54:
1385:
509:
1619:
2512:
1475:, considered retracting the annexation in favor of a Bagratid heir, but being unable to identify one likely to retain the crown, on September 12, 1801 Alexander proceeded to confirm annexation. Meanwhile, King George had died on December 28, 1800, before learning that he had lost his throne. By the following April, Russian troops took control of the country's administration and in February 1803 Tsarevich David Bagrationi was escorted by Russian troops from Tbilisi to St. Petersburg.
1676:
68:
4541:
2256:
1082:
1226:, the then ruling monarch of Russia, viewed Georgia as a pivot for her Caucasian policy, as Russia's new aspirations were to use it as a base of operations against both Iran and the Ottoman Empire, both immediate bordering geo-political rivals of Russia. On top of that, having another port on the Georgian coast of the
1174:
While
Heraclius II's court maintained a certain Persian-type pomp, and he himself dressed in the Persian style as well, he launched an ambitious program of "Europeanization" which was supported by the Georgian intellectual ĂŠlites; it was not overwhelmingly successful however, because Georgia remained
1330:
under its King
Solomon II. The Georgians, hopelessly outnumbered, were eventually defeated despite stiff resistance. In a few hours, the Iranian king Agha Mohammad Khan was in full control of the Georgian capital. The Persian army marched back laden with spoil and carrying off thousands of captives.
1286:
Finding an interval of peace amid their own quarrels and with northern, western, and central Persia secure, the
Iranians demanded Heraclius II to renounce the treaty with Russia and to re-accept Persian suzerainty, in return for peace and the security of his kingdom. The Ottomans, Iran's neighboring
1179:
and had to expend all available resources on defending its precarious independence. He strove to enlist the support of
European powers, and to attract Western scientists and technicians to give his country the benefit of the latest military and industrial techniques. His style of governing resembled
1276:
or Gilan. It was therefore natural for Agha
Mohammad Khan to perform whatever necessary means in the Caucasus in order to subdue and reincorporate the recently lost regions following Nader Shah's death and the collapse of the Zands, including putting down what in Iranian eyes was seen as treason on
1093:
of the area, established a leading position in the southern
Caucasus, and requested Russian aid. In 1762, he succeeded his father as king of Kartli, and with already being king of Kakheti, eastern Georgia thus became politically unified for the first time in three centuries. Around 1760, it had
1325:
With half the number of troops Agha
Mohammad Khan had crossed the Aras river, he now marched directly upon Tbilisi, where it commenced into a huge battle between the Iranian and Georgian armies. Heraclius had managed to mobilize some 5,000 troops, including some 2,000 from neighboring
1346:
notes; "Russia's client, Georgia, had been punished, and Russia's prestige, damaged." Heraclius II returned to
Tbilisi to rebuild the city, but the destruction of his capital was a death blow to his hopes and projects. Upon learning of the fall of Tbilisi General
1045:
and to re-impose its traditional suzerainty over the region. After
Heraclius II refused to denounce the treaty with Russia and to voluntarily reaccept Iran's suzerainty in return for peace and prosperity for his kingdom, Agha Mohammad Khan invaded Kartli-Kakheti,
1005:
over
Georgia, to guarantee the autonomy of his kingdom throughout the chaos that had erupted following Nader Shah's death. He became the new Georgian king of a politically united eastern Georgia for the first time in three centuries. Though Heraclius tendered his
1478:
As it was impossible for Iran to give up Georgia, which had made part of the concept of Iran for centuries like the rest of its Caucasian territories, the annexation of Kartli-Kakheti led directly to the Russo-Persian Wars of the 19th century, namely that of
1188:. He exercised executive, legislative, and judicial authority and closely supervised the activities of government departments. Heraclius's primary objective in internal policy was to further centralize the government through reducing the powers of the
1166:). By minting the silver coins with a reference to Karim Khan Zand on it they were usable for trade in Iran, whereas the copper coins, struck for only local use, reflected Heraclius II's political orientation towards Russia.
1230:
would be ideal. A limited Russian contingent of two infantry battalions with four artillery pieces arrived in Tbilisi in 1784, but was withdrawn, despite the frantic protests of the Georgians, in 1787 as a new
1030:. Amongst others, this provided the nominal guarantee for protection against new Iranian attempts, or by any others, to (re)conquer or attack eastern Georgia. By the 1790s, a new strong Iranian dynasty, the
1399:
Reestablishment of Iranian rule over Georgia was short-lived this time, and the next few years were years of muddling and confusion. In 1797, Agha Mohammad Khan was assassinated in his tent in
1523:
from Iran. Thus, by 1828, the Russians had gained an immensely strong foothold in the Caucasus. Parts of western Georgia were added to the empire during the same period through wars with the
1050:, effectively bringing it back under Iranian control. This was short-lived, however, for Agha Mohammad Khan was assassinated two years later. Heraclius II himself died a year after that.
5228:
2048:(...) Agha Muhammad Khan remained nine days in the vicinity of Tiflis. His victory proclaimed the restoration of Iranian military power in the region formerly under Safavid domination.
4043:
5288:
2300:
1116:(Georgia), the traditional Safavid office, which by this time however had become an "empty honorific". Karim Khan died in 1779 however, with Persia again being engulfed into chaos.
1246:
again fully under the Iranian orbit. For Agha Mohammad Khan, the re-subjugation and reintegration of Georgia into the Iranian Empire was part of the same process that had brought
5263:
1089:
After Nader Shah's death in 1747, Heraclius II and Teimuraz II capitalized on the eruption of chaos in mainland Iran. In the ensuing period Heraclius II made alliances with the
5258:
5208:
4151:
1291:, asking for at least 3,000 Russian troops, but he was ignored, leaving Georgia to fend off the Iranian threat alone. Nevertheless, Heraclius II still rejected the shah's
1127:
in 1783, resulting in the transfer of responsibility for defense and foreign affairs in the eastern kingdom, as well as importantly, officially abjuring any dependence on
1433:
as the next king on April 18, 1799. But strife broke out among King George's many sons and those of his late father over the throne, Heraclius II having changed the
1119:
Seeking to remain independent, but also realizing that he would need a foreign protector with regard to his kingdom's foreign policy, King Heraclius II concluded the
4774:
1287:
rival, recognized the latter's rights over Kartli and Kakheti for the first time in four centuries. Heraclius appealed then to his theoretical protector, Empress
1456:, on the condition that George and his descendants be allowed to continue to reign nominally â in effect, offering to mediatise the Bagrationi dynasty under the
4661:
4656:
4648:
1134:
Heraclius II's "curiously ambivalent position" in these decades is reflected in the coins issued by him in his realm. Silver coins were struck with the name of
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or any other power. However, despite these large concessions made to Russia, Heraclius II was successful in retaining internal autonomy in his kingdom.
