Robert III of Scotland

1082:, the younger Robert, then John, Earl of Carrick, is shown to be an energetic ambitious man and fully engaged in the running of the country, at the centre of Anglo-Scottish diplomacy, and who became the pre-eminent magnate in Scotland and whose political importance south of the Forth would eclipse that of his father's. Boardman describes how in 1384 he callously engineered the council to remove his father from power and to place it in his hands. Many of the problems of Robert III's rule, Boardman argues, stemmed from the death of his brother-in-law and close ally James, Earl of Douglas at Otterburn in 1388, when his deliberately constructed and powerful affinity south of the Forth crumbled. That same year Carrick lost the lieutenancy to his brother Robert Earl of Fife, that was, Boardman suggests, a blow to the future king's standing and one from which he would not fully recover. According to Boardman, when Robert became king in 1390 he was the victim of his father's style of government characterised by Robert II's creation of his sons, sons-in-law, and other major territorial nobles as powerful magnates to whom he delegated extensive authority. As a result, Robert III's brothers refused to act simply as liegemen to the king. Robert III, already weakened by the council when he ascended the throne, was in the end completely subordinated to the magnate power of Albany and Douglas. 1075:

complaints made in the later chronicles of lawlessness and disturbance in the country were mainly confined to the north with the king's brother Alexander, Lord of Badenoch and Earl of Buchan at its root. The death of John, Lord of the Isles heralded a state of dissension between the lordship and the crown that was to last for two generations and which even Robert III's successor James I was unable to deal with properly. Lynch states that much of the troubles during Robert III's reign derived from the sharp deterioration of the royal revenues. The unruliness of northern Scotland was the result of competing factions within the royal family — Lynch suggests that the weakness in kingship before 1406 "can be exaggerated", citing Buchan's enforced appearance at Robert III's council to answer for his incendiary attack on Elgin and its cathedral, and Albany's obtainment of a submission from the lord of the Isles.

1038:(1967) agrees and writes of the first two Stewart kings "that a famous dynasty, which was to produce so many men of remarkable ability ... made a somewhat pedestrian beginning". He immediately qualifies this statement with "it is true that the sources, both record and narrative, are scanty". He goes further and explains "admittedly, no attempt has yet been made to bring the resources of modern historical research to bear on Robert II and Robert III ... but it is beyond the bounds of probability that even if this is done either of them will emerge as a man who did much positively to shape Scottish history." When Robert III re-established his personal rule in 1393, Donaldson characterises it as a period of anarchy, and of a king who couldn't control his brothers Albany and Buchan, nor his son Rothesay. 628:... considering that there are, and have been now for a considerable time, great and numerous defects in the governing of the kingdom by reason of the king's disposition, both by reason of age and for other reasons, and the infirmity of the lord his firstborn son ... have amicably chosen Sir , earl of Fife, second-born son of the king, and brother german of the same lord the firstborn son, guardian of the kingdom under the king, ... for putting into effect justice and keeping the law internally, and for the defence of the kingdom with the king's force, as set out before, against those attempting to rise up as enemies. 1045:(1974), and describes Robert III as a failure, like his father, because he wasn't dominant. Nicholson's opinion was that in his period as Lieutenant in the 1380s, Robert (John, Earl of Carrick) was incapable of dealing with the breakdown of law and order, citing the number of legal cases. The lameness of Carrick after being kicked by a horse was explained by Nicholson as the excuse needed to have him replaced by his brother Robert, Earl of Fife as the king's lieutenant. Nicholson writes, "nothing much was to be hoped for in the heir apparent", and goes on to blame Robert III for the destruction of 1060:(2000) puts forward that the first two Stewart kings, "had difficulty in asserting themselves, partly because their dynasty was new to kingship and needed to establish itself". Robert III's period of personal rule from 1393 was "disastrous" according to Barrell, and was exemplified by the king's failure to re-take the royal fortress of Dumbarton. Barrell's final assessment of Robert III was of a man crippled in body and incapable or averse to personally confronting Albany but sought to do so through promoting the status of his sons, and even then he failed. 522: 1071:, explains that the 13th century Scottish kings ruled with the endorsement of practically all the political classes but that none of the 14th century kings, from Robert I to Robert III, did so and retained loyalty by the use of patronage. The benefits of this were outweighed by the disadvantages — alienated lands reduced crown income, endowments had the same effect, the estates granted to nobles and church often in regality led to a loss of royal attendance within these territories and contributed to a diminishment of authority. 872: 860:. Rothesay had also in conjunction with his uncle, Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan, confronted Albany's influence in central Scotland. As soon his lieutenancy expired in 1402, Rothesay was arrested and imprisoned in Albany's Falkland Castle where he died in March 1402. Rothesay's death probably lay with Albany and Douglas, who would have looked upon the possibility of the young prince acceding to the throne with great apprehension. They certainly fell under suspicion, but were cleared of all blame by a general council, 42: 3412: 1091: 455:. After this, Robert III withdrew to his lands in the west and for a time played little or no part in affairs of state. He was powerless to interfere when a dispute between Albany and Rothesay arose in 1401, leading to Rothesay's imprisonment and death in March 1402. The general council absolved Albany from blame and reappointed him as Lieutenant. The only impediment now remaining to an Albany Stewart monarchy was the king's only surviving son, 1067:(1984) found Robert III to be "probably Scotland's least impressive king". Grant puts this into perspective and writes that it is notable that Robert III's reign could have been worse compared to the turmoil and violence experienced in England and France when ruled by weak kings. Even on Robert's death, Scotland didn't descend into open civil war but was restricted to positioning among the royal family and its magnate groupings. Grant, in 935: 902:. With the king's health failing, it was decided in the winter of 1405–1406 to send the young prince to France out of the reach of Albany. Despite this, the manner of James's flight from Scotland was unplanned. In February 1406, James together with Orkney and Fleming, at the head of a large group of followers left the safety of Bishop Wardlaw's protection in St Andrews and journeyed through the hostile Douglas territories of 856:

daughter of the Earl of Douglas. March, enraged by this, wrote to Henry IV on 18 February 1400, and by July had entered Henry's service. In 1401, Rothesay took on a more assertive and autonomous attitude, circumventing proper procedures, unjustifiably appropriating sums from the customs of the burghs on the east coast, before provoking further animosity when he confiscated the revenues of the temporalities of the vacant

684:. Yet in the north, Carrick did not bring Buchan under control and many of the Guardian's supporters although pleased at the resumption of hostilities with England were unhappy at the continued northern lawlessness. Carrick had been made Guardian partly on the need to curb Buchan's excesses yet despite this by February 1387 Buchan had become even more powerful and influential when he was appointed 692: 820: 719:, Lord of Galloway, who held an entail on his kinsman's estates, and who ultimately succeeded to the earldom. Fife, with his new powerful Douglas ally, together with those loyal to the king, ensured at the December 1388 council meeting that the guardianship of Scotland would pass from Carrick (who had recently been badly injured from a horse-kick) to Fife. 517:

where the Drummonds also had interests, while Douglas and March mistrusted David's intentions towards them. These nobles were also unhappy at the king's squandering of funds provided to him for his ransom, and with the prospect that they could be sent to England as guarantors for the ransom payments.

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to re-establish Scottish control over English occupied territory. In 1363, he joined his father along with the earls of Douglas and March in a failed insurrection against Robert's uncle, David II. The reasons for the rebellion were varied. In 1362, David II supported several of his royal favourites

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that included Albany, Rothesay, Archibald, Earl of Douglas, Albany's son Murdoch, justiciar North of the Forth along with the bishops Walter of St Andrews and Gilbert of Aberdeen — the outcome of this meeting manifested itself at the council meeting held in January 1399 when the king was forced to

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The war with England was halted by a series of truces however, on 19 April 1388, English envoys sent to Scotland to again extend the ceasefire returned to Richard's court empty-handed — by 29 April Robert II was conducting a council in Edinburgh to authorise renewed conflict with England. Although

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by 1367. In 1368 David created him Earl of Carrick. His father became king in 1371 after the unexpected death of the childless King David II. In the succeeding years, Carrick was influential in the governance of the kingdom but became progressively more impatient at his father's longevity. In 1384

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supporters drew criticism from Northern nobles and prelates and demonstrated Robert II's inability or reluctance to control his son. The king's failure to take a leading role in prosecuting the war with England and Buchan's abuse of royal power in the north was the backdrop to the general council

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by Robert I when female heirs were excluded; David II attempted unsuccessfully on several occasions to have the council change the succession procedure. Robert II quickly moved to ensure the succession of John when the general council attending his coronation officially named Carrick as heir — in

