2378:
148:
677:
880:
337:
823:
45:
509:
Local linguistic evidence suggests continued political activity in the area from the time of the Roman retreat from
Britain and before the arrival of the Angles. Important Anglian centres in Bernicia bear names of British origin, or are known by British names elsewhere:
805:
After this victory, Oswald appears to have been recognised by both
Bernicians and Deirans as king of a properly united Northumbria. The kings of Bernicia were thereafter supreme in that kingdom, although Deira had its own sub-kings at times during the reigns of
3363:
723:, who is said to have obtained the throne and the kingdom about 547. His sons spent many years fighting a united force from the surrounding Brythonic kingdoms until their alliance collapsed into civil war.
3333:
2724:
557:
Analysis of a potential derivation has not produced a consensus. The most commonly cited etymology gives the meaning as "Land of the
Mountain Passes" or "Land of the Gaps" (tentatively proposed by
853:
after the stronghold of its high-reeves. The lands between Tyne and Tees were granted to the
Community of St. Cuthbert, forming an ecclesiastical buffer zone between Jórvík and Bamburgh. In 927
751:) around the year 616. Edwin then became king. The early part of Edwin's reign was possibly spent fighting enemies from the Brythonic exiles of the old British kingdom, operating out of
91:
2717:
857:
accepted West Saxon overlordship; however, the lands north of the Tees remained outside of the West Saxon administrative system of shires and hundreds until after the
3348:
1183:"Upper Wharfedale : Being a complete account of the history, antiquities and scenery of the picturesque valley of the Wharfe, from Otley to Langstrothdale"
2710:
2207:
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3358:
2520:
2488:
3323:
2733:
2540:
2498:
1279:
147:
2591:
1411:
1143:
1096:
739:
with his own kingdom by force around the year 604. He ruled the two kingdoms (united as
Northumbria) until he was defeated and killed by
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1470:
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1205:
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2508:
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2149:
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1397:
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1333:
1255:
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1166:
1135:
3343:
3338:
2367:
2362:
2200:
3368:
3353:
2889:
2784:
2525:
2493:
2320:
1614:
1594:
922:
916:
312:
298:
284:
3264:
2515:
1182:
2864:
2596:
2874:
2691:
2581:
2560:
971:
732:
2336:
2193:
794:, son of Æthelfrith, but after about a year he went to Cadwallon to sue for peace and was killed. Eanfrith's brother
2764:
2749:
2565:
2545:
2530:
2377:
2313:
1624:
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1609:
858:
2856:
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2412:
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1599:
740:
31:
3143:
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775:
764:
70:
3163:
2949:
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2613:
2245:
1463:
947:
811:
653:
604:
or, literally, "The Old North". The kingdom may have been ruled from the site that later became the
English
487:
826:
England in 878. The independent rump of the former
Kingdom of Northumbria (yellow) was to the north of the
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87:
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1885:
1521:
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1307:
935:
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783:
558:
466:
408:
The
Anglian territory of Bernicia was approximately equivalent to the modern English counties of
402:
3231:
3194:
3173:
2869:
589:
The
Brythonic kingdom of the area was formed from what had once been the southern lands of the
3199:
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1139:
1131:
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831:
771:), joining the kingdom of Northumbria; which drew him into direct conflict with Wales proper.
755:. After this, it is said that on Easter Day 627 Edwin converted to Christianity in return for
696:
648:) that may represent the kings of the British kingdom in the area, which may have been called
628:. It is unknown when the Angles finally conquered the whole region, but around 604 is likely.
289:
3269:
3259:
3070:
2972:
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2769:
2634:
2427:
2239:
1586:
1501:
1296:
941:
748:
551:
503:
1404:
The Making of
Scotland: Angels, Fools and Tyrants: Britons and Angles in Southern Scotland.
