250:
33:
183:". Fremantle appointed John George as superintendent of the islands and left after a 3-month vacation. The connection to Britain changed nothing in Ross's autonomous administration, and it was not until fifteen years later another British ship arrived for a complete survey of the island. Apparently, Fremantle annexed the islands by mistake, thinking he had arrived on the
194:
John George
Clunies-Ross received the Malay title of Tuan Pandai ('the learned one') due to his amateur medical knowledge and research into the natural history of the islands. The head of the family Clunies-Ross kept the title 'Tuan', a term that can be translated as 'sir'. He married S'pia Dupong, a
150:
that he "found the natives in a state of freedom". However, the article omitted the sentence that immediately followed: "but in most other points they are considered as slaves". Ross traded with Dutch vessels en route to Dutch ports on Java and
Sumatra, and became a naturalised Dutch subject; he had
218:
granted the islands in perpetuity to the
Clunies-Ross family. Representatives of the Government of the Straits Settlements were sent to the island each year and reports reflected that "members of the Clunies-Ross family are to-day in every sense of the word proprietors of the islands, for Mr George
122:, had settled on another of the islands with some runaway slaves. Hare soon departed, and Clunies-Ross alone obtained permanent rights by settlement. He planted hundreds of coconut palms and brought in Malay workers to the islands to harvest the nuts, building a business by selling
319:. He stated that he was initially frustrated with the 1978 transfer of the islands to Australia, but that he had changed his mind since then: "I was 21 and I'd been brought up to do the job. But even in the old man's time, it had become anachronistic. It had to change".
207:. In 1871, known as Tuan Tinggi, he became superintendent after his father died, then married Inin (1850–1889), a Malay of high-rank like his mother. It was during his administration, in 1885, that the first annual inspection by a representative of the
289:, with the exception of his house on Home Island, which was eventually purchased by the government in 1993. The Commonwealth had already been administering the islands since November 1955, with the proclamation of the Cocos (Keeling) Island Act 1955.
257:
John Sidney
Clunies-Ross was born in the Coco Islands on 13 November 1868, the son of George Clunies-Ross and Inin. Known as Tuan Ross, he inherited an economic disaster after a cyclone destroyed almost every house and coconut palm on
273:. John Sidney Clunies-Ross died of a heart attack during a Japanese bombing on the islands in August 1944. The British military took over control of Home Island until John Cecil Clunies-Ross returned to the Cocos on 6 July 1946.
219:
Clunies-Ross makes his own laws and interprets them, polices his little domain, provides his own coinage controls the entire trade and acts as 'the universal provider' to satisfy the wants of the community". According to
232:
In 1903, the islands were annexed to the
Straits Settlements and incorporated as part of the settlement of Singapore, without affecting the ownership of the territory. George Clunies-Ross died on 7 July 1910 at
456:
970:
126:. In the beginning, Javanese convicts were used as labourers and "crime of all kinds was rife", before "getting rid of the criminal class and obtaining a better type of Malay
1099:
1104:
790:
Irving, David R. M. (2019). "Strings across the ocean: practices, traditions, and histories of the Cocos Malay biola in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Indian Ocean".
297:
203:
Born on 20 June 1842 in the Cocos
Islands to John George Clunies-Ross and S'pia Dupong, George Clunies-Ross was sent to Scotland where he studied engineering at
281:
The title to the islands was claimed by the Ross family until 1978, when John Cecil
Clunies-Ross (born 29 November 1928), known as Tuan John, sold them to the
498:
Gibson-Hill, C. A. (1952). "Documents relating to John
Clunies Ross, Alexander Hare and the early history of the settlement on the Cocos-Keeline Islands".
292:
John C. Clunies-Ross eventually went bankrupt after the
Australian government refused to give any business to his shipping line company. He then moved to
1119:
1083:
920:
169:
1109:
312:
534:"Farram, Stephen (2007) "Jacobus Arnoldus Haazart and the British interregnum in Netherlands Timor, 1812–1816". Accessed 8 November 2016"
533:
61:
and then later under
British (1857–1955) and Australian (1955–1978) sovereignty. The head of the family was usually recognised as the
1058:
708:
156:
90:
225:, there had not been any metallic coins since 1837. Six years after Inin's death, George Clunies-Ross married Ayesha, a former
151:
approached both the British and the Dutch government for annexation but neither had responded. John Clunies-Ross died in 1854.
