484:"a strong pillar", the president said that although Busoga was one of the youngest kingdoms, under Muloki's leadership it had become strong: "Uganda mourns not only one of her esteemed traditional leaders but a national who put development and the welfare of the people of Busoga at the helm of his reign". Muloki's achievements included programs for youth, the elderly, and the poor and the education of girls. Although the Royal Chiefs of Busoga at first elected Edward Columbus Wambuzi, Muloki's son, as Kyabazinga of Busoga, the election was contested due to lack of quorum (at least eight chiefs) and thus electing later Gabula Nadiope IV with ten out of eleven chiefs and was crowned on 13 September 2014.
55:
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steps making it easier for visitors to reach the top. Kagulu Rock has been for a long time a major adventure and tourist attraction in
Eastern Uganda. Previously, it had caught the curious eyes of the foreign NGO workers in the area, but with the advent of the local initiative to promote the site, Kagulu Rock is now a big attraction to all. Kagulu Rock, is a rocky prominence that rises 10,000 feet (3,048 m), above sea level.
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European fruit mission collapsed, and survivors were relocated to other parts of Busoga. Southern Busoga, about one-third of the kingdom's area, was depopulated by 1910. During the 1920s and 1930s, some evacuees who survived the epidemic began to return to their original land. In 1940 a new outbreak appeared in the area, and only in 1956 did resettlement (promoted by the government) begin again.
1854:
754:. These areas later became administrative and cultural centers in Busoga. When Mukama did not return, his sons regarded themselves as the legitimate rulers of their respective areas. They presided over their dominions, employing governing methods and cultural rituals similar to those in Bunyoro. This political and cultural arrangement in Busoga continued until the late 19th century, when the
607:, were depopulated as well. Famines also triggered substantial population movements. Parts of northeastern Busoga and the adjacent Bukandi district (across the Mpologoma River) experienced famines in 1898–1900, 1907, 1908, 1917, 1918 and 1944. Populations in these areas shrank; many people were killed by the famines, and survivors moved to other areas for safety.
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When Wako retired the Busoga
Lukiiko resolved that the Kyabazinga should be elected from the five lineages of Baise Ngobi (Ababiito), hereditary rulers traditionally believed to have been the five sons of the Omukama of Bunyoro who migrated to Busoga from Bunyoro. This method of election was used for
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described Muloki as "a great cultural leader and father" who was "generous and kind". Museveni noted that since his re-installation, Muloki was a unifying factor in Busoga: "The
Government has had the privilege of working with Isebantu Muloki in developing our nation". Referring to the Kyabazinga as
812:
On 11 February 1939 Owekitibwa
Ezekerial Tenywa Wako, father of the last Kyabazinga of Busoga Henry Wako Muloki and the Zibondo of Bulamogi, was installed as the first Kyabazinga of Busoga (a title he held until his 1949 retirement). By Wako's retirement, the Lukiiko had expanded to include elected
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This was the first settlement area for the
Bunyoro Basoga, led by Mukama. Although Kagulu's cultural influence is widespread, its visible landmark is Kagulu Rock. The rock is between two roads which fork at its foot, leading to Gwaya and Iyingo. The rock has a clear view of almost all Busoga, with
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and a well-developed infrastructure. People from rural Busoga came to work in the factories and in domestic work. Among the newcomers were Asian families. Services such as piped water, electricity, roads, hospitals and schools were improved to serve the growing population. Farmers were assured of
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During the pre-colonial era, people left their traditional lands and state structures disappeared. A number of clans and chiefdoms were decimated by famine and epidemics, and people migrated to Busoga with the traditions and cultures of other lands. A need for security fueled population growth in
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In 1906, orders were issued to evacuate the region. Despite attempts to clear the area, the epidemic continued until 1910. As a result, most of the densely populated parts of Busoga (with an original population of over 200,000) were depopulated within ten years. Lubas Palace at
Bukaleba and the
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on the Kamuli-Jinja road, the site includes a shrine and the residence of former
Kyabazinga William Wilberforce Kadhumbula Nadiope (who died in 1976). The marble-covered shrine contains the graves of other members of the royal family, including Nadiope's father and mother (Yosia Nadiope and
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Nasikombi). Other graves in the shrine are those of his son, former Uganda government minister Wilson
Nadiope (who died in 1991), and his mother, Yuliya Babirye Nadiope (who died in 2004). The main palace residence is a legacy of the British colonial government, which donated it in 1914.