790:, Northumbria was divided back into Bernicia and Deira. Bernicia was then briefly ruled by
3297:
3249:
2939:
2934:
2919:
2846:
2804:
2794:
2392:
2227:
1945:
1840:
1748:
1506:
994:
929:
845:, the united Kingdom of Northumbria disintegrated. The lands north of the Tyne remained a
787:
736:
720:
704:
676:
237:
3133:
3128:
3103:
3015:
3292:
3287:
3214:
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3098:
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2407:
2159:
2020:
1900:
1845:
409:
394:
355:
214:
2702:
879:
660:
referred to these monarchs, chiefly because he identified this man as the murderer of
3312:
3153:
3065:
3040:
2834:
2269:
2174:
1980:
1970:
1960:
1950:
1940:
1753:
1711:
1526:
700:
417:
413:
153:
96:
60:
3045:
3055:
1701:
1479:
1082:
661:
657:
566:
425:
421:
390:
80:
3005:
2417:
1935:
1086:
17:
3279:
3189:
3060:
1930:
1920:
1875:
1743:
1716:
1659:
1533:
998:
665:
613:
502:(West Saxon dialect). The counter hypothesis suggesting these names represent a
491:
441:
429:
330:
176:
1438:
719:) in the early 6th century. The first Anglian king in the historical record is
2929:
2639:
2305:
2131:
2106:
2091:
2054:
2037:
1990:
1985:
1895:
1890:
1880:
1860:
1830:
1793:
1778:
1696:
1674:
1300:
641:
600:
535:
433:
317:
3123:
3025:
2754:
2121:
2116:
2101:
2066:
2010:
1995:
1975:
1955:
1905:
1870:
1855:
1850:
1758:
1669:
1571:
1482:
692:
637:
562:
453:
3010:
593:, possibly as part of the division of a supposed 'great northern realm' of
581:
as a result of Anglian expansion in that territory during the 7th century.
27:
Early medieval Anglo-Saxon kingdom in northeast England (6th century – 654)
2432:
2126:
2111:
2096:
2071:
2015:
2000:
1925:
1825:
1820:
1773:
1684:
1679:
1636:
1576:
1362:
Kings and Warriors, Craftsmen and Priests in Northern Britain AD 550–850.
850:
846:
827:
752:
605:
594:
590:
511:
398:
367:
303:
166:
1448:
822:
490:. This name was then adopted by the Anglian settlers who rendered it in
3113:
3108:
2422:
2185:
2164:
2086:
2076:
1783:
1654:
1649:
1128:
The History of England – From the Earliest Times to the Norman Conquest
865:
760:
621:
527:
361:
186:
597:
in c. AD 420. This northern realm is referred to by Welsh scholars as
3088:
3020:
2005:
1965:
1915:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1788:
1768:
1763:
1733:
1728:
1706:
1555:
1516:
1511:
1326:
The Gododdin of Aneurin: Text and context from Dark-Age North Britain
1088:
The Gododdin of Aneirin: text and context from Dark-Age North Britain
1002:
523:
550:
seems to represent the British form, possibly for the hill-fort of
436:. In the early 7th century, it merged with its southern neighbour,
3000:
2779:
2042:
2032:
1910:
1543:
979:
768:
756:
437:
506:
adaption of an earlier English form is considered less probable.
1835:
1274:
703:
period. Others are thought to have migrated north (by sea) from
539:
123:
2706:
2309:
2189:
1452:
864:
In 973, Scots sovereignty over northern Bernicia, now known as
837:
After the decisive defeat of Northumbrian forces by the Viking
874:
38:
1432:
Northumbria, 500–1100: Creation and Destruction of a Kingdom.
778:
on 12 October 633, in which Edwin was defeated and killed by
1340:
Northumbria, 500–1100: Creation and Destruction of a Kingdom
798:
then raised an army and finally defeated Cadwallon at the
1287:
Breeze, Andrew (September 2009). "The Name of Bernicia".
1248:
The Formation of the English Kingdom in the Tenth Century
993:
Under Oswald son of Æthelfrith, Bernicia was united with
3364:
States and territories disestablished in the 7th century
917:
List of monarchs of Northumbria § Kings of Bernicia
397:
settlers of the 6th century in what is now southeastern
891:
1376:
Arthur's Britain: History and Archaeology, AD 367–634.
