738:
snake is robust, with a head slightly wider than the body, prominent cheeks and small eyes with red-brown irises, and a dark tongue. The head is demarcated from the body by a slight neck. Scales on the upper-parts, flanks and tail are two tonedâpale or greenish yellow at the base and various shades of tan or copper, or all shades of brown from pale to blackish towards the rear. This gives the snake a reticulated pattern. The tail is often darker, while the crown is the same colour as the body. The belly is cream, white or salmon and can have orange marks.
405:
1321:
42:
730:
86:
218:
61:
717:-eater". The term "king brown" refers to the great size of individuals in the north and northwest of Australia, which can exceed 3 m (10 ft) in length; it is the largest and most dangerous elapid of those regions. In Southwest Australia, where the species is up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in), it is also known as the common mulga snake, distinguishing it from the spotted mulga snake
1463:(sorcery). Local sorcerers would cast a spell by inserting a potential victim's item of clothing in a hole in the rock or sharpening a stick and calling out their name while inserting it in the rock face. The victim would then perish. Only men descended from King Brown Snake Ancestor could be sorcerers, though others might hire them. Local people feared and avoided the location.
934:âactive at dusk, and is less active during the middle of the day and between midnight and dawn, retiring to crevices in the soil, old animal burrows, or under rocks or logs. During warmer months, its activity shifts to later after dusk and into the evening. Across its range, it is more active during the day in cooler climates and at night in hotter climates.
1337:
two hours did not prevent muscle damage in a review of treated snakebite victims. They add that it is reasonable to assume that if a snakebite victim had a raised aPTT and signs of haemolysis, then a king brown snake is the culprit. Shahab Razavi and colleagues add that more than one vial of antivenom might be needed if envenoming is severe.
1336:
is given, though the mainstay of treatment is the administration of the appropriate antivenom. Black-snake antivenom is used to treat bites from this species. Christopher
Johnston and colleagues propose giving antivenom immediately if king brown snake envenoming is suspected, as a delay of more than
741:
The colours of the snakes' upper parts and sides differ from area to area within their range; those from northern
Australia are tan, those from deserts in Central Australia have prominent white marks on each scale, giving a patterned appearance, and those from southern parts of its range are darker,
737:
Australia's largest venomous snake, the king brown snake can reach 2.0 to 2.5 m (6.6 to 8.2 ft) in length with a weight of 3 to 6 kg (6.6 to 13.2 lb), with males around 20% larger than females. The longest confirmed individual was 3.3 m (11 ft) in length. The king brown
700:
pointed out that the name "king brown snake" is a problem, as its venom is not neutralised by brown snake antivenom, which could endanger snake bite victims; he recommended dropping the name and the old term "Darwin brown snake", and using "mulga snake", instead. Further complicating the issue, the
1135:
antivenom for treatment of king brown snake envenomation. Before this it had been confirmed in one fatality and suspected in another in the early 1960s. Venomous snakes normally only bite humans when disturbed. King brown snakes have been noted, however, to bite people who were asleep at the time.
1404:
to indigenous people of East Arnhem land, the king brown snake was historically responsible for deaths there. Folk treatment involved capturing the snake and watching it bleed, which would supposedly make the victim recover. If the snake were killed, its victim would die also. Another folk remedy
1147:
has been recorded. In 1998, a person bitten 9â12 times on his arm required an amputation of the envenomed limb. He reported later that he had impulsively decided to commit suicide by placing his hand in a bag with a king brown snake inside and stirring it up. A large king brown snake delivers on
701:
term "king brown snake" has been applied to any large brown snake. Australian snake expert Glenn Shea has also pointed out that "mulga snake" has issues in that the species lives in a wide range of habitats in addition to mulga. It has also been called the "Pilbara cobra". Australian zoologist
958:, averaging around 10, with longer females laying larger clutches, generally 39 to 45 days after mating has taken place. Eggs take about 70 to 100 days to hatch. The incubating temperature has been recorded as between 22 and 32 °C (72 and 90 °F). The eggs average 40.1 mm (
646:
IV contained two dwarf forms from northwestern
Queensland and the Northern Territory, each of which was likely to be a distinct species. In 2017, British herpetologist Simon Maddock and colleagues published a genetic analysis using mitochondrial DNA on the genus, and confirmed
348:
in 1842, it is a robust snake up to 3.3 m (11 ft) long. It is variable in appearance, with individuals from northern
Australia having tan upper parts, while those from southern Australia are dark brown to blackish. Sometimes, it is seen in a reddish-green texture. The
1345:
King brown snakes are readily available in
Australia via breeding in captivity. They are regarded as straightforward to keep, due to the low likelihood of biting and relatively low toxicity of their venom, though the potentially large amount injected makes it more hazardous.
1118:
The king brown snake accounted for 4% of identified snakebites in
Australia between 2005 and 2015, with no deaths recorded. The last recorded death occurred in 1969, when a 20-year-old man was bitten while reaching around for a packet of cigarettes under his bed in
1331:
Standard first-aid treatment for any suspected bite from a venomous snake uses a pressure bandage to the bite site. The victims should move as little as possible and be conveyed to a hospital or clinic, where they should be monitored for at least 24 hours. The
1234:
hazardous to striated muscles and kidney cells. Toxic effects are proportional to the amount of venom in the victim. Nonspecific symptoms of poisoning are common and include nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, generalized sweating
2357:
3222:
Razavi, S., Weinstein, S. A., Bates, D. J., Alfred, S., & White, J. (2014). The
Australian mulga snake (Pseudechis australis: Elapidae): Report of a large case series of bites and review of current knowledge. Toxicon, 85,
1585:
Razavi, S., Weinstein, S. A., Bates, D. J., Alfred, S., & White, J. (2014). The
Australian mulga snake (Pseudechis australis: Elapidae): Report of a large case series of bites and review of current knowledge. Toxicon, 85,
1136:
Furthermore, a significant number of victims have been snake handlers. These have resulted in a high proportion of bites occurring on upper limbs. The king brown snake is classified as a snake of medical importance by the
1266:
enzymes, which have diverse effects that are commonly found in snake venoms. These proteins are directly toxic on muscle tissue due to their sheer volume in the venom, and are destructive to cell membranes and liberate
558:
in 1977, distinguishing it on the basis of a narrow head; however, the distinction was not supported by other authors. Two new species and a new genus have been described within this complex by
Australian snake-handler
766:
The number and arrangement of scales on a snake's body are key elements of identification to species level. The king brown snake has 17 rows of dorsal scales at mid-body, 185 to 225 ventral scales, 50 to 75
1275:(a precursor in inflammatory response). Their venom can lead to rhabdomyolysis. Despite containing a number of agents with phospholipase A2 activity, king brown snake venom exhibits little neurotoxicity.