832:
In 1995, the government restored monarchies in Uganda. On 11 February, Henry Wako Muloki was reinstated as
Kyabazinga according to Kisogan tradition. Unlike most monarchs, the Kyabazinga has no heir or crown prince but is succeeded by a chief elected by the Lukiiko and the Royal Council.
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Although Busoga is called a "kingdom", it did not have a central ruler before 1906, unlike its western neighbor
Buganda. In 1906, a central administrator—later a King—was installed at the behest of the British. Before this, the Basoga were organized in semi-autonomous
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where residents were required to publicly supply rat tails for counting to prove that they had killed the rats. His opposition brought him into conflict with the British; he was exiled to Bunyoro, later leading the Basoga into the Second World War.
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subsequent elections, beginning in 1949 when Owekitibwa Chief William Wilberforce Nadiope Kadhumbula of Bugabula was elected. He served for two terms of three years each, followed by Henry Wako Muloki (who also served two terms). In 1957, the title
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expelled the Asians from Uganda in 1972, and Jinja suffered socially and economically. The government of Yoweri Museveni has tried to encourage them to return. The Asian influence remains, particularly in architecture and street names.
467:, and grandson to Wilberforce Kadhumbula Nadiope, former vice president and also Kyabazinga of Busoga Kingdom. In 1995, the government restored monarchies in Uganda in Article 246(1) of the constitution of Uganda. On 11 February 1996,
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and begins its descent to Egypt. Since Speke's route (inland from the East African coast) took him around the southern end of Lake Victoria, he approached Busoga from the west (through Buganda). Having reached his goal (the
789:, Ezekiel Tenywa Wako, who had both support of the colonialist British support and an administrative background, in addition to his being educated at the prestigious Kings' College Budo. Gideon Obodha of
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and making hoes, iron utensils and spears. Of Mukama's children five boys survived, and when he returned to Bunyoro he gave them land to oversee. His firstborn, Wakoli, received Bukooli; Zibondo received
797:(a commoner). In 1918-19, the title of Isebantu Kyabazinga was created and Wako took the throne. In 1925 Wako became a member of the Uganda Kings Council, consisting of the Kyabazinga of Busoga, the
793:(another contender for the post) was unfamiliar with the British system, and William Wilberforce Nadiope Kadhumbula of Bugabula was an infant whose regent (Mwami Mutekanga) was ineligible as a
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gained power. Mukama Namutukula of the royal Babiito family of Bunyoro is said to have left Bunyoro during the 16th century as part of the kingdom's expansion policy, travelling east across
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influenced by Bunyoro and, later, Buganda. Some of the chiefs were appointed by the Kabaka, and, before the ascendancy of Buganda as the region’s dominant power, by the Omukama of Bunyoro.
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Three past Kyabazingas have presided over the federated state of Busoga since 1939: Ezekiel Tenywa Wako, Yosia Nadiope and William Wilberforce Nadiope Kadhumbula. Kadhumbula waged an
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The result of the epidemic was that southern Busoga, its most densely populated area, was virtually uninhabited. Other areas affected by sleeping sickness, including eastern
860:(UPC). Kadhumbula built infrastructure such as roads, hospitals and government centres, and mobilised the Basoga for agriculture. Balangira High School later became
1835:
692:(Owen Falls Dam), which supplies electricity to Uganda and parts of Kenya and Tanzania. Jinja was also home to the majority of Uganda's Asian population. These
1945:
588:, J. R. Macdonald and Bishop Tucket noted that Busoga had plentiful food and was densely populated. However, between 1898–99 and 1900–01 the first cases of
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By the time of independence in 1962, Busoga was one of the most prosperous regions in Uganda. Jinja was home to 70 percent of Uganda's industries and the
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Kadhumbula played an important role in Uganda's independence struggle; he was also the first vice-president of independent Uganda and chairman of the
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which promotes popular participation and unity among the people of the region through development programs to improve their standard of living.