763:-speaking kingdom that once existed in the modern-day
565:
has been dismissed as linguistically unsound. In 1997
444:, and its borders subsequently expanded considerably.
3334:
States and territories established in the 6th century
1364:
Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, Edinburgh, 2003.
569:
suggested the conflation of a probable primary form *
561:). An earlier derivation from the tribal name of the
612:. Near this high-status residence lay the island of
3278:
3240:
3079:
2991:
2948:
2855:
2740:
2684:
2653:
2622:
2574:
2471:
2385:
2345:
2142:
1635:
1564:
1489:
351:
247:
234:
224:
210:
202:
192:
182:
172:
162:
118:
1130:By Thomas Hodgkin, Published by READ BOOKS, 2007,
1198:Ælfred's Britain: war and peace in the Viking age
86:for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate
608:, which certainly features in Welsh sources as
2718:
2321:
2201:
1464:
8:
2725:
2711:
2703:
2328:
2314:
2306:
2208:
2194:
2186:
1471:
1457:
1449:
1439:The Politics of Exile in Early Northumbria
1225:. Cambridge University Press. p. 11.
1091:. University of Wales Press. p. 216.
486:. Academics agree the name was originally
146:
115:
1420:Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1973.
1158:Celtic Culture: a historical encyclopedia
1321:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
821:
675:
1390:The Kingdom of Northumbria AD 350–1100.
1221:Darby, Henry Clifford (7 August 1986).
1014:
171:
1685:Bilmingas (part of south Lincolnshire)
1328:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.
1319:The Gododdin: The Oldest Scottish poem
1280:Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum
1021:
420:, as well as the Scottish counties of
3349:6th-century establishments in England
1312:Language and History in Early Britain
1065:Language and History in Early Britain
1048:Language and History in Early Britain
246:
233:
223:
219:
7:
656:surmised that the line of a certain
2734:Royal houses of Britain and Ireland
938:, possibly Ida's brother (559–560)
76:for transliterated languages, and
56:of its non-English content, using
25:
2150:Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain
2376:
878:
683:Some of the Angles of Bernicia (
664:who was, at the time, besieging
530:was once imprisoned) represents
335:
310:
296:
282:
43:
3359:History of the Scottish Borders
968:, possibly Adda's son (585–593)
962:, possibly Adda's son (579–585)
923:List of monarchs of Northumbria
3324:Peoples of Anglo-Saxon England
1161:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 515–516.
616:(formerly known, in Welsh, as
92:multilingual support templates
1:
1314:. Edinburgh University Press.
1005:invasion of the 9th Century.
989:, son of Æthelfrith (633–634)
727:A forcibly united Northumbria
2692:History of the British Isles
1406:Canongate, Edinburgh, 1999.
1317:Jackson, Kenneth H. (1969).
691:) may have been employed as
585:Political history and memory
2338:Scotland in the Middle Ages
1338:Rollason, David W. (2003).
974:, son of Æthelric (593–616)
849:independent kingdom called
3390:
2112:Sumortūnsǣte and Glestinga
1250:. OUP Oxford. p. 10.
1246:Molyneaux, George (2017).
1001:from 634 onward until the
914:
498:(Northumbrian dialect) or
29:
3329:History of Northumberland
2374:
2223:
1301:10.1017/S0003581509990096
774:Following the disastrous
743:(who had given refuge to
632:Kings of British Bryneich
546:("town of Colud"), where
440:, to form the kingdom of
261:
257:
249:• merged with Deira
236:• Shared crown with
220:
145:
140:
32:Bernicia (disambiguation)
1200:. London: Head of Zeus.
932:, son of Eoppa (547–559)
776:Battle of Hatfield Chase
765:West Riding of Yorkshire
3344:7th century in Scotland
3339:6th century in Scotland
1378:Penguin, London, 1989.
