790:"), the scene for which had been set by the Commonwealth's two previous Vasa kings. Most of Poland was invaded by the Swedish army during The Deluge without much of a fight, due to the conspiratorial complicity of Polish and Lithuanian governors and nobility. In the course of a few years, the Commonwealth rose to force the Swedes out of Poland, ending the short-lived intrusions and campaigns, however, at a high cost. Most of the cities and towns in the Commonwealth were sacked, plundered and some were burnt to the ground, mostly by the retreating enemy units. Although the reign of John Casimir is remembered to be one of the most disastrous and perhaps most unsuccessful in the history of Poland and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, he is often referred to as the "warrior king" that fought bravely to save his nation and his people.
310:
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763:
750:. In 1642 he again left the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, accompanying his sister to Germany. In 1643 he joined the Jesuits, against vocal opposition from King Władysław, causing a diplomatic rift between the Commonwealth and the Pope. John Casimir went to Rome when the Jesuits invited him in order to bolster the Catholic faction. From this, he was appointed cardinal, but he would soon resign and return to the Commonwealth when the only son of Władysław died. He attempted to gain the support of the
1024:
49:
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666:. He had few friends among the Polish nobility. Unfriendly, secretive, dividing his time between lavish partying and religious contemplation, and disliking politics, he did not have a strong power base nor influence at the Polish court, instead supporting unfavorable Habsburg policies. He did, however, display talent as a military commander, showing his abilities in the
1816:
2196:
Marczali, Henrik (1877). "Candalei Anna II. Ulászló neje, magyarországi útjának és a menyegzői ünnepélyek leírása (Közlemények a párisi
Nemzeti könyvtárból 1448-1596, 83-122)" [The Description of the Route to Hungary and the Wedding of Anne of Foix, the Wife of Ladislas II. Announcements from the
928:
armies, the vow was intended to incite the whole nation, including the peasantry, to rise up against the invaders. Two main issues raised by the king in the vows were the necessity to protect the
Catholic faith, seen as endangered by the Lutheran (and to some extent Orthodox) aggressors, and to
705:
and fight against the French. After his regiment was defeated in battle, he spent a year living lavishly at the
Viennese court where his strong anti-Cossack interests and political views were greatly shaped under the direct influence of the Austrian Emperor.
951:
The
Commonwealth forces finally drove back the Swedes in 1657 and the Russians in 1661. After the war, promises made by John Casimir in Lwów, especially those considering the peasants' lot, were not fulfilled, mostly because of objections by the
828:
On 16 September 1668, grief-stricken after the death of his wife in the previous year, John II Casimir abdicated the throne of the Polish-Lithuanian
Commonwealth and returned to France, where he rejoined the Jesuits and became abbot of
530:
Ioannes
Casimirus, Dei Gratia rex Poloniae, magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russie, Prussiae, Masoviae, Samogitiae, Livoniae, Smolenscie, Severiae, Czernichoviaeque; nec non-Suecorum, Gothorum, Vandalorumque haereditarius rex,
781:
In 1648 John
Casimir was elected by the Polish Parliament to succeed his half-brother on the Polish throne. The reign of the last of the Vasas in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth would be dominated by the
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1061:. Most of them were sold off to wealthy nobles, displayed in other parts of Europe, or would eventually belong to private collectors, though some of the famous works survived hidden in
2654:
2254:
2047:
481:, who placed themselves under the protection of Russian Tsars. During the long battles, John Casimir, though feeble and of a peaceful disposition, frequently proved his
713:
and fell in love with
Baroness Guldentern, but his desire to marry her was thwarted by King Władysław. In return, Władysław attempted to make him the sovereign of the
639:(1618–1648), although in that conflict Poland for the most part avoided joining any major military actions and campaigns, instead supporting the Austrian Habsburg and
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in
Ukraine, who had advanced into the very heart of Poland. The power of the king had been stripped of almost all its prerogatives by the growing influence of the
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in reward for his father's contribution during the war with Russia in 1663). A major part of the king's painting collection was acquired in 1660s, by way of
1765:
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3148:
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John II Casimir Vasa (1609–1672), King of Poland and Grand Duke of
Lithuania (1648–1668), ratifies decisions made by the Magistrate of the City of Krakow
1140:
When John Casimir abdicated the Polish–Lithuanian throne, he brought many of his paintings and portraits with him to France. The collection remaining at
909:, John II Casimir in a grandiose and elaborate ceremony entrusted the Commonwealth under the protection of the Blessed Virgin Mary, whom he announced as
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John Casimir left no surviving children. All his brothers and sisters having predeceased him without surviving issue, he was the last of the line of
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In the autumn of 1672, John Casimir had intended to return to Poland, but fell ill before departing and was prevented from doing so. The seizure of
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511:. John Casimir's reign was one of the most disastrous in the history of Poland. He was the third and last monarch on the Polish throne from the
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1011:, descending in primogeniture from Bridget's sister. After his death, the headship was offered to his second cousin, the already-abdicated
820:), who was a major support to the King. Marie Louise suddenly died in 1667 and this may have caused the monarch's early political decline.