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The Busoga Royal Council is composed of the 11 traditional leaders of Busoga: the heads of the five royal families and the six tribal chiefs.
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The Kyabazinga of Busoga is not directly succedded by one of his children(princes) but he is elected from the five royal clans of Busoga.
1037:(Prime Minister) of Busoga is Joseph Muvawala Nsekere . The office of the Katukiro in the Kingdom is an important and a vital one. The
585:
1979:
1984:
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1331:, the world's second-longest river, at Lake Victoria was discovered by John Speke and is an internationally known attraction.
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556:), he turned northward and followed the river downstream without exploring Busoga. He records, however, being told that
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12. Alamanzan Jafar K. Busoga cultural heritage researcher and author of the book Entangazo ya Obusoga 2021 ongoing.
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with his wife Nawudo, a few servants, arms and a dog and landing at Iyingo in northern Busoga (in the present-day
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was reinstated as Kyabazinga Isebantu of Busoga. He served until 1 September 2008, when he died of
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311:: Obwakyabazinga bwa Busoga) is a kingdom and one of four constitutional monarchies in present-day
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is the head of the kingdom's government, and the spokesperson for the Kyabazinga and the kingdom.
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During the 19th century, one of the main routes along which Europeans travelled from the coast to
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402:. Jinja is the industrial and economic hub of Busoga. Busoga is bordered on the north by shallow
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This article is about the Busoga kingdom and region and the Basoga people. For the language, see
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during the Raj, helped establish Jinja as one of East Africa's largest commercial centres.
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Southern Busoga is bordered by Lake Victoria, whose coastline runs from Jinja east to the
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diminished, with the population turning to economic production demanded by the Europeans.
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District. Each district is headed by an elected chairperson or a Local Council Five, and
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The effects of these movements were apparent in the growth in population of central and
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1391:. Twegaite's main objective is to revitalize Busoga's economy, health and education.
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improved; the kingdom's revenue increased, enabling it to build more infrastructure.
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From 1920 to the 1970s, Jinja (Busoga's capital) gained economic importance due to
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Mukama, who enjoyed hunting, was taken with the land. He engaged in metalworking:
434:, Bugwere and Bugisu). It also includes several islands in Lake Victoria, such as
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Bantu Bureaucracy - A Century of Political evolution among the Basoga of Uganda
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Towards a reconstructed past : Historical texts from Busoga, Uganda
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for Busoga) was an island (it is bordered on all four sides by water).
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1727:. Ethnographic survey of Africa: East central Africa, Vol 11. London:
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When monarchies were abolished in 1966, the Kyabazinga was dethroned.
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Busoga is ruled by the Isebantu Kyabazinga, who is currently William
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785:. Nadiope died in 1913 and was, in 1919, succeeded by the chief of
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and 48 of his helpers are believed to have been murdered in 1885.
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845:(war on theft) and ended a British practice in the fight against
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Entangazo ya Obusoga (2021-......) by Mr Kapata Alamanzan Jafar
1623:"Ministry of Health rallies Busoga Kingdom in fight against TB"
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Around the turn of the 16th century, the Baisengobi clan from
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was introduced for the wife of the Kyabazinga (or Isebantu).
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representatives (two from each of Busoga's 55 sub-counties).
614:
Busoga. Many Basoga left Busoga during this period for other
1648:"Busoga region prone to terrorism recruitment: CT Commander"
1345:
This former waterfall was submerged in November 2011 by the
664:. The town became an agri-industrial centre with factories,
1673:"NUP members welcome suspension of party leaders in Busoga"
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and food crops such as cotton, coffee, bananas, potatoes,
1421:
Nayenga, Peter F. B. (1981). Cohen, David William (ed.).