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dated 22 November 1347. Therefore, although their children were legitimate, having been born after the first marriage of their parents, John, his three brothers and six sisters were legitimised by their parents' second Church-sanctioned marriage. Styled Lord of Kyle, John is first recorded in the

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Michael Lynch suggests that the earlier 20th century historians made hasty evaluations of both Robert II and Robert III when they characterised them as "pathetically weak personalities" and their reigns as "nineteen years of senility and sixteen of infirmity". Lynch also makes the point that the

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and harried and forayed into England causing much damage, and taking Wark Castle around 13 October 1399. A far-reaching dispute between Rothesay and George Dunbar, Earl of March, occurred when Rothesay, rather than remarrying Elizabeth Dunbar as previously agreed, decided to marry Mary Douglas,

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Following Rothesay's death, and with the restoration of the lieutenancy to Albany and the Scottish defeat at the battle of Humbleton, Robert III experienced almost total exclusion from political authority and was limited to his lands in the west. By late 1404 Robert, with the aid of his close

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In 1392, Robert III strengthened the position of his son David, now Earl of Carrick, when he endowed him with a large annuity that allowed the young prince to build up his household and affinity, and then in 1393 regained his right to direct rule when the general council decided that Fife's

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Before 1384 persistent objections regarding Robert II's application of the law were brought to the council's attention. Some of these grievances maintained that the King had acted unlawfully by deliberately disregarding charges regarding his personal conduct. Buchan's use of

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Robert Stewart and Elizabeth Mure were married in 1336 by traditional marriage, recognized as legally binding but not recognized by the Church. The marriage was criticized for being uncanonical, so they married a second time in 1349, after receiving a papal dispensation from

906:— an act probably designed to demonstrate James's royal endorsement of his custodians, but also a move by his custodians to further their own interests in the traditional Douglas heartlands. Events went seriously wrong for James and he had to escape to the Bass Rock in the 815:

on 28 April 1396. Carrick progressively acted independently of his father taking control of the Stewart lands in the south-west, while maintaining his links with the Drummonds of his mother, and all at a time when Fife's influence in central Scotland remained strong.

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There was general approval of Fife's intention to properly resolve the situation of lawlessness in the north and in particular the activities of Buchan his younger brother. Buchan was stripped of his position of justiciar, which would soon be given to Fife's son,

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In those days there was no law in Scotland, but the strong oppressed the weak, and the whole kingdom was one den of thieves. Homicides, robberies, fire-raisings, and other misdeeds remained unpunished, and justice seemed banished beyond the kingdom's bounds.

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In April 1385, the general council sharply condemned Buchan's behaviour and sat intending to manoeuvre Carrick into firmly intervening in the north. In July, under Carrick's guardianship, a Scottish army that included a French force commanded by Admiral

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Within weeks Carrick's actions signalled changes in the direction of crown strategy where the Carrick–Douglas affinity was, by far, the largest group to benefit from crown patronage. On 13 March 1385 it emerged that an unauthorised payment of £700 in

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In diebus illis non erat lex in Scocia sed quilibet potencior minorem oppressit et totum regnum fuit unum latrocinium. Homicidia depredaciones et incendia et cetera maleficia remanserunt inpunita et justicia utlegata extra regni terminos exulavit.

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on 22 June 1368 and the tacit approval of John as the king's probable heir. A Stewart succession was suddenly endangered when David II had his marriage to Margaret annulled in March 1369 leaving the king free to remarry and with the prospect of a

891:, the Earl of Buchan's illegitimate son, who was in dispute with Albany over the earldom of Mar. Robert III again exhibited his new resolve when in December 1404 he created a new regality in the Stewartry for his sole remaining son and heir, 4277: 710:

in August 1388, its leader, the Earl of Douglas, was killed. Douglas died childless, triggering a series of claims on his estate — Carrick backed his brother-in-law Malcolm Drummond, the husband of Douglas's sister, while Carrick's brother,

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Carrick was appointed the king's lieutenant after swaying the general council to remove Robert II from direct rule. Carrick's administration saw a renewal of the conflict with England. In 1388 the Scots defeated the English at the

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lieutenancy should end and that Carrick, now of age, should assist his father. This independence of action was demonstrated in 1395–1396, when he responded to Carrick's unauthorised marriage to Elizabeth Dunbar, daughter of

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Robert II's policy of building up Stewart domination in Scotland through the advancement of his sons saw the emergence of Carrick as the pre-eminent Stewart magnate south of the Forth-Clyde line, just as his younger brother

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In 1390, Robert II died and Carrick ascended the throne as Robert III but without authority to rule directly. Fife continued as Lieutenant until February 1393 when power was returned to the king jointly with his son

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and the rise of Robert III to the throne. As the elderly king has grown "feeble, weary and half-blind", his sons, daughters and other nobles campaign for power. An ungoverned Scotland is ravaged by their conflicts.

4270: 431:, was killed. By this time Carrick had been badly injured from a horse kick, however, it was the loss of his powerful ally, Douglas, that saw a turnaround in magnate support in favour of his younger brother 5080: 4263: 774:. The four-month delay in the crowning of Robert III can be seen as a period when Fife and his affinity sought to ensure their future positions, and which also saw Buchan's opportunistic attack on 807:

ally. He further showed his authority when in an attempt to reduce inter-clan feuding and lawlessness, he arranged and oversaw a gladiatorial limited combat between the clans of Kay and Quhele (

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In May 1390 parliament granted John permission to change his regnal name to Robert, probably in part to maintain the link back to Robert I but also to disassociate himself from King

799:, by ensuring its annulment. The king appears to have also taken over the conduct of foreign affairs, preserving the peace with Richard II and managing to increase the power of the 922:, who delivered James to King Henry IV of England. Robert III had moved to Rothesay Castle where, after hearing of his son's captivity, he died on 4 April 1406, and was buried in 3618: 835:

in April 1398 criticised the king's governance, and empowered his brother Robert and his son David — now respectively the Dukes of Albany and Rothesay — to lead an army against

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1373 the Stewart succession was further strengthened when parliament passed entails defining how each of the king's sons could inherit the crown. After the coronation

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in their titles to lands in the Stewart earldom of Monteith and thwarted Stewart claims to the earldom of Fife. The King's involvement and eventual marriage with

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January, David (now Duke of Rothesay) appointed Lieutenant of Scotland to rule for three years but under supervision of a group led by Fife (now Duke of Albany)

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For an understanding of the designation of baronies and earldoms into regalities and their powers during the reign of Robert III, see Alexander Grant,

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The date of Robert II's death and the disputed date for Robert II's burial and the reasons for the delay in Robert III's coronation are explained by

537:, the daughter of the queen's deceased brother, Sir John Drummond. David II reinforced the position of John and Annabella by providing them with the 4139: 4095: 6047: 6042: 6037: 3825: 4490: 3859: 1111:. The novel covers events from 1396 to 1402, depicting "Scottish Clan feuds" and other disturbances in Robert III's reign. Robert III himself, 970: 954: 946:, the daughter of Sir John Drummond of Stobhall and Mary Montifex, daughter of Sir William Montifex, in c. 1366/1367. They had seven children: 6017: 5901: 3192: 3172: 3033: 2953: 2935: 2814: 6022: 3886: 3604: 510: 727:. In January 1390 Robert II was in the north-east perhaps to strengthen the now changed political outlook in that region. He returned to 4035: 4004: 3988: 3957: 3906: 586: 444: 4080: 3794: 598: 432: 428: 1184:(1977) by Nigel Tranter. Covers events from 1402 to 1411. It depicts the last few years in the reign of Robert III, the captivity of 3947: 3815: 3784: 3407: 3379: 3361: 3246: 3228: 3210: 3136: 3118: 3100: 2971: 2756: 1970:

For an account of the background to Buchan's activities in the north of Scotland and the context in which he operated see Boardman,

1474: 1149: 981: 977: 884: 611: 1597: 5945: 4393:(Acknowledged in Denmark, England, Flanders, the Holy Roman Empire, Hungary, northern Italy, Ireland, Norway, Poland, and Sweden) 4152: 4075: 4009: 3916: 3901: 3867: 3805: 3320: 3280: 3059: 2988: 2871: 2831: 2773: 999: 953:(24 October 1378 – 26 March 1402), who was betrothed to Elizabeth Dunbar but later married Lady Marjory Douglas, the daughter of 914:, and which resulted in Sir David Fleming's death. Their confinement on the rock was to last for over a month before a ship from 505: 4085: 5966: 4183: 4019: 3962: 3937: 3846: 3535: 3511: 1551: 1161: 1112: 950: 225: 121: 5843: 4193: 3820: 3779: 3588: 1572: 1467: 1165: 1145: 1116: 888: 804: 712: 571: 127: 557:

on 27 March 1371 and before this date had given John — now styled Steward of Scotland — the ancestral lands surrounding the