1289:The Antiquaries Journal
1050:, pp. 701–5; Rollason,
712:
688:
640:pedigrees of princely "
464:and in the 9th-century
393:kingdom established by
386:
173:Official languages
124:
3369:630s disestablishments
3354:7th century in England
1392:Sutton, Stroud, 1993.
1324:Koch, John T. (1997).
1155:Koch, John T. (2006).
1067:, pp. 701–5; Jackson,
956:, son of Ida (572–579)
950:, son of Ida (568–572)
944:, son of Ida (560–568)
868:, was acknowledged by
834:
741:Rædwald of East Anglia
680:
573:with the native form *
428:, stretching from the
3265:Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
2645:Scandinavian Scotland
2630:Lordship of the Isles
2155:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
1764:Nox-gaga and Oht-gaga
825:
800:Battle of Heavenfield
679:
2597:Wars of Independence
2217:Monarchs of Bernicia
1799:Frithuwald's Sūþrīge
1437:Ziegler, Michelle. "
1052:Northumbria 500–1100
1035:Northumbria 500–1100
987:Eanfrith of Bernicia
620:), which became the
197:Anglo-Saxon paganism
90:. Knowledge (XXG)'s
54:specify the language
52:This article should
30:For other uses, see
2587:Davidian Revolution
1308:Jackson, Kenneth H.
1196:Adams, Max (2017).
841:, at the Battle of
818:Rump of Northumbria
780:Cadwallon ap Cadfan
749:Ælle, king of Deira
735:(Æðelfriþ), united
452:Bernicia occurs in
226:• Established
120:Kingdom of Bernicia
2880:Mann and the Isles
1591:Lists of monarchs
1418:The Age of Arthur.
890:. You can help by
839:Great Heathen Army
835:
681:
636:There are several
559:Kenneth H. Jackson
534:; and the name of
520:Historia Brittonum
467:Historia Brittonum
403:North East England
183:Minority languages
157:or "The Old North"
3306:
3305:
2700:
2699:
2358:Early Middle Ages
2303:
2302:
2183:
2182:
2170:Mercian Supremacy
1680:Spalda (Spalding)
1445:2 (1999). Online.
1430:Rollason, David,
1412:978-0-86241-875-5
1144:978-1-4067-0896-7
1098:978-0-7083-1374-9
911:Kings of Bernicia
908:
907:
832:Kingdom of Jórvík
624:of the Bernician
579:civitas Brigantum
387:Bernice, Beornice
376:
375:
347:
346:
343:
342:
323:
322:
290:Sub-Roman Britain
114:
113:
94:may also be used.
18:Kings of Bernicia
16:(Redirected from
3381:
3144:Síl nÁedo Sláine
3051:Ó Máel Sechlainn
2727:
2720:
2713:
2704:
2685:Related articles
2582:Christianisation
2380:
2368:Late Middle Ages
2363:High Middle Ages
2339:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2307:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2187:
1587:Wiglaf of Mercia
1473:
1466:
1459:
1450:
1374:Alcock, Leslie,
1360:Alcock, Leslie,
1304:
1262:
1261:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1223:Domesday England
1218:
1212:
1211:
1193:
1187:
1186:
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1044:
1038:
1031:
1025:
1019:
903:
900:
882:
875:
870:Edgar of England
731:Ida's grandson,
699:during the late
672:English Bernicia
642:Men of the North
370:
364:
339:
338:
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313:
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39:
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3379:
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3374:Former kingdoms
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1355:Further reading
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1011:
919:
913:
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898:
895:
888:needs expansion
859:Norman invasion
820:
788:Penda of Mercia
729:
674:
634:
587:
450:
366:
365:
360:
336:
311:
297:
283:
250:
240:
227:
158:
141:6th century–654
136:
129:
121:
110:
104:
101:
95:
83:
77:
73:
71:transliteration
67:
63:
57:
48:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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3229:
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3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3185:Uí Ceinnselaig
3182:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3149:Clann Cholmáin
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3085:
3083:
3081:Gaelic Ireland
3077:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3036:Ó Gallchobhair
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
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2995:
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2988:
2986:
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2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2506:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2389:
2387:
2383:
2382:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2342:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2325:
2318:
2310:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2291:
2285:
2279:
2273:
2267:
2261:
2255:
2249:
2243:
2237:
2231:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2205:
2198:
2190:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2160:Burghal Hidage
2157:
2152:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1641:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1486:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1468:
1461:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1443:The Heroic Age
1435:
1428:
1416:Morris, John,
1414:
1400:
1388:Higham, N.J.,
1386:
1372:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1336:
1322:
1315:
1305:
1284:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1256:
1238:
1231:
1213:
1207:978-1784080297
1206:
1188:
1174:
1167:
1147:
1120:
1111:
1097:
1085:, ed. (1997).