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His son John George Clunies-Ross (born 1823) took over from his father under the name of Ross II. In 1857 British
735:
100:
55:. From 1827 to 1978, the family ruled the previously uninhabited islands as a private fiefdom, initially as
48:
1124:
677:
311:
As of 2007, John "Johnny" George Clunies-Ross (born 1957), the son of John C. Clunies-Ross, lived on the
249:
1020:
300:, he campaigned for independence but the majority of the islanders chose integration with Australia.
221:
467:
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17:
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473:
470:, the first non-white rugby union international player and relative of the Clunies-Ross family
241:, after going to England for medical treatment. His body was taken back to the Cocos in 1914.
135:
103:
in 1825. After surveying them he moved his family to live on one of the islands in 1827. Only
107:
used different dates, when he wrote that "John Clunis-Ross, who in 1814 touched in the ship
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115:
with plans to settle in the future and " returned 2 years later with his wife and family".
32:
540:
65:, and was sometimes styled as the "King of the Cocos Islands"; a title given by the press.
856:
The revenge of the Bantamese: Factors for change in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, 1930-1978
464:, prominent Australian scientist and administrator and relative of the Clunies-Ross family
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36:
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52:
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1066:"The Cocos' Isles. Letter to the Editor, New Selna, Cocos' Isles, July 8th, 1834"
259:
139:, Ross " his little colony on model lines and succeeded beyond expectation" and
99:, which he took. He reportedly first cruised the waters of the then uninhabited
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921:"There was trouble in paradise until Cocos Islanders changed their destiny"
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on 23 August 1786. In 1813 he was at Timor as Third Mate on board the
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when he received the opportunity to become captain of the brig
971:"End of the line for the Clunies-Ross men who ruled paradise"
27:
Original settlers and rulers of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands
500:
Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
303:
He died in Perth at the age of 92 on 13 September 2021.
1070:
Blackwoods Edinburgh Magazine. The Metropolitan, part 1
457:
List of administrative heads of Cocos (Keeling) Islands
179:
who "took possession of the islands in the name of the
901:. Vol. XX, no. 3. October 1949. p. 13.
648:"Dynasties series: Clunies-Ross Timeline, episode 2"
680:, New York Century Co, Pan American edition, p. 212
269:, the Cocos islands served as a major base for the
654:. ABC Australia. 16 November 2004. Archived from
625:. No. 12187. Via Government of New Zealand
757:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 413–418
8:
858:(Thesis). Australian National University.
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569:
567:
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78:John Clunies-Ross was a merchant born in
1049:Clunies-Ross, John Cecil; Souter, Gavin
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1100:People from the Cocos (Keeling) Islands
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1105:History of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands
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253:Clunies-Ross family, 1930s generation.
39:, residence of the Clunies-Ross family
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1072:. Peck and Newton. pp. 219–221.
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285:for £2.5m ($ 4.75m) under threat of
154:His life was dramatised in the play
143:mentioned after his 1836 visit with
623:Timaru Herald, Volume LXXIX, Page 2
170:Captain Stephen Grenville Fremantle
111:on a voyage to India", nailed up a
18:King of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands
736:The man who lost a 'coral kingdom'
617:Long, Edward E. (3 October 1903).
47:were the original settlers of the
25:
1051:The Clunies-Ross Cocos Chronicle
1021:"Cocos Island: The King Is Dead"
969:Howe, Alan (25 September 2021).
713:. Vol. 1. pp. 375–376.
709:Dictionary of National Biography
678:"Sailing Alone Around the World"
157:John Ross, King of Cocos Islands
133:According to a 1903 article in
118:In 1823 an English adventurer,
956:National Archives of Australia
181:Britannic Majesty's Government
1:
1120:Families of Scottish ancestry
949:"The Cocos (Keeling) Islands"
804:10.1080/17411912.2020.1754874
754:Charles Darwin's Beagle Diary
195:Malay of high rank, in 1841.