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Grant, Alexander (1992), "The Otterburn War from the Scottish Point of View", in Goodman, Anthony; Tuck, Anthony (eds.),

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22 March, James's ship bound for France was intercepted by the English and the prince began his eighteen-year captivity

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Boardman, Stephen (2007), "The Gaelic World and the Early Stewart Court", in Broun, Dauvit; MacGregor, Martin (eds.),

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Mìorun Mòr nan Gall, "The Great Ill-Will of the Lowlander"? Lowland Perceptions of the Highlands, Medieval and Modern

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During the early months along with his father and others, he was part of an abortive insurrection against David II

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in November 1384, where the decision was taken to sideline the king and provide the ruling powers to Carrick as

6012: 6007: 5874: 5546: 5535: 5241: 5097: 5089: 4922: 4912: 4245: 4198: 3641: 3557: 392: 4706: 4686: 1160:(1977) by Nigel Tranter. Covers events from c. 1390 to 1402. Robert III turns out to be a weak king. His son 360:

Sometime during that winter the King had decided to send his remaining son, James, to France for safe-keeping

5515: 5510: 5495: 5470: 5177: 4892: 4887: 4867: 4842: 4666: 887:, Sir David Fleming and Henry Wardlaw, had succeeded in re-establishing himself and intervened in favour of 871: 857: 792: 669: 550: 521: 41: 5886: 5694: 5525: 5500: 5475: 5460: 5332: 5167: 5021: 4902: 4882: 4872: 4847: 4832: 4458: 3728: 3352:

Webster, Bruce (1998), "Scotland without a King, 1329–1341", in Grant, Alexander; Stringer, Keith (eds.),

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who had received the Lordship of Fife from David II now resigned the title so that the king's second son,

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The friction between the King and the Stewarts looked to have been settled before the end of spring 1367.

230: 451:, became Lieutenant under the supervision of a special parliamentary group dominated by Fife, now styled 6027: 5684: 5594: 5574: 5505: 5443: 5433: 5423: 5302: 5297: 5270: 5231: 5226: 5006: 4976: 4956: 4877: 4817: 4807: 4797: 4302: 4229: 4224: 4124: 3942: 3921: 3754: 3715: 3550: 3489: 3455: 1140: 1011: 680:

penetrated the north of England without any serious gains but provoked a damaging retaliatory attack by

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Penman, Michael (2001), "The House Divided: Bruce vs Balliol, 1290–1371", in Oram, Richard (ed.),

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reported that Robert III described himself as "the worst of kings and the most miserable of men".

5726: 5364: 5312: 5236: 5045: 5041: 5016: 4646: 4601: 4322: 4178: 3733: 1120: 862:"where, by divine providence and not otherwise, it is discerned that he departed from this life". 716: 553:) unexpectedly died, presumably to the relief of both John and his father. Robert was crowned at 538: 534: 4437:(Acknowledged in Aragon, Burgundy, Castile and León, Cyprus, France, Naples, Savoy, and Scotland 3127:

Grant, Alexander (2000), "Fourteenth-century Scotland", in Jones, Michael; et al. (eds.),

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The kin of the border earls took advantage of the confusion in England after the deposition of

403:(1368–1390) before ascending the throne at about the age of 53 years. He was the eldest son of 328:

Ruling powers restored to the King with his elder son David undertaking a more influential role

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rival each other for political power in his court. But the struggle attracts the attention of

943: 530: 419: 209: 186: 2875:. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (ODNB) (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2809:, The Stewart Dynasty in Scotland Series, Edinburgh: John Donald, an imprint of Birlinn Ltd, 2726: 2690: 593:, was born to Carrick and Annabella on 24 October 1378. In 1381, Carrick was calling himself 411:

and was legitimized by the second marriage of his parents and by papal dispensation in 1349.

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November, Carrick engineered his appointment as guardian of the kingdom sidelining the King

245: 2708: 839:, and his brothers. In November 1398, an influential group of magnates and prelates met at 5859: 5672: 5417: 5247: 5199: 5189: 5183: 4791: 4586: 3679: 3671: 3666: 3627: 3525: 1565: 1124: 911: 840: 832: 812: 779: 775: 762: 724: 575: 500: 400: 157: 5058: 988:; married 4th Sir William Edmonstone of Culloden and 1st of Duntreath (ancestors of the 3411: 3163:

Grant, Alexander (2008), "Franchises North of the Border", in Prestwich, Michael (ed.),

973:, the son of Archibald Douglas, 3rd Earl of Douglas and Joanna de Moravia of Strathearn; 672:, had been struggling to check Carrick's misuse of the Crown finances during 1384–1385. 320:

14 August, Carrick crowned as Robert III but without power and Fife retains guardianship

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On 22 February 1371, David II (who was preparing to marry the Earl of March's sister,

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The History of the Scottish Parliament: Parliament and Politics In Scotland 1235–1560

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along with the Earl of Orkney after his escorts were attacked by James Douglas of

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1 December, Carrick lost guardianship to his younger brother Robert, Earl of Fife

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John joined his father and other magnates in a rebellion against his great-uncle

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Some of the most powerful Scots of Robert III's time were his close relatives:

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John Stewart of Ardgowan and Blackhall, (1364–1412) who was an ancestor to the

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at the hands of Henry IV and the events back in Scotland. Concluding with the

1169: 848: 819: 681: 634:— Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707, 1 December 1388, Edinburgh. 70: 5984:

Did not hold the rank of earl/mormaer, but ruled the province as a petty-king

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Earl of Angus in the southeast of the country as a counterbalance to Fife's

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sustained by his connections to border magnates such as his brother-in-law,

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Calendar of Papal Letters to Scotland of Clement VII of Avignon, 1378–1394

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Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707, 14 May 1402, Edinburgh.

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in March where he died on 19 April and was buried at Scone on 25 April.

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early in 1363 but submitted to him soon afterwards. He was married to

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25–27 March, Rothesay dies in custody but parliament exonerates Albany

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4 April, the ailing King Robert died after learning of his son's fate

664:, a huge amount, had been taken by the guardian from the customs of 439:, to whom the council transferred the lieutenancy in December 1388. 49:

of 1390 bearing a crowned facing effigy of Robert III on the obverse

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By 28 October 1405, Robert III had returned to Dundonald Castle in

5410: 4786: 4726: 2904: 1139:. Covers events from c. 1388 to 1390. Depicting the last years of 1089: 870: 828: 818: 690: 520: 1098:

Robert III has been depicted in historical novels. They include:

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The king was increasingly blamed for his failure to pacify the

2070: 2068: 2066: 980:; married 2nd Sir James Kennedy the Younger and gave birth to 601:, son of William, Earl of Douglas, whom he succeeded in 1384. 1898: 1896: 1894: 1892: 1890: 1888: 2807:

The Early Stewart Kings: Robert II and Robert III, 1371–1406

1835: 1833: 823:

Falkland Palace built close to the site of Falkland Castle

844:

surrender power to Rothesay for a period of three years.

