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earliest of these businesses and included
Knoxville's first motel, Edd's Tourist Camp, which was established in Bearden in the late 1920s. Restaurants also began to appear, many of which used flashy signs, unusual Streamline Moderne architecture, and names such as the "White Dot Barbecue Stand," the "Oki-Doke Cafe," and the "Wonder Lunch Room" to attract passing tourists. Drive-in theaters and skating rinks began to appear along Kingston Pike during the 1950s.
659:
604:
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627:, which run roughly parallel to Kingston Pike, siphoned off most of the area's interstate traffic, and most of Kingston Pike's tourism-related businesses closed. Only a few buildings from Kingston Pike's Dixie Lee Highway period have survived to the present day, most notably the 11-70 Motor Court near Farragut, the Naples Restaurant in Bearden, and Dixie Lee Fireworks at Dixie Lee Junction.
369:
businesses (e.g., Dixie Lee
Nursery and Dixie Lee Fireworks) have "Highway 11 East" street addresses. US 70 west of Dixie Lee Junction is sometimes casually referred to as Kingston Pike or Kingston Highway, although its street addresses simply use "Highway 70 East." Before major highway construction in the 1960s, Kingston Pike followed a more winding route beyond
111:
86:
452:, a surveyor who had drawn up the original plat of Knoxville the previous year, to build a public road from Knoxville to Campbell's Station (modern Farragut). This road, originally about 30 feet (9.1 m) wide, was extended to Kingston by 1800. Several decades later, the road was widened to 50 feet (15.24 m) wide.
611:
The automobile traffic along the Dixie and Lee highways brought a tourism boom to
Kingston Pike. Beginning in the 1920s, businesses catering to this thru-traffic sprang up along the length of the road from Bearden to Dixie Lee Junction. Tourist camps, predecessors to the modern motel, were among the
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forces fought several skirmishes along the
Kingston road as they struggled for control of Knoxville. The Kingston Turnpike Company was chartered in 1866 to improve the Kingston road and by 1893 had extended the improved road to the county line. From the 1920s into the 1950s, Kingston Pike was a major
587:
From the 1920s until the late 1950s, Kingston Pike was known as the "Dixie Lee
Highway," as it lay along a merged stretch of two cross-country auto-tourism routes—Dixie Highway (which followed US 70 through the area) and Lee Highway (which followed US 11). Dixie Highway, conceived in 1915, was
368:
The westernmost
Kingston Pike street address is the now-demolished Court Cafe building (13110) at the county line, and the easternmost is the Metron Corporation (2309). The two-block section of road between the county line and the US 70/US 11 split is typically considered Kingston Pike, although its
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in 1970, Kingston Pike developed into
Knoxville's largest retail corridor. Historian Jack Neely wrote, "If suburban sprawl had a local name, it would be Kingston Pike." The road is now home to "an enclosed shopping mall, a big-box mall, over 100 strip malls, 100 chain restaurants," and "more acreage
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stalked the more isolated stretches of the
Kingston road, and by 1820 the section of the road just west of Bearden had been nicknamed "Murderers' Hollow." Starting around 1810, a stagecoach line was operated on the Kingston road until 1850, which was called the "Great Western Line" that ran between
566:
By 1913, trolley tracks had been constructed along
Kingston Pike as far west as Lyons View Pike, leading to residential development and the construction of apartment buildings along the 2000 and 3000 blocks. Kingston Pike was paved with a hard surface in the early 1920s, reflecting the rise of
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in 1996. The houses, concentrated primarily on the road's 2000 and 3000 blocks, were constructed circa 1834–1930, and are thus representative of the period before strip malls and other retail outlets came to dominate the road. Architectural styles in the district include
414:
1111:
549:. On November 29, after a two-week siege, Longstreet ordered McLaws to march against Fort Sanders, an earthen bastion overlooking the Kingston road from the north. The assault was beaten back, however, and Longstreet withdrew a few days later.