1073:
1056:
1039:
1026:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1007:
991:
990:
982:rule 616–633)
976:
975:
969:
963:
957:
951:
945:
939:
933:
915:Main article:
912:
909:
906:
905:
885:
883:
819:
816:
728:
725:
697:Hadrian's Wall
673:
670:
646:Gwŷr y Gogledd
633:
630:
586:
583:
449:
446:
410:Northumberland
374:
373:
372:
371:
356:United Kingdom
353:
349:
348:
345:
344:
341:
340:
333:
324:
321:
320:
315:
307:
306:
301:
293:
292:
287:
275:
274:
269:
259:
258:
255:
254:
251:
248:
245:
244:
241:
235:
232:
231:
228:
225:
222:
221:
218:
217:
215:Early Medieval
212:
211:Historical era
208:
207:
204:
200:
199:
194:
190:
189:
184:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
151:
143:
142:
138:
137:
122:
119:
112:
111:
51:
49:
42:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3386:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3255:Orange-Nassau
3253:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3242:Great Britain
3239:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3205:Ó Conchobhair
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3072:
3071:Ó Conchobhair
3069:
3067:
3066:Mac Lochlainn
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2990:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2854:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2728:
2723:
2721:
2716:
2714:
2709:
2708:
2705:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2677:
2676:Privy Council
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2640:The Old North
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2615:
2612:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2384:
2379:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2331:
2326:
2324:
2319:
2317:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2222:
2218:
2211:
2206:
2204:
2199:
2197:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2176:
2175:Tribal Hidage
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2029:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1981:Southumbrians
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1941:Middle Angles
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1826:Andredes Leag
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1754:Middle Saxons
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1474:
1469:
1467:
1462:
1460:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1427:
1426:0-297-17601-3
1423:
1419:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1402:Lowe, Chris,
1401:
1399:
1398:0-86299-730-5
1395:
1391:
1387:
1385:
1384:0-14-139069-7
1381:
1377:
1373:
1371:
1370:0-903903-24-5
1367:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1348:0-521-81335-2
1345:
1342:. Cambridge.