1110:
floodplain in the
Northern Territory did not show a decline in king brown snake numbers, though this could have been coincidental; the population of this species had already declined in the region.
3111:
2391:
2655:
Brown, Gregory P.; Phillips, Benjamin L.; Shine, Richard (2011). "The ecological impact of invasive cane toads on tropical snakes: Field data do not support laboratory-based predictions".
1164:
mg at three, four, and five months after the first milking. This record was broken in 2016, when a king brown snake named "Chewie"âalso 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) longâproduced 1500
3842:
1781:
912:
They are often observed at modified habitats such as wheat fields, rubbish piles, and vacated buildings; individuals may become trapped in mine shafts and wellbores. Fieldwork near
1143:
The king brown snake can bite repeatedly and chew to envenomate a victim. Considerable pain, swelling, and tissue damage often occur at the site of a king brown snake bite. Local
942:
The breeding season begins with males engaging in wrestling combat, each attempting to push the other over for the right to mate with a female. Mating followsâin the early
1358:
according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Small snakes may be eaten by birds of prey. In contrast, old snakes are frequently infested with ticks.
1488:
Snakes of Medical Importance include those with highly dangerous venom resulting in high rates of morbidity and mortality, or those that are common agents in snakebite.
2885:
2471:
1773:
909:
or sandy deserts nearly devoid of vegetation. Within the arid to semiarid parts of their range, however, they prefer areas of greater moisture such as watercourses.
603:
by Wells and Wellington in 1987). These descriptions were initially received with skepticism due to the low level of evidence provided in the original descriptions.
3759:
1188:). In a laboratory experiment on mice, not only did the king brown snake inject far more venom than other species of dangerous snake, very little of its venom (0.07
376:
is not as potent as those of Australia's other dangerous snakes, but can still cause severe effects if delivered in large enough quantities. Its main effect is on
362:
3798:
3031:) envenoming: a spectrum of myotoxicity, anticoagulant coagulopathy, haemolysis and the role of early antivenom therapyâAustralian Snakebite Project (ASP-19)".
1428:. The Kurulk clan would not collect white paint from a site in the wet season, as they believed it was the snake's faeces, and they were afraid of its anger.
3877:
392:, at the bite site. Deaths from its bites have been recorded, with the most recent being in 1969. Its victims are treated with black snake (not brown snake)
3236:
Georgieva, Dessislava; Seifert, Jana; öHler, Michaela; von Bergen, Martin; Spencer, Patrick; Arni, Raghuvir K.; Genov, Nicolay; Betzel, Christian (2011).
3027:
Johnston, C. I.; Brown, S. G. A.; O'Leary, M. A.; Currie, B. J.; Greenberg, R.; Taylor, M.; Barnes, C.; White, J.; Isbister, G. K. (2013). "Mulga snake (
2706:
Johnston, Christopher I.; Ryan, Nicole M.; Page, Colin B.; Buckley, Nicholas A.; Brown, Simon G. A.; O'Leary, Margaret A.; Isbister, Geoffrey K. (2017).
1300:), which makes the environment less hospitable for bacteria and hence has an antibiotic effect. Pseudechetoxin and pseudecin are two proteins that block
3501:"'Who do you want to kill?' Affectual and relational understandings at a sorcery rock art site in the southwest Gulf of Carpentaria, northern Australia"
2402:
1916:
3733:
1301:
3912:
3772:
3902:
3075:
1099:. Specimens in captivity have been observed eating their own faeces. It is opportunistic, eating a higher proportion of frogs in wetter areas.
353:
are two-toned, sometimes giving the snake a patterned appearance. Its underside is cream or white, often with orange splotches. The species is
3582:
3563:
3483:
3394:
2592:
2438:
1244:
3892:
1397:
people in northeastern Arnhem Land, King Brown Snake is the Ngurruyurrtjurr ancestor, and its homeland is Flinders Point in Arnhem Land.
3907:
1521:
2838:
Rowlands, J. B.; Mastaglia, F. L.; Kakulas, B, A.; Hainsworth, D. (1969). "Clinical and pathological aspects of a fatal case of mulga (
946:
in southwest Western Australia, mid-spring in the Eyre Peninsula, and with the wet season in the north of the country. The species is
2707:
2240:
Shine, Richard (1987). "The Evolution of Viviparity: Ecological Correlates of Reproductive Mode within a Genus of Australian Snakes (
3601:
3137:
Morrison, J.J.; Pearn, J.H.; Charles, N.T.; Coulter, A.R. (1983). "Further studies on the mass of venom injected by elapid snakes".
2211:
3473:
1880:
3308:
GutiĂ©rrez, JosĂ© MarĂa; Calvete, Juan J.; Habib, Abdulrazaq G.; Harrison, Robert A.; Williams, David J.; Warrell, David A. (2017).
550:, so these features did not support separate species. Australian herpetologists Richard W. Wells and C. Ross Wellington described
1881:"Taxonomic contributions in the "amateur" literature: comments on recent descriptions of new genera and species by Raymond Hoser"
1120:
2497:
Mcdonald, Peter James; Luck, Gary W. (2013). "Density of an environmental weed predicts the occurrence of the king brown snake (
3897:
3180:
Broad, A. J.; Sutherland, S. K.; Coulter, A. R. (1979). "The lethality in mice of dangerous Australian and other snake venom".
323:. The king brown snake is the largest terrestrial venomous snake in Australia. Despite its common name, it is a member of the
3777:
1567:. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Australian Government
3237:
1790:
1095:. The species has been reported eating roadkill, as well as the sloughed skins of other reptiles, and is known to exhibit
1860:
Wells, R. W.; Wellington, C. R. (1987). "A new species of proteroglyphous snake (Serpentes: Oxyuranidae) from Australia".