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and marry an Austrian princess to create an alliance between the nations in case of an unexpected attack, possibly from the east.
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1980:
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408:, he became a layman and succeeded his brother in 1648. His reign commenced amid the confusion and disasters caused by the great
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469:. The wars against the Swedes and the Russians were terminated by treaties involving considerable cessions of provinces on the
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Between 1632 and 1635, Władysław IV sought to enhance his brother's influence by negotiating a marriage for John Casimir to
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nobility and was not attracted to the idea of reducing serfdom, which would negatively affect their economic interests.
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In 1660 John II Casimir was forced to renounce his claim to the Swedish throne and acknowledge Swedish sovereignty over
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where he remained for two years. He was released when his brother, Władysław IV, promised never to wage war against
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The most important additions to the royal collection were made by John II Casimir, a passionate collector of
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73:
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The vast collection of paintings, portraits, porcelain and other valuables belonging to the Polish
937:
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252:
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died out. His heir in Ferdinand I of Naples and in the Brienne succession was his distant cousin,
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on 16 September 1668. The following year, he retired to France where he was hospitably treated by
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in 1668 as well as a claimant to the throne of Sweden from 1648 to 1660. He was the first son of
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2145:
Ward, Adolphus William; Prothero, George Walter; Leathes, Stanley Mordaunt, eds. (1911).
876:
723:). Taking offence at this, John Casimir in 1638 left for the Kingdom of Spain to become
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John Casimir for most of his life remained in the shadow of his older half-brother,
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903:
667:
445:
436:
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3040:
918:
1896:
693:, then to an Italian princess, but to no avail. In 1637 John Casimir undertook a
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1422:
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969:
884:
682:
535:
English translation: John Casimir, by God's grace King of Poland, Grand Duke of
1930:
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2722:
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2056:
1739:
1122:
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of Portugal, but was captured by French agents and imprisoned by the order of
482:
401:
346:
88:
2185:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 261–262.
2174:
1766:"Historical Collections of the Vilnius University Library – MANUSCRIPTS"
492:
as successor to the Polish throne triggered a series of revolts, including a
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861:
848:
distressed him, exacerbating his condition. He requested the assistance of
837:(Michael I) was elected the new king and was crowned on 29 September 1669.
616:
454:
134:
1007:
John Casimir was, after his brother, the head of the genealogical line of
3744:
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2226:(in German), vol. 1, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 158–160
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to defend Poland against the Ottomans. He died on 16 December 1672 from
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1181:
794:
732:
731:
until 1640. He was then freed by a diplomatic mission of the appointed
724:
580:
564:
556:
548:
544:
474:
458:
431:, which had long been active enemies of Poland, renewed their attacks.
393:
263:
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2925:
1769:
1145:
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1054:
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698:
504:
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428:
405:
154:
627:. This led to a long-standing feud wherein the Polish kings of the
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1062:
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1022:
915:
protect the Kingdom's folk from any impositions and unjust bondage
875:
772:
761:
676:
596:
369:
365:
179:
1819:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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798:
719:
576:
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397:
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2929:
2418:
929:
manifest the will to improve the condition of the peasantry.
619:
on 22 March 1609. His father, Sigismund III, the grandson of
2036:
1000:), who also was the heir-general of Federigo's first wife,
2917:
Not Swedish prince by birth, but created prince of Sweden
1843:
1841:
477:
on the part of Poland, which also lost its sway over the
2262:] (in German). Vol. 6. p. 151 – via
911:
The Queen of the Polish Crown and other of his countries
2561:
King John II Casimir of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania
2055:] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 20 – via
924:
As almost the whole country was occupied by Swedish or
635:. Poland and Sweden were also on opposite sides in the
443:
was continuously dissolved because of the abuse of the
717:, but this was vetoed by the Commonwealth parliament (
453:
triumphantly marched through the country and occupied
4023:
Polish military personnel of the Khmelnytsky Uprising
503:. As a result, John Casimir abdicated at the Sejm of
388:. John Casimir then travelled extensively throughout
2556:
King Władysław IV of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania
2197:
National Library of Paris in French 1448-1596].