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In May 1866, the
Kingston Turnpike Company was chartered with the intention of improving the Kingston road to the Knox County line. The following year, Professor R. L. Kirkpatrick resurveyed the first five miles of the road, which were then
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by a crew led by Colonel R. F. Bibb. The road was also raised, and ditches were added to facilitate drainage. Knox County purchased the Kingston Turnpike Company in 1892 and completed the improved turnpike to the county line in late 1893.
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510:, who had occupied the city in September 1863. Longstreet wanted to attack the city from the south, but because of fortifications in South Knoxville, he was forced to cross the Tennessee River at Huff's Ferry in
373:, as evidenced by the numerous sideroads named "Old Kingston Pike." On some maps, Hines Valley Road, which intersects US 70 at Eaton Crossroads (just north of Lenoir City), is referred to as "Old Kingston Pike."
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in western Knox County, and an important section of several cross-country highways. The road is now a major commercial corridor, containing hundreds of stores, restaurants, and other retail establishments.
357:(US 441, locally known as Henley Street). There, the street splits into eastbound Main Street and westbound Cumberland Avenue. US 11 and US 70 follow US 441 for several blocks before veering eastward into
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and march on Knoxville from the west. To give his troops time to strengthen Knoxville's fortifications, Burnside executed a series of maneuvers to delay Longstreet's advance down the Kingston road.
635:
With the advent of the automobile in the 1920s, Knoxville's more affluent residents began fleeing urban neighborhoods for suburbs on the city's periphery. One of the earliest such suburbs was
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trail. This trail ran westward to Sinking Creek (about 10 miles west of Knoxville), where it turned abruptly southward and passed through the modern Concord area. The trail then crossed the
718:(9000) was built before the Civil War but is ineligible for listing due to numerous modifications. Several other listings are located just off Kingston Pike, ranging from the 1806-era
525:. This engagement, which lasted about six hours, allowed the greater part of Burnside's forces to make their way back down the Kingston road to Knoxville. As Burnside's chief engineer
639:, which was established just off Kingston Pike in the 1920s. After World War II, Kingston Pike experienced an explosion in suburban development. The establishment of suburbs such as
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For much of its early history, the Kingston road remained a dangerous route. In 1792, the home of Ebenezer Byram (for whom the Ebenezer community is named) was attacked by a band of
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In 1961, Knoxville annexed a large stretch of land along Kingston Pike west of Sequoyah Hills, bringing several unincorporated communities into the city. The opening of
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force attacked Cavet's Station, which stood about three miles east of the Ebenezer home, killing 12 of the station's 13 inhabitants. During the early 19th century,
600:. The two routes joined in downtown Knoxville and diverged at the US 70/US 11 split at the Knox-Loudon line, which thus became known as the Dixie-Lee Junction.
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Several buildings located along Kingston Pike are listed individually on the National Register but are not part of the historic district. These include the
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in the 1970s resulted in the collapse of retail shopping in downtown Knoxville, and Kingston Pike became Knoxville's primary commercial corridor.
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house originally constructed in 1856 by Robert H. Armstrong and remodeled in 1930. This house was listed individually on the register in 1984.
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Kingston Pike is a five-lane road that runs westward for approximately 20 miles (32 km) from the L&N tracks just east of
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Detail of an 1864-era map showing Confederate troop formations along the Kingston road in the vicinity of the Armstrong House
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776:(3100), also called Crescent Bluff, a two-story Neoclassical-style house constructed in 1915 and designed by architect
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Ann Bennett, National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form for Kingston Pike Historic District, January 1996.
736:(2728), also called the Armstrong-Lockett House, a Federal-style brick house built by Drury Paine Armstrong in 1834.
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By 1788, this trail had been incorporated into the North Carolina Road, the main route connecting settlements in
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790:(3128), a two-story Queen Anne/Neoclassical house originally constructed in 1900, and remodeled in 1929 by
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780:. From 1961 until 1987, this house was home to the Dulin Art Gallery, which eventually evolved into the
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The Sevierville Hill Site: A Civil War Union Encampment on the Southern Heights of Knoxville, Tennessee
361:. West of Dixie Lee Junction, US 70 continues westward to Kingston, while US 11 veers southwestward to
770:(3051–3065), a three-story Spanish Colonial Revival-style apartment building constructed c.1930.