639:
3887:
2108:
1092:
3681:
2791:
Razavi, Shahab; Weinstein, Scott A.; Bates, David J.; Alfred, Sam; White, Julian (2014). "The Australian mulga snake (
1044:
534:
In 1955, Australian herpetologist Roy Mackay concluded that several species previously described were synonymous with
1991:
Maddock, Simon T.; Childerstone, Aaron; Fry, Byan Greig; Williams, David J.; Barlow, Axel; WĂŒster, Wolfgang (2017).
527:
on the basis of it having anteriorly grooved palatine and pterygoid teeth, and having blunt ridges and keels on the
85:
1309:
404:
3360:
3309:
3803:
2113:
1137:
564:
1247:(aPTT). Symptoms of myotoxicity (muscle damage) include muscle pain and weakness in the presence of an elevated
1106:
and have died after eating them. Despite this, field research before and after the arrival of cane toads to the
3699:
3659:
2974:
922:), a common introduced weed in Central Australia, possibly because of the dense, year-round cover it provides.
580:
504:
1325:
1169:
1153:
1103:
1052:
865:
836:. It has become rare or vanished from parts of coastal Queensland. The eastern limit of its range runs from
476:
449:
1459:âancestral spirit men. Angrily, he bit the rocks, which became tainted and poisonous, and an instrument of
3621:
1152:
mg of venom in one bite. A 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) long king brown snake milked by snake handler
622:
I (a New Guinea lineage of smaller snakes) diverged from the rest between six and four million years ago (
377:
1131:
antivenin, yet died in 37 hours despite this medical attention. This incident led to the introduction of
2879:
1355:
837:
358:
312:
190:
2299:
1535:
1512:
1320:
546:
had frontal scales of variable shape, and that grooves were present on the teeth of many specimens of
3720:
3668:
3189:
3146:
2804:
2664:
2008:
1935:
1284:
1279:
1197:
829:
512:
464:
3086:
3882:
3242:
venomics: Adaptation for a defense against microbial pathogens and recruitment of body transferrin"
1967:
780:
690:
50:
3532:
554:
in 1985 from a 1.3 m (4 ft 3 in) specimen collected 8 km (5 mi) north of
435:) in his single preserved specimenâexcepting the variation in ocular platesâand assigned the name
3427:
3342:
3056:
2924:
2867:
2748:
2688:
2637:
2261:
2177:
2090:
1959:
1682:. Vol. 3. London: British Museum (Natural History). Department of Zoology. pp. 329â330.
1209:
1132:
771:(all undivided, or anterior ones undivided and posterior divided, or all divided), and a divided
673:
424:
230:
80:
2942:
982: in) in width and weigh 13.1 g (0.46 oz) each. Baby snakes average 22.6 cm (
3764:
41:
3824:
3790:
3707:
3597:
3578:
3559:
3479:
3390:
3334:
3264:
3205:
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3048:
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2207:
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2024:
1951:
1201:
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611:
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440:
320:
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2072:
2016:
1943:
1727:
1635:
1596:
1556:
1530:
1468:
1455:âwas sleeping about 1.5 km (0.93 mi) north of the lagoon when it was disturbed by
1452:
1263:
1172:. The volume of venom produced in laboratories is equivalent to the amounts produced by the
1036:
768:
416:
345:
207:
2061:"The distribution and identification of dangerously venomous Australian terrestrial snakes"
3811:
2975:"Guidelines for the production, control and regulation of snake antivenom immunoglobulins"
2756:
2139:
The Snakes of Australia: An Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of All the Known Species
1333:
1289:
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943:
869:
341:
3193:
3150:
2855:
2808:
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2143:
2012:
1939:
1895:
1601:"Description of some hitherto unrecorded species of Australian reptiles and batrachians"
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2060:
1731:
1224:
1107:
1016:
813:
729:
627:
508:
444:
428:
420:
217:
2795:: Elapidae): Report of a large case series of bites and review of current knowledge".
1915:
Kuch, Ulrich; Keogh, J. Scott; Weigel, John; Smith, Laurie A.; Mebs, Dietrich (2005).
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350:
70:
65:
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1963:
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1436:
1272:
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1240:
1236:
1181:
805:
797:
623:
610:
and highly variable until German biologist Ulrich Kuch and colleagues analysed the
496:
484:
385:
3389:. Crawley, Western Australia: University of Western Australia Press. p. 127.
2816:
3044:
2173:
3746:
3653:
3272:
2947:
2020:
1993:"Multi-locus phylogeny and species delimitation of Australo-Papuan blacksnakes (
1746:
1694:
1677:
1624:"Third account of new species of snakes in the collection of the British Museum"
1623:
1600:
1413:, or immaterial form, of a snake, then the person would die, as the victim of a
1375:
1293:
1128:
1124:
1096:
931:
776:
747:
516:
2160:
Turpin, Myfany (2013). "Semantic Extension in Kaytetye Flora and Fauna Terms".
2137:
1654:
742:
even blackish. In Western Australia, king brown snakes south of a line through
2362:(Serpentes:Elapidae) in Western Australia and description of a new species of
1947:
1639:
1432:
1252:
1173:
951:
873:
861:
853:
792:
772:
755:
751:
743:
714:
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of specimens across its range in 2005. They recovered four distinct lineages (
588:
576:
459:
409:
333:
328:
167:
3644:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2333:
1370:
marks the site of the battle between two Central Australian ancestral beings
3517:
3500:
3410:
Webb, T. Theodor (1933). "Aboriginal Medical Practice in East Arnhem Land".
1421:
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97:
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2824:
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2735:
2684:
2633:
2086:
2028:
1955:
3816:
3166:
2863:
1921:) reveals Pliocene divergence and Pleistocene dispersal of a top predator"
999:
King brown snakes have been reported to live up to 25 years in captivity.
634:
II corresponded to a lineage of large snakes found across Australia, clade
17:
3638:
3329:
3209:
1406:
1231:
1144:
1032:
899:
888:
877:
833:
389:
316:
157:
137:
117:
3431:
2726:
1628:
The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology
1278:
The venom has multiple proteins with antibiotic activity, including two
733:
Adult snake with prominent two-toned scales giving a reticulated pattern
471:
in 1878, from a more slender specimen that he thought was distinct from
3738:
2265:
1838:
1444:
1409:
leaf onto the victim sitting by a campfire. If the smoke resembled the
1282:(LAO1 and LAO2) that exhibit activity against the pathogenic bacterium
841:
127:
3260:
2676:
2608:
Shine, Richard (2010). "The Ecological Impact of Invasive Cane Toads (
1815:
3751:
3694:
1710:
Thomson, Donald F. (1933). "Notes on Australian Snakes of the Genera
1439:
in the Northern Territory. Here the King Brown Snake Ancestral Beingâ
1394:
1305:
1256:
1076:
1072:
1028:
1012:
996: in) in length and weigh 9.4 g (0.33 oz) on hatching.