1041:
A silver ewer from 1640 commissioned by John Casimir
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164:
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121:
117:
107:
97:
87:
79:
68:
41:
2255:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich
2245:"Habsburg, Anna von Oesterreich (1528–1587)"
2048:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich
1835:, Polski Słownik Biograficzny, Tom X, 1964, p. 410
1793:
1791:
1170:Portrait of a Man in the Hat Decorated with Pearls
3993:Polish people of the Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)
1109:. These were mainly Dutch paintings and works by
357:. John Casimir succeeded his older half-brother,
2260:Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire
2053:Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire
2571:John Albert, Prince-Bishop of Warmia and Kraków
1994:
1992:
1901:. University of Washington Press. p. 160.
1049:was mostly looted by the Swedes and Germans of
932:After the King, a similar vow was taken by the
808:John Casimir had married his brother's widow,
457:in 1655, which forced John Casimir to flee to
3513:
2941:
2430:
2030:
2028:
701:, which he abandoned to join the army of the
631:claimed the Swedish throne, resulting in the
337:; 22 March 1609 – 16 December 1672) was
8:
2655:Prince Frederick Adolf, Duke of Östergötland
1173:
3488:indicates monarch of questioned historicity
2538:Prince Charles Philip, Duke of Södermanland
1086:(who painted a famous portrait of a son of
439:also invaded the Polish territory, and the
30:For other monarchs with similar names, see
27:Ruler of Poland-Lithuania from 1648 to 1668
3898:
3811:
3591:
3559:
3520:
3506:
3498:
2948:
2934:
2926:
2437:
2423:
2415:
2289:
1225:
1216:
47:
38:
2913:Lost his title due to an unequal marriage
2821:Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten
1952:
1950:
1948:
746:In 1641 John Casimir decided to become a
2070:Larsson, Lars-Olof (10 September 2002).
1113:. The collection also included works by
972:. With him, all the legitimate issue of
461:. The Swedes were eventually stopped by
2754:Prince Carl Oscar, Duke of Södermanland
2576:Prince Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Opole
2151:. Vol. XIII. Macmillan. p. 67
2105:(in Swedish). Vol. 25. Stockholm:
2009:(in Swedish). Vol. 20. Stockholm:
1731:
856:, and his burial took place inside the
741:anti-French Polish-Spanish negotiations
739:Krzysztof Gosiewski and as a result of
213: 1649; died 1667)
2454:The generations indicate descent from
2072:Gustav Vasa – Landsfader eller tyrann?
1898:The Polish-Lithuanian State, 1386-1795
1586:
1466:
1462:
1452:
1344:
1234:
1230:
777:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1660
364:As a prince, John Casimir embarked at
83:November 1648 – 16 September 1668
1662:
1652:
1648:
1636:
1630:
1620:
1604:
1594:
1590:
1574:
1568:
1558:
1542:
1532:
1528:
1516:
1510:
1500:
1484:
1474:
1470:
1446:
1436:
1420:
1410:
1406:
1394:
1388:
1378:
1362:
1352:
1348:
1332:
1326:
1316:
1300:
1290:
1286:
1274:
1268:
1258:
1242:
1238:
7:
2878:Prince Daniel, Duke of Västergötland
2873:Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland
2795:Prince Wilhelm, Duke of Södermanland
786:, followed by the war with Sweden ("
593:Early life, family and rise to power
376:against France, but was captured by
2909:Also prince of Poland and Lithuania
2702:Crown Prince Gustav, Prince of Vasa
2676:Prince Carl Gustav, Duke of Småland
2497:Prince Magnus, Duke of Östergötland
833:in Paris. Following his abdication
372:in 1638 to negotiate a league with
2836:Prince Carl Johan, Duke of Dalarna
2769:Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland
2074:(in Swedish). Prisma. p. 21.
2038:"Habsburg, Maria von Bayern"
571:; and also hereditary King of the
488:The intrigues of his wife for the
25:
3998:Polish people of the Smolensk War
2805:Prince Carl, Duke of Östergötland
2528:Prince John, Duke of Östergötland
1220:Ancestors of John II Casimir Vasa
400:in 1643. He was made cardinal by
2800:Prince Erik, Duke of Västmanland
2464:Houses of Palatinate-Zweibrücken
1999:Lager-Kromnow, Birgitta (1973).
1814:
1192:John Casimir was a character in
864:. His heart was interred in the
657:Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
308:
2841:Prince Lennart, Duke of Småland
2826:Prince Sigvard, Duke of Uppland
1513:Charles II, Archduke of Austria
1487:Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
1172:(1667), today displayed in the
866:Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés
831:Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés
655:and also the younger sister of
633:Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1629
235:
210:
176:Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés
32:John of Poland (disambiguation)
3539:List of early Lithuanian dukes
2831:Prince Bertil, Duke of Halland
2738:Prince August, Duke of Dalarna
2728:Prince Gustaf, Duke of Uppland
2035:Hurter, Friedrich von (1861).