1192:. For this purpose, he attempted to create a governing ĂŠlite composed of his own agents to replace the self-minded aristocratic lords in local affairs.
992:, as a reward for their loyalty. When Nader Shah died in 1747, Teimuraz II and Heraclius II capitalized on the instability in Iran proper, and declared
53:
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4586:
87:
4581:
4509:
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912:
1407:, which he had taken just some days earlier. On January 14, 1798, as King Heraclius II died, and he was succeeded on the throne by his eldest son,
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5003:
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1425:. In the same year, following the power vacuum in Georgia that got created mainly due to Agha Mohammad Khan's death, the Russian troops entered
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1463:
Paul tentatively accepted this offer, but before negotiations could be finalized, he changed his mind and issued a decree on December 18, 1800
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states, its permanent secession was inconceivable and had to be resisted in the same way as one would resist an attempt at the separation of
1242:, emerged victorious in the protracted power struggle in Iran. Qajar shah, Agha Mohammad Khan, as his first objective, resolved to bring the
1154:
up until 1799 â some twenty years after Karim Khan Zand's death. In the same decades, the copper coins struck at Tbilisi bore three types of
492:
5268:
5213:
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2020:
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of 1804â1813, Iran officially ceded the kingdom to Russia, marking the start of a Russian-centred chapter in Georgian history.
67:
1783:
450:
436:
411:
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2001:
1912:
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By this, after the conquest of Tbilisi and being in effective control of eastern Georgia, Agha Mohammad was formally crowned
1026:, by which he formally laid Kartli-Kakheti's investiture in the hands of the Russian monarch, and made the kingdom a Russian
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753:
2511:
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independence. After Teimuraz II died in 1762, Heraclius succeeded him as ruler of Kartli, thus unifying the two kingdoms.
745:
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184:
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1955:
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214:
167:
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1628:
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1408:
1319:
1181:
1066:
793:
248:
1460:
emperors. Continued pressure from Persia, also prompted George XII's request for Russian intervention.
4779:
4273:
4084:
4003:
3967:
3917:
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3701:
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3363:
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310:
140:
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2529:
2369:
1927:
1512:
1434:
1288:
1223:
1211:
1201:
1163:
1047:
1041:
In the next few years, having secured mainland Iran, the new Iranian king set out to reconquer the
721:
681:
581:
518:
323:
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4473:
4458:
4387:
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3831:
3826:
3791:
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3731:
3726:
3711:
3706:
3651:
3558:
3404:
3275:
3165:
3145:
3101:
3044:
3039:
3016:
2983:
2973:
2963:
2845:
2461:
2456:
2424:
2419:
2401:
2227:
1947:
1668:
1611:
1496:
1492:
1449:
1327:
969:
902:
869:
841:
789:
785:
777:
697:
669:
657:
402:
280:
1098:
had become the new ruler of Iran. Shortly after, in 1762-1763, during Karim Khan's campaigns in
2269:
5048:
5043:
4939:
4908:
4540:
4382:
4323:
4298:
4227:
4160:
4034:
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2235:
2213:
2194:
2173:
2143:
2083:
2026:
1959:
1908:
1789:
1704:
1318:
at the time, instructed Heraclius to avoid "expense and fuss", while Heraclius, together with
1263:
1099:
965:
941:
781:
689:
673:
577:
476:
388:
276:
207:
135:
122:
2188:
1302:, and after a turn of events by which he gathered more support from his subordinate khans of
17:
5203:
5108:
4913:
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4489:
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4202:
4050:
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3210:
3205:
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3195:
3185:
3180:
2873:
2619:
2016:
1457:
1453:
1445:
1404:
1367:
1311:
1206:
In the last few decades of the 18th century, Georgia had become a more important element in
1058:
887:
630:
613:
541:
537:
145:
5198:
5130:
4606:
4468:
4448:
4392:
4242:
3927:
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3646:
3641:
3501:
3491:
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3220:
3135:
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2828:
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2374:
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1279:
1259:
1219:
1147:
1108:
1095:
977:
973:
845:
809:
749:
737:
609:
1053:
The following years, which were spent in confusion, culminated in 1801 with the official
1991:
4925:
4069:
3851:
3836:
3801:
3541:
3536:
3419:
3353:
3225:
2883:
2858:
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2680:
2634:
1524:
1516:
1360:
1303:
1215:
1185:
1159:
1124:
1062:
1023:
813:
773:
701:
685:
429:
336:
1675:
1146:("O Gracious One"), whereby an epithet to God was invoked, which actually referred to
5187:
5088:
4983:
4960:
4918:
4830:
4701:
3716:
3481:
3476:
3255:
2898:
2756:
2715:
2695:
2278:
1468:
1429:. Pursuant to article VI of the 1783 treaty, Emperor Paul confirmed David's claim to
1422:
1392:
1348:
1307:
1273:
1262:
and Nader Shah before him, no different from the provinces in mainland Iran, such as
1239:
1031:
416:
1441:, to favor the accession of younger brothers of deceased kings over their own sons.
1310:, he sent Heraclius a last ultimatum, which he also declined, but, sent couriers to
5113:
4946:
4898:
3806:
3328:
3290:
3190:
2773:
1987:
1339:
1299:
1139:
1027:
1011:
573:
297:
150:
2158:
1238:
The consequences of these events came a few years later, when a new dynasty, the
5083:
4038:
3547:
3343:
3230:
3150:
2741:
2725:
1315:
1189:
1155:
1081:
637:
5125:
3593:
3531:
3450:
2690:
2655:
2190:
The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. 7: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic
2101:
Charters and other historical documents of the XVIII century regarding Georgia
1504:
1488:
1464:
1135:
1002:
981:
472:
443:
194:
1018:
autonomous for the next three decades to come. In 1783, Heraclius signed the
102:
89:
5038:
4571:
3952:
3942:
3511:
2818:
2705:
2309:
1412:
1352:
1292:
1227:
641:
3245:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
1487:. During the 1804â1813 war, the Russians scored a crucial victory over the
1411:(1746â1800) who, on February 22, 1799, recognized his own eldest son, the
1322:
and some Imeretians headed southwards of Tbilisi to fend off the Iranians.