906:
511:
obtained a skull of a large specimen with a wide head collected from
107:
3615:
3596:(2nd ed.). South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press.
3575:
Australia's Dangerous Snakes: Identification, Biology and Envenoming
3005:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2257:
1992:
1123:. The man was treated over two days, with twice daily injections of
790:
The king brown snake can be confused with brown snakes of the genus
2625:
2585:
A Guide ToâAustralian Snakes in Captivity: Elapids & Colubrids
1367:
1319:
1024:
1020:
881:
864:
in South Australia. The southwestern limit of its range runs from
728:
615:
539:
403:
373:
324:
147:
2943:"Your Next Nightmare: Venomous Snake Bites People in Their Sleep"
1879:
WĂŒster, W.; Bush, B.; Keogh, J.S.; O'Shea, M.; Shine, R. (2001).
1466:
The title character picks up a king brown snake in the 1986 film
1431:
Kurrmurnnyini is a lagoon and complex of sandstone outcrops near
3725:
3446:
3112:"2.5m-long king brown snake sets new mark from a single milking"
2587:. Burleigh, Queensland: Reptile Publications. pp. 222â228.
1205:
1008:
447:
recognised an affinity with the Australian species described as
3619:
3387:
Melodies of Mourning: Music & Emotion in Northern Australia
1679:
Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History)
439:. On obtaining a second specimen from the College of Surgeons,
3558:. Chipping Norton, New South Wales: Surrey Beatty & Sons.
2202:
Browne-Cooper, R.; Bush, B.; Maryan, B.; Robinson, D. (2007).
1839:"A New Species of Snake (Serpentes: Elapidae) from Irian Jaya"
1816:"A new snake from Queensland, Australia (Serpentes: Elapidae)"
1755:
Proceedings of the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales
1424:
country in West Arnhem Land, the king brown snake is known as
828:
King brown snakes occur in all states of Australia except for
384:
from muscle damage, and also commonly affects blood clotting (
1288:, which is commonly present in frogs. Also present are three
3573:
Mirtschin, Peter; Rasmussen, Arne; Weinstein, Scott (2017).
2204:
Reptiles and frogs in the bush : southwestern Australia
1774:"A classification of the Amphibia and Reptilia of Australia"
1386:
avenged the death of her nephew, who was fatally speared by
3295:
2458:
2343:
2206:. University of Western Australia Press. pp. 259â260.
630:), with the other three diverging in the Pleistocene. Clade
1007:
The king brown snake is a generalist predator, preying on
1555:
Australian Biological Resources Study (11 January 2017).
388:). Often, extensive pain and swelling occur, rarely with
3478:. Oxford, United Kingdom: Clarendon Press. p. 59.
3475:
Seeing the Inside: Bark Painting in Western Arnhem Land
2708:"The Australian Snakebite Project, 2005â2015 (ASP-20)"
1782:
Australian Journal of Herpetology, Supplemental Series
887:
King brown snakes are habitat generalists, inhabiting
779:
scale (both above the snake's mouth) are fused in the
495:
by the shape of the frontal scale. Austrian zoologist
2433:. Melbourne, Victoria: Csiro Publishing. p. 68.
1659:
Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales
415:
The species was first described by English zoologist
2973:
WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization.
2899:
Trinca, G. F. (1963). "The treatment of snakebite".
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
1230:
The main toxic agents of king brown snake venom are
3628:
1243:) is common, and can be diagnosed with an elevated
3009:
2041:
1655:"Notes on a collection of snakes from Port Darwin"
1405:involved blowing smoke through a hollow branch or
365:, though may have declined with the spread of the
1917:"Phylogeography of Australia's king brown snake (
1536:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T42493195A42493211.en
916:showed that they prefer areas with buffel grass (
705:called it the orange-bellied brown snake. In the
667:III is an as yet unnamed dwarf species, and clade
3592:Sutherland, Struan K.; Tibballs, James (2001) .
1262:A major component of king brown snake venom are
340:, although it lives in many habitats apart from
2401:. Government of South Australia. Archived from
1772:Wells, Richard W.; Wellington, C. Ross (1985).
1720:Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London
3556:The Biology and Evolution of Australian Snakes
3505:Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
3231:
3229:
2117:. Northern Territory Government. 20 March 2018
868:in South Australia, west through the northern
363:International Union for Conservation of Nature
3577:. Clayton South, Victoria: Csiro Publishing.
3022:
3020:
3018:
2478:. The State of Queensland (Queensland Museum)
1699:. Vol. 2. Jena, G. Fischer. p. 258.
1622:GĂŒnther, Albert Carl Ludwig Gotthilf (1863).
1255:activity, and some patients get a short-term
332:(black snakes) and only distantly related to
8:
2884:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2142:. South Africa: Government Printer. p.
709:spoken in Central Australia, it is known as
538:, recognising that it was a highly variable
3076:"How I Let a King Brown Bite Me Nine Times"
2786:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2578:
2576:
1354:The king brown snake is considered to be a
775:. The temporolabial scale and last (sixth)
483:in 1896 from a specimen collected from the
3616:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
1390:, by striking him with her digging stick.
1204:rather than saline alone, the venom has a
1196:mg) was left on the skin. When using 0.1%
453:, resulting in the current combination as
216:
59:
40:
31:
27:Highly venomous snake native to Australia
3516:
3499:Brady, Liam M.; Bradley, John J. (2016).
3328:
3296:Mirtschin, Rasmussen & Weinstein 2017
2734:
2459:Mirtschin, Rasmussen & Weinstein 2017
2344:Mirtschin, Rasmussen & Weinstein 2017
2076:
2054:
2052:
2050:
1910:
1908:
1534:
954:. Females produce a clutch of four to 19
840:in central Queensland, and south through
3453:. Bininj Kunwok Regional Language Centre
2390:Hutchinson, Mark; Williams, Ian (2018).