1387:
This nonprofit cultural organization is headquartered in
1578:"Second Kyabazinga election deepens Busoga throne wars"
1427:
The International Journal of African Historical Studies
479:
at age 87. In a condolence message, Ugandan president
637:
urban and peri-urban areas of Busoga such as Jinja,
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1866:
531:Busoga's written history began in 1862. On 28 July
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1518:"REST IN PEACE: Kyabazinga Wako Muloki dies at 87"
1203:Kasodo, Kizenguli,Ikonero Bugweri;Ibinga, Busiki
27:Traditional Bantu kingdom in present-day Uganda
1946:List of current constituent monarchs in Uganda
1699:Busoga Clans and Other Resources from Eibwanio
1836:
8:
777:Busoga's first native King was the chief of
475:at the Mulago National Referral Hospital in
322:Busoga means "Land of the Soga", and is the
1843:
1829:
1821:
750:, and the youngest son, Kitimbo, received
193:10,318.1 km (3,983.8 sq mi)
78:
40:
1511:
1509:
1507:
72:Tuli bankabi inhyo, ye nga twesimye inhyo
1602:"Busoga Anthem – Salesians of Don Bosco"
1553:"busoga districts | Africa Safari Guide"
1048:
874:
1413:
576:passed through southern Busoga. Speke,
196:
186:
181:
107:
1736:A survey of interlacustrine chronology
251:
656:production and the completion of the
649:, Bugiri and their surrounding areas
517:Early contact with European explorers
342:(Uganda's second-largest city, after
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162:
147:
143:
7:
1546:
1544:
34:. For the sub-region of Uganda, see
1045:Ebiika bya Busoga (Clans of Busoga)
762:. The federation was governed by a
758:persuaded its rulers to organize a
499:Entrance to the Kyabazinga's Palace
85:Location of Busoga (red)
25:
1852:
1809:
1799:Busoga clans and other resources
1749:. (Fontes historiae africanae).
714:History of Uganda (1979–present)
330:of the Basoga or Soga (singular
53:
1729:International African Institute
1719:Fallers, Margaret Chave (1960)
1671:Independent, The (2023-01-16).
1646:Independent, The (2022-11-24).
1621:Independent, The (2023-05-19).
1488:"Life and times of Wako Muloki"
1460:Lubogo, Yekoniya Kaira (2020).
507:Kyabazingas palace at Wanyange
1740:The Journal of African History
1721:The Eastern Lacustrine Bantu (
1516:Muyita, Solomon (2008-09-02).
1371:Bishop James Hannington Shrine
1282:Attractions and historic sites
491:Kyabazinga Gabula rituals.jpg
1:
1745:Cohen, David William (1986).
1734:Cohen, David William (1970).
1179:Isonsole; ndegeya/weaverbird
696:, brought to Uganda from the
677:, fruits and vegetables. The
1304:Budhumbula shrine and palace
1256:Namunhole, Busiki,Kisambira
461:Kadhumbula Gabula Nadiope IV
374:, and the new districts of
1557:Bwindi Forest National Park
1245:Namagiro;Busambira; Busiki
809:and the Omugabe of Ankole.
669:markets in the towns, grew
346:). Busoga comprises eleven
2001:
1858:Subnational monarchies of
1753:: Oxford University Press.
1356:
1338:
1320:
1168:Nduntono / smalllung fish
711:
625:
533:Royal Geographical Society
520:
445:
29:
1940:
1129:Buvuma, Budiope;Budhumba
398:are headed by an elected
334:) people. Its capital is
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144:
77:
66:
50:
1087:Banda; Kilongero,Kisaho
881:Principality / Chiefdom
858:Uganda People's Congress
628:Early independent Uganda
1980:Ethnic groups in Uganda
1742:, 1970, 11, 2, 177-202.
1423:"The History of Busoga"
1375:The place where Bishop
1211:Ntukulu; Ihemba (dove)
690:Nalubaale Power Station
543:(near Jinja, where the
139:Constitutional monarchy
109:Official languages
1985:Non-sovereign monarchy
1677:The Independent Uganda
1652:The Independent Uganda
1627:The Independent Uganda
1466:. Marianum Press Ltd.
1296:
1264:Namusisi;Kasombamooya
1171:Busiki; Kigulu;Buvuma
1137:Ndu entono /lung fish
1126:Ndu entono / lungfish
962:David Muluuya Kawunye
508:
500:
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410:), on the west by the
1970:Sub-regions of Uganda
1818:at Wikimedia Commons
1769:University of Chicago
1696:Gulere, Cornelius W.