2255:
2117:
EncyclopĂŚdia Britannica, "Treaty of Georgievsk", 2008, retrieved 2008-6-16
2078:
Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh, 1980, "Burke's Royal Families of the World:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1828:
1826:
1495:
saving Tbilisi from Iranian reconquest. The war eventually ended with the
5093:
4696:
4089:
3972:
3962:
3781:
3280:
2552:
2384:
1500:
1243:
1042:
994:
665:
2132:
Fisher, William Bayne; Avery, P.; Hambly, G. R. G; Melville, C. (1991).
1444:
The resulting dynastic upheaval prompted King George to secretly invite
4666:
4222:
4217:
3982:
3937:
3912:
3466:
3250:
3235:
3175:
2793:
2746:
2685:
2609:
2563:
2336:
2331:
1508:
1426:
1251:
1151:
1038:, which would prove pivotal in the history of the short-lived kingdom.
569:
545:
533:
468:
189:
81:
1467:
Kartli-Kakheti to Russia and deposing the Bagratids. Paul himself was
4903:
4671:
4232:
4212:
4064:
3977:
3240:
3140:
2783:
2639:
2346:
2270:
Boris Yeltsin Presidential Library: Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti webpage
2170:
Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia
2022:
Iran: Empire of the Mind: A History from Zoroaster to the Present Day
1997:
1935:
1400:
1255:
1247:
1176:
601:
549:
480:
1993:
The History of Persia from the Most Early Period to the Present Time
4129:
1430:
1383:
1080:
3947:
2788:
2778:
2768:
2751:
1335:
1128:
4133:
2525:
2282:
2521:
2046:. Vol. 7. Cambridge University Press. pp. 128â129.
1878:
1876:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1370:, who succeeded Catherine in November, shortly recalled it.
1363:
to the Qajar possessions on April of that year, but the new
1014:
quickly after the unification in 1762, the kingdom remained
1471:
shortly thereafter. It is said that his successor, Emperor
2193:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 63â104.
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1389:
Entrance of the Russian troops in Tiflis, 26 November 1799
2066:
1867:
1832:
1235:
against Ottoman Turkey had started on a different front.
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1499:, which forced Iran to officially cede eastern Georgia,
1359:, upon the proposal of Gudovich, and sent an army under
1210:
than some provinces in northern mainland Iran, such as
1507:
to Russia. By the 1826-28 war, Russia took modern-day
1355:
themselves. To restore Russian prestige, Catherine II
972:. From the early 16th century, according to the 1555
960:) was created in 1762 by the unification of the two
5076:
5019:
4875:
4797:
4714:
4687:
4647:
4548:
4482:
4421:
4256:
4180:
4171:
3996:
3905:
3619:
3382:
3316:
3128:
3119:
3015:
2997:
2929:
2844:
2809:
2802:
2734:
2648:
2592:
2470:
2410:
2355:
2324:
1701:
The Geography of Georgia: Problems and Perspectives
464:
346:
333:
320:
307:
290:
273:
261:
242:
227:
213:
203:
159:
128:
118:
77:
34:
2012:
2010:
1106:submission to him and received his investiture as
2112:
2110:
1374:Aftermath and absorption into the Russian Empire
1065:during the nominal ascension of Heraclius's son
5229:Vassal and tributary states of the Zand dynasty
1001:Heraclius was able, after centuries of Iranian
1635:
1575:
1069:to the Kartli-Kakhetian throne. Following the
945:
5289:States and territories disestablished in 1801
4145:
2537:
2294:
1437:order at the behest of his third wife, Queen
850:Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic
27:Georgian state in the Caucasus from 1762â1801
8:
5264:1800s disestablishments in Georgia (country)
1785:Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia 2003
1298:Agha Mohammad Khan subsequently crossed the
1258:under his rule. He viewed Georgia, like the
1882:
1844:
1085:Detail from the map by Claude Buffier, 1736
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4803:
4720:
4554:
4177:
4152:
4138:
4130:
3125:
2806:
2544:
2530:
2522:
2321:
2301:
2287:
2279:
1540:
487:
348:⢠Ratification of Russian annexation
66:
31:
5259:1760s establishments in Georgia (country)
5209:Early modern history of Georgia (country)
2160:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. VIII, Fasc. 5
2187:Perry, John (1991). "The Zand dynasty".
1754:
72:Extent of the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti.
1923:
1921:
1691:
499:
117:
2579:List of current non-sovereign monarchs
2080:Volume II Africa & the Middle East
1777:
1775:
2157:Hitchins, Keith (1998). "EREKLE II".
1904:Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia
1817:
1788:. Taylor & Francis. p. 170.
1766:
1452:princes, and govern the kingdom from
1448:to invade Kartli-Kakheti, subdue the
738:Armenia within the Kingdom of Georgia
345:
332:
319:
306:
289:
272:
268:
241:
226:
222:
212:
7:
1723:
1503:, as well as most of the modern-day
1010:submission to the newly established
1652:10 November 1746 â 28 December 1800
5254:18th century in the Russian Empire
4444:Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
2574:List of current sovereign monarchs
1158:; Christian, Georgian, "and even"
984:granted the kingship of Kartli to
862:Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
25:
5234:18th century in Georgia (country)
4294:Unification of the Georgian realm
2232:The Making of the Georgian Nation
1952:The Making of the Georgian Nation
1592:7 November 1720 â 11 January 1798
1380:Georgia within the Russian Empire
838:Georgia within the Russian Empire
694:Unification of the Georgian realm
5284:1801 disestablishments in Europe
4539:
4413:Absorption by the Russian Empire
3092:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
2510:
2254:
1674:
1617:
976:, these two kingdoms were under
507:
448:
434:
409:
395:
381:
52:
2569:Imperial, royal and noble ranks
2168:Mikaberidze, Alexander (2011).
988:and that of Kakheti to his son
5274:1801 disestablishments in Asia
5219:Former monarchies of West Asia
4429:Democratic Republic of Georgia
2488:Democratic Republic of Georgia
2042:Fisher, William Bayne (1991).
957:
854:Democratic Republic of Georgia
754:Collapse of the Georgian realm
730:Kingdom of Georgia (1256â1329)
1:
5279:1762 establishments in Europe
2135:The Cambridge History of Iran
2044:The Cambridge History of Iran
1907:Reaktion Books, 15 feb. 2013
1418:Davit Bagrationi-batonishvili
1150:. These coins were minted in
746:Turkoman invasions of Georgia
18:Kingdom of Kartli and Kakheti
5224:Former Russian protectorates
4689:Russian-occupied territories
4520:Timeline of Georgian history
2584:List of monarchy referendums
2234:. Indiana University Press.