3256: 3044:

Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History

2930:, vol. 3 (2004 ed.), The Minerva Group, Inc., 2324: 635: 513:

may also have represented a threat in the Steward's own

504:

1350s as the commander of a campaign in the Lordship of

969:

Margaret Stewart (died between 1450 and 1456), married

3165:

Liberties and Identities in the Medieval British Isles

2367:

Liberties and Identities in the Medieval British Isles

1006:

He also had at least two older illegitimate children:

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1394–1417 (deposed in 1409 and 1417; died 1424)

938:

Robert III and Annabella Drummond (1562 illustration)

2927:

Character Sketches of Romance, Fiction and the Drama

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The Wars of Edward III: Sources and Interpretations

2052: 2050: 1953: 1951: 831:in the west and north. The general council held in 578:— Dunbar was compensated with the provision of the 261: 251: 239: 208: 180: 168: 151: 141: 137: 99: 89: 79: 69: 61: 54: 34: 3313: 3273: 3239:Border Fury: England and Scotland at War 1296–1568 3052: 3021: 2981: 2864: 2824: 2766: 963:(December 1394 – 21 February 1437), King of Scots; 561:. How the succession was to take place was first 533:to John, who by this time was already married to 3354:Medieval Scotland: Crown, Lordship and Community 3315:"Balliol, Edward (b. in or after 1281, d. 1364)" 3205:, Stroud, Gloustershire: Tempus Publishing Ltd, 3129:The New Cambridge Medieval History: C. 1300-1415 2202: 2200: 3184:A Guide to the Best Historical Novels and Tales 1053:, despite the lieutenancy of Fife at the time. 743: 625: 3258:Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707 1041:Ranald Nicholson agrees with Donaldson in his 471:John Stewart was born around the year 1337 to 5844: 5074: 4498: 4271: 3612: 3054:"Murray, Sir Andrew, of Bothwell (1298–1338)" 2652:"King Robert III – National Portrait Gallery" 491:, were the children of the first Bruce king, 344:Probably late in the year, arrested by Albany 318:19 April, Robert II died at Dundonald Castle 8: 4121:Charles James, Duke of Cornwall and Rothesay 3372:Britain's Royal Family: A Complete Genealogy 1002:, son of Sir James Douglas and Agnes Dunbar. 391:from 1390 to his death in 1406. He was also 5641:Monarchs of England and Scotland after the 4130:Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange 3093:War and Border Societies in the Middle Ages 2948:, vol. 1, Edinburgh University Press, 702:the Scots army defeated the English at the 293:27 March, Robert II crowned at Scone Abbey 5851: 5837: 5829: 5818:Debated or disputed rulers are in italics. 5717: 5633: 5111: 5106: 5081: 5067: 5059: 4505: 4491: 4483: 4429: 4385: 4362: 4292: 4278: 4264: 4256: 3748: 3619: 3605: 3597: 3417: 3410: 3131:, Woodbridge: Cambridge University Press, 2365:, pp. 193–199 in Michael Prestwick (Ed.), 2099: 2097: 1127:stands out among the secondary characters; 1094:An early 17th century imagining of Robert. 926:, which had been founded by the Stewarts. 40: 31: 3356:, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2667: 2665: 529:On 31 May 1367, the Steward resigned the 395:from 1371 to 1390 and held the titles of 3922:Annabella, Countess of Geneva and Huntly 2944:Brown, Keith M.; Tanner, Roland (2008), 2166:A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 2118:"Records of the Parliaments of Scotland" 1985:"Records of the Parliaments of Scotland" 933: 3757:, first monarch of the House of Stewart 3321:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 3281:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 3158:, vol. I, Edinburgh: David Douglas 3060:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2989:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2872:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2832:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2774:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 1608: 278: 201: 1367; died 1401) 113: 4307:(House of Plantaginet) 1377–1399 4225:Charles Edward "Bonnie Prince Charlie" 3753:The generations indicate descent from 971:Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas 955:Archibald Douglas, 3rd Earl of Douglas 4327:(House of Lancaster) 1413–1422 4204:James Francis Edward, Prince of Wales 4060:James VI of Scotland and I of England 1582: 1580: 1578: 1576: 1571: 1569: 1564: 1562: 1557: 1555: 1550: 1548: 1530: 1524: 1522: 1520: 1514: 1512: 1510: 1492: 1490: 1484: 1482: 1480: 1478: 1473: 1471: 1466: 1464: 1462: 1460: 1455: 1453: 1451: 1449: 1417: 1415: 1385: 1383: 1381: 1379: 1373: 1368: 1366: 1364: 1362: 1360: 1358: 1356: 1354: 1352: 1346: 1340: 1338: 1336: 1334: 1332: 1330: 1328: 1326: 1324: 1318: 1313: 1311: 1306: 1304: 1302: 1300: 1298: 1296: 1294: 1292: 1290: 1272: 1254: 1252: 1250: 1248: 1246: 1244: 1242: 1240: 1238: 1232: 1227: 1225: 1223: 1221: 1219: 1217: 1215: 1213: 1211: 1209: 1207: 215: 7: 4317:(House of Lancaster) 1399–1413 957:and Joanna de Moravia of Strathearn; 759:Chartularium Episcopatus Moraviensis 155:4 April 1406 (aged 68–69) 3404:Portraits of Robert III of Scotland 3203:The Kings & Queens of Scotland 3113:, Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd, 2765:Boardman, S. I. (September 2004). 2299:The New Cambridge Medieval History 1930:The New Cambridge Medieval History 1069:The New Cambridge Medieval History 27:King of Scotland from 1390 to 1406 25: 4286:Contemporary rulers of Robert III 4096:Robert, Duke of Kintyre and Lorne 3408:National Portrait Gallery, London 3167:, Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 3154:Paul, James Balfour, ed. (1904), 1475:Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan 1176:, leading to English involvement; 1150:Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan 982:Gilbert Kennedy, 1st Lord Kennedy 978:George Douglas, 1st Earl of Angus 778:, settling an old score with the 4076:Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales 1000:James Douglas, 1st Lord Dalkeith 668:. It transpired that Fife, also 5118:Monarchs of Scotland until 1603 3897:Eleanor, Archduchess of Austria 3826:Elizabeth, Countess of Crawford 3397:at the official website of the 3147:Registrum Episcapus Moraviensis 2964:The Wars of Scotland, 1214–1371 2496:Scotland: The Later Middle Ages 2286:David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay 1669:Scotland: The later middle Ages 1643:Scotland: The later middle Ages 1630:Scotland: The later middle Ages 1552:David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay 1162:David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay 1113:David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay 1043:Scotland: The Later Middle Ages 995:Egidia Stewart, died unmarried; 951:David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay 605:Guardianship — and its collapse 525:Blason of John, Earl of Carrick 383:(c. 1337 – 4 April 1406), born 226:David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay 198: 122:David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay 6048:Lord high stewards of Scotland 6043:15th-century Scottish monarchs 6038:14th-century Scottish monarchs 5115:Monarchs of England until 1603 3583:November 1384 – December 1388 2966:, Edinburgh University Press, 2751:, Cambridge University Press, 2747:Barrell, Andrew D. M. (2000), 2561:New Cambridge Medieval History 2363:Franchises North of the Border 2247:New Cambridge Medieval History 2234:Kings & Queens of Scotland 2153:History of Scottish Parliament 1598:Scottish monarchs' family tree 1573:Alexander