948:noblemen of the Commonwealth.
934:Deputy Chancellor of the Crown
767:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
711:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
139:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1:
3988:17th-century Polish cardinals
2764:Prince Oscar, Duke of Gotland
1958:Vademecum Zamku Warszawskiego
1720:History of Poland (1569–1795)
1633:Duchess Maria Anna of Bavaria
917:. This is referred to as the
606:
58:
3963:17th-century Polish monarchs
3880:Stanisław August Poniatowski
3473:Stanisław August Poniatowski
2462:, and continues through the
2199:Hungarian Historical Journal
2148:The Cambridge Modern History
18:King Jan Kazimierz of Poland
3855:Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki
3544:List of Lithuanian monarchs
3448:Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki
3189:Władysław III Spindleshanks
2894:Prince Oscar, Duke of Skåne
2774:Prince Eugen, Duke of Närke
2681:Crown Prince Charles August
2107:National Archives of Sweden
2102:Svenskt biografiskt lexikon
2011:National Archives of Sweden
2006:Svenskt biografiskt lexikon
1665:Archduchess Anna of Austria
1545:Anne of Bohemia and Hungary
1176:Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister
1152:or appropriated in 1720 by
1093:Dedesh, and was made Royal
835:Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki
709:In 1636 he returned to the
4039:
4013:Burials at Wawel Cathedral
1923:"Onet – Jesteś na bieżąco"
1580:
1464:
1338:
1232:
902:in Lwów, conducted by the
894:On 1 April 1656, during a
889:National Museum in Wrocław
784:Russo-Polish War (1654–67)
501:Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski
451:Charles X Gustav of Sweden
29:
3926:
3533:
3481:
3279:Dukes of Gdańsk Pomerania
3158:Senior or Supreme Princes
2902:
2452:
2403:
2396:
2370:
2362:
2355:
2345:
2332:
2324:
2319:
2292:
1895:Stone, Daniel Z. (2014).
1650:
1642:
1614:
1607:Albert V, Duke of Bavaria
1592:
1588:
1552:
1530:
1522:
1494:
1472:
1468:
1449:John II Casimir of Poland
1430:
1408:
1400:
1372:
1350:
1346:
1310:
1288:
1280:
1252:
1236:
1174:
1057:in the 1650s, during the
615:John Casimir was born in
404:, but after returning to
392:and entered the order of
224:Claudine Françoise Mignot
46:
3973:Grand dukes of Lithuania
3587:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
3274:Dukes of Sieradz-Łęczyca
2566:Prince Alexander Charles
2523:Gustav, Prince of Uglich
2250:von Wurzbach, Constantin
2223:Neue Deutsche Biographie
2095:Dahlbäck, Göran (1985).
2043:von Wurzbach, Constantin
1160:, like two paintings by
1131:Jan Brueghel the Younger
956:, which represented the
3254:Dukes of Greater Poland
2339:Grand Duke of Lithuania
2242:Hübner, Johann (1860).
2182:Encyclopædia Britannica
2133:Encyclopædia Britannica
1853:szlachta.internetdsl.pl
1329:Sigismund III of Poland
1202:(Ogniem i Mieczem) and
1099:Hendrick van Uylenburgh
681:Posthumous portrait by
343:Grand Duke of Lithuania
74:Grand Duke of Lithuania
4018:Monarchs who abdicated
3865:Augustus II the Strong
3458:Augustus II the Strong
3375:Władysław III of Varna
3259:Dukes of Little Poland
3164:Władysław II the Exile
3119:Casimir I the Restorer
3113:Bolesław the Forgotten
2001:"Katarina Jagellonica"
1983:30 August 2011 at the
1154:Augustus II the Strong
1148:was looted during the
1042:
1034:
990:Frederick IV of Naples
988:, the heir-general of
891:
817:
778:
770:
686:
647:, was the daughter of
643:fraction. His mother,
612:
529:
410:revolt of the Cossacks
334:
326:
3870:Stanisław Leszczyński
3830:Anna the Jagiellonian
3789:Sigismund II Augustus
3755:Sigismund Kęstutaitis
3528:Monarchs of Lithuania
3400:Sigismund II Augustus
3370:Władysław II Jagiełło
3347:Louis I the Hungarian
3329:Casimir III the Great
3224:Bolesław V the Chaste
3199:Mieszko IV Tanglefoot
3169:Bolesław IV the Curly
3139:Bolesław III Wrymouth
3046:Piast the Wheelwright
2905:Also prince of Norway
2686:King Charles XIV John
2407:Henri de La Trémoille
2373:— TITULAR —
2294:John II Casimir Vasa
2216:Walter Goetz (1953),
1874:"Władca, co kaprysił"
1833:Jan II Kazimierz Waza
1365:Sigismund I of Poland
1303:Margaret Leijonhufvud
1107:Gerrit van Uylenburgh
1040:
1026:
1013:Christina I of Sweden
1009:St. Bridget of Sweden