1102:, Heraclius II tendered his
1094:become evident as well that
858:Red Army invasion of Georgia
742:Timurid invasions of Georgia
5269:1762 establishments in Asia
5214:Former monarchies of Europe
1932:A Modern History of Georgia
1537:List of monarchs of Georgia
1112:("governor", "viceroy") of
1048:captured and sacked Tbilisi
726:Mongol invasions of Georgia
650:Umayyad invasion of Georgia
5315:
5249:18th century in Azerbaijan
4248:Christianization of Iberia
2140:Cambridge University Press
2138:. Vol. 7. Cambridge:
1938:: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
1534:
1421:), 1767â1819, as official
1377:
1199:
734:Kingdom of Western Georgia
618:Christianization of Iberia
590:Artaxiad dynasty of Iberia
5194:Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
5145:
4884:
4806:
4723:
4557:
4537:
4403:Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
4376:Principality of Mingrelia
2559:
2508:
2478:Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
2430:Principality of Mingrelia
2320:
2262:Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
2212:. Oneworld Publications.
2172:. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO.
1782:Eur, Imogen Bell (2002).
1636:
1576:
1344:Cambridge History of Iran
1269:Cambridge History of Iran
1175:physically isolated from
946:
938:Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
818:Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
802:Principality of Mingrelia
706:Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti
606:Arsacid dynasty of Iberia
360:
356:
335:⢠Annexation to the
269:
257:
223:
185:Armenian Apostolic Church
65:
49:
44:
36:Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
4657:Administrative divisions
4398:Shah Abbas I's invasions
4361:Principality of Abkhazia
4304:First Kingdom of Kakheti
2721:Self-proclaimed monarchy
2462:Principality of Samtskhe
2435:Principality of Abkhazia
2397:First Kingdom of Kakheti
2025:Penguin UK, 6 nov. 2008
1956:Indiana University Press
1699:P. Singh, Vijay (2015).
1036:Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar
806:Principality of Abkhazia
586:Georgia in the Roman era
168:Georgian Orthodox Church
5244:18th century in Armenia
4366:Principality of Svaneti
4289:Kingdom of the Iberians
4193:ShulaveriâShomu culture
2989:Vatican City (Holy See)
2445:Principality of Svaneti
2208:Perry, John R. (2006).
1703:. Springer. p. 3.
1314:. Gudovich, who sat in
1208:Russo-Iranian relations
798:Principality of Svaneti
710:ByzantineâGeorgian wars
678:Kingdom of the Iberians
526:ShulaveriâShomu culture
119:Official languages
4264:Principality of Iberia
3271:Islands of Refreshment
2701:Legitimacy (political)
2365:Principality of Iberia
1607:Teimuraz II of Kakheti
1396:
1357:declared war on Persia
1289:Catherine II of Russia
1086:
958:kartl-k'akhetis samepo
714:Great Turkish Invasion
646:Principality of Iberia
275:⢠Unification of
4408:1795 Persian Invasion
4371:Principality of Guria
3082:Saint Kitts and Nevis
2671:Criticism of monarchy
2661:Abolition of monarchy
2440:Principality of Guria
2265:at Wikimedia Commons
2099:Tsagareli, A (1902).
1403:, the capital of the
1387:
1351:put the blame on the
1180:that of contemporary
1084:
794:Principality of Guria
173:Orthodox Christianity
103:41.72250°N 44.79250°E
5239:18th century in Iran
5004:World Heritage Sites
4587:Environmental issues
2914:United Arab Emirates
1928:Lang, David Marshall
1121:Treaty of Georgievsk
1034:, had emerged under
1020:Treaty of Georgievsk
947:áĽáá áá-áááŽáááᥠáĄáááá¤á
767:Early modern history
718:GeorgianâSeljuk wars
654:Arab rule in Georgia
598:IberianâArmenian War
311:Treaty of Georgievsk
39:áĽáá áá-áááŽáááᥠáĄáááá¤á
4454:Independent Georgia
4284:Kingdom of Abkhazia
4198:KuraâAraxes culture
4188:Prehistoric Georgia
4110:Trinidad and Tobago
3997:Commonwealth realms
3882:United Baltic Duchy
3025:Antigua and Barbuda
3017:Commonwealth realms
2711:Order of succession
2370:Kingdom of Abkhazia
2228:Suny, Ronald Grigor
2163:. pp. 541â542.
2103:. pp. 287â288.
1976:A history of Persia
1948:Suny, Ronald Grigor
1820:, pp. 108â109.
1757:, pp. 541â542.
1665:Son of Heraclius II
1513:Nakhichevan Khanate
1505:Azerbaijan Republic
1202:Battle of Krtsanisi
1182:enlightened despots
1164:double-headed eagle
1142:-style inscription
1138:on it, or with the
722:Georgian Golden Age
682:Kingdom of Abkhazia
582:Pharnavazid dynasty
530:KuraâAraxes culture
519:Prehistoric Georgia
164:State and majority
99: /
4846:Telecommunications
4474:Russo-Georgian War
4388:Kingdom of Kakheti
4356:Kingdom of Imereti
4351:Turkmen incursions
4346:Samtskhe atabegate
4309:Kingdom of Georgia
4279:Emirate of Tbilisi
4269:Bagrationi dynasty
2457:Kingdom of Kakheti
2425:Kingdom of Imereti
2420:Kingdom of Georgia
2402:Emirate of Tbilisi
2379:Principalities of
2312:states throughout
2067:Fisher et al. 1991
1868:Fisher et al. 1991
1833:Fisher et al. 1991
1497:Treaty of Gulistan
1397:
1087:
1057:of the kingdom by
980:control. In 1744,
870:Russo-Georgian War
866:Georgia since 1991
842:1832 Georgian plot
790:Kingdom of Imereti
786:Kingdom of Kakheti
778:Samtskhe-Saatabago
698:Kingdom of Georgia
670:Bagrationi dynasty
658:Emirate of Tbilisi
594:Campaign of Pompey
501:History of Georgia
403:Kingdom of Kakheti
352:September 12, 1801
296:submission to the
281:Kingdom of Kakheti
129:Regional languages
108:41.72250; 44.79250
5181:
5180:
5141:
5140:
5034:Ethnic minorities
4963:
4956:
4949:
4942:
4871:
4870:
4793:
4792:
4775:Political parties
4738:Foreign relations
4710:
4709:
4535:
4534:
4439:Red Army invasion
4383:Kingdom of Kartli
4341:Timur's invasions
4324:Battle of Didgori
4299:Kingdom of Hereti
4228:Kingdom of Iberia
4127:
4126:
4123:
4122:
3812:Piedmont-Sardinia
3564:Sip Song Chau Tai
3374:Thirteen Colonies
3115:
3114:
2519:
2518:
2506:
2505:
2483:Republic of Guria
2452:Kingdom of Kartli
2392:Kingdom of Hereti
2259:Media related to
1988:Malcolm, Sir John
1901:Donald Rayfield.