Stewart, Earl of Mar 1468:Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany 1166:Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany 1146:Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany 1117:Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany 885:Henry Sinclair, Earl of Orkney 128:Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany 1: 4514:Pictish and Scottish monarchs 4158:Henrietta, Duchess of Orléans 3892:Isabella, Duchess of Brittany 3860:Margaret, Countess of Douglas 3795:Isabella, Countess of Douglas 3467:19 April 1390 – 4 April 1406 3042:Dunbar, Archibald H. (1899), 2709:"A Folly of Princes synopsis" 2103:Grant in Tuck & Goodman, 6018:Earls or mormaers of Carrick 5860:Mormaers or earls of Carrick 4189:Anne, Queen of Great Britain 3887:Margaret, Dauphine of France 3345:UK public library membership 3305:UK public library membership 3219:Rogers, Clifford J. (1999), 3149:, Edinburgh: Ballantyne Club 3084:UK public library membership 3028:, Scottish History Society, 3020:Burns, Charles, ed. (1976), 3013:UK public library membership 2896:UK public library membership 2856:UK public library membership 2823:Boardman, S. I. (May 2006). 2798:UK public library membership 2727:"The Captive Crown synopsis" 2444:Kings and Queens of Scotland 1880:Kings and Queens of Scotland 1825:Kings and Queens of Scotland 1799:Kings and Queens of Scotland 1682:Kings and Queens of Scotland 1457:Robert III, King of Scotland 966:Robert Stewart (died young); 595:"lieutenant for the marches" 479:to the throne, and his wife 427:where the Scots' commander, 116:Robert Stewart, Earl of Fife 65:19 April 1390 – 4 April 1406 6023:14th-century Scottish earls 5725:British monarchs after the 4081:Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia 3907:Alexander, Duke of Rothesay 3811:Marjorie, Countess of Moray 3806:Margaret, Lady of the Isles 3111:Independence and Nationhood 2691:"lords of Misrule synopsis" 2548:Independence and Nationhood 1370:Robert II, King of Scotland 1065:Independence and Nationhood 1056:Andrew Barrell in his book 998:Elizabeth Stewart, married 866: 785: 473:Robert, Steward of Scotland 6064: 4174:Charles, Duke of Cambridge 3255:University of St Andrews, 3046:, Edinburgh: David Douglas 2805:Boardman, Stephen (2007), 1315:David II, King of Scotland 1229:Robert I, King of Scotland 1119:are prominently depicted. 1017:James Stewart of Kilbride. 976:Mary Stewart, married 1st 622:had become in the north. 5980: 5813: 5736: 5720: 5716: 5653: 5636: 5632: 5109: 5105: 5035: 4444: 4432: 4400: 4388: 4365: 4361: 4291: 4242: 4153:Henry, Duke of Gloucester 3948:Alexander, Duke of Albany 3816:David, Earl of Strathearn 3785:Alexander, Earl of Buchan 3751: 3724:Stewart of Castle Stewart 3585: 3576: 3571: 3555: 3547: 3542: 3532: 3523: 3518: 3503: 3494: 3486: 3479: 3469: 3460: 3452: 3447: 3420: 3374:, London: Vintage Books, 3109:Grant, Alexander (1984), 3051:Duncan, A. A. M. (2004). 1559:James I, King of Scotland 1542: 1540: 1538: 1528: 1526: 1518: 1516: 1508: 1504: 1498: 1443: 1441: 1439: 1433: 1431: 1429: 1427: 1425: 1413: 1409: 1407: 1405: 1403: 1397: 1395: 1393: 1391: 1344: 1342: 1284: 1282: 1280: 1270: 1266: 1260: 1152:are prominently featured; 875:The grave of Robert III, 837:Donald, Lord of the Isles 612:Alexander, Earl of Buchan 271: 39: 4199:Edgar, Duke of Cambridge 4184:James, Duke of Cambridge 4010:Arthur, Duke of Rothesay 3917:Mary, Countess of Buchan 3902:Joan, Countess of Morton 3868:Elizabeth, Lady Dalkeith 3642:High Steward of Scotland 3558:High Steward of Scotland 3223:, Boydell & Brewer, 3181:Nield, Jonathan (1968), 2863:Boardman, S. I. (2004). 2105:War and Border Societies 2074:Grant in Jones, et al., 942:King Robert III married 572:Robert, Earl of Monteith 393:High Steward of Scotland 4194:Charles, Duke of Kendal 4036:James, Duke of Rothesay 4020:Alexander, Duke of Ross 4005:James, Duke of Rothesay 3938:Mary, Countess of Arran 3864:Mary, Countess of Angus 3847:David, Duke of Rothesay 3422:Robert III of Scotland 3312:Webster, Bruce (2004). 3272:Webster, Bruce (2004). 2962:Brown, Michael (2004), 2922:Brewer, Ebenezer Cobham 2297:Grant in Jones et al., 2245:Grant in Jones et al., 2151:in Brown & Tanner, 2042:Scotland: A New History 2001:Grant in Jones et al., 1928:Grant in Jones et al., 1747:Scotland: A new History 1080:The Early Stewart Kings 1034:in his general history 858:bishopric of St Andrews 670:Chamberlain of Scotland 4522:Monarchs of the Picts 4040:Robert, Duke of Albany 3821:Walter, Earl of Atholl 3790:Elizabeth, Lady Erroll 3780:Robert, Duke of Albany 3770:Robert III of Scotland 3729:Stewart of Balquhidder 3069:10.1093/ref:odnb/19590 2998:10.1093/ref:odnb/14587 2881:10.1093/ref:odnb/23714 2841:10.1093/ref:odnb/23713 2731:cunninghamh.tripod.com 2713:cunninghamh.tripod.com 2695:cunninghamh.tripod.com 2457:Britain's Royal Family 1786:Britain's Royal Family 1773:Britain's Royal Family 1760:Britain's Royal Family 1104:The Fair Maid of Perth 1095: 1078:In Stephen Boardman's 939: 879: 824: 786:Rothesay's lieutenancy 754: 698: 631: 526: 487:and her half-brother, 457:James, Earl of Carrick 429:James, Earl of Douglas 231:James I, King of Scots 4757:Monarchs of the Scots 3943:James III of Scotland 3755:Robert II of Scotland 3370:Weir, Alison (2008), 3330:10.1093/ref:odnb/1206 3290:10.1093/ref:odnb/3726 3237:Sadler, John (2006), 3145:Innes, Cosmo (1837), 2980:Brown, M. H. (2004). 2783:10.1093/ref:odnb/8063 2671:Brewer (2004), p. 301 2325:http://www.rps.ac.uk/ 2076:New Cambridge History 2003:New Cambridge History 1141:Robert II of Scotland 1093: 1012:Shaw-Stewart baronets 937: 874: 822: 717:Sir Archibald Douglas 694: 636:http://www.rps.ac.uk/ 524: 515:earldom of Strathearn 256:Robert II of Scotland 5882:Donnchadh of Carrick 5695:William III & II 5260:Henry the Young King 5210:Edward the Confessor 5178:Æthelred the Unready 4838:Constantine III (IV) 4803:Constantine II (III) 4230:Henry, Cardinal York 4209:Louisa Maria Theresa 4091:Charles I of England 4044:Mary, Queen of Scots 3979:James IV of Scotland 3953:David, Earl of Moray 3912:James II of Scotland 3831:Egidia, Lady Douglas 3775:Walter, Earl of Fife 3720:Stewart of Ballechin 3579:Guardian of Scotland 3530:1368 – 5 March 1390 2179:Registum Moravienses 1133:The Lords of Misrule 1086:Fictional portrayals 867:Albany's lieutenancy 688:north of the Forth. 654:Guardian of Scotland 5898:Adam of Kilconquhar 5892:Marjorie of Carrick 5643:Union of the Crowns 4868:Malcolm III Canmore 4435:Seated in Avignon 4015:James V of Scotland 3984:James, Duke of Ross 3852:James I of Scotland 3481:Peerage of Scotland 3187:, Ayer Publishing, 2680:Nield (1968), p. 48 2639:Early Stewart Kings 2626:Early Stewart Kings 2613:Early Stewart Kings 2600:Early Stewart Kings 2431:Early Stewart Kings 2405:Early Stewart Kings 2392:Early Stewart Kings 2379:Early Stewart Kings 2350:Early Stewart Kings 2337:Early Stewart Kings 2260:Early Stewart Kings 2221:Early Stewart Kings 2208:Early Stewart Kings 2136:Early Stewart Kings 2089:Early Stewart Kings 2058:Early Stewart Kings 2029:Early Stewart Kings 1972:Early Stewart Kings 1959:Early Stewart Kings 1867:Early Stewart Kings 1854:Early Stewart Kings 1812:Early Stewart Kings 1734:Early Stewart Kings 1721:Early Stewart Kings 1708:Early Stewart Kings 1695:Early Stewart Kings 1656:Early Stewart Kings 1617:Early Stewart Kings 1186:James I of Scotland 1063:Alexander Grant in 990:Edmonstone baronets 715:, took the side of 713:Robert Earl of Fife 704:Battle of Otterburn 696:Battle of Otterburn 461:Henry IV of England 425:Battle of Otterburn 5727:Acts