994:Ferdinand I of Naples
978:Henry de La Tremoille
944:, in the name of the
879:
776:
765:
680:
653:Maria Anna of Bavaria
649:Charles II of Austria
600:
353:with his second wife
335:Jonas Kazimieras Vaza
327:Jan II Kazimierz Waza
4008:Nobility from Kraków
3894:Kingdom of Lithuania
3875:August III the Saxon
3850:John II Casimir Vasa
3555:Kingdom of Lithuania
3443:John II Casimir Vasa
3362:Jagiellonian dynasty
3324:Władysław I Łokietek
3124:Bolesław II the Bold
3097:Bolesław I the Brave
2857:King Carl XVI Gustaf
2790:King Gustaf VI Adolf
2671:King Gustav IV Adolf
2629:King Adolf Frederick
2533:King Gustav II Adolf
2286:at portal.unesco.org
1571:Constance of Austria
1105:, and later his son
1053:who brutally sacked
998:Isabella of Clermont
974:Alfonso II of Naples
824:Abdication and death
810:Marie Louise Gonzaga
625:Charles IX of Sweden
355:Constance of Austria
319:John II Casimir Vasa
289:Constance of Austria
199:Marie Louise Gonzaga
42:John II Casimir Vasa
3825:Henry III of Valois
3784:Sigismund I the Old
3663:House of Gediminids
3395:Sigismund I the Old
3339:Capet-Anjou dynasty
3229:Leszek II the Black
3219:Bolesław the Horned
3179:Casimir II the Just
3174:Mieszko III the Old
2176:"Ferdinand I"
1927:dampol.republika.pl
1391:Catherine of Poland
1199:With Fire and Sword
1166:Portrait of a Rabbi
1028:Portrait of a Rabbi
913:. He also swore to
691:Christina of Sweden
524:Official titles in
253:John Sigismund Vasa
3840:Sigismund III Vasa
3765:House of Jagiellon
3639:House of Mindaugas
3596:House of Mindaugas
3564:House of Mindaugas
3433:Sigismund III Vasa
3284:Dukes of Pomerania
3214:Henry II the Pious
3129:Władysław I Herman
3107:Mieszko II Lambert
2957:Monarchs of Poland
2357:Titles in pretence
1960:, Warszawa, 1980.
1933:on 21 October 2014
1271:John III of Sweden
1245:Gustav I of Sweden
1194:Henryk Sienkiewicz
1150:Great Northern War
1082:, and a patron of
1068:The Rape of Europa
1043:
1035:
1019:Patron of the arts
892:
842:Kamieniec Podolski
779:
771:
729:Cardinal Richelieu
695:diplomatic mission
687:
621:Gustav I of Sweden
613:
414:Bohdan Khmelnytsky
380:and imprisoned at
378:Cardinal Richelieu
351:Sigismund III Vasa
279:Sigismund III Vasa
3940:
3939:
3922:
3921:
3888:
3887:
3860:John III Sobieski
3845:Ladislaus IV Vasa
3803:Polish–Lithuanian
3797:
3796:
3736:
3724:
3712:
3695:
3620:House of Monomakh
3581:
3580:
3495:
3494:
3453:John III Sobieski
3438:Władysław IV Vasa
3410:Elective monarchy
3294:Přemyslid dynasty
3209:Henry the Bearded
2923:
2922:
2650:King Charles XIII
2413:
2412:
2404:Succeeded by
2375:
2346:Succeeded by
1908:978-0-295-80362-3
1799:"John II Casimir"
1710:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1158:Elector of Saxony
982:Prince of Talmond
942:Andrzej Trzebicki
715:Duchy of Courland
703:Holy Roman Empire
664:Władysław IV Vasa
637:Thirty Years' War
463:Stefan Czarniecki
433:George II Rakoczy
425:Tsardom of Russia
359:Władysław IV Vasa
345:from 1648 to his
316:
315:
174:, Kraków (body);
159:Kingdom of France
102:Władysław IV Vasa
16:(Redirected from
4030:
3899:
3812:
3774:Casimir Jagellon
3730:
3718:
3706:
3689:
3592:
3560:
3522:
3515:
3508:
3499:
3269:Dukes of Kuyavia
3264:Dukes of Masovia
3249:Dukes of Silesia
3234:Henryk IV Probus
3194:Władysław Odonic
3184:Leszek the White
2950:
2943:
2936:
2927:
2613:King Frederick I
2608:King Charles XII
2518:King Sigismund I
2468:Holstein-Gottorp
2439:
2432:
2425:
2416:
2371:
2363:Preceded by
2325:Preceded by
2315:
2308:
2290:
2268:
2267:
2247:
2239:
2233:
2230:full text online
2227:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2178:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2142:
2136:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2040:
2032:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
1996:
1987:
1975:
1969:
1954:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1929:. Archived from
1919:
1913:
1912:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1845:
1836:
1830:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1803:chestofbooks.com
1795:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1772:. Archived from
1762:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1736:
1226:
1217:
1179:
1178:
1137:, among others.