1683:
1682:
1071:Russo-Persian War
932:
931:
782:Kingdom of Kartli
690:Duchy of Kldekari
674:Kingdom of Hereti
666:Duchy of Klarjeti
578:Kingdom of Iberia
534:Legend of Kartlos
486:
485:
460:
459:
456:
455:
422:
421:
389:Kingdom of Kartli
342:December 18, 1800
277:Kingdom of Kartli
244:⢠1798â1800
229:⢠1762â1798
208:Absolute monarchy
176:
16:(Redirected from
5306:
5299:Christian states
5294:Former countries
5161:
5154:
4959:
4952:
4945:
4938:
4882:
4804:
4721:
4662:Cities and towns
4597:Greater Caucasus
4555:
4543:
4505:Military history
4490:Names of Georgia
4336:Mongol invasions
4208:Colchian culture
4203:Trialeti culture
4178:
4154:
4147:
4140:
4131:
4051:Irish Free State
3817:PolandâLithuania
3126:
3077:Papua New Guinea
2807:
2546:
2539:
2532:
2523:
2514:
2322:
2303:
2296:
2289:
2280:
2275:
2258:
2245:
2223:
2204:
2183:
2164:
2153:
2119:
2114:
2105:
2104:
2096:
2090:
2076:
2070:
2064:
2051:
2050:
2039:
2033:
2017:Michael Axworthy
2014:
2005:
1985:
1979:
1972:
1966:
1945:
1939:
1925:
1916:
1899:
1886:
1883:Mikaberidze 2011
1880:
1871:
1865:
1848:
1845:Mikaberidze 2011
1842:
1836:
1830:
1821:
1815:
1800:
1799:
1779:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1727:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1696:
1679:
1678:
1662:28 December 1800
1655:
1651:
1649:
1639:
1638:
1622:
1621:
1595:
1591:
1589:
1579:
1578:
1541:
1517:Lankaran Khanate
1446:Paul I of Russia
1405:Karabakh khanate
1277:the part of the
1160:Imperial Russian
962:eastern Georgian
959:
956:
949:
948:
908:Military history
882:History by topic
614:Chosroid dynasty
542:Colchian culture
538:Trialeti culture
511:
488:
452:
451:
438:
437:
426:
425:
413:
412:
399:
398:
385:
384:
378:
377:
362:
361:
253:
238:
170:
114:
113:
111:
110:
109:
104:
100:
97:
96:
95:
92:
70:
56:
32:
21:
5314:
5313:
5309:
5308:
5307:
5305:
5304:
5303:
5184:
5183:
5182:
5177:
5164:
5157:
5150:
5137:
5072:
5015:
4989:Public holidays
4867:
4831:Lari (currency)
4789:
4760:Law enforcement
4706:
4683:
4643:
4622:Protected areas
4607:Lesser Caucasus
4544:
4531:
4478:
4469:Rose Revolution
4464:War in Abkhazia
4449:April 9 tragedy
4417:
4393:Safavid Georgia
4252:
4243:Sasanian Iberia
4167:
4158:
4128:
4119:
4044:princely states
3992:
3928:Kingdom of Fiji
3901:
3647:Austria-Hungary
3615:
3378:
3312:
3111:
3097:Solomon Islands
3011:
2993:
2925:
2840:
2798:
2730:
2676:Democratization
2644:
2588:
2555:
2550:
2520:
2515:
2502:
2466:
2412:
2406:
2375:Bagratid Iberia
2357:
2351:
2316:
2307:
2273:
2252:
2242:
2226:
2220:
2210:Karim Khan Zand
2207:
2201:
2186:
2180:
2167:
2156:
2150:
2131:
2128:
2123:
2122:
2115:
2108:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2077:
2073:
2065:
2054:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2015:
2008:
1996:, pp. 189-191.
1986:
1982:
1978:, Vol. 2, p.293
1973:
1969:
1946:
1942:
1926:
1919:
1900:
1889:
1881:
1874:
1866:
1851:
1843:
1839:
1831:
1824:
1816:
1803:
1796:
1781:
1780:
1773:
1765:
1761:
1753:
1730:
1722:
1718:
1711:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1673:
1659:11 January 1798
1653:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1616:
1602:11 January 1798
1593:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1539:
1533:
1439:Darejan (Darya)
1382:
1376:
1338:in 1796 in the
1204:
1198:
1172:
1170:Court and reign
1148:Karim Khan Zand
1096:Karim Khan Zand
1079:
974:Peace of Amasya
951:
934:
933:
928:
927:
883:
875:
874:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
846:Gurian Republic
844:
840:
833:
823:
822:
816:
812:
810:Safavid Georgia
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
769:
759:
758:
752:
750:Duchy of Aragvi
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
686:Theme of Iberia
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
633:
623:
622:
616:
612:
610:Sasanian Iberia
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
565:
563:Ancient history
555:
554:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
521:
479:
475:
471:
449:
435:
410:
396:
382:
349:
339:
326:
313:
300:
283:
251:
245:
236:
230:
199:
177:
166:
155:
107:
105:
101:
98:
93:
90:
88:
86:
85:
84:
73:
61:
60:
57:
40:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5312:
5310:
5302:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
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5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5186:
5185:
5179:
5178:
5176:
5175:
5170:
5163:
5162:
5155:
5147:
5146:
5143:
5142:
5139:
5138:
5136:
5135:
5134:
5133:
5123:
5122:
5121:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5080:
5078:
5074:
5073:
5071:
5070:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5052:
5051:
5046:
5036:
5031:
5025:
5023:
5017:
5016:
5014:
5013:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4965:
4964:
4957:
4950:
4943:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4922:
4921:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4885:
4879:
4873:
4872:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4865:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4841:Stock Exchange
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4807:
4801:
4795:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4787:
4785:Prime Minister
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4756:
4755:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4724:
4718:
4712:
4711:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4704:
4699:
4693:
4691:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4681:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4653:
4651:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4641:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4617:National parks
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4558:
4552:
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4507:
4502:
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4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4379:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4327:
4326:
4316:
4314:Byzantine wars
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4260:
4258:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4184:
4182:
4175:
4169:
4168:
4159:
4157:
4156:
4149:
4142:
4134:
4125:
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4120:
4118:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4048:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4006:
4000:
3998:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3909:
3907:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3802:Ottoman Empire
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3762:Kartli-Kakheti
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
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3509:
3504:
3499:
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3484:
3479:
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3469:
3464:
3459:
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3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
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3379:
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3356:
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3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3320:
3318:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3171:Central Africa
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3132:
3130:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3107:United Kingdom
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3021:
3019:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3003:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2935:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2850:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2815:
2813:
2804:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2764:Prince regnant
2761:
2760:
2759:
2749:
2744:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2681:Decolonization
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2637:
2635:Personal union
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2605:Constitutional
2602:
2596:
2594:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2549:
2548:
2541:
2534:
2526:
2517:
2516:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2474:
2472:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2422:
2416:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2388:
2387:
2372:
2367:
2361:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2328:
2326:
2318:
2317:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2298:
2291:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2251:
2250:External links
2248:
2247:
2246:
2241:978-0253209153
2240:
2224:
2219:978-1851684359
2218:
2205:
2199:
2184:
2179:978-1598843361
2178:
2165:
2154:
2148:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2106:
2091:
2071:
2069:, p. 329.