of Union 1707 5690:James II & VII 5383:Kenneth I MacAlpin 5168:Edgar the Peaceful 4941:Second Interregnum 4908:William I the Lion 4777:Constantine I (II) 4767:Kenneth I MacAlpin 3734:Stewart of Darnley 3566:Reverted to crown 3508:Title next held by 2016:Kings & Queens 1158:A Folly of Princes 1121:Archibald the Grim 1096: 940: 880: 825: 699: 574:could receive the 539:Earldom of Carrick 535:Annabella Drummond 527: 483:. Robert's mother 5990: 5989: 5985: 5946:Alexander de Brus 5910: 5906:Lord of Annandale 5902:Robert VI de Brus 5826: 5825: 5809: 5808: 5712: 5711: 5628: 5627: 5623: 5622: 5173:Edward the Martyr 5056: 5055: 4929:First Interregnum 4480: 4479: 4476: 4475: 4472: 4471: 4465: 4455: 4438: 4428: 4427: 4421: 4411: 4394: 4376: 4357: 4356: 4350: 4329: 4319: 4309: 4253: 4252: 4238: 4237: 3989:John, Earl of Mar 3958:John, Earl of Mar 3595: 3594: 3586:Succeeded by 3533:Succeeded by 3470:Succeeded by 3343:(Subscription or 3303:(Subscription or 3194:978-0-8337-2509-7 3174:978-1-84383-374-1 3156:The Scots Peerage 3082:(Subscription or 3035:978-0-9500260-8-4 3011:(Subscription or 2955:978-0-7486-1485-1 2937:978-1-4102-1335-8 2894:(Subscription or 2854:(Subscription or 2816:978-1-904607-68-7 2796:(Subscription or 2749:Medieval Scotland 2587:Medieval Scotland 2574:Medieval Scotland 2535:Medieval Scotland 2522:Medieval Scotland 2509:Medieval Scotland 2312:Medieval Scotland 2192:Medieval Scotland 1943:Medieval Scotland 1917:Medieval Scotland 1588: 1587: 1182:The Captive Crown 1058:Medieval Scotland 944:Anabella Drummond 889:Alexander Stewart 765:for the year 1398 531:earldom of Atholl 511:Margaret Drummond 420:Anabella Drummond 378: 377: 187:Anabella Drummond 16:(Redirected from 6055: 6003:Scottish princes 5983: 5894: 5887:Niall of Carrick 5853: 5846: 5839: 5830: 5718: 5678:Richard Cromwell 5668:The Protectorate 5658:James I & VI 5634: 5215:Harold Godwinson 5135:Edward the Elder 5128:Alfred the Great 5112: 5107: 5083: 5076: 5069: 5060: 5049: 5040:also monarch of 4507: 4500: 4493: 4484: 4461: 4451: 4436: 4430: 4417: 4407: 4392: 4391:Seated in Rome 4386: 4372: 4363: 4346: 4325: 4315: 4305: 4293: 4280: 4273: 4266: 4257: 3799:Jean, Lady Keith 3749: 3716:Stewart of Appin 3700:Earl of Galloway 3690:Marquess of Bute 3657:Duke of Richmond 3628:House of Stewart 3621: 3614: 3607: 3598: 3548:Preceded by 3487:Preceded by 3453:Preceded by 3443: 3436: 3427:House of Stewart 3418: 3414: 3399:British monarchy 3384: 3366: 3348: 3340: 3338: 3336: 3317: 3308: 3300: 3298: 3296: 3277: 3268: 3267: 3265: 3251: 3233: 3215: 3197: 3177: 3159: 3150: 3141: 3123: 3105: 3087: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3056: 3047: 3038: 3027: 3016: 3008: 3006: 3004: 2985: 2976: 2958: 2940: 2917: 2899: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2868: 2859: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2828: 2819: 2801: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2770: 2761: 2735: 2734: 2723: 2717: 2716: 2705: 2699: 2698: 2687: 2681: 2678: 2672: 2669: 2660: 2659: 2648: 2642: 2635: 2629: 2622: 2616: 2609: 2603: 2596: 2590: 2583: 2577: 2570: 2564: 2557: 2551: 2544: 2538: 2531: 2525: 2518: 2512: 2505: 2499: 2492: 2486: 2479: 2473: 2466: 2460: 2453: 2447: 2440: 2434: 2427: 2421: 2414: 2408: 2401: 2395: 2388: 2382: 2375: 2369: 2359: 2353: 2346: 2340: 2333: 2327: 2321: 2315: 2308: 2302: 2295: 2289: 2282: 2276: 2269: 2263: 2256: 2250: 2243: 2237: 2230: 2224: 2217: 2211: 2204: 2195: 2188: 2182: 2175: 2169: 2162: 2156: 2145: 2139: 2132: 2126: 2125: 2114: 2108: 2101: 2092: 2085: 2079: 2072: 2061: 2054: 2045: 2038: 2032: 2025: 2019: 2012: 2006: 1999: 1993: 1992: 1981: 1975: 1968: 1962: 1955: 1946: 1939: 1933: 1926: 1920: 1913: 1907: 1900: 1883: 1876: 1870: 1863: 1857: 1850: 1844: 1837: 1828: 1821: 1815: 1808: 1802: 1795: 1789: 1782: 1776: 1769: 1763: 1756: 1750: 1743: 1737: 1730: 1724: 1717: 1711: 1704: 1698: 1691: 1685: 1678: 1672: 1665: 1659: 1652: 1646: 1639: 1633: 1626: 1620: 1613: 1205: 1204: 1190:Battle of Harlaw 1032:Gordon Donaldson 930:Family and issue 920:Flamborough Head 766: 729:Dundonald Castle 638: 616:Lord of Badenoch 591:Duke of Rothesay 580:earldom of Moray 477:heir presumptive 449:Duke of Rothesay 399:(1367–1390) and 219: 202: 200: 110: 44: 32: 21: 6063: 6062: 6058: 6057: 6056: 6054: 6053: 6052: 6013:Earls of Atholl 6008:House of Stuart 5993: 5992: 5991: 5986: 5976: 5950: 5913: 5862: 5857: 5827: 5822: 5805: 5732: 5708: 5673:Oliver Cromwell 5649: 5624: 5619: 5466:Constantine III 5375: 5200:Harold Harefoot 5190:Edmund Ironside 5101: 5096: and 5087: 5057: 5052: 5039: 5031: 4758: 4751: 4707:Constantine (I) 4587:Galam Cennalath 4523: 4516: 4511: 4481: 4468: 4453:1378–1394 4440: 4424: 4419:1404–1406 4409:1389–1404 4396: 4377: 4374:1378–1429 4353: 4348:1380–1422 4332: 4287: 4284: 4254: 4249: 4234: 4218:12th generation 4213: 4167:11th generation 4162: 4115:10th generation 4110: 4064: 4048: 4024: 3993: 3967: 3926: 3875: 3835: 3802:Katherine Logan 3758: 3744: 3738: 3704: 3680:Duke of Aubigny 3672:King of Ireland 3667:King of England 3630: 3625: 3591: 3582: 3561: 3553: 3538: 3529: 3526:Earl of Carrick 3509: 3500: 3492: 3475: 3466: 3458: 3437: 3431: 3430: 3423: 3391: 3382: 3369: 3364: 3351: 3342: 3334: 3332: 3311: 3302: 3294: 3292: 3271: 3263: 3261: 3254: 3249: 3236: 3231: 3218: 3213: 3200: 3195: 3180: 3175: 3162: 3153: 3144: 3139: 3126: 3121: 3108: 3103: 3090: 3081: 3073: 3071: 3050: 3041: 3036: 3019: 3010: 3002: 3000: 2979: 2974: 2961: 2956: 2943: 2938: 2920: 2902: 2893: 2885: 2883: 2862: 2853: 2845: 2843: 2822: 2817: 2804: 2795: 2787: 2785: 2764: 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1653: 1649: 1640: 1636: 1627: 1623: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1594: 1589: 1566:Murdoch Stewart 1199: 1125:Earl of Douglas 1088: 1024: 961:James I Stewart 932: 869: 841:Falkland Castle 788: 780:Bishop of Moray 776:Elgin Cathedral 768: 763:Elgin Cathedral 756: 750: 749: 741: 725:Murdoch Stewart 697: 640: 633: 607: 576:Earldom of Fife 501:Pope Clement VI 469: 401:Earl of Carrick 374: 367: 359: 351: 343: 335: 327: 316: 308: 300: 292: 284: 277: 276: 235: 213: 212: 204: 196: 192: 189: 176: 158:Rothesay Castle 156: 146: 133: 112: 111: 106: 50: 28: 23: 22: 18:King Robert III 15: 12: 11: 5: 6061: 6059: 6051: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6010: 6005: 5995: 5994: 5988: 5987: 5981: 5978: 5977: 5975: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5958: 5956: 5952: 5951: 5949: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5935:Robert de Brus 5932: 5930:Edward de Brus 5927: 5925:Robert de Brus 5921: 5919: 5915: 5914: 5912: 5911: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5870: 5868: 5864: 5863: 5858: 5856: 5855: 5848: 5841: 5833: 5824: 5823: 5821: 5820: 5814: 5811: 5810: 5807: 5806: 5804: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5737: 5734: 5733: 5731: 5730: 5721: 5714: 5713: 5710: 5709: 5707: 5706: 5701: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5681: 5680: 5675: 5665: 5660: 5654: 5651: 5650: 5648: 5647: 5637: 5630: 5629: 5626: 5625: 5621: 5620: 5618: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5569:Edward Balliol 5565: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5429:Constantine II 5426: 5421: 5414: 5407: 5400: 5393: 5386: 5378: 5376: 5374: 5373: 5368: 5357: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5256: 5251: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5221:Edgar Ætheling 5217: 5212: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5138: 5131: 5123: 5120: 5119: 5116: 5110: 5103: 5102: 5088: 5086: 5085: 5078: 5071: 5063: 5054: 