938:bishop of Kraków
797:and the city of
611:
608:
312:
239:
237:
214:
212:
151:
148:16 December 1672
131:
129:
63:
60:
51:
39:
21:
4038:
4037:
4033:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4028:
4027:
3968:Kings of Poland
3943:
3942:
3941:
3936:
3918:
3884:
3835:Stephen Báthory
3805:
3793:
3759:
3657:
3633:
3614:
3577:
3549:
3548:
3529:
3526:
3496:
3491:
3477:
3428:Stephen Báthory
3418:Henry of Valois
3404:
3356:
3333:
3309:
3288:
3150:
3143:
3078:
3050:
2959:
2954:
2924:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2898:
2887:16th generation
2882:
2866:15th generation
2861:
2850:14th generation
2845:
2814:13th generation
2809:
2783:12th generation
2778:
2747:11th generation
2742:
2723:King Charles XV
2716:10th generation
2711:
2690:
2659:
2645:King Gustav III
2633:
2617:
2596:
2592:King Charles XI
2580:
2544:
2506:
2502:King Charles IX
2475:
2448:
2446:Swedish princes
2443:
2409:
2400:
2390:Treaty of Oliva
2384:
2376:
2368:
2351:
2342:
2337:
2330:
2314:6 December 1672
2309:
2303:
2302:
2295:
2277:
2272:
2271:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2154:
2152:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2126:
2122:
2112:
2110:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2082:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2034:
2033:
2026:
2016:
2014:
1998:
1997:
1990:
1985:Wayback Machine
1976:
1972:
1956:Lileyko Jerzy,
1955:
1946:
1936:
1934:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1909:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1879:
1877:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1857:
1855:
1847:
1846:
1839:
1831:
1827:
1815:
1807:
1805:
1797:
1796:
1789:
1779:
1777:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1749:
1747:
1740:"Jan Kazimierz"
1738:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1716:
1711:
1214:
1190:
1080:Dutch paintings
1021:
992:(second son of
966:
900:Latin Cathedral
874:
858:Wawel Cathedral
826:
760:
645:Queen Constance
609:
595:
590:
521:
490:Duke of Enghien
257:Maria Anna Vasa
255:
242:
241:
238: 1672)
233:
229:
226:
216:
208:
204:
201:
183:
172:Wawel Cathedral
169:
168:31 January 1676
153:
149:
133:
127:
125:
93:19 January 1649
72:
64:
61:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4036:
4034:
4026:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4003:Former Jesuits
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3983:Dukes of Opole
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3945:
3944:
3938:
3937:
3929:Titular rulers
3927:
3924:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3916:
3908:
3906:
3903:House of Urach
3896:
3890:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3821:
3819:
3809:
3799:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3770:
3768:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3725:
3713:
3701:
3696:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3668:
3666:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3650:
3644:
3642:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3625:
3623:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3607:
3601:
3599:
3589:
3583:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3575:
3569:
3567:
3557:
3551:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3541:
3535:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3517:
3510:
3502:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3423:Anna Jagiellon
3420:
3414:
3412:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3366:
3364:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3343:
3341:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3326:
3320:
3318:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3306:Wenceslaus III
3303:
3298:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3155:
3153:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3088:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3060:
3058:
3056:Proto-historic
3052:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3026:
3019:
3012:
3005:
2998:
2991:
2984:
2977:
2969:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2945:
2938:
2930:
2921:
2920:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2698:
2696:
2695:9th generation
2692:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2667:
2665:
2664:8th generation
2661:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2641:
2639:
2638:7th generation
2635:
2634:
2632:
2631:
2625:
2623:
2622:6th generation
2619:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2604:
2602:
2601:5th generation
2598:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2588:
2586:
2585:4th generation
2582:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2552:
2550:
2549:3rd generation
2546:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2514:
2512:
2511:2nd generation
2508:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2483:
2481:
2480:1st generation
2477:
2476:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2419:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2402:
2398:Brienne claim
2394:
2393:
2386:
2380:King of Sweden
2369:
2364:
2360:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2344:
2335:King of Poland
2331:
2326:
2322:
2321:
2320:Regnal titles
2317:
2316:
2296:
2293:
2288:
2287:
2282:Document image
2276:
2275:External links
2273:
2270:
2269:
2234:
2208:
2188:
2173:, ed. (1911).