1341:
1337:
1335:
1334:0-7083-1374-4
1331:
1327:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1259:
1257:9780192542939
1253:
1249:
1242:
1239:
1234:
1232:9780521310260
1228:
1224:
1217:
1214:
1209:
1203:
1199:
1192:
1189:
1184:
1178:
1175:
1170:
1168:9781851094400
1164:
1160:
1159:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1136:1-4067-0896-8
1133:
1129:
1124:
1121:
1115:
1112:
1100:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1015:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1000:
996:
988:
985:
984:
983:
981:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
934:
931:
928:
927:
926:
924:
918:
910:
902:
893:
889:
886:This section
884:
881:
877:
876:
873:
871:
867:
862:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
833:
829:
824:
817:
815:
813:
809:
803:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
772:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
726:
724:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
678:
671:
669:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
631:
629:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
602:
596:
592:
584:
582:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
555:
553:
552:St Abb's Head
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
526:(where Saint
525:
521:
517:
513:
507:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
468:
463:
459:
455:
447:
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
414:Tyne and Wear
411:
406:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
369:
363:
359:
358:
357:
354:
352:Today part of
350:
334:
332:
329:
328:
325:
319:
316:
309:
308:
305:
302:
295:
294:
291:
288:
281:
280:
277:
276:
273:
270:
268:
265:
264:
260:
256:
252:
242:
239:
229:
216:
213:
209:
205:
201:
198:
195:
191:
188:
185:
181:
178:
175:
168:
165:
161:
156:
155:
154:Y Hen Gogledd
149:
144:
139:
133:
126:
117:
108:
98:
93:
89:
82:
72:
62:
55:
50:
41:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3200:Mac Carthaig
3174:Uí Dúnlainge
3129:Uí Fiachrach
3056:Mac Murchada
3016:Corcu Loígde
2894:
2774:
2654:Institutions
2479:Architecture
2402:
2386:Early Realms
2216:
2061:
2049:
2028:Northumbria:
2027:
1971:South Engele
1865:
1841:Ceasterware
1815:
1734:Godhelmingas
1723:
1691:
1645:East Anglia:
1644:
1538:
1527:Middel Seaxe
1442:
1431:
1417:
1403:
1389:
1375:
1361:
1339:
1325:
1318:
1311:
1292:
1288:
1278:
1247:
1241:
1222:
1216:
1197:
1191:
1177:
1157:
1150:
1127:
1123:
1114:
1102:. Retrieved
1087:
1083:John T. Koch
1080:Note 566 in
1076:
1069:The Gododdin
1068:
1064:
1059:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1034:
1029:
1017:
992:
977:
920:
896:
892:adding to it
887:
863:
836:
830:Danelaw and
810:and his son
804:
773:
730:
716:
682:
662:Urien Rheged
658:Morcant Bulc
649:
645:
635:
618:Ynys Medcaut
617:
609:
598:
588:
578:
577:for the old
574:
570:
567:John T. Koch
556:
547:
543:
538:is given by
531:
519:
515:
508:
499:
495:
483:
479:
475:
471:
470:, (§ 61) as
465:
461:
457:
451:
426:East Lothian
422:Berwickshire
407:
378:
377:
272:Succeeded by
271:
266:
152:
102:
88:ISO 639 code
84:}}
78:{{
74:}}
68:{{
64:}}
58:{{
53:
36:
3319:Northumbria
3280:Isle of Man
3227:Ó Domhnaill
3190:Dalcassians
3164:Glendamnach
3119:Dál nAraidi
3094:Síl Conairi
2890:Northumbria
2875:Strathclyde
2820:Plantagenet
2785:Northumbria
2614:Renaissance
2592:Great Cause
2504:Agriculture
2463:Strathclyde
2021:Wreocensæte
1946:North Engle
1931:Lindisfaras
1901:Cilternsæte
1861:Modingahema
1615:Northumbria
1595:East Anglia
1534:Northumbria
1497:East Anglia