5053: 5051: 5050: 5036: 5033: 5032: 5030: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4937: 4932: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4910: 4905: 4900: 4895: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4763: 4761: 4753: 4752: 4750: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4528: 4526: 4518: 4517: 4512: 4510: 4509: 4502: 4495: 4487: 4478: 4477: 4474: 4473: 4470: 4469: 4467: 4466: 4456: 4445: 4442: 4441: 4433: 4426: 4425: 4423: 4422: 4412: 4401: 4398: 4397: 4389: 4383: 4379: 4378: 4369:Western Schism 4366: 4359: 4358: 4355: 4354: 4352: 4351: 4340: 4338: 4334: 4333: 4331: 4330: 4320: 4310: 4299: 4297: 4289: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4282: 4275: 4268: 4260: 4251: 4250: 4243: 4240: 4239: 4236: 4235: 4233: 4232: 4227: 4221: 4219: 4215: 4214: 4212: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4170: 4168: 4164: 4163: 4161: 4160: 4155: 4150: 4147: 4142: 4137: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4118: 4116: 4112: 4111: 4109: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4072: 4070: 4069:9th generation 4066: 4065: 4063: 4062: 4056: 4054: 4053:8th generation 4050: 4049: 4047: 4046: 4041: 4038: 4032: 4030: 4029:7th generation 4026: 4025: 4023: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4001: 3999: 3998:6th generation 3995: 3994: 3992: 3991: 3986: 3981: 3975: 3973: 3972:5th generation 3969: 3968: 3966: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3934: 3932: 3931:4th generation 3928: 3927: 3925: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3883: 3881: 3880:3rd generation 3877: 3876: 3874: 3873: 3870: 3865: 3862: 3857: 3854: 3849: 3843: 3841: 3840:2nd generation 3837: 3836: 3834: 3833: 3828: 3823: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3800: 3797: 3792: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3772: 3766: 3764: 3763:1st generation 3760: 3759: 3752: 3746: 3740: 3739: 3737: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3721: 3718: 3712: 3710: 3706: 3705: 3703: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3676:Lord of Sticks 3674: 3669: 3664: 3662:Duke of Albany 3659: 3654: 3652:Duke of Lennox 3649: 3647:Earl of Lennox 3644: 3638: 3636: 3632: 3631: 3626: 3624: 3623: 3616: 3609: 3601: 3593: 3592: 3589:Robert Stewart 3587: 3584: 3575: 3569: 3568: 3563: 3554: 3551:Robert Stewart 3549: 3545: 3544: 3543:Court offices 3540: 3539: 3534: 3531: 3522: 3516: 3515: 3507: 3502: 3497:Earl of Atholl 3493: 3490:Robert Stewart 3488: 3484: 3483: 3477: 3476: 3471: 3468: 3459: 3454: 3450: 3449: 3448:Regnal titles 3445: 3444: 3424: 3421: 3416: 3415: 3401: 3390: 3389:External links 3387: 3386: 3385: 3380: 3367: 3362: 3349: 3309: 3269: 3252: 3247: 3234: 3229: 3216: 3211: 3198: 3193: 3178: 3173: 3160: 3151: 3142: 3137: 3124: 3119: 3106: 3101: 3088: 3048: 3039: 3034: 3017: 2977: 2972: 2959: 2954: 2941: 2936: 2918: 2900: 2860: 2820: 2815: 2802: 2762: 2757: 2742: 2739: 2737: 2736: 2718: 2700: 2682: 2673: 2661: 2643: 2630: 2617: 2604: 2591: 2578: 2565: 2552: 2539: 2537:, pp. 150–151. 2526: 2513: 2500: 2487: 2483:Scottish Kings 2474: 2470:Scottish Kings 2461: 2448: 2435: 2422: 2409: 2396: 2383: 2370: 2354: 2341: 2328: 2316: 2303: 2290: 2277: 2264: 2251: 2238: 2225: 2212: 2196: 2183: 2170: 2157: 2155:, pp. 112–116. 2140: 2127: 2109: 2093: 2091:, pp. 139, 142 2080: 2062: 2046: 2033: 2020: 2014:Oram, et al., 2007: 1994: 1976: 1963: 1947: 1934: 1921: 1908: 1884: 1871: 1858: 1845: 1829: 1816: 1803: 1790: 1777: 1764: 1751: 1738: 1725: 1712: 1699: 1686: 1673: 1660: 1647: 1634: 1621: 1607: 1605: 1602: 1601: 1600: 1593: 1590: 1586: 1584: 1583: 1581: 1579: 1577: 1575: 1570: 1568: 1563: 1561: 1556: 1554: 1549: 1546: 1545: 1543: 1541: 1539: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1531: 1529: 1527: 1525: 1523: 1521: 1519: 1517: 1515: 1513: 1511: 1509: 1507: 1505: 1503: 1501: 1499: 1497: 1495: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1485: 1483: 1481: 1479: 1477: 1472: 1470: 1465: 1463: 1461: 1459: 1454: 1452: 1450: 1447: 1446: 1444: 1442: 1440: 1438: 1436: 1434: 1432: 1430: 1428: 1426: 1424: 1422: 1419: 1418: 1416: 1414: 1412: 1410: 1408: 1406: 1404: 1402: 1400: 1398: 1396: 1394: 1392: 1390: 1388: 1386: 1384: 1382: 1380: 1377: 1375: 1374: 1372: 1367: 1365: 1363: 1361: 1359: 1357: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1347: 1345: 1343: 1341: 1339: 1337: 1335: 1333: 1331: 1329: 1327: 1325: 1322: 1320: 1319: 1317: 1312: 1310: 1308:Marjorie Bruce 1305: 1303: 1301: 1299: 1297: 1295: 1293: 1291: 1288: 1287: 1285: 1283: 1281: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1273: 1271: 1269: 1267: 1265: 1263: 1261: 1259: 1257: 1255: 1253: 1251: 1249: 1247: 1245: 1243: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1233: 1231: 1226: 1224: 1222: 1220: 1218: 1216: 1214: 1212: 1210: 1208: 1203: 1198: 1195: 1194: 1193: 1178: 1177: 1164:, and brother 1154: 1153: 1129: 1128: 1087: 1084: 1036:Scottish Kings 1023: 1022:Historiography 1020: 1019: 1018: 1015: 1004: 1003: 996: 993: 974: 967: 964: 958: 931: 928: 908:Firth of Forth 868: 865: 787: 784: 742: 740: 737: 708:Northumberland 695: 678:Jean de Vienne 650:Holyrood Abbey 624: 606: 603: 559:Firth of Clyde 481:Elizabeth Mure 468: 465: 453:Duke of Albany 409:Elizabeth Mure 405:King Robert II 397:Earl of Atholl 376: 375: 373: 372: 363: 361: 355: 353: 347: 345: 339: 337: 331: 329: 323: 321: 312: 310: 304: 302: 296: 294: 288: 286: 280: 274: 273: 272: 269: 268: 266:Elizabeth Mure 263: 259: 258: 253: 249: 248: 243: 237: 236: 234: 233: 228: 222: 220: 206: 205: 194: 190: 185: 184: 182: 178: 177: 172: 170: 166: 165: 153: 149: 148: 143: 139: 138: 135: 134: 132: 131: 125: 119: 105: 104: 103: 101: 97: 96: 91: 87: 86: 81: 77: 76: 75:14 August 1390 73: 67: 66: 63: 59: 58: 52: 51: 45: 37: 36: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6060: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 6000: 5998: 5979: 5973: 5972:James Stewart 5970: 5968: 5967:David Stewart 5965: 5963: 5960: 5959: 5957: 5955:Stewart earls 5953: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5941:David de Brus 5939: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5922: 5920: 5916: 5909: 5907: 5903: 5899: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5877: 5876: 5872: 5871: 5869: 5865: 5861: 5854: 5849: 5847: 5842: 5840: 5835: 5834: 5831: 5819: 5816: 5815: 5812: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5738: 5735: 5729: 5728: 5723: 5722: 5719: 5715: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5670: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5655: 5652: 5646: 5644: 5639: 5638: 5635: 5631: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5570: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5548: 5544: 5542: 5541:Alexander III 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5456: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5419: 5415: 5413: 5412: 5408: 5406: 5405: 5401: 5399: 5398: 5397:Constantine I 5394: 5392: 5391: 5387: 5385: 5384: 5380: 5379: 5377: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5366: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5355: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5278: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5261: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5249: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5222: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5185: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5143: 5139: 5137: 5136: 5132: 5130: 5129: 5125: 5124: 5122: 5121: 5117: 5114: 5113: 5108: 5104: 5099: 5095: 5091: 5084: 