1582:The Observer - Uganda
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1001:Yekosofato Kawanguzi
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1794:Busoga College Mwiri
1789:Busoga College Mwiri
1530:on February 13, 2009
1523:The Monitor (Uganda)
1308:Two kilometers from
1073:Ndu ntono /lungfish
949:C. J. Mutyaba Nkono
936:W. Tabingwa Nabwana
698:Indian sub-continent
448:Kyabazinga of Busoga
422:(separating it from
414:(separating it from
406:(separating it from
317:cultural institution
1157:Kaduba / fish;Mbwa
1105:Butiko / mushrooms
1051:
988:Kakaire Fred Menya
868:Political structure
819:Inhebantu of Busoga
683:Subsistence farming
452:Inhebantu of Busoga
418:), on the south by
315:. The kingdom is a
1975:Ugandan monarchies
1576:BALEKE, TREVOR S.
1327:The source of the
1323:Source of the Nile
1317:Source of the Nile
1297:
1115:Ndhaza / reedbuck
1055:Baise / Paternity
1049:
1027:Nkwighe Bukumunhe
801:, the Omukamas of
679:standard of living
666:cottage industries
554:source of the Nile
537:John Hanning Speke
523:Uganda before 1900
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124:Ethnic groups
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1814:Media related to
1785:Busoga University
1757:Fallers, Lloyd A.
1473:978-9970-445-81-3
1463:History of Busoga
1403:- Lusoga language
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799:Kabaka of Buganda
632:Uganda under Amin
590:sleeping sickness
473:esophageal cancer
469:Henry Wako Muloki
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45:Kingdom of Busoga
36:Busoga sub-region
18:Kingdom of Busoga
16:(Redirected from
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1246:
1243:
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1223:
1222:Ikovu / snail
1220:
1216:
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1064:Nkuni / Origin
1061:
1059:Muziro / Totem
1056:
1046:
1043:
1029:
1028:
1025:
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1016:
1015:
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862:Busoga College
838:
835:
709:
706:
694:Ugandan Asians
662:Owen Falls Dam
658:Uganda Railway
623:
620:
569:
566:
518:
515:
513:
510:
443:
442:The Kyabazinga
440:
396:municipalities
328:principalities
300:
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167:Prime Minister
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158:William Gabula
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783:Yosia Nadiope
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582:Gerald Portal
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545:Victoria Nile
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489:
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478:
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436:Buvuma Island
433:
429:
425:
421:
420:Lake Victoria
417:
413:
412:Victoria Nile
409:
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56:
49:
42:
37:
33:
32:Soga language
19:
1942:
1883:
1808:
1760:
1746:
1739:
1735:
1720:
1709:
1698:
1691:
1680:. Retrieved
1676:
1666:
1655:. Retrieved
1651:
1641:
1630:. Retrieved
1626:
1616:
1605:. Retrieved
1596:
1585:. Retrieved
1581:
1571:
1560:. Retrieved
1556:
1532:. Retrieved
1528:the original
1521:
1495:. Retrieved
1491:
1482:
1462:
1455:
1430:
1426:
1416:
1386:
1374:
1362:
1347:Bujagali Dam
1344:
1326:
1307:
1298:
1273:
1063:
1058:
1038:
1034:
1032:
1014:Juma Munulo
871:
855:
849:
842:
840:
831:
823:
815:
811:
794:
776:
768:
756:colonialists
732:
717:
687:
651:
635:
609:
598:
594:
571:
568:Demographics
557:
530:
458:
455:
331:
321:
304:
303:
295:
283:
270:
258:
241:Calling code
189:• Total
91: (pink)
86:
67:
1787:, formerly
1295:Kagulu Rock
1287:Kagulu Rock
1200:Mbwa / dog
850:(kawumpuli)
746:, Tabingwa
578:James Grant
547:flows from
541:Ripon Falls
539:arrived at
1959:Categories
1905:Kitagwenda
1889:Rwenzururu
1682:2023-07-10
1657:2023-07-10
1632:2023-07-10
1607:2023-07-10
1587:2020-05-28
1562:2022-02-10
1534:2008-09-26
1497:2023-11-20
1492:New Vision
1408:References
1272:Batimbito
1084:Bush buck
843:emizindula
760:federation
724:Lake Kyoga
712:See also:
612:peri-urban
446:See also:
404:Lake Kyoga
326:of the 11
198:Population
152:Kyabazinga
135:Government
1943:See also:
1915:Chiefdoms
1725:and Soga)
1447:0361-7882
1261:Ighemula
1189:Katikati
772:chiefdoms
622:Economics
616:districts
535:explorer
392:Namayingo
388:Namutumba
348:districts
223:Time zone
208:4,500,000
1867:Kingdoms
1395:See also
1383:Twegaite
1367:border.