1480:Anglo-Saxon
1118:John Morris
1022:Breeze 2009
999:Northumbria
843:York in 867
709:Old English
693:mercenaries
685:Old English
666:Lindisfarne
654:John Morris
614:Lindisfarne
544:Coludi urbs
492:Old English
448:Etymologies
442:Northumbria
391:Anglo-Saxon
383:Old English
331:Northumbria
267:Preceded by
230:6th century
177:Old English
132:Old English
3313:Categories
3221:FitzGerald
3154:Eóganachta
3041:Ó Domhnail
2671:Parliament
2541:Literature
2526:Government
2494:Demography
2270:Æthelfrith
2258:Frithuwald
2107:Sumorsaete
2092:Glastening
2077:Brycgstowl
2055:Haestingas
2038:Beodarsæte
1991:Stoppingas
1986:Spaldingas
1961:Pencersæte
1906:Duddensæte
1891:Beormingas
1886:Banesbyrig
1821:Andredsley
1794:Pæding-tun
1779:Waeclingas
1739:Haueringas
1712:Caningaege
1707:Daenningas
1697:Brahhingas
1670:Herstingas
1582:Frithuwald
1269:References
1104:18 October
1033:Rollason,
972:Æthelfrith
960:Frithuwald
921:(see also
733:Æthelfrith
610:Din Guardi
601:Hen Ogledd
536:Coldingham
516:Din Guaire
514:is called
456:poetry as
318:Hen Ogledd
203:Government
105:March 2023
3298:Somhairle
3169:Raithlind
3134:Uí Briúin
3124:Connachta
3026:Connachta
3006:Dál Riata
2978:Mathrafal
2958:Aberffraw
2940:Somhairle
2830:Lancaster
2800:Knýtlinga
2521:Geography
2516:Education
2489:Childhood
2418:Dál Riata
2353:Sub-Roman
2296:(642–670)
2290:(634–641)
2284:(632–633)
2278:(616–632)
2272:(593–616)
2266:(585–593)
2260:(579–585)
2254:(572–579)
2248:(568–572)
2242:(560–568)
2236:(559–560)
2230:(547–559)
2122:Wiltsaete
2117:Sunningas
2102:Rēadingas
2082:Dornsaete
2067:Eorlingas
2033:Elmetsæte
2011:Weorgoran
1996:Sweordora
1976:Snotingas
1966:Reagesate
1936:Magonsæte
1921:Glestinga
1856:Limenwara
1846:Eastorege
1789:Woccingas
1744:Hroðingas
1729:Gillingas
1572:Bretwalda
1483:heptarchy
1295:: 73–79.
1063:Jackson,
1046:Jackson,
747:, son of
713:Derenrice
638:Old Welsh
563:Brigantes
504:Brythonic
454:Old Welsh
389:) was an
193:Religion
3288:Uí Ímair
3223:(Norman)
3217:(Norman)
3210:Ó Ruairc
3195:Ó Briain
3179:Uí Ímair
3139:Uí Néill
3061:Ó Briain
3031:Uí Néill
2905:Galloway
2900:Uí Ímair
2895:Bernicia
2857:Scotland
2810:Normandy
2790:Uí Ímair
2775:Bernicia
2551:Religion
2536:Language
2531:Identity
2458:Scotland
2433:Gododdin
2428:Galloway
2403:Bernicia
2398:Bamburgh
2282:Eanfrith
2252:Theodric
2246:Æthelric
2143:See also
2127:Wihtwara
2097:Meonwara
2072:Basingas
2016:Westerne
1926:Husmerae
1876:Æbbingas
1871:Ælfingas
1836:Cantware
1831:Boroware
1809:Deningei
1804:Dæningas
1774:Tewingas
1769:Tetingas
1717:Gegingas
1637:Regiones
1577:Iclingas
1565:Monarchs
1539:Bernicia
1490:Kingdoms
1310:(1953).
1071:, p. 81.
1054:, p. 81.
1037:, p. 81.
997:to form
954:Theodric
948:Æthelric
899:May 2020
851:Bamburgh
847:de facto
812:Ecgfrith
802:in 634.
792:Eanfrith
753:Gododdin
689:Beornice
650:Bryneich
606:Bamburgh
595:Coel Hen
591:Votadini
512:Bamburgh
500:Beornice
476:Birneich
472:Berneich
462:Byrneich
458:Bryneich
399:Scotland
379:Bernicia
368:Scotland
304:Votadini
206:Monarchy
167:Bamburgh
125:Beornice
3270:Windsor
3260:Hanover
3232:Ó Néill
3181:(Norse)
3159:Chaisil
3114:Cruthin
3109:Osraige
3104:Dáirine
3046:Ó Néill
2993:Ireland
2973:Gwynedd
2968:Dinefwr
2963:Cunedda
2935:Stewart
2925:Balliol
2910:Dunkeld
2825:Angevin
2755:Wuffing
2742:England
2635:Marches
2561:Warfare
2556:Society
2499:Economy
2423:Fortriu
2165:Danelaw
2087:Gewisse
2062:Wessex:
2050:Sussex:
2006:Undaium
2001:Tomsæte
1956:Pecsæte
1896:Bilsæte
1881:Arosæte
1866:Mercia:
1759:Haering
1675:Ikelgas
1655:Suffolk
1650:Norfolk
1522:Lindsey
1185:. 1900.