2373:Records of the Western Australian Museum
787:) but separate in the king brown snake.
1501:
1481:
427:. Gray saw little distinction from the
344:. First described by English zoologist
245:
3116:Central Coast Gosford Express Advocate
2968:
2966:
2877:
2392:"Key to the Snakes of South Australia"
1507:
1505:
1251:(CK). King brown snake venom has some
2567:
2555:
2543:
2531:
2519:
2430:Living with Snakes and Other Reptiles
2324:
2298:Beatson, Cecilie (25 November 2018).
2293:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2001:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1550:
1548:
1546:
1393:Among the Djambarrpuyngu clan of the
1245:activated partial thromboplastin time
972: in) in length by 22.9 mm (
419:in 1842 from a specimen collected at
336:. Its alternative common name is the
7:
1302:cyclic nucleotideâgated ion channels
1239:), and headache. Impaired clotting (
758:are significantly darker in colour.
3878:IUCN Red List least concern species
2856:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1969.tb117007.x
1997:Wagler, 1830: Elapidae: Serpentes)"
1522:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1102:King brown snakes are sensitive to
591:. Hoser later also resurrected the
319:, native to northern, western, and
225:Range of king brown snake (in red)
3424:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1933.tb00089.x
2913:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1963.tb27211.x
2078:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1999.tb12947.x
1732:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1933.tb01629.x
523:in 1933. He distinguished it from
408:King brown snake on roadside near
357:. The snake is considered to be a
25:
3074:Adlam, Nigel (13 February 2009).
2162:Australian Journal of Linguistics
1676:Boulenger, George Albert (1896).
606:The species was long regarded as
463:. Scottish-Australian naturalist
1296:; transferrin binds serum iron (
1121:Three Springs, Western Australia
84:
3451:Bininj Kunwok Online Dictionary
2614:The Quarterly Review of Biology
950:, with one unverified claim of
930:The king brown snake is mostly
880:and on coastal plains north of
507:in 1909. Australian naturalist
3913:Taxa named by John Edward Gray
3317:Nature Reviews Disease Primers
3010:Sutherland & Tibballs 2001
2042:Sutherland & Tibballs 2001
1653:Macleay, William John (1878).
1529:. e.T42493195A42493211. 2017.
1382:(king brown snake man). Here,
1160:mg, and then 580, 920, and 780
696:Australian medical researcher
638:III was a dwarf form from the
1:
3903:Reptiles of Western Australia
2817:10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.04.003
2065:Australian Veterinary Journal
1696:Die Fauna SĂŒdwest-Australiens
1304:, including those present in
1271:(involved in cell lysis) and
3249:Journal of Proteome Research
3202:10.1016/0041-0101(79)90245-9
3159:10.1016/0041-0101(83)90012-0
3045:10.3109/15563650.2013.787535
2901:Medical Journal of Australia
2844:Medical Journal of Australia
2715:Medical Journal of Australia
2174:10.1080/07268602.2013.857571
685:was most closely related to
681:. They also determined that
475:. Belgian-British zoologist
291:Wells & Wellington, 1985
3893:Reptiles of New South Wales
3361:"The Kuniya and Liru story"
2982:WHO Technical Report Series
2021:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.09.005
1565:Australian Faunal Directory
1049:Brachyurophis semifasciatus
1045:southern shovel-nosed snake
812:), spotted mulga snake, or
3929:
3908:Reptiles described in 1842
1745:Mackay, Roy D. (1953â54).
1310:olfactory receptor neurons
944:Southern Hemisphere spring
599:, originally described as
2501:) in central Australia".
2114:Alice Springs Desert Park
1948:10.1007/s00114-004-0602-0
1747:"A revision of the genus
1640:10.1080/00222936308681536
1223:mg/lb) when administered
1138:World Health Organization
1031:, other snakes including
565:eastern dwarf mulga snake
457:in the black snake genus
236:
229:
224:
215:
196:
189:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
34:
3594:Australian Animal Toxins
3554:Greer, Allen E. (1997).
3533:"Crocodile Dundeeâ00:21"
2427:Watharow, Simon (2011).
1862:Australian Herpetologist
1350:Conservation and threats
1324:King brown snake at the
824:Distribution and habitat
581:Papuan pygmy mulga snake
521:Pseudechis platycephalus
505:Eradu, Western Australia
501:Pseudechis denisonioides
272:Pseudechis platycephalus
3518:10.1111/1467-9655.12495
3385:Magowan, Fiona (2007).
2399:South Australian Museum
2136:Krefft, Gerard (1869).
2059:Shea, Glenn M. (1999).
1837:Hoser, Raymond (2000).
1814:Hoser, Raymond (1998).
1789:: 1â61 . Archived from
1366:Mutitjulu Waterhole at
1326:Armadale Reptile Centre
1257:fall in red blood cells
1170:Australian Reptile Park
820:) where they co-occur.
477:George Albert Boulenger
469:Pseudechis darwiniensis
450:Pseudechis porphyriacus
256:Pseudechis darwiniensis
3898:Reptiles of Queensland
3310:"Snakebite envenoming"
3085:(2): 4. Archived from
2583:Eipper, Scott (2012).
2503:Herpetological Journal
1888:Litteratura Serpentium
1843:Litteratura Serpentium
1693:Werner, Franz (1909).
1328:
1083:. and spiders such as
1065:Elapognathus coronatus
734:
412:
378:striated muscle tissue
3472:Taylor, Luke (1996).
2476:Animals of Queensland
1605:Zoological Miscellany
1356:least-concern species
1323:
1280:L-amino-acid oxidases
818:Oxyuranus scutellatus
732:
579:, Australia, and the
407:
359:least-concern species
313:highly venomous snake
3700:pseudechis-australis
3687:Pseudechis_australis
3674:Pseudechis_australis
3660:Pseudechis australis
3630:Pseudechis australis
3330:10.1038/nrdp.2017.63
3240:Pseudechis australis
3029:Pseudechis australis
2840:Pseudechis australis
2793:Pseudechis australis
2499:Pseudechis australis
2360:Pseudechis australis
2356:Smith, L.A. (1982).
1919:Pseudechis australis
1894:: 67. Archived from
1559:Pseudechis australis
1515:Pseudechis australis
1435:in the southwestern
1285:Aeromonas hydrophila
1208:median lethal dose (
1198:bovine serum albumin
1053:Gould's hooded snake
1035:, brown snakes, the
856:and the vicinity of
513:East Alligator River
455:Pseudechis australis
308:Pseudechis australis
200:Pseudechis australis
3888:Snakes of Australia
3194:1979Txcn...17..661B
3151:1983Txcn...21..279M
3033:Clinical Toxicology
2809:2014Txcn...85...17R
2727:10.5694/mja17.00094
2669:2011Ecol...92..422B
2306:. Australian Museum
2013:2017MolPE.107...48M
1940:2005NW.....92..121K
1928:Naturwissenschaften
1308:photoreceptors and
1168:mg of venom at the
1091:, and the infamous
860:and then across to
785:Pseudonaja textilis
781:eastern brown snake
691:spotted mulga snake
519:in 1914, naming it
51:Conservation status
1329:
1178:Ophiophagus hannah
1133:Papuan black snake
1127:, brown snake and
1093:funnel-web spiders
735:
719:Pseudechis butleri
711:atetherr-ayne-wene
425:Northern Territory
413:
311:) is a species of
264:Pseudechis cupreus
3863:
3862:
3825:Open Tree of Life
3622:Taxon identifiers
3584:978-0-643-10674-1
3565:978-0-949324-68-9
3485:978-0-19-823354-1
3396:978-0-85255-992-5
3261:10.1021/pr101248e
2677:10.1890/10-0536.1
2612:) in Australia".
2594:978-0-98-724478-9
2440:978-0-643-10381-8
1597:Gray, John Edward
1067:), birds such as
1041:Boiga irregularis
919:Cenchrus ciliaris
707:Kaytetye language
698:Struan Sutherland
612:mitochondrial DNA
593:pygmy mulga snake
487:, distinguishing
361:according to the
334:true brown snakes
321:Central Australia
299:
298:
292:
284:
280:Denisonia brunnea
276:
268:
260:
252:
242:
182:P. australis
74:
35:King brown snake
16:(Redirected from
3920:
3856:
3855:
3846:
3845:
3833:
3832:
3820:
3819:
3807:
3806:
3794:
3793:
3781:
3780:
3768:
3767:
3755:
3754:
3742:
3741:
3729:
3728:
3716:
3715:
3703:
3702:
3690:
3689:
3677:
3676:
3664:
3663:
3662:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3617:
3607:
3588:
3569:
3541:
3540:
3529:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3496:
3490:
3489:
3469:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3382:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3332:
3314:
3305:
3299:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3277:
3271:. Archived from
3255:(5): 2440â2464.
3246:
3233:
3224:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3177:
3171:
3170:
3134:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3091:
3080:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3024:
3013:
3007:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2979:
2970:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2883:
2875:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2788:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2761:
2755:. Archived from
2738:
2712:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2580:
2571:
2565:
2559:
2553:
2547:
2541:
2535:
2529:
2523:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2468:
2462:
2456:
2445:
2444:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2407:
2396:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2370:
2353:
2347:
2341:
2328:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2295:
2270:
2269:
2237:
2218:
2217:
2199:
2186:
2185:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2080:
2056:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2032:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1972:
1966:. Archived from
1925:
1912:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1885:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1795:
1778:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1634:(71): 348â365 .
1619:
1613:
1612:
1593:
1587:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1552:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1509:
1489:
1486:
1469:Crocodile Dundee
1290:protein isoforms
1264:phospholipase A2
1222:
1218:
1195:
1191:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1151:
1104:cane toad toxins
1057:Parasuta gouldii
1037:brown tree snake
1015:including small
995:
994:
990:
987:
981:
980:
976:
971:
970:
966:
963:
802:Liasis olivaceus
769:subcaudal scales
670:
666:
658:
650:
645:
637:
633:
621:
552:Cannia centralis
542:. He noted that
417:John Edward Gray
346:John Edward Gray
303:king brown snake
290:
288:Cannia centralis
282:
274:
266:
258:
250:
240:
220:
202:
89:
88:
68:
63:
62:
44:
32:
21:
3928:
3927:
3923:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3917:
3868:
3867:
3864:
3859:
3851:
3849:
3841:
3836:
3828:
3823:
3815:
3812:Observation.org
3810:
3802:
3797:
3789:
3784:
3776:
3771:
3763:
3758:
3750:
3745:
3737:
3732:
3724:
3719:
3711:
3706:
3698:
3693:
3685:
3680:
3672:
3667:
3658:
3657:
3652:
3643:
3642:
3637:
3624:
3614:
3604:
3591:
3585:
3572:
3566:
3553:
3550:
3545:
3544:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3498:
3497:
3493:
3486:
3471:
3470:
3466:
3456:
3454:
3445:Garde, Murray.
3444:
3443:
3439:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3397:
3384:
3383:
3379:
3369:
3367:
3365:Parks Australia
3359:
3358:
3354:
3312:
3307:
3306:
3302:
3294:
3290:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3244:
3235:
3234:
3227:
3221:
3217:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3121:
3119:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3095:
3093:
3092:on 5 March 2019
3089:
3078:
3073:
3072:
3068:
3026:
3025:
3016:
3008:
2997:
2987:
2985:
2977:
2972:
2971:
2964:
2954:
2952:
2951:. 22 April 2014
2941:
2940:
2936:
2898:
2897:
2893:
2876:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2790:
2789:
2774:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2736:1959.13/1354903
2710:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2595:
2582:
2581:
2574:
2566:
2562:
2554:
2550:
2542:
2538:
2530:
2526:
2518:
2514:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2481:
2479:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2457:
2448:
2441:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2411:
2409:
2408:on 18 July 2019
2405:
2394:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2368:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2342:
2331:
2323:
2319:
2309:
2307:
2297:
2296:
2273:
2258:10.2307/1445650
2239:
2238:
2221:
2214:
2201:
2200:
2189:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2120:
2118:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2071:(12): 791â798.