1267:Busimbi
1253:Ntukulu
1234:Bubaala
1214:Bukumbi
1192:Bukooli
1149:Bunyuli
1144:Gabanya
1112:Butanda
1102:Basikwe
1097:Bugweri
1039:Katukiro
1035:Katukiro
1019:Nanhumba
928:Tabingwa
906:Bugabula
893:Bulamogi
847:smallpox
826:Idi Amin
787:Bulamogi
779:Bugabula
752:Bugabula
742:, Ngobi
740:Bulamogi
708:Politics
660:and the
465:Bugabula
424:Tanzania
279:Language
213:Currency
1879:Bunyoro
1874:Buganda
1759:(1965)
1714:Sources
1250:Igembe
1229:Idibya
1219:Ibooka
1197:Ibinga
1176:Ibango
1165:Ibamba
1154:Ibaale
1118:Bugulu
1081:Bandha
1076:Bukono
1023:Bunhole
984:Bugweri
971:Butembe
958:Bukooli
954:Wakooli
889:Zibondo
803:Bunyoro
795:mukoopi
764:Lukiiko
720:Bunyoro
702:British
700:by the
675:cassava
601:Bukooli
574:Buganda
562:Swahili
512:History
477:Kampala
416:Buganda
380:Buyende
376:Bugweri
344:Kampala
338:, near
336:Bugembe
324:kingdom
292:Country
165:•
150:•
117:English
103:Bugembe
99:Capital
68:Anthem:
1965:Busoga
1899:Ankole
1884:Busoga
1860:Uganda
1816:Busoga
1767:, The
1751:Oxford
1470:
1445:
1401:Lusoga
1389:Boston
1365:Kenyan
1310:Kamuli
1239:Igaga
1208:Ibira
1186:Ibere
1134:Diaga
1123:Bwire
1070:Balwa
997:Busiki
993:Kisiki
967:Ntembe
945:Bukono
919:Kigulu
902:Gabula
878:Title
791:Kigulu
744:Kigulu
654:cotton
647:Kaliro
643:Kamuli
639:Iganga
605:Busiki
432:Adhola
384:Kaliro
364:Mayuge
360:Bugiri
356:Iganga
352:Kamuli
332:Musoga
313:Uganda
309:Lusoga
305:Busoga
266:People
255:Person
129:Basoga
113:Lusoga
89:Uganda
70:
1932:Kooki
1927:Bunya
1894:Tooro
1723:Ganda
1092:Beyi
1010:Bunha
980:Menha
941:Nkono
932:Luuka
915:Ngobi
884:Head
748:Luuka
558:Usoga
428:Kenya
408:Lango
400:mayor
372:Luuka
368:Jinja
340:Jinja
1922:Alur
1468:ISBN
1443:ISSN
1329:Nile
1033:The
1006:Luba
807:Toro
805:and
671:cash
630:and
603:and
525:and
450:and
426:and
390:and
298:Soga
286:Soga
273:Soga
261:Soga
183:Area
61:Flag
1435:doi
730:).
284:Olu
271:Aba
259:Omu
245:256
234:EAT
228:UTC
87:in
1961::
1763:.
1738:.
1675:.
1650:.
1625:.
1580:.
1555:.
1543:^
1520:.
1506:^
1490:.
1441:.
1431:14
1429:.
1425:.
1349:.
864:.
781:,
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645:,
641:,
618:.
584:,
580:,
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382:,
378:,
370:,
366:,
362:,
358:,
354:,
350::
296:Bu
230:+3
115:,
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1837:t
1830:v
1771:.
1731:.
1702:.
1685:.
1660:.
1635:.
1610:.
1590:.
1565:.
1537:.
1500:.
1476:.
1449:.
1437::
560:(
386:,
307:(
236:)
232:(
38:.
20:)
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