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The Kingston Pike Historic District consists of two dozen houses and apartment buildings added to the
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which connected Knoxville to Campbell's Station, now Farragut. About 1795, the road was extended to
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and downtown areas as Cumberland Avenue. This road continues to just west of its intersection with
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The Nicholas, a Spanish Colonial Revival-style apartment building at 3051–3065 Kingston Pike
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818:(3425), a two-story Queen Anne/Richardsonian Romanesque house built in 1890 by John E. Lutz and
742:(2742), a two-story Spanish Colonial Revival-style brick apartment building constructed in 1927.
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754:(3039), a two-story Spanish Colonial Revival-style brick apartment building constructed c.1928.
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On November 16, a portion of Burnside's troops engaged Longstreet's vanguard, led by General
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with beaches in the South. Lee Highway was primarily an east-west route that connected
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The 11-70 Motor Court, an early motel from Kingston Pike's Dixie Lee Highway period
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541:. He set up his headquarters at the Bleak House, and his staff set up offices at
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led to a 38% population increase in the Kingston Pike area during the 1950s.
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The Kingston road, as it appeared on an 1839 map of post offices in Tennessee
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1017:(Knoxville, Tenn.: University of Tennessee Transportation Center, 1993), 15.
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Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Tennessee
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county line. East of the L&N tracks, Kingston Pike continues into the
272:. From its initial construction in the 1790s until the development of the
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1030:(Knoxville, Tenn.: East Tennessee Historical Society, 1976), pp. 186-189.
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in Ebenezer to the 1954 Hotpoint Living-Conditioned Home in West Hills.
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in the 1950s and 1960s brought an end to the Dixie Lee Highway period.
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Roughly 2728–3151, 3201, 3219, 3401, 3425, and 3643 Kingston Pike
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The old Kingston road was originally surveyed and laid out in 1792 by
1002:
The French Broad-Holston Country: A History of Knox County, Tennessee
380:(SR 1). Kingston Pike runs roughly parallel with a merged stretch of
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784:. The Dulin House was listed individually on the register in 1974.
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1004:(Knoxville, Tenn.: The Society, 1972), pp. 179, 237-238, 333-334.
1043:(Knoxville, Tenn.: University of Tennessee Press, 2005), p. 104.
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Yellow Pages listing for the Dixie Lee Nursery and Garden Center
938:
Lincolnites and Rebels: A Divided Town in the American Civil War
896:
From the Shadow Side: And Other Stories of Knoxville, Tennessee
748:, a two-story brick Georgian Revival-style house built in 1930.
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worked feverishly to fortify the city, Union cavalry commander
1132:
Roads on the National Register of Historic Places in Tennessee
826:. This house was listed individually on the register in 1984.
1122:
National Register of Historic Places in Knoxville, Tennessee
607:
The now-demolished Court Cafe building at Dixie Lee Junction
1026:
East Tennessee Historical Society, Lucile Deaderick (ed.),
806:(3148), also called Confederate Memorial Hall, a two-story
448:
area. In 1792, the newly created Knox County commissioned
1057:
Standard History of Knoxville: Chapter 14: Transportation
662:
The H. L. Dulin House (3100 Kingston Pike), built in 1915
1000:
East Tennessee Historical Society, Mary Rothrock (ed.),
325:
of asphalt surface parking than any other street in the
571:, Kingston Pike had been expanded to a four-lane road.
1041:
Knoxville, Tennessee: A Mountain City in the New South
1028:
Heart of the Valley: A History of Knoxville, Tennessee
533:
executed a delaying action just west of town near the
376:
Along with US 70 and US 11, Kingston Pike is part of
916:
John Wooldridge, George Mellen, William Rule (ed.),
940:(New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), 159-171.
706:(2511), the Tyson Junior High building (2607), the
421:What is now Kingston Pike was originally part of a
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588:a north-south route that connected cities in the
276:in the 1960s, Kingston Pike was the main traffic
962:MerchantCircle listing for Dixie Lee Fireworks
317:highways, which intersected at Kingston Pike.