866:Lothian
855:Ealdred
784:Gwynedd
767:, near
761:Cumbric
626:bishops
575:Brïγent
571:Bernech
532:Dinbaer
528:Wilfrid
518:in the
496:Bernice
484:Birnech
480:Bernech
432:to the
395:Anglian
362:England
187:Cumbric
163:Capital
97:See why
3293:Crovan
3250:Stuart
3089:Laigin
3021:Laigin
3011:Érainn
2920:Sverre
2870:Óengus
2865:Fergus
2847:Stuart
2805:Godwin
2795:Wessex
2765:Sussex
2750:Mercia
2623:Places
2607:Second
2575:Events
2472:Topics
2453:Rhinns
2448:Orkney
2288:Oswald
2234:Glappa
2132:Ytenes
2043:Loidis
1951:Pecset
1916:Gyrwas
1851:Lympne
1724:Surrey
1692:Essex:
1625:Wessex
1620:Sussex
1610:Mercia
1556:Wessex
1551:Sussex
1517:Hwicce
1512:Mercia
1424:
1410:
1396:
1382:
1368:
1346:
1332:
1254:
1229:
1204:
1165:
1142:
1134:
1095:
1003:Viking
980:Deiran
978:Under
936:Glappa
796:Oswald
695:along
524:Dunbar
488:Celtic
418:Durham
416:, and
128:
3215:Burgh
3099:Ulaid
3001:Ulaid
2983:Tudor
2950:Wales
2930:Bruce
2915:Moray
2885:Alpin
2842:Tudor
2815:Blois
2780:Deira
2770:Essex
2661:Court
2602:First
2566:Women
2546:Music
2509:Trade
2443:Moray
2438:Isles
2294:Oswiu
2276:Edwin
2264:Hussa
1911:Gaini
1816:Kent:
1665:Gywre
1600:Essex
1544:Deira
1502:Essex
1434:2008.
1009:Notes
995:Deira
966:Hussa
828:Norse
808:Oswiu
769:Leeds
757:Elmet
745:Edwin
737:Deira
705:Deira
701:Roman
548:Colud
438:Deira
430:Forth
238:Deira
2835:York
2760:Kent
2393:Alba
2346:Eras
2240:Adda
1784:Tota
1749:Haka
1702:Beda
1660:Elge
1605:Kent
1507:Kent
1422:ISBN
1408:ISBN
1394:ISBN
1380:ISBN
1366:ISBN
1344:ISBN
1330:ISBN
1275:Bede
1252:ISBN
1227:ISBN
1202:ISBN
1163:ISBN
1140:ISBN
1132:ISBN
1106:2011
1093:ISBN
942:Adda
786:and
717:Dere
622:seat
540:Bede
482:and
434:Tees
424:and
401:and
61:lang
2666:Law
2484:Art
2408:Cat
2228:Ida
1441:."
1297:doi
930:Ida
894:.
861:.
782:of
759:(a
721:Ida
715:or
644:" (
599:Yr
542:as
494:as
460:or
253:654
243:604
81:IPA
3315::
2413:Cé
1293:89
1291:.
1277:,
1138:,
925:)
872:.
814:.
711::
687::
668:.
652:.
554:.
522:;
478:,
474:,
412:,
405:.
385::
66:,
2726:e
2719:t
2712:v
2329:e
2322:t
2315:v
2209:e
2202:t
2195:v
1472:e
1465:t
1458:v
1350:.
1303:.
1299::
1283:.
1260:.
1235:.
1210:.
1171:.
1108:.
1024:.
901:)
897:(
707:(
381:(
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99:.
34:.
20:)
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