2058:
2057:
2048:
2040:
2036:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1923:
1914:
1913:
1906:
1898:
1883:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1776:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1584:
1580:
1570:
1568:
1554:
1553:
1544:
1511:
1510:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1441:balngarrangarra
1364:
1352:
1343:
1334:tetanus vaccine
1318:
1249:creatine kinase
1220:
1216:
1213:
1193:
1189:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1149:
1116:
1005:
992:
988:
985:
983:
978:
974:
973:
968:
964:
961:
959:
940:
928:
870:Nullarbor Plain
852:, southwest to
826:
764:
727:
668:
664:
656:
648:
643:
635:
631:
619:
489:P. darwiniensis
465:William Macleay
402:
295:
267:Boulenger, 1896
244:
243:
211:
204:
198:
185:
83:
75:
64:
60:
53:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3926:
3924:
3916:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3870:
3869:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3847:
3834:
3821:
3808:
3795:
3782:
3769:
3756:
3743:
3730:
3717:
3704:
3691:
3678:
3665:
3650:
3634:
3632:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3613:
3612:External links
3610:
3609:
3608:
3602:
3589:
3583:
3570:
3564:
3549:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3524:
3511:(4): 884â901.
3491:
3484:
3464:
3437:
3402:
3395:
3377:
3352:
3300:
3298:, p. 116.
3288:
3225:
3215:
3188:(6): 661â664.
3172:
3145:(2): 279â284.
3129:
3118:. 7 April 2016
3103:
3066:
3039:(5): 417â424.
3014:
3012:, p. 148.
2995:
2984:(964): 224â226
2962:
2934:
2907:(1): 275â280.
2891:
2850:(5): 226â230.
2842:) snakebite".
2830:
2772:
2721:(3): 119â125.
2698:
2663:(2): 422â431.
2647:
2626:10.1086/655116
2620:(3): 253â291.
2600:
2593:
2572:
2570:, p. 234.
2560:
2558:, p. 231.
2548:
2546:, p. 232.
2536:
2534:, p. 218.
2524:
2522:, p. 225.
2512:
2489:
2463:
2461:, p. 115.
2446:
2439:
2419:
2382:
2358:"Variation in
2348:
2346:, p. 114.
2329:
2327:, p. 243.
2317:
2304:Animal Species
2271:
2252:(3): 551â563.
2244:: Elapidae)".
2219:
2212:
2187:
2168:(4): 488â518.
2152:
2128:
2100:
2046:
2044:, p. 146.
2034:
2007:(107): 48â55.
1983:
1934:(3): 121â127.
1904:
1901:on 2007-08-09.
1871:
1852:
1829:
1806:
1764:
1737:
1726:(4): 855â860.
1702:
1685:
1668:
1645:
1614:
1588:
1578:
1542:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1461:narnuâbulabula
1363:
1360:
1351:
1348:
1342:
1339:
1317:
1314:
1225:subcutaneously
1211:
1186:Bitis gabonica
1115:
1112:
1108:Adelaide River
1004:
1001:
939:
936:
927:
924:
825:
822:
814:coastal taipan
763:
760:
726:
723:
628:Early Pliocene
601:Cannia weigeli
585:P. rossignolii
509:Donald Thomson
445:British Museum
441:Albert GĂŒnther
437:Naja australis
429:Egyptian cobra
421:Port Essington
401:
398:
315:of the family
297:
296:
294:
293:
285:
283:Mitchell, 1951
277:
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253:
248:Naja australis
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3292:
3289:
3278:on 2019-08-25
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2777:
2773:
2762:on 2017-10-06
2758:
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2508:
2504:
2500:
2493:
2490:
2477:
2473:
2472:"Mulga Snake"
2467:
2464:
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2455:
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2318:
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2301:
2300:"Mulga Snake"
2294:
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2156:
2153:
2149:
2145:
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2132:
2129:
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2110:
2109:"Mulga Snake"
2104:
2101:
2096:
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2088:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2055:
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2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1996:
1987:
1984:
1973:on 2012-11-14
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
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1933:
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1897:
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1853:
1849:(6): 178â186.
1848:
1844:
1840:
1833:
1830:
1826:(1): 5â9, 31.
1825:
1821:
1817:
1810:
1807:
1796:on 2014-05-19
1792:
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1561:(Gray, 1842)"
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1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
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1274:
1270:
1269:phospholipids
1265:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1250:
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1242:
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1233:
1228:
1226:
1214:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1187:
1183:
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1175:
1171:
1156:produced 1350
1155:
1146:
1141:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1089:mouse spiders
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1061:crowned snake
1058:
1054:
1050:
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1034:
1030:
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1018:
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957:
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923:
921:
920:
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914:Alice Springs
910:
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904:
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897:
894:
890:
885:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
850:Warrumbungles
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
823:
821:
819:
815:
811:
810:Liasis fuscus
807:
803:
799:
795:
794:
788:
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774:
770:
761:
759:
757:
753:
749:
745:
739:
731:
724:
722:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
703:Gerard Krefft
699:
694:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
675:
662:
654:
653:P. rossignoli
641:
629:
625:
617:
613:
609:
604:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
561:Raymond Hoser
557:
556:Tennant Creek
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
532:
530:
529:dorsal scales
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
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370:
368:
364:
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352:
351:dorsal scales
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
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314:
310:
309:
304:
289:
286:
281:
278:
275:Thomson, 1933
273:
270:
265:
262:
259:Macleay, 1878
257:
254:
249:
246:
235:
232:
228:
223:
219:
214:
209:
203:
201:
195:
192:
191:Binomial name
188:
184:
183:
178:
175:
174:
171:
170:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
149:
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133:
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112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
87:
82:
78:
72:
67:
66:Least Concern
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3865:
3629:
3593:
3574:
3555:
3536:
3527:
3508:
3504:
3494:
3474:
3467:
3455:. Retrieved
3450:
3440:
3418:(1): 91â98.
3415:
3411:
3405:
3386:
3380:
3368:. Retrieved
3364:
3355:
3323:(3): 17063.