51:, a small archipelago in the
919:Wynne, Emma (6 April 2019).
703:"Clunies-Ross, George"
323:List of resident magistrates
1110:History of Christmas Island
698:im Thurn, Everard Ferdinand
1141:
895:"Heir to the Coco Islands"
619:"King of the Cocos Island"
587:. Edinburgh: 187–190. 1899
296:with his wife. During the
283:Commonwealth of Australia
1064:Ross, J. C. (May 1835).
409:John Sidney Clunies-Ross
369:John George Clunies-Ross
245:John Sidney Clunies-Ross
164:John George Clunies-Ross
899:Pacific islands monthly
429:John Cecil Clunies-Ross
277:John Cecil Clunies-Ross
101:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
49:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1086:Genealogical Gleanings
864:10.25911/5d7637458205c
854:Hunt, John G. (1989).
676:Joshua Slocum, (1901)
581:The Chambers's Journal
254:
40:
792:Ethnomusicology Forum
738:BBC News, 7 June 2007
252:
211:Government occurred.
35:
1053:, Self, Perth 2009,
506:(4/5 (160)): 5–306.
330:Resident magistrate
92:Baroness Longueville
577:"The Cocos Islands"
468:Alfred Clunies-Ross
389:George Clunies-Ross
229:(servant) in 1895.
209:Straits Settlements
199:George Clunies-Ross
63:resident magistrate
45:Clunies-Ross family
546:on 11 January 2017
262:in November 1909.
255:
41:
1115:Scottish diaspora
1084:Cocos Island page
658:on 31 August 2014
474:Pulu Cocos Museum
448:
447:
392:Clunies-Ross III
350:John Clunies-Ross
222:Chambers' Journal
136:The Timaru Herald
74:John Clunies-Ross
16:(Redirected from
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1027:. 11 June 1945.
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1000:trove.nla.gov.au
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539:. Archived from
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412:Clunies-Ross IV
372:Clunies-Ross II
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267:Second World War
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353:Clunies-Ross I
342:Entered office
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298:1984 referendum
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271:Royal Air Force
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189:Andaman Islands
172:visited aboard
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975:The Australian
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759:, retrieved
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660:. Retrieved
656:the original
651:
627:. Retrieved
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589:. Retrieved
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548:. Retrieved
541:the original
528:
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395:Tuan Tinggi
375:Tuan Pandai
345:Left office
333:Regnal name
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53:Indian Ocean
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629:15 February
339:Life dates
315:, breeding
313:West Island
265:During the
260:Home Island
1094:Categories
872:1885/10900
550:9 November
480:References
435:Tuan John
415:Tuan Ross
113:Union Jack
1033:0040-781X
980:1 October
830:218931038
822:1741-1912
512:2304-7550
438:1928–2021
418:1868–1944
398:1842–1910
378:1823–1871
358:1786–1854
237:, in the
174:HMS
925:ABC News
761:12 April
751:(2001),
700:(1912).
662:12 April
591:12 April
520:41502769
451:See also
214:In 1886
84:Shetland
80:Weisdale
1005:11 July
996:"Trove"
930:11 July
235:Ventnor
205:Glasgow
187:of the
69:History
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510:
307:Legacy
147:Beagle
128:coolie
109:Borneo
97:Olivia
88:whaler
952:(PDF)
826:S2CID
544:(PDF)
537:(PDF)
516:JSTOR
444:1978
424:1944
404:1910
384:1871
364:1854
317:clams
294:Perth
124:copra
1055:ISBN
1029:ISSN
1025:Time
1007:2020
982:2021
932:2020
818:ISSN
763:2016
664:2016
631:2015
593:2016
552:2016
508:ISSN
441:1946
421:1910
401:1871
381:1854
361:1827
176:Juno
145:HMS
43:The
868:hdl
860:doi
808:hdl
800:doi
227:boi
130:."
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