462:(VA). On review, the VA disagreed he had PTSD and denied him disability benefits. Kisor appealed that decision in 2006, this time with additional documentation that was not available in 1982, including his service record. The VA granted benefits with this information, but with a start date of 2006 rather than 1982. The VA interpreted its own regulations that the new documents presented were not "relevant" to his first request in 1982, despite Kisor stating that the VA affirmed his PTSD from his combat record forms. Both the Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims and the
31:
553:, namely, the court's belief of implicit Congressional intent. The court inferred that the agency itself can best state the regulation's authorial intent, has the expertise to make what's essentially a policy decision, and can promote uniformity. Justice Kagan further stated that while the decision upholds the
575:
The Court's unanimous ruling on the judgment of the specific matter of Kisor's case with the VA found that the
Federal Circuit did not use all the tools it had at hand to properly analyze the interpretation of the VA's regulations, thus vacating the prior decision and remanding it for review in light
346:
deference is used to defer to an executive agency's interpretation of the "construction of the statute which it administers", as long as
Congress has not passed any legislation to address the statute, and the interpretation is a "permissible construction" of the statute. This was further established
323:
on precedent, but did reverse and remand the veteran's case to be reheard with stricter adherence to the principles of whether the Auer deference did apply in the veteran's case. However, the Court did state that there are times when the Auer deference may be inappropriate, and outlined rules for
506:
contributed towards the administrative state; they also expressed concern that such agencies, and not the judiciary, are typically the only appropriate entities with expert knowledge in the agency's field to make appropriate interpretations, citing the example of a complex chemical requirement
501:
deference. The
Supreme Court granted the petition on the first question only, with oral arguments heard on March 27, 2019. During oral arguments, while the Court acknowledged the shortcomings of allowing agencies to interpret their own policies without reasonable public input; and how
308:, in which the judiciary branch of the government normally defers to an agency's own interpretation of its own regulations in resolving matters of law. Lower courts, including the Federal Appeals Circuit Courts, ruled against the veteran, acknowledging the Auer deference.
1528:
1403:
1663:
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565:; "the agency's construction of its rule must still be reasonable"; the rule must be an authoritative statement by superior officials of the agency; it must implicate agency expertise; and it cannot create unfair surprise.
470:
gave the VA the ability to define the meaning of "relevant" in this regulation, and putting the onus on Kