1434:
1525:
1307:. The incompatibility of the La Galigo's trade-based political economy with the agricultural economies of other South Sulawesi kingdoms has led scholars to posit an intervening period of chaos to separate the two societies chronologically. Archaeological and textual research carried out since the 1980s has undermined this chronology, however. Extensive surveys and excavations in Luwu have revealed that the Bugis-speaking kingdom is a century or so younger than the oldest polities of the southwest peninsula. The earliest textual reference to Luwu is in the
1295:, is the likely source of the dating. Morris' theory combined two older concepts which were already common in the region, which are (1) the so-called 'primordial age' as described within La Galigo, and (2) the widespread belief of other Bugis polities in South Sulawesi, who viewed the rulers of Luwu as the most senior lineages of all Bugis rulers. However, historians and archaeologists expressed doubts regarding these claims. They note that any historical records and chronologies of Luwu were 'disappointingly shallow' and 'absent of any evidence'.
1352:(ruler) of Luwu to enforce peace among neighboring hill tribes. The main centres of Bugis settlement were (and still are) Bua, Ponrang, Malangke, and Cerekang near Malili. The migration of Bugis from the central lakes area to Luwu was evidently led by members of Cina's ruling family, a loose coalition of high-ranking families claiming a common ancestry that ruled settlements across the Cenrana and Walennae valleys. This can be surmised from the fact that Luwu and Cina share the same founding myth of a
207:
61:
1675:
1197:
1524:
1356:
or heavenly-descended being called
Simpurusia, and that both versions of this myth state that Simpurusia descended at Lompo, in Sengkang. Cina was absorbed in the 16th century by its former tributaries of Soppeng and Wajo, after which its ruling family effectively vanished. However, the ancient line
1347:
languages who lived on the coastal lowlands and foothills, while the highland valleys are home to groups speaking other
Central and South Sulawesi languages. The Bugis are found almost solely along the coast, to which they have evidently migrated in order to trade with Luwu's indigenous peoples. It
1449:, wrote in the 1830s that ‘Luwu is the oldest Bugis state, and the most decayed. Palopo is a miserable town, consisting of about 300 houses, scattered and dilapidated. It is difficult to believe that Luwu could ever have been a powerful state, except in a very low state of native civilisation.’
1372:
on the central coastal plain. The smelted iron was worked into weapons and agricultural tools and exported to the rice-growing southern lowlands. This brought the kingdom great wealth, and by the mid-14th century Luwu had become the feared overlord of large parts of the southwest and southeast
1357:
of Cina's rulers are believed to continue in Luwu until the abolition of the kingdoms in 1954. It is likely that the widespread belief that Luwu is older than other South
Sulawesi kingdoms stems partly from this illustrious lineage and accounts for the precedence today of the
1421:. It is not known why this sprawling settlement, the population of which may have reached 15,000 in the 16th century, was suddenly abandoned: possibilities include religious turmoil, the declining price of iron goods and the economic potential of trade with the
1413:, taking as his title Sultan Muhammad Wali Mu’z’hir (or Muzahir) al-din. La Patiwareq is buried at Malangke and is referred to in the chronicles as Matinroe ri Wareq, ‘He who sleeps at Wareq’, the former palace-centre of Luwuq. His religious teacher,
1298:
Meanwhile, the Bugis world described in La Galigo depicted a vaguely defined world of coastal and riverine kingdoms whose economies are based on trade. Two early centers of this world were Luwu and the kingdom of Cina (pronounced
1481:, whose ore were both imported and extracted locally iron ore. Luwu's prestige, which came through iron mining activities and ironware exports in the past, led to the island on which Luwu existed to be known as
1319:
in southern part of the island, and Uda (possibly Cina) as the three major powers on the peninsula. However, there are no convincing archaeological evidence of Bugis settlement in Luwu region before c.1300.
1373:
peninsula. The earliest identifiable ruler is
Bataraguru (mid-15th century) whose name appears in a peace treaty with Bone. However, the first ruler for which we have any detailed information was
1433:
1592:
1587‒1615: Andi
Pattiware' Daéng Parabung or Pati Arase, titled Petta Matinroé ri Malangké (Petta Luwu) “as the first king to accept the teachings of Islamic law under Datuk Sulaiman”
907:
1943:
1348:
is clear both from archaeological and textual sources that Luwu was a Bugis-led coalition of various ethnic groups, united by trade relationships and by the ability of the
887:
1851:
Narrative of events in Borneo and
Celebes down to the occupation of Labuan. From the Journals of James Brooke, Esq. Rajah of Sarawak and Governor of Labuan by Captain
867:
1225:
1331:
is not a merely Bugis-speaking area only: it is a thinly populated region of great ethnic diversity in which Bugis speakers are a minority among the speakers of
956:
1643:
1935‒1945 & 1950‒1965: Andi Djemma, titled Petta
Matinroe' ri Amaradekanna is a Pajung National Hero of the Republic of Indonesia from South Sulawesi
2583:
1936:
1389:. Luwu's power was eclipsed in the 16th century by the rising power of the southern agrarian kingdoms, and its military defeats are set out in the
1777:
Land of iron: The historical archeology of Luwu and the
Cenrana valley. Results of the Origins of Complex Society in South Sulawesi Project (OXIS)
1800:
1001:
1142:
1929:
1528:
The Queen of Luwu, Wé Kambo Daëng
Risompa, and her second husband, La Batjo To Vapilé Opoe Patoenroe, first member of the Andat of Luwu.
1102:
1218:
1164:
1465:
mine and is experiencing an economic boom fueled by inward migration, yet it still retains much of its original frontier atmosphere.
1892:
1262:
kingdoms in
Sulawesi, founded between the 10th and 14th century. However, recent archaeological research has challenged this idea.
1122:
1745:(in Indonesian). Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan, Balai Kajian Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional.
1640:
1901‒1935: Andi Kambo, also known as Siti Husaimah Andi Kambo Opu Daéng Risompa Sultan Zaenab, titled Petta Matinroé ri Bintanna.
1157:
1147:
1137:
1132:
1112:
2249:
1174:
966:
214:
1211:
1179:
1169:
1152:
1117:
1041:
1011:
946:
776:
479:
302:
186:
2593:
795:
488:
1021:
2407:
2094:
976:
60:
1381:
1495‒1520). Stories current today in South Sulawesi tell of his aggressive attacks on the neighboring kingdoms of
1364:
Luwu's political economy was based on the smelting of iron ore brought down, via the Lemolang-speaking polity of
1127:
2507:
2239:
1577:
Late 15th century: To Sangkawana (= La Pasampoi, Maddanreng ri Talottenreng in Wajo - see Lontara Sukkuna Wajo)
1107:
528:
1287:
placed Luwu's peak territorial extent between the 10th and 14th centuries, but offered no clear evidence. The
1540:
who has an umbrella in Luwu" or "Datu that covered Luwu", shortened to Datu Luwu, Pajung Luwu, or Pajunge'.
2588:
274:
1717:
2490:
1417:, is buried nearby. Around 1620, Malangke was abandoned and a new capital was established to the west at
2473:
2281:
2234:
1598:
1637‒1663: La Basso or La Pakéubangan or Sultan Ahmad Nazaruddin, titled Petta Matinroé ri Gowa (Lokkoé)
1031:
758:
223:
206:
1390:
2534:
2524:
2397:
2379:
2369:
2316:
2244:
2214:
2104:
2079:
2069:
1688:
1659:
1406:
1059:
822:
785:
738:
668:
638:
608:
578:
195:
2529:
2321:
2311:
2306:
2271:
2224:
1414:
877:
842:
708:
628:
498:
1402:
1284:
2557:
2549:
2539:
2495:
2364:
2349:
2229:
2099:
2028:
1973:
1824:
1806:
1693:
1646:
1945‒1950: Andi Jelling, was Pajung, ruling when Andi Jemma was detained and exiled by the Dutch.
1082:
1067:
728:
698:
618:
538:
371:
2512:
2517:
1386:
2402:
2339:
2219:
2199:
2158:
2089:
2084:
1796:
1374:
1365:
1327:
valley began to settle along the coastal margins of Luwu around the year 1300 CE. The Gulf of
1292:
1276:
917:
897:
678:
568:
558:
518:
253:
47:
2478:
1604:
1704‒1704? Petta Matinroe' ri Polka, ruled when Settiaraja went to help Gowa against the VOC.
1324:
2562:
2291:
2194:
2064:
1998:
1868:
1680:
1316:
1201:
1077:
832:
658:
648:
341:
2276:
2209:
2204:
2074:
2023:
2013:
1836:
1312:
1072:
813:
688:
588:
548:
381:
2483:
1779:. Centre for South-East Asian Studies Occasional Publications Series, University of Hull.
1512:
timbers were thought as resources extracted upland, then exported via Luwu's port on the
2468:
2460:
2392:
2184:
2143:
2018:
2003:
1983:
1458:
1251:
748:
718:
598:
421:
351:
105:
2577:
2043:
1978:
1631:
1854‒1880: Patipatau or Abdul Karim Toapanyompa, titled Petta Matinroé ri Limpomajang
1489:
401:
2387:
2048:
1852:
1513:
1446:
1442:
1382:
391:
321:
284:
171:
20:
1740:
2301:
2296:
2189:
2133:
1625:
1810‒1825: Wé Tenriawaru or Sultan Hawa, titled Petta Matinroé ri Tengngana Luwu
508:
431:
233:
128:
2500:
1869:"Economy, Military and Ideology in Pre-Islamic Luwu, South Sulawesi, Indonesia"
1810:
1790:
1622:
1778‒1810: La Tenripeppang or Daéng Paliq, titled Petta Matinroé ri Sabbangparu
2417:
2344:
2263:
2033:
1670:
1493:
1328:
451:
1921:
1907:
1894:
1477:
production and trade, Luwu was known to be a center of metalwork, especially
2168:
2038:
2008:
1993:
1308:
1288:
461:
411:
361:
264:
165:
79:
1619:
1760‒1765: Tosibengngareng, titled La Kaséng Patta Matinroé ri Kaluku Bodoé
1649:
1965‒1987 : Andi Bau Alamsyah, titled Petta MatinroE ri Tellu Boccona
2435:
2430:
2331:
2163:
1988:
1610:
1706‒1715: Batari Tungké, titled Sultan Fatimah Petta Matinroé ri Pattiro
1509:
1505:
1473:
Unlike other Bugis polities in South Sulawesi which based its economy on
1369:
1344:
1280:
1255:
243:
139:
119:
115:
89:
1437:
Funeral of the Datu We Kambo Daeng Risompa. The Macangnge Flag visible.
2440:
2138:
2118:
1323:
The new understanding is that Bugis speaking settlers from the western
331:
123:
2450:
2445:
2153:
1637:
1883‒1901: Iskandar Opu Daéng Paliq, titled Petta Matinroé ri Matekko
1497:
1462:
1422:
1418:
1332:
441:
94:
1565:
Legendary: Tampabalusu, Tomanurung of Tompotikka (Central Sulawesi)
2425:
2359:
2286:
2148:
1537:
1523:
1501:
1432:
1410:
1336:
1304:
1259:
311:
1792:
The Lontara':: The Bugis-Makassar Manuscripts and their Histories
1613:
1715‒1748: Batari Toja, titled Sultan Zaenab Matinroé ri Tippulué
1607:
1704‒1715: La Onro Topalaguna, titled Petta Matinroé ri Langkanaé
2354:
1958:
1718:"Survey of Pre-Islamic Historical Sites in Luwu, South Sulawesi"
1478:
1474:
1340:
1925:
1655:
1994‒2012 : Wé Andi Addi Luwu, titled Opu Daengna Patiware
1250:) was a polity located in the northern part of the modern-day
1628:
1825‒1854: La Oddang Péro, titled Petta Matinroé Kombong Beru
1601:
1663‒1704: Settiaraja, titled Petta Matinroé ri Tompoq Tikkaq
1457:
In the 1960s Luwu was a focus of an Islamic rebellion led by
1616:
1748‒1778: Wé Tenriléléang, titled Petta Matinroé ri Soréang
1574:
Semi-legendary: Batara Guru (not the Bataraguru of Galigo)
1461:. Today the former kingdom is home to the world's largest
1634:
1880‒1883: Wé Addi Luwu, titled Petta Matinroé Temmalullu
1583:
Early 16th century: Déwaraja, Datu Sangaria, Datu Kellali
1409:, became the first major South Sulawesi ruler to embrace
1361:
of Luwu over all the former polities of South Sulawesi.
1556:
Myths: Simpurusiang, Manurung ri Lompo (Sengkang, Wajo)
1795:. A Way of Union with God. ANU Press. pp. 27–40.
1652:
1987‒1994 : Andi Bau Tenripadang, titled Opu Datu
1580:
Late 15th century: La Busatana (Lontara Sukkuna Wajo)
1742:
Kerajaan Luwu: menurut catatan D.F. van Braam Morris
2548:
2459:
2416:
2378:
2330:
2262:
2177:
2126:
2117:
2057:
1966:
1957:
161:
153:
145:
135:
111:
101:
85:
74:
28:
1441:By the 19th century, Luwu had become a backwater.
1291:, an epic poem composed in a literary form of the
1488:In addition, Luwu seemed to base its economy on
39:
33:
1937:
1789:SILA, MUHAMMAD ADLIN (2015). "The Lontara'".
1258:. It is considered one of the earliest known
1219:
8:
2123:
1963:
1944:
1930:
1922:
1568:Legendary: Tanrabalusu, son of Tampabalusu
1226:
1212:
180:
25:
1716:Bulbeck, David; Prasetyo, Bagyo (1998).
1595:1615‒1637: Pati Pasaung, Sultan Abdullah
1562:Myth: Wé Matengngnaémpong, Anakaji's son
1254:province of Indonesia, on the island of
1705:
1401:On 4 or 5 February 1605, Luwu's ruler,
194:
183:
1832:
1822:
144:
7:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1711:
1709:
1876:Australasian Historical Archaeology
1559:Myth: Anakaji, son of Simpurusiang
14:
1775:David Bulbeck and Ian Caldwell,
1739:Morris, D. F. van Braam (1992).
1673:
1195:
205:
59:
2584:Precolonial states of Indonesia
1586:16th century: Datu ri Saolebbi
1532:Rulers of Luwu used the title
1492:(or forest produces) exports.
908:French and British interregnum
1:
1589:16th century: Maningo ri Bajo
1315:(c.1365), which listed Luwu,
1571:Semi-legendary: To Appanangi
1550:House of Royal buginese Luwu
796:Kingdom of Bolaang Mongondow
1694:Sultan of Selangor Malaysia
303:Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms
2610:
1952:Former states in Indonesia
977:United States of Indonesia
814:Chinese Kongsi federations
34:
18:
1534:Datu Mappanjunge' ri Luwu
1128:Javanese historical texts
146:Datu Mappanjunge' ri Luwu
56:
888:Dutch East India Company
529:Samudera Pasai Sultanate
19:Not to be confused with
1867:Bulbeck, David (2000).
69:used by the Attoriolong
40:
1660:Andi Maradang Mackulau
1529:
1438:
939:Emergence of Indonesia
67:Macangnge flag of Luwu
1527:
1485:, or 'iron island'.
1436:
994:Republic of Indonesia
860:European colonization
759:Riau-Lingga Sultanate
102:Common languages
2380:Lesser Sunda Islands
1857:London: John Murray.
1689:History of Indonesia
1202:Indonesia portal
823:Heshun Confederation
739:Yogyakarta Sultanate
669:Kalinyamat Sultanate
639:Sultanate of Jailolo
609:Sultanate of Ternate
322:Tarumanagara Kingdom
157:No official currency
2594:History of Sulawesi
1904: /
1277:Dutch administrator
967:National Revolution
957:Japanese occupation
843:Santiaogou Republic
709:Palembang Sultanate
629:Sultanate of Tidore
499:Peureulak Sultanate
432:Dharmasraya Kingdom
1759:Oxford: Blackwell.
1530:
1439:
1046:1998–present
947:National Awakening
777:Christian kingdoms
743:1755–present
733:1745–present
729:Surakarta Sunanate
699:Kingdom of Kaimana
653:1526–present
619:Sultanate of Bacan
539:Pagaruyung Kingdom
480:Islamic sultanates
372:Shailendra Dynasty
2571:
2570:
2258:
2257:
2113:
2112:
1849:Brooke, J. 1848.
1802:978-1-925022-70-4
1755:Pelras, C. 1996.
1544:List of Datu Luwu
1391:Chronicle of Bone
1303:) in what is now
1236:
1235:
1050:
1049:
1002:Liberal democracy
985:
984:
930:
929:
918:Dutch East Indies
851:
850:
804:
803:
786:Larantuka Kingdom
767:
766:
679:Mataram Sultanate
579:Cirebon Sultanate
559:Malacca Sultanate
519:Ternate Sultanate
470:
469:
452:Singhasari Empire
446:1000s–1300s
412:Kahuripan Kingdom
293:
292:
179:
178:
175:
41:Addatuang ri Luwu
2601:
2521:
2504:
2487:
2408:Solor Watan Lema
2292:Lanfang Republic
2124:
1964:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1884:
1883:
1873:
1864:
1858:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1834:
1830:
1828:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1786:
1780:
1773:
1760:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1713:
1683:
1681:Indonesia portal
1678:
1677:
1676:
1453:Present-day Luwu
1447:Rajah of Sarawak
1228:
1221:
1214:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1012:Guided Democracy
998:
997:
943:
942:
864:
863:
833:Lanfang Republic
819:
818:
782:
781:
703:1600s–1926
693:1528s–1877
659:Banjar Sultanate
649:Banten Sultanate
633:1500s–1967
549:Brunei Sultanate
485:
484:
462:Majapahit Empire
362:Srivijaya Empire
342:Kalingga Kingdom
308:
307:
275:Toba catastrophe
258:94,000–12,000 BP
229:
228:
209:
199:
181:
169:
63:
51:
43:
37:
36:
26:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2567:
2544:
2515:
2498:
2481:
2455:
2412:
2374:
2326:
2254:
2173:
2109:
2095:Sumedang Larang
2053:
1953:
1950:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1903:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1871:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1848:
1844:
1831:
1821:
1815:
1813:
1811:j.ctt19893ms.10
1803:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1774:
1763:
1754:
1750:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1715:
1714:
1707:
1702:
1679:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1546:
1522:
1471:
1455:
1431:
1407:Daeng Pareqbung
1399:
1273:
1268:
1240:Kingdom of Luwu
1232:
1196:
1194:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1097:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1062:
1052:
1051:
1036:1967–1998
1026:1966–1967
1016:1959–1966
1006:1950–1959
995:
987:
986:
981:1949–1950
971:1945–1949
961:1942–1945
951:1908–1942
940:
932:
931:
926:
925:1945–1949
924:
923:1800–1942
912:1806–1816
902:1685–1824
892:1602–1799
882:1521–1677
872:1512–1850
861:
853:
852:
847:1777–1853
837:1777–1884
827:1776–1854
816:
806:
805:
779:
769:
768:
763:1824–1911
753:1814–1946
723:1725–1946
713:1659–1823
689:Johor Sultanate
683:1586–1755
673:1527–1599
663:1526–1863
643:1496–1903
623:1515–1946
613:1486–1914
603:1496–1903
593:1475–1554
589:Demak Sultanate
583:1445–1677
573:1405–1851
563:1400–1511
553:1368–1888
543:1347–1833
533:1267–1521
523:1257–1914
513:1225–1613
489:Spread of Islam
482:
472:
471:
466:1293–1527
456:1222–1292
436:1183–1347
426:1045–1221
416:1019–1045
382:Mataram Kingdom
305:
295:
294:
226:
197:
190:
168:
127:
126:prior to c.1605
93:
70:
68:
65:
64:
52:
45:
38:
31:
30:Kingdom of Luwu
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2607:
2605:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2589:South Sulawesi
2586:
2576:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2554:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2510:
2505:
2493:
2488:
2476:
2471:
2465:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2422:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2384:
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2376:
2375:
2373:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2336:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2268:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2240:Samudera Pasai
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2130:
2128:
2127:Hindu/Buddhist
2121:
2115:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1970:
1968:
1967:Hindu/Buddhist
1961:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1926:
1886:
1885:
1859:
1842:
1801:
1781:
1761:
1748:
1731:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1697:
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1691:
1685:
1684:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1658:2012‒Present:
1656:
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1650:
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1638:
1635:
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1578:
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1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1545:
1542:
1521:
1520:Rulers of Luwu
1518:
1470:
1467:
1459:Kahar Muzakkar
1454:
1451:
1430:
1427:
1398:
1395:
1293:Bugis language
1272:
1271:Origin of Luwu
1269:
1267:
1264:
1252:South Sulawesi
1234:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1223:
1216:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1191:
1190:
1183:
1182:
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1172:
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1155:
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1125:
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1115:
1110:
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1086:
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1080:
1075:
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1064:
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1058:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1048:
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1038:
1037:
1034:
1028:
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1024:
1018:
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1008:
1007:
1004:
996:
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992:
989:
988:
983:
982:
979:
973:
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962:
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941:
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934:
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792:
791:
788:
780:
775:
774:
771:
770:
765:
764:
761:
755:
754:
751:
749:Deli Sultanate
745:
744:
741:
735:
734:
731:
725:
724:
721:
719:Siak Sultanate
715:
714:
711:
705:
704:
701:
695:
694:
691:
685:
684:
681:
675:
674:
671:
665:
664:
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641:
635:
634:
631:
625:
624:
621:
615:
614:
611:
605:
604:
601:
599:Aceh Sultanate
595:
594:
591:
585:
584:
581:
575:
574:
571:
569:Sulu Sultanate
565:
564:
561:
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551:
545:
544:
541:
535:
534:
531:
525:
524:
521:
515:
514:
511:
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503:840–1292
501:
495:
494:
493:800–1600
491:
483:
478:
477:
474:
473:
468:
467:
464:
458:
457:
454:
448:
447:
444:
442:Pannai Kingdom
438:
437:
434:
428:
427:
424:
422:Kediri Kingdom
418:
417:
414:
408:
407:
406:932–1579
404:
398:
397:
396:914–1908
394:
388:
387:
386:716–1016
384:
378:
377:
374:
368:
367:
364:
358:
357:
354:
352:Melayu Kingdom
348:
347:
344:
338:
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328:
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32:
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2:
2606:
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2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
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2147:
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2137:
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2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
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1982:
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1962:
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1956:
1947:
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1536:which means "
1535:
1526:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1490:arboriculture
1486:
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1480:
1476:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1435:
1429:Colonial Luwu
1428:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1415:Dato Sulaiman
1412:
1408:
1404:
1396:
1394:
1392:
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1186:
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1166:
1163:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
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1136:
1135:
1134:
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1129:
1126:
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1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1093:
1092:
1084:
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1079:
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1071:
1069:
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1061:
1056:
1055:
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1043:
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1039:
1035:
1033:
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1025:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1005:
1003:
1000:
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991:
990:
980:
978:
975:
974:
970:
968:
965:
964:
960:
958:
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950:
948:
945:
944:
936:
935:
921:
919:
916:
915:
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909:
906:
905:
901:
899:
896:
895:
891:
889:
886:
885:
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879:
876:
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871:
869:
866:
865:
857:
856:
846:
844:
841:
840:
836:
834:
831:
830:
826:
824:
821:
820:
815:
810:
809:
799:
797:
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793:
789:
787:
784:
783:
778:
773:
772:
762:
760:
757:
756:
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750:
747:
746:
742:
740:
737:
736:
732:
730:
727:
726:
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717:
716:
712:
710:
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692:
690:
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680:
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662:
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656:
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622:
620:
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612:
610:
607:
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592:
590:
587:
586:
582:
580:
577:
576:
572:
570:
567:
566:
562:
560:
557:
556:
552:
550:
547:
546:
542:
540:
537:
536:
532:
530:
527:
526:
522:
520:
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516:
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510:
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440:
439:
435:
433:
430:
429:
425:
423:
420:
419:
415:
413:
410:
409:
405:
403:
402:Sunda Kingdom
400:
399:
395:
393:
390:
389:
385:
383:
380:
379:
375:
373:
370:
369:
365:
363:
360:
359:
355:
353:
350:
349:
345:
343:
340:
339:
335:
333:
330:
329:
325:
323:
320:
319:
315:
313:
312:Kutai Kingdom
310:
309:
304:
299:
298:
288:
286:
283:
282:
278:
276:
273:
272:
269:
267:
266:
262:
261:
257:
255:
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251:
247:
245:
242:
241:
238:
236:
235:
231:
230:
225:
220:
219:
216:
213:
212:
208:
204:
203:
200:
193:
188:
182:
173:
167:
164:
162:Today part of
160:
156:
152:
148:
141:
138:
134:
130:
125:
121:
117:
114:
110:
107:
104:
100:
96:
92:before c.1620
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
73:
62:
55:
49:
42:
35:ᨕᨉᨈᨘᨓ ᨑᨗ ᨒᨘᨓᨘ
27:
22:
2508:South Maluku
2049:Tarumanagara
1889:
1879:
1875:
1862:
1853:Rodney Mundy
1850:
1845:
1814:. Retrieved
1791:
1784:
1776:
1756:
1751:
1741:
1734:
1725:
1721:
1549:
1547:
1533:
1531:
1514:Gulf of Bone
1487:
1482:
1472:
1456:
1443:James Brooke
1440:
1403:La Patiwareq
1400:
1397:Islamic Luwu
1378:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1349:
1322:
1300:
1297:
1285:Braam Morris
1274:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1237:
1184:
1143:Christianity
392:Bali Kingdom
285:Buni culture
263:
248:1,000,000 BP
232:
172:Luwu Regency
97:after c.1620
21:Luwu Regency
2516: [
2499: [
2496:Negeri Soya
2482: [
2322:Tanjungpura
2302:Negara Daha
2297:Negara Dipa
2235:Riau-Lingga
2134:Dharmasraya
1911: /
1908:3°S 120.2°E
1833:|work=
1425:highlands.
1313:Desawarnana
1311:court poem
1108:Archaeology
1103:Agriculture
509:Aru Kingdom
234:Paleolithic
196:History of
129:Sunni Islam
2578:Categories
2513:Tanah Hitu
2418:West Timor
2264:Kalimantan
2230:Pagaruyung
2105:Yogyakarta
2080:Kalinyamat
2034:Singhasari
2029:Shailendra
1974:Blambangan
1816:2021-05-31
1757:The Bugis.
1700:References
1662:Opu To Bau
1494:Dammar gum
1354:tomanurung
1165:Mass media
1042:Reform era
1022:Transition
868:Portuguese
254:Flores Man
224:Prehistory
136:Government
131:after 1605
2398:Larantuka
2307:Pontianak
2225:Palembang
2169:Srivijaya
2159:Samaskuta
2100:Surakarta
2039:Srivijaya
2009:Majapahit
1994:Kahuripan
1913:-3; 120.2
1835:ignored (
1825:cite book
1387:Sidenreng
1309:Majapahit
1289:La Galigo
1275:In 1889,
1123:Education
1032:New Order
800:1670–1950
790:1515–1904
376:600s–900s
366:600s–1025
356:600s–1347
346:500s–600s
336:400s-500s
326:400s–500s
279:75,000 BP
265:Neolithic
198:Indonesia
166:Indonesia
112:Religion
80:Indonesia
2563:Salawati
2436:Amanuban
2431:Amanatun
2332:Sulawesi
2282:Bulungan
2164:Sanfotsi
1999:Kalingga
1989:Janggala
1899:120°12′E
1722:Walennae
1667:See also
1510:mangrove
1483:Sulawesi
1445:, later
1375:Dewaraja
1370:Malangke
1366:Baebunta
1345:Lemolang
1317:Bantaeng
1281:Makassar
1256:Sulawesi
1170:Military
1148:Hinduism
1138:Buddhism
1133:Religion
1113:Currency
1096:By topic
316:350–1605
244:Java Man
215:Timeline
187:a series
185:Part of
154:Currency
140:Monarchy
120:Buddhism
116:Hinduism
106:Buginese
90:Malangke
78:Part of
48:Buginese
2558:Kaimana
2535:Jailolo
2525:Ternate
2479:Huamual
2474:Honimoa
2441:Amarasi
2365:Banggai
2317:Sarawak
2245:Serdang
2220:Malacca
2215:Langkat
2178:Islamic
2139:Kantoli
2119:Sumatra
2085:Mataram
2070:Cirebon
2058:Islamic
2024:Sanjaya
2014:Mataram
1469:Economy
1377:(ruled
1325:Cénrana
1266:History
1158:Judaism
1118:Economy
1083:Bandung
1068:Jakarta
1060:Regions
898:British
878:Spanish
332:Kantoli
289:400 BCE
124:Animism
86:Capital
16:Kingdom
2530:Tidore
2491:Loloda
2461:Maluku
2451:Wehali
2446:Sonbai
2403:Mengwi
2312:Sambas
2277:Brunei
2272:Banjar
2195:Asahan
2154:Pannai
2144:Malayu
2090:Pajang
2065:Banten
2019:Rajasa
2004:Kediri
1984:Ishana
1896:3°00′S
1809:
1799:
1508:, and
1506:gaharu
1498:rattan
1463:nickel
1423:Toraja
1419:Palopo
1333:Pamona
1301:Cheena
1242:(also
189:on the
149:
122:, and
95:Palopo
75:Status
44:
2550:Papua
2540:Bacan
2520:]
2503:]
2486:]
2426:Amabi
2350:Buton
2287:Kutai
2210:Johor
2205:Jambi
2149:Mauli
2075:Demak
2044:Sunda
1979:Galuh
1872:(PDF)
1807:JSTOR
1728:: 29.
1502:ebony
1411:Islam
1368:, to
1350:Datu'
1337:Padoe
1260:Bugis
1248:Wareq
1244:Luwuq
1180:Women
1175:Sport
1153:Islam
1078:Bogor
2393:Bima
2388:Bali
2370:Suai
2360:Wajo
2355:Luwu
2345:Bone
2340:Gowa
2250:Siak
2200:Deli
2185:Aceh
1959:Java
1837:help
1797:ISBN
1538:Datu
1479:iron
1475:rice
1385:and
1383:Wajo
1359:Datu
1343:and
1341:Wotu
1329:Bone
1305:Wajo
1238:The
1073:Bali
170:(as
2469:Iha
2190:Aru
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