2052:
2034:
2006:
1980:
1967:
1940:
1917:
1887:
1885:, p. 409.
1872:
1870:, p. 328.
1849:
1847:, p. 327.
1837:
1835:, p. 327.
1822:
1801:
1794:
1771:
1759:
1728:
1716:
1709:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1671:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1656:(aged 54)
1643:
1641:
1640:
1632:
1624:
1623:
1614:
1609:
1603:
1600:
1599:8 January 1762
1597:
1596:(aged 77)
1583:
1581:
1580:
1572:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1535:Main article:
1532:
1529:
1525:Ottoman Empire
1454:St. Petersburg
1378:Main article:
1375:
1372:
1361:Valerian Zubov
1312:St. Petersburg
1200:Main article:
1197:
1196:Qajar invasion
1194:
1186:Central Europe
1171:
1168:
1078:
1075:
1063:Russian Empire
1024:Russian Empire
930:
929:
926:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
884:
881:
880:
877:
876:
873:
872:
834:
831:Modern history
829:
828:
825:
824:
821:
820:
814:Childir Eyalet
774:Duchy of Ksani
770:
765:
764:
761:
760:
757:
756:
702:Duchy of Racha
634:
629:
628:
625:
624:
621:
620:
566:
561:
560:
557:
556:
553:
552:
522:
517:
516:
513:
512:
504:
503:
497:
496:
484:
483:
466:
462:
461:
458:
457:
454:
453:
446:
440:
439:
432:
430:Russian Empire
423:
420:
419:
414:
406:
405:
400:
392:
391:
386:
374:
373:
368:
358:
357:
354:
353:
350:
347:
344:
343:
340:
337:Russian Empire
334:
331:
330:
327:
324:Qajar invasion
321:
318:
317:
314:
308:
305:
304:
301:
291:
288:
287:
284:
274:
271:
270:
267:
266:
263:
259:
258:
255:
254:
246:
243:
240:
239:
231:
228:
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205:
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187:
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161:
157:
156:
154:
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126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
79:
75:
74:
71:
63:
62:
58:
51:
50:
47:
46:
42:
41:
38:
35:
30:
29:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5311:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5191:
5189:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5165:
5160:
5156:
5153:
5149:
5148:
5144:
5132:
5129:
5128:
5127:
5124:
5120:
5117:
5116:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5089:Bolnisi cross
5087:
5085:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5075:
5069:
5068:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5041:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5024:
5022:
5018:
5012:
5011:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4962:
4958:
4955:
4951:
4948:
4944:
4941:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4920:
4917:
4916:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4886:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4874:
4864:
4863:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4808:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4796:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4754:
4751:
4750:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4713:
4703:
4702:South Ossetia
4700:
4698:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4690:
4686:
4680:
4679:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
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4658:
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4640:
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4635:
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4628:
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4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
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4590:
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4364:
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4347:
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4342:
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4334:
4332:
4329:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
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4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
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4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4255:
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4239:
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4234:
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4224:
4221:
4219:
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4211:
4209:
4206:
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4201:
4199:
4196:
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4189:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4155:
4150:
4148:
4143:
4141:
4136:
4135:
4132:
4116:
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4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
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4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
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4013:
4010:
4007:
4005:
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3999:
3995:
3989:
3986:
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3979:
3976:
3974:
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3969:
3966:
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3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3923:Easter Island
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3904:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
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3808:
3805:
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3800:
3798:
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3775:
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3770:
3768:
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3735:
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3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
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3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
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3688:
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3675:
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3670:
3668:
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3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
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3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3618:
3611:
3610:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
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3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3462:Jabal Shammar
3460:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2954:Liechtenstein
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2808:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2758:
2757:Queen regnant
2755:
2754:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2716:Republicanism
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2696:Head of state
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2630:Non-sovereign
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2591:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2558:
2554:
2547:
2542:
2540:
2535:
2533:
2528:
2527:
2524:
2513:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2471:Modern period
2469:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2411:High and Late
2409:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2377:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2362:
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2354:
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2340:
2338:
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2329:
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2304:
2299:
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2285:
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2257:
2249:
2243:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2202:
2200:9780521200950
2196:
2192:
2191:
2185:
2181:
2175:
2171:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2155:
2151:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2118:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2102:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2088:0-85011-029-7
2085:
2081:
2075:
2072:
2068:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1964:0-253-20915-3
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1795:1-85743-137-5
1791:
1787:
1786:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1769:, p. 96.
1768:
1763:
1760:
1756:
1755:Hitchins 1998
1751:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1726:, p. 55.