8:
341:to the divergence of US 70 and US 11 in the
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894:Jack Neely, "Down the Dixie Lee Highway,"
309:stopover for tourists traveling along the
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40:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
1077:Transportation in Knox County, Tennessee
986:USGS Topographical Map - Lenoir City, TN
918:Standard History of Knoxville, Tennessee
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668:National Register of Historic Places
920:(General Books, 2009), pp. 171-173.
898:(Tellico Books, 2003), pp. 125-139.
180:approximately 61 acres (25 ha)
1082:Pre-statehood history of Tennessee
710:(4084), Knollwood (6411), and the
502:in hopes of taking Knoxville from
14:
567:automobile travel. By the end of
988:. Retrieved: 19 September 2010.
964:. Retrieved: 19 September 2010.
952:. Retrieved: 19 September 2010.
320:Starting with the completion of
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1087:History of Knoxville, Tennessee
429:and continued southward to the
345:community just across the Knox-
252:, United States, that connects
32:Kingston Pike Historic District
459:. The following year, a small
396:, Bearden, Ebenezer Mill, and
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1:
118:Show map of the United States
523:Battle of Campbell's Station
21:United States historic place
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16:Highway in Tennessee, U.S.
617:Interstate Highway System
468:Knoxville and Nashville.
274:Interstate Highway System
223:NRHP reference
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66:Kingston Pike, circa 1900
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974:Twin Lake Material, Inc.
697:Spanish Colonial Revival
590:Midwestern United States
444:with settlements in the
213:Spanish Colonial Revival
201:Architectural style
782:Knoxville Museum of Art
704:Ossoli Circle Clubhouse
615:The development of the
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539:settled in for a siege
486:Battle of Fort Sanders
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435:Little Tennessee River
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250:Knox County, Tennessee
49:U.S. Historic district
820:Adelia Armstrong Lutz
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708:Benjamin Morton House
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161:35.94944°N 83.95500°W
93:Show map of Tennessee
1062:Kingston Pike Online
796:Barber & McMurry
693:Neoclassical Revival
290:Fort Southwest Point
134:Knoxville, Tennessee
1117:Farragut, Tennessee
788:George Taylor House
740:Van Dyke Apartments
712:Avery Russell House
594:Arlington, Virginia
498:marched north from
166:35.94944; -83.95500
157: /
1092:Roads in Tennessee
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746:3024 Kingston Pike
716:Baker Peters House
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531:William P. Sanders
492:Confederate forces
490:In November 1863,
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343:Dixie Lee Junction
266:U.S. Route 11
254:Downtown Knoxville
936:Robert McKenzie,
792:Charles I. Barber
778:John Russell Pope
774:H. L. Dulin House
752:Monday Apartments
654:Historic district
631:Later development
575:Dixie Lee Highway
553:Kingston Turnpike
431:Overhill Cherokee
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375:
367:
351:Fort Sanders
336:
319:
283:
245:
244:
217:Neoclassical
18:
803:Bleak House
623:(I-40) and
560:macadamized
535:Bleak House
527:Orlando Poe
500:Chattanooga
363:Lenoir City
302:Confederate
164: /
140:Coordinates
1071:Categories
1013:Yong Kim,
831:References
720:Statesview
689:Queen Anne
641:West Hills
598:California
484:See also:
465:highwaymen
394:West Hills
270:US 70
152:83°57′18″W
149:35°56′58″N
543:Knollwood
521:, at the
472:Civil War
446:Nashville
298:Civil War
193:Architect
815:Westwood
681:Bungalow
461:Cherokee
437:valley.
294:Kingston
262:Farragut
230:96001404
196:multiple
128:Location
673:Federal
596:, with
404:History
398:Concord
371:Bearden
205:Federal
695:, and
512:Loudon
457:Creeks
347:Loudon
278:artery
333:Route
311:Dixie
306:Union
256:with
185:Built
625:I-75
545:and
384:and
313:and
304:and
177:Area
329:."
315:Lee
225:No.
1073::
993:^
925:^
903:^
871:^
839:^
699:.
691:,
687:,
683:,
679:,
675:,
400:.
392:,
365:.
300:,
260:,
215:,
211:,
207:,
798:.
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