2171:Chisholm, Hugh
2162:
2137:
2120:
2087:
2080:
2062:
2024:
1988:
1970:
1944:
1914:
1907:
1887:
1865:
1837:
1825:
1787:
1776:on 7 July 2009
1757:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1715:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1591:
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1587:
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1579:
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1518:
1517:
1515:
1509:
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1505:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1419:
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1415:
1412:
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1233:
1231:
1229:
1222:
1221:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1189:
1186:
1101:, an agent in
1084:Daniel Schultz
1020:
1017:
965:
962:
873:
870:
850:Pope Clement X
846:Ottoman Empire
825:
822:
801:in modern-day
759:
758:King of Poland
756:
685:, 18th century
603:Daniel Schultz
594:
591:
589:
586:
585:
584:
533:
520:
517:
390:western Europe
339:King of Poland
314:
313:
306:
302:
301:
296:
292:
291:
286:
282:
281:
276:
272:
271:
266:
260:
259:
250:
244:
243:
231:
227:
222:
221:
220:
219:
206:
202:
197:
196:
195:
194:
191:
189:
185:
184:
170:
166:
162:
161:
152:(aged 63)
146:
142:
141:
123:
119:
118:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
91:
85:
84:
81:
77:
76:
70:King of Poland
66:
65:
55:Daniel Schultz
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4035:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
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3385:John I Albert
3383:
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3325:
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3319:
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3316:Piast dynasty
3312:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3301:Wenceslaus II
3299:
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3149:Fragmentation
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3084:Piast dynasty
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2760:
2759:King Gustaf V
2757:
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2733:King Oscar II
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2492:King John III
2490:
2488:
2487:King Eric XIV
2485:
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2460:House of Vasa
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2307:22 March 1609
2306:
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2218:"Albrecht V."
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2109:. p. 139
2108:
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2081:9789151839042
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2031:
2029:
2025:
2013:. p. 779
2012:
2008:
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1995:
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1966:83-223-1818-9
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1821:public domain
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907:Pietro Vidoni
905:
901:
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890:
886:
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872:The Lwów Oath
871:
869:
867:
863:
859:
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851:
847:
843:
838:
836:
832:
823:
821:
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629:House of Vasa
626:
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558:
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518:
516:
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513:House of Vasa
510:
506:
502:
499:
495:
491:
486:
485:and courage.
484:
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147:
143:
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136:
132:22 March 1609
124:
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116:
113:
110:
106:
103:
100:
96:
92:
90:
86:
82:
78:
75:
71:
67:
56:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3932:
3913:Mindaugas II
3911:
3849:
3807:Commonwealth
3485:
3468:Augustus III
3442:
3245:
3156:
3111:
3028:
3021:
3014:
3007:
3000:
2993:
2986:
2979:
2972:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2707:King Oscar I
2560:
2397:
2388:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2366:Władysław IV
2333:
2328:Władysław IV
2311:
2304:
2297:
2281:
2259:
2253:
2237:
2228:; (
2221:
2211:
2202:
2198:
2191:
2180:
2165:
2153:. Retrieved
2147:
2140:
2131:
2123:
2111:. Retrieved
2100:
2090:
2071:
2065:
2052:
2046:
2015:. Retrieved
2004:
1973:
1957:
1935:. Retrieved
1931:the original
1926:
1917:
1897:
1890:
1878:. Retrieved
1868:
1856:. Retrieved
1852:
1832:
1828:
1806:. Retrieved
1802:
1778:. Retrieved
1774:the original
1760:
1748:. Retrieved
1743:
1734:
1448:
1203:
1197:
1191:
1169:
1165:
1142:Royal Castle
1139:
1077:
1066:
1044:
1027:
1006:
967:
950:
931:
923:
914:
910:
904:papal legate
893:
880:
839:
827:
807:
792:
780:
745:
718:
708:
688:
668:Smolensk War
661:
614:
601:Portrait by
519:Royal titles
487:
446:liberum veto
444:
437:Transylvania
422:
363:
318:
317:
150:(1672-12-16)
53:Portrait by
36:
3958:1672 deaths
3953:1609 births
3818:(1569–1795)
3767:(1440–1569)
3750:Švitrigaila
3665:(1285–1440)
3641:(1269–1285)
3622:(1267–1269)
3598:(1263–1267)
3566:(1236–1263)
3463:Stanisław I
3239:Przemysł II
2128:Sigismund I
2097:"Margareta"
1876:(in Polish)
1849:"kazimierz"
1746:(in Polish)
1423:Bona Sforza
1184:, Germany.