5079: 5077: 5072: 5070: 5065: 5064: 5061: 5047: 5043: 5038: 5037: 5034: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4942: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4930: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4918:Alexander III 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4764: 4762: 4760: 4759:(traditional) 4754: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4552:Galan Erilich 4550: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4529: 4527: 4525: 4524:(traditional) 4519: 4515: 4508: 4503: 4501: 4496: 4494: 4489: 4488: 4485: 4464: 4460: 4459:Benedict XIII 4457: 4454: 4450: 4447: 4446: 4443: 4439: 4431: 4420: 4416: 4413: 4410: 4406: 4403: 4402: 4399: 4395: 4387: 4384: 4380: 4375: 4371: 4370: 4364: 4360: 4349: 4345: 4342: 4341: 4339: 4335: 4328: 4324: 4321: 4318: 4314: 4311: 4308: 4304: 4301: 4300: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4281: 4276: 4274: 4269: 4267: 4262: 4261: 4258: 4248: 4247: 4241: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4222: 4220: 4216: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4171: 4169: 4165: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4120: 4119: 4117: 4113: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4073: 4071: 4067: 4061: 4058: 4057: 4055: 4051: 4045: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4033: 4031: 4027: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4003: 4002: 4000: 3996: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3976: 3974: 3970: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3935: 3933: 3929: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3885: 3884: 3882: 3878: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3855: 3853: 3850: 3848: 3845: 3844: 3842: 3838: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3824: 3822: 3819: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3767: 3765: 3761: 3756: 3750: 3747: 3741: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3713: 3711: 3707: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3695:Earl of March 3693: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3685:Earl of Moray 3683: 3681: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3645: 3643: 3640: 3639: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3622: 3617: 3615: 3610: 3608: 3603: 3602: 3599: 3590: 3581: 3580: 3574: 3570: 3567: 3564: 3562:c. 1371–1390 3560: 3559: 3552: 3546: 3541: 3537: 3536:David Stewart 3528: 3527: 3521: 3517: 3514: 3513: 3512:David Stewart 3506: 3499: 3498: 3491: 3485: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3465: 3464: 3463:King of Scots 3457: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3434: 3429: 3428: 3419: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3402: 3400: 3396: 3393: 3392: 3388: 3383: 3381:9780099539735 3377: 3373: 3368: 3365: 3363:0-7486-1110-X 3359: 3355: 3350: 3346: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3322: 3316: 3310: 3306: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3282: 3276: 3270: 3260: 3259: 3253: 3250: 3248:1-4058-4022-6 3244: 3240: 3235: 3232: 3230:0-85115-646-0 3226: 3222: 3217: 3214: 3212:0-7524-1991-9 3208: 3204: 3199: 3196: 3190: 3186: 3185: 3179: 3176: 3170: 3166: 3161: 3157: 3152: 3148: 3143: 3140: 3138:0-521-36290-3 3134: 3130: 3125: 3122: 3120:0-7131-6309-7 3116: 3112: 3107: 3104: 3102:0-415-08021-5 3098: 3095:, Routledge, 3094: 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2468:Donaldson, 2273:Border Fury 1869:, pp. 23–24 1814:, pp. 16–18 1667:Nicholson, 1641:Nicholson, 1628:Nicholson, 1619:, pp. 17–19 1197:Family tree 883:councilors 801:Red Douglas 761:written at 648:meeting at 568:John Dunbar 555:Scone Abbey 80:Predecessor 5997:Categories 5918:Bruce line 5776:Edward VII 5766:William IV 5756:George III 5685:Charles II 5580:Robert III 5526:Malcolm IV 5501:Donald III 5476:Malcolm II 5461:Kenneth II 5343:Henry VIII 5303:Richard II 5298:Edward III 5232:William II 5205:Harthacnut 5022:William II 5007:Charles II 4962:Robert III 4903:Malcolm IV 4883:Donald III 4873:Donald III 4848:Malcolm II 4833:Kenneth II 4742:Bridei VII 4697:Drest VIII 4642:Bridei III 4627:Talorgan I 4622:Talorc III 4602:Nechtan II 4567:Gartnait I 4344:Charles VI 4303:Richard II 4125:Charles II 3501:1367–1390 3395:Robert III 3347:required.) 3335:22 October 3307:required.) 3295:22 October 3275:"David II" 3086:required.) 3074:23 October 3015:required.) 2898:required.) 2858:required.) 2846:19 October 2800:required.) 2656:npg.org.uk 2637:Boardman, 2624:Boardman, 2611:Boardman, 2598:Boardman, 2429:Boardman, 2403:Boardman, 2390:Boardman, 2348:Boardman, 2335:Boardman, 2284:Boardman, 2258:Boardman, 2219:Boardman, 2206:Boardman, 2177:Innes, C. 2134:Boardman, 2087:Boardman, 2056:Boardman, 2027:Boardman, 1957:Boardman, 1904:Robert III 1902:Boardman, 1865:Boardman, 1852:Boardman, 1839:Boardman, 1810:Boardman, 1732:Boardman, 1719:Boardman, 1706:Boardman, 1693:Boardman, 1654:Boardman, 1615:Boardman, 1604:References 1170:Richard II 1135:(1976) by 1107:(1828) by 986:Kincardine 849:Richard II 682:Richard II 467:Early life 381:Robert III 164:, Scotland 71:Coronation 35:Robert III 5896:(with 1. 5791:George VI 5761:George IV 5751:George II 5663:Charles I 5645:from 1603 5595:James III 5575:Robert II 5531:William I 5506:Duncan II 5434:Malcolm I 5424:Donald II 5348:Edward VI 5338:Henry VII 5323:Edward IV 5293:Edward II 5283:Henry III 5266:Richard I 5227:William I 5148:Æthelstan 5012:James VII 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4687:Alpín II 4682:Ciniod I 4677:Bridei V 4672:Óengus I 4637:Drest VI 4592:Bridei I 4572:Cailtram 4562:Drest IV 4547:Drest II 4537:Talorc I 4313:Henry IV 4246:Category 4135:James II 4086:Margaret 3963:Margaret 3745:Stewarts 3709:Branches 2924:(1892), 2641:, p. 308 2628:, p. 305 2615:, p. 304 2576:, p. 140 2524:, p. 147 2511:, p. 137 2498:, p. 199 2446:, p. 134 2442:Penman, 2433:, p. 293 2394:, p. 291 2352:, p. 281 2339:, p. 255 2314:, p. 149 2301:, p. 362 2275:, p. 296 2271:Sadler, 2262:, p. 226 2249:, p. 361 2236:, p. 131 2232:Penman, 2194:, p. 146 2181:, p. 382 2168:, p. 174 2164:Dunbar, 2138:, p. 171 2060:, p. 135 2044:, p. 139 2018:, p. 126 1932:, p. 360 1882:, p. 130 1878:Penman, 1827:, p. 120 1823:Penman, 1801:, p. 128 1797:Penman, 1762:, p. 228 1749:, p. 141 1723:, p. 244 1684:, p. 131 1680:Penman, 1645:, p. 189 1632:, p. 185 1592:See also 1174:Henry IV 912:Balvenie 900:Ayrshire 853:Henry IV 733:Ayrshire 563:entailed 493:Robert I 489:David II 485:Marjorie 416:David II 108:See 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2950:ISBN 2932:ISBN 2911:OCLC 2888:2009 2848:2008 2811:ISBN 2790:2009 2753:ISBN 1172:and 1148:and 1049:and 620:Ross 618:and 475:and 407:and 365:1406 349:1402 341:1401 333:1399 325:1393 314:1390 306:1388 298:1384 290:1371 282:1363 152:Died 142:Born 5444:Dub 5404:Áed 4818:Dub 4782:Áed 3326:doi 3286:doi 3065:doi 2994:doi 2877:doi 2837:doi 2779:doi 851:by 731:in 706:in 495:. 5999:: 5982:¹ 5904:, 3318:. 3278:. 3057:. 2986:. 2869:. 2829:. 2771:. 2729:. 2711:. 2693:. 2664:^ 2654:. 2199:^ 2120:. 2096:^ 2065:^ 2049:^ 1987:. 1950:^ 1887:^ 1832:^ 1123:, 992:); 795:, 656:. 614:, 582:. 435:, 199:m. 160:, 5908:) 5878:¹ 5852:e 5845:t 5838:v 5082:e 5075:t 5068:v 5048:. 4506:e 4499:t 4492:v 4279:e 4272:t 4265:v 3620:e 3613:t 3606:v 3339:. 3328:: 3299:. 3288:: 3078:. 3067:: 3007:. 2996:: 2890:. 2879:: 2850:. 2839:: 2792:. 2781:: 2733:. 2715:. 2697:. 2658:. 2124:. 1991:. 1192:. 1014:; 20:)

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Robert III of Scotland

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