3320:
3316:
3303:
3291:
3280:. Retrieved
3273:the original
3252:
3248:
3239:
3218:
3185:
3181:
3175:
3142:
3138:
3132:
3120:. Retrieved
3115:
3106:
3094:. Retrieved
3087:the original
3082:
3069:
3036:
3032:
3028:
2986:. Retrieved
2981:
2953:. Retrieved
2946:
2937:
2904:
2900:
2894:
2880:cite journal
2847:
2843:
2839:
2833:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2764:. Retrieved
2757:the original
2718:
2714:
2701:
2660:
2656:
2650:
2617:
2613:
2610:Bufo Marinus
2609:
2603:
2584:
2563:
2551:
2539:
2527:
2515:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2492:
2480:. Retrieved
2475:
2466:
2429:
2422:
2410:. Retrieved
2403:the original
2398:
2385:
2376:
2372:
2363:
2359:
2351:
2320:
2308:. Retrieved
2303:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2203:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2147:
2138:
2131:
2119:. Retrieved
2112:
2103:
2068:
2064:
2037:
2004:
2000:
1994:
1986:
1975:. Retrieved
1968:the original
1931:
1927:
1918:
1896:the original
1891:
1887:
1874:
1865:
1861:
1855:
1846:
1842:
1832:
1823:
1819:
1809:
1798:. Retrieved
1791:the original
1786:
1780:
1767:
1758:
1754:
1748:
1740:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1705:
1695:
1688:
1678:
1671:
1662:
1658:
1648:
1631:
1627:
1617:
1608:
1604:
1591:
1581:
1569:. Retrieved
1564:
1558:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1484:
1467:
1465:
1460:
1456:
1448:
1440:
1437:Gulf Country
1430:
1425:
1419:
1417:(sorcerer).
1414:
1410:
1401:
1399:
1392:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1371:
1365:
1353:
1344:
1330:
1283:
1277:
1273:arachidonate
1261:
1241:coagulopathy
1229:
1219:mg/kg (0.866
1185:
1182:gaboon adder
1177:
1142:
1117:
1101:
1071:, and small
1064:
1056:
1048:
1040:
1006:
998:
941:
938:Reproduction
929:
917:
911:
886:
827:
817:
809:
806:water python
801:
798:olive python
791:
789:
784:
765:
740:
736:
718:
710:
695:
686:
683:P. australis
682:
678:
672:
661:P. australis
660:
652:
624:Late Miocene
605:
600:
596:
587:), found in
584:
571:) from near
568:
551:
547:
544:P. australis
543:
536:P. australis
535:
533:
525:P. australis
524:
520:
500:
497:Franz Werner
493:P. australis
492:
488:
485:Murray River
480:
473:P. australis
472:
468:
458:
454:
448:
436:
432:
414:
386:coagulopathy
371:
337:
327:
307:
306:
302:
300:
287:
279:
271:
263:
255:
247:
199:
197:
181:
180:
168:
29:
3747:iNaturalist
3654:Wikispecies
3548:Cited texts
2948:LiveScience
2379:(1): 35â45.
1378:woman) and
1376:woma python
1294:transferrin
1237:diaphoresis
1148:average 180
1129:tiger snake
1125:death adder
1097:cannibalism
1033:whip snakes
932:crepuscular
777:supralabial
748:Badgingarra
725:Description
642:, and clade
517:Arnhem Land
338:mulga snake
3883:Pseudechis
3872:Categories
3282:2019-08-25
2955:18 October
2766:2019-02-26
2568:Greer 1997
2556:Greer 1997
2544:Greer 1997
2532:Greer 1997
2520:Greer 1997
2509:: 161â165.
2412:8 February
2364:Pseudechis
2325:Greer 1997
2242:Pseudechis
2148:australis.
1995:Pseudechis
1977:2012-12-19
1800:2019-04-18
1749:Pseudechis
1712:Pseudechis
1665:: 219â222.
1496:References
1433:Borroloola
1253:haemolytic
1174:king cobra
1085:tarantulas
1069:thornbills
952:viviparity
903:scrublands
896:grasslands
874:Kalgoorlie
862:Port Pirie
854:Condobolin
793:Pseudonaja
773:anal scale
756:Quairading
752:New Norcia
744:Jurien Bay
715:budgerigar
687:P. butleri
679:P. weigeli
597:P. weigeli
589:Irian Jaya
577:Queensland
569:P. pailsei
548:Pseudechis
499:described
481:P. cupreus
479:described
467:described
460:Pseudechis
410:Tibooburra
380:, causing
329:Pseudechis
251:Gray, 1842
169:Pseudechis
144:Suborder:
18:King brown
3843:australis
3096:28 August
2988:1 January
2803:: 17â26.
2482:26 August
2310:26 August
1716:Oxyuranus
1611:: 51â57 .
1557:"Species
1422:Kunwinjku
1400:Known as
1341:Captivity
1316:Treatment
1232:myotoxins
1215:) of 1.91
1154:John Cann
1081:dasyurids
948:oviparous
926:Behaviour
889:woodlands
858:Balranald
838:Gladstone
762:Scalation
674:P. pailsi
640:Kimberley
608:monotypic
573:Mount Isa
433:Naja haje
394:antivenom
382:paralysis
367:cane toad
355:oviparous
176:Species:
148:Serpentes
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
3791:42493195
3765:10365182
3639:Wikidata
3432:40327447
3339:28905944
3269:21417486
3061:25917274
3053:23586640
2929:31846703
2921:13994169
2872:36287963
2825:24726467
2753:19567016
2745:28764620
2693:25388901
2685:21618921
2642:20689582
2634:20919631
2182:62767948
2121:18 April
2095:34609322
2087:10685181
2029:27637992
1964:26068662
1956:15688185
1761:: 15â23.
1599:(1842).
1571:18 April
1407:pandanus
1192:mg of 62
1145:necrosis
1075:such as
1017:monitors
900:chenopod
878:Narrogin
834:Tasmania
830:Victoria
618:); clade
400:Taxonomy
390:necrosis
317:Elapidae
231:Synonyms
158:Elapidae
154:Family:
138:Squamata
128:Reptilia
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
3739:2449557
3726:1055558
3645:Q536664
3447:"dadbe"
3412:Oceania
3347:4916503
3190:Bibcode
3182:Toxicon
3167:6857711
3147:Bibcode
3139:Toxicon
3083:Odatria
2864:5777902
2805:Bibcode
2797:Toxicon
2665:Bibcode
2657:Ecology
2266:1445650
2009:Bibcode
1936:Bibcode
1820:Monitor
1457:ngabaya
1453:Yanyuwa
1445:Gudanji
1362:Culture
1306:retinal
1077:rodents
1073:mammals
1029:agamids
1013:lizards
991:⁄
977:⁄
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