1168:(1657) and
1051:Brandenburg
970:Bona Sforza
885:Jan Matejko
683:Bacciarelli
610: 1667
467:Częstochowa
98:Predecessor
62: 1658
3947:Categories
3672:Butigeidis
3610:Vaišvilkas
3380:Casimir IV
3023:Leszko III
2472:Bernadotte
2470:; and the
2401:1648-1672
2385:1648–1660
2343:1648–1668
2264:Wikisource
2057:Wikisource
1978:Dedesz Aga
1726:References
1205:The Deluge
1196:'s novels
1188:In fiction
1073:Guido Reni
788:The Deluge
483:patriotism
402:Innocent X
347:abdication
331:Lithuanian
128:1609-03-22
89:Coronation
3779:Alexander
3740:Skirgaila
3687:Gediminas
3653:Daumantas
3648:Traidenis
3573:Mindaugas
3390:Alexander
3314:Restored
3246:See also:
3092:Mieszko I
3074:Siemomysł
3041:Chościsko
3036:Popiel II
3016:Leszko II
2988:Krakus II
2965:Legendary
2458:, of the
2349:Michael I
2205:: 97–113.
1937:1 October
1880:1 October
1858:1 October
1808:1 October
1750:1 October
1744:Sciaga.pl
1208:(Potop).
1162:Rembrandt
1111:Rembrandt
1103:Amsterdam
1032:Rembrandt
919:Lwów Oath
881:Lwów Oath
752:Habsburgs
588:Biography
569:Chernihiv
553:Samogitia
537:Lithuania
509:Louis XIV
494:rebellion
382:Vincennes
374:Philip IV
305:Signature
112:Michael I
108:Successor
3745:Vytautas
3728:Kęstutis
3704:Algirdas
3699:Jaunutis
3677:Butvydas
3605:Treniota
3204:Konrad I
3134:Zbigniew
3064:Siemowit
3030:Popiel I
3009:Leszko I
2981:Krakus I
2456:Gustav I
2155:29 April
1981:Archived
1714:See also
1212:Ancestry
1164: –
1127:Guercino
1119:Jordaens
1095:falconer
958:szlachta
946:szlachta
936:and the
854:apoplexy
737:Smolensk
674:(1633).
670:against
641:Catholic
561:Smolensk
541:Ruthenia
479:Cossacks
473:and the
299:Catholic
295:Religion
3933:italics
3931:are in
3816:Elected
3716:Jogaila
3682:Vytenis
3486:Italics
3352:Jadwiga
3102:Bezprym
2995:Lech II
2252:(ed.).
2130:at the
2045:(ed.).
1780:20 June
1182:Dresden
1135:Bassano
1088:Crimean
986:Taranto
926:Russian
898:in the
844:by the
795:Livonia
769:in 1648
733:Voivode
725:Viceroy
672:Muscovy
581:Vandals
565:Severia
557:Livonia
549:Masovia
545:Prussia
475:Dnieper
459:Silesia
394:Jesuits
240:
232:
228:
215:
207:
203:
188:Spouses
182:(heart)
3905:(1918)
3733:family
3721:family
3709:family
3692:family
3629:Shvarn
3151:period
3069:Lestek
2974:Lech I
2310:
2113:7 June
2078:
2017:7 June
1968:p. 129
1964:
1905:
1770:UNESCO
1146:Warsaw
1133:, and
1115:Rubens
1059:Deluge
1055:Warsaw
964:Legacy
862:Kraków
814:Polish
803:Latvia
748:Jesuit
699:Vienna
617:Kraków
573:Swedes
567:, and
505:Warsaw
498:Hetman
496:under
471:Baltic
465:under
455:Kraków
429:Sweden
418:nobles
412:under
406:Poland
386:France
323:Polish
285:Mother
275:Father
165:Burial
155:Nevers
135:Kraków
3002:Wanda
2312:Died:
2305:Born:
2258:[
2248:. In
2051:[
2041:. In
1065:like
1063:Opole
1047:Vasas
1030:, by
883:, by
577:Goths
526:Latin
449:law.
370:Spain
366:Genoa
264:House
248:Issue
234:(
230:
209:(
205:
180:Paris
80:Reign
2157:2018
2115:2018
2076:ISBN
2019:2018
1962:ISBN
1939:2018
1903:ISBN
1882:2018
1860:2018
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