1725:
1720:
1717:
1712:
1710:9783319054131
1706:
1702:
1695:
1692:
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1677:
1672:
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1442:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1423:heir apparent
1420:
1419:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1394:
1393:Franz Roubaud
1390:
1386:
1381:
1373:
1371:
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1209:
1203:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1162:(such as the
1161:
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1072:
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1060:
1056:
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1049:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1032:Qajar dynasty
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1004:
999:
997:
996:
991:
987:
983:
979:
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731:
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723:
719:
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683:
679:
675:
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619:
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611:
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583:
579:
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564:
559:
558:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
524:
523:
520:
515:
514:
510:
506:
505:
502:
498:
494:
490:
489:
482:
478:
474:
470:
467:
465:Today part of
463:
447:
445:
442:
441:
433:
431:
428:
427:
424:
418:
417:Afsharid Iran
415:
408:
407:
404:
401:
394:
393:
390:
387:
380:
379:
376:
375:
372:
369:
367:
364:
363:
359:
355:
351:
341:
338:
328:
325:
316:July 24, 1783
315:
312:
302:
299:
295:
285:
282:
278:
264:
260:
256:
250:
247:
235:
232:
218:
216:
209:
206:
202:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
182:
180:
174:
169:
165:
162:
158:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
133:
131:
127:
124:
121:
112:
83:
80:
76:
69:
64:
55:
48:
43:
33:
19:
5114:Saint George
5099:Coat of arms
5065:
5021:Demographics
5008:
4894:Architecture
4860:
4816:Central bank
4748:Human rights
4728:Constitution
4676:
4649:Subdivisions
4636:
4524:
4434:Armenian War
4402:
4100:South Africa
4095:Sierra Leone
4042:
3872:Two Sicilies
3807:Papal States
3761:
3607:
3546:
3439:
3305:
3065:Cook Islands
2918:
2904:Saudi Arabia
2833:
2493:Georgian SSR
2477:
2274:(in English)
2261:
2253:
2231:
2209:
2189:
2169:
2159:
2134:
2100:
2094:
2079:
2074:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2021:
1992:
1983:
1975:
1970:
1951:
1943:
1931:
1903:
1840:
1784:
1762:
1719:
1700:
1694:
1654:(1800-12-28)
1627:
1594:(1798-01-11)
1569:Heraclius II
1567:
1491:army at the
1477:
1469:assassinated
1462:
1443:
1416:
1398:
1388:
1343:
1340:Mughan plain
1333:
1324:
1297:
1285:
1283:of Georgia.
1278:
1267:
1237:
1205:
1173:
1143:
1133:
1118:
1113:
1107:
1103:
1088:
1052:
1040:
1028:protectorate
1015:
1012:Zand dynasty
1007:
1000:
993:
990:Heraclius II
964:kingdoms of
937:
935:
817:
662:Duchy of Tao
574:Aryan Kartli
371:Succeeded by
370:
365:
298:Zand dynasty
293:
234:Heraclius II
178:
163:
151:Pontic Greek
59:Coat of arms
5056:Health care
4811:Agriculture
4582:Earthquakes
4319:Seljuk wars
4039:British Raj
4011:(Sri Lanka)
3897:WĂźrttemberg
3609:South Yemen
3497:Maguindanao
3390:Afghanistan
3151:Barotseland
3087:Saint Lucia
3060:New Zealand
2969:Netherlands
2742:Chhatrapati
2726:Sovereignty
2666:Aristocracy
2413:Middle Ages
2358:Middle Ages
2002:John Murray
1550:Reign start
1493:Zagam river
1473:Alexander I
1190:aristocracy
1156:iconography
1061:within the
986:Teimuraz II
638:Iberian War
631:Middle Ages
366:Preceded by
141:Azerbaijani
106: /
5188:Categories
5126:Saint Nino
4954:Mingrelian
4935:Languages
4770:Parliament
4743:Government
4331:Golden Age
4105:Tanganyika
4020:The Gambia
3948:NiuÄ-Fekai
3887:Yugoslavia
3787:Montenegro
3594:Upper Yafa
3589:Upper Asir
3226:Madagascar
2959:Luxembourg
2691:Government
2656:Abdication
2625:Hereditary
2553:Monarchies
2149:0521200954
2082:, page 59
2031:0141903414
1913:1780230702
1818:Perry 2006
1767:Perry 1991
1686:References
1669:Bagrationi
1648:1746-11-10
1637:áááá áá XII
1629:George XII
1612:Bagrationi
1588:1720-11-07
1450:Bagrationi
1435:succession
1409:George XII
1320:Solomon II
1316:Georgievsk
1300:Aras River
1212:Mazandaran
1136:Ismail III
1100:Azerbaijan
1067:George XII
1055:annexation
1003:suzerainty
982:Nader Shah
923:Chronology
473:Azerbaijan
444:Qajar Iran
249:George XII
204:Government
195:Shia Islam
94:44°47â˛33âłE
91:41°43â˛21âłN
5039:Georgians
5029:Education
4979:Mythology
4856:Transport
4821:Companies
4780:President
4733:Elections
4632:Volcanoes
4572:Black Sea
4550:Geography
4459:Civil War
4274:Arab rule
4238:Roman era
4075:Mauritius
3968:Rarotonga
3953:Nuku Hiva
3943:Mangareva
3918:Bora Bora
3797:Neuchâtel
3767:Lithuania
3672:Catalonia
3559:Sri Lanka
3512:Manchukuo
3487:Kurdistan
3441:Indonesia
3364:Talamanca
3324:AraucanĂa
3307:and other
3286:Wassoulou
3030:Australia
2706:Oligarchy
2325:Antiquity
1974:P.Sykes,
1954:, p. 59.
1934:, p. 38.
1724:Suny 1994
1577:áá áááá II
1553:Reign end
1485:1826â1828
1481:1804â1813
1413:Tsarevich
1353:Georgians
1342:. As the
1293:ultimatum
1266:. As the
1228:Black Sea
1224:Catherine
1218:. Unlike
1114:Gorjestan
1022:with the
953:romanized
888:Etymology
642:Lazic War
303:1762â1763
160:Religion
45:1762â1801
5168:Category
5094:Borjgali
5049:Diaspora
4994:Religion
4940:Georgian
4931:Gambling
4889:Alphabet
4765:Military
4716:Politics
4697:Abkhazia
4592:Glaciers
4495:Monarchs
4483:By topic
4165:articles
4090:Rhodesia
4085:Pakistan
4004:Barbados
3973:Rimatara
3963:Rapa Iti
3892:Valencia
3867:Tavolara
3857:Scotland
3822:Portugal
3782:Moldavia
3667:Bulgaria
3662:Brittany
3637:Asturias
3517:Mongolia
3507:Maldives
3369:Trinidad
3359:Suriname
3317:Americas
3301:Zimbabwe
3296:Zanzibar
3281:Wituland
3256:Ngazidja
3251:Ndzuwani
3186:Ethiopia
2909:Thailand
2889:Malaysia
2869:Cambodia
2819:Eswatini
2615:Elective
2600:Absolute
2385:Klarjeti
2310:Georgian
2230:(1994).
1990:(1829),
1950:(1994),
1930:(1962),
1547:Lifespan
1501:Dagestan
1465:annexing
1349:Gudovich
1264:Khorasan
1260:Safavids
1244:Caucasus
1214:or even
1144:ya karim
1043:Caucasus
1016:de facto
995:de facto
942:Georgian
893:Monarchs
493:a series
491:Part of
179:Minority
136:Armenian
123:Georgian
5204:Kakheti
5152:Outline
5077:Symbols
4914:Cuisine
4877:Culture
4851:Tourism
4799:Economy
4672:Regions
4667:Tbilisi
4612:Mammals
4577:Climate
4562:Borders
4515:Battles
4223:Colchis
4218:Diauehi
4173:History
4161:Georgia
4080:Nigeria
4055:Ireland
3983:Tahuata
3958:Raiatea
3938:Huahine
3913:Abemama
3906:Oceania
3877:Tuscany
3832:Romania
3827:Prussia
3792:Navarre
3772:Majorca
3752:Ireland
3747:Imereti
3742:Iceland
3737:Hungary
3732:Hanover
3727:Granada
3717:Germany
3712:Georgia
3707:Galicia
3697:Finland
3687:Corsica
3682:Cilicia
3652:Bavaria
3642:Austria
3627:Albania
3599:Vietnam
3542:Sarawak
3532:Qu'aiti
3467:Kathiri
3430:Dapitan
3405:Bukhara
3354:Miskito
3276:Tunisia
3266:Shilluk
3176:Dahomey
3166:Burundi
3156:Bagirmi
3136:Adamawa
3055:Jamaica
3050:Grenada
3035:Bahamas
2999:Oceania
2949:Denmark
2944:Belgium
2939:Andorra
2854:Bahrain
2829:Morocco
2824:Lesotho
2803:Current
2794:Pharaoh
2747:Emperor
2686:Dynasty
2640:Regency
2620:Federal
2610:Diarchy
2564:Monarch
2498:Georgia
2337:Colchis
2332:Diauehi
2314:history
2126:Sources
1605:Son of
1509:Armenia
1489:Iranian
1458:Romanov
1427:Tbilisi
1415:David (
1328:Imereti
1252:Isfahan
1220:Peter I
1152:Tbilisi
1104:de jure
1077:History
1008:de jure
978:Iranian
970:Kakheti
918:Battles
903:Tbilisi
570:Colchis
546:Diauehi
477:Georgia
469:Armenia
322:â˘
309:â˘
294:De jure
292:â˘
262:History
237:(first)
190:Judaism
146:Persian
82:Tbilisi
78:Capital
5199:Kartli
5173:Portal
5084:Anthem
4999:Sports
4909:Cinema
4904:Chokha
4836:Mining
4826:Energy
4627:Rivers
4500:States
4422:Modern
4257:Middle
4233:Lazica
4213:Mushki
4163:
4115:Uganda
4065:Malawi
4030:Guyana
4009:Ceylon
3988:Tahiti
3978:Rurutu
3933:Hawaii
3862:Serbia
3847:Saxony
3837:Russia
3722:Greece
3702:France
3692:Cyprus
3677:Crimea
3657:Bosnia
3632:Aragon
3620:Europe
3584:Taiwan
3554:Sikkim
3537:Ryukyu
3522:Najran
3420:Chehab
3400:Bengal
3349:Mexico
3334:Brazil
3261:Rwanda
3241:Maravi
3141:Ankole
3129:Africa
3121:Former
3102:Tuvalu
3045:Canada
3040:Belize
2984:Sweden
2974:Norway
2964:Monaco
2931:Europe
2884:Kuwait
2879:Jordan
2864:Brunei
2859:Bhutan
2811:Africa
2784:Sultan
2735:Titles
2649:Topics
2383:&
2347:Lazica
2342:Iberia
2238:
2216:
2197:
2176:
2146:
2086:
2029:
1998:London
1962:
1936:London
1911:
1792:
1707:
1559:Family
1515:, the
1511:, the
1401:Shusha
1395:, 1886
1368:Paul I
1304:Erivan
1256:Tabriz
1254:, and
1248:Shiraz
1240:Qajars
1177:Europe
1125:Russia
1059:Paul I
966:Kartli
944::
898:States
602:Lazica
550:Mushki
495:on the
481:Russia
265:
252:(last)
219:
5159:Index
5131:cross
5119:cross
5109:Motto
5061:Women
4984:Names
4974:Music
4969:Media
4926:Dance
4602:Lakes
4567:Birds
4181:Early
4070:Malta
4060:Kenya
4035:India
4025:Ghana
3852:Savoy
3842:Samos
3757:Italy
3604:Yemen
3579:Tibet
3574:Syria
3527:Nepal
3502:Mahra
3482:Kumul
3477:Korea
3472:Khiva
3451:Qajar
3435:Hejaz
3425:China
3410:Burma
3339:Haiti
3329:Aztec
3246:Mwali
3236:Maore
3216:Libya
3211:Kongo
3206:Kaffa
3201:Gumma
3196:Gomma
3191:Ghana
3181:Egypt
3161:Bornu
3146:Aussa
3007:Tonga
2979:Spain
2899:Qatar
2874:Japan
2356:Early
1915:p 255
1562:Image
1556:Notes
1531:Kings
1521:IÄdÄąr
1431:reign
1391:, by
1308:Ganja
1216:Gilan
1123:with
1091:khans
5104:Flag
5067:more
5044:List
5010:more
4961:Svan
4919:Wine
4862:more
4753:LGBT
4678:more
4638:more
4526:more
4510:Wars
4015:Fiji
3569:Sulu
3548:Shan
3492:Laos
3457:Iraq
3447:Iran
3415:Cebu
3395:Asir
3383:Asia
3344:Inca
3291:Yeke
3231:Mali
3221:Luba
3070:Niue
2920:list
2894:Oman
2846:Asia
2835:list
2789:Shah
2779:Tsar
2774:khan
2769:Raja
2752:King
2593:Type
2236:ISBN
2214:ISBN
2195:ISBN
2174:ISBN
2144:ISBN
2084:ISBN
2027:ISBN
1960:ISBN
1909:ISBN
1790:ISBN
1705:ISBN
1544:Name
1519:and
1483:and
1365:Tsar
1336:Shah
1306:and
1280:vali
1274:Fars
1140:Zand
1129:Iran
1109:vali
968:and
936:The
913:Wars
329:1795
286:1762
279:and
215:King
4947:Laz
4899:Art
3777:Man
2381:Tao
1233:war
1184:in
5190::
4053:/
4041:,
2142:.
2109:^
2055:^
2019:.
2009:^
2000::
1958:,
1920:^
1890:^
1875:^
1852:^
1825:^
1804:^
1774:^
1731:^
1527:.
1295:.
1250:,
1222:,
950:,
4153:e
4146:t
4139:v
4047:)
4037:(
3612:)
3606:(
3453:)
3449:(
2545:e
2538:t
2531:v
2302:e
2295:t
2288:v
2272:â
2244:.
2222:.
2203:.
2182:.
2152:.
2004:.
1798:.
1713:.
1650:)
1646:(
1590:)
1586:(
955::
940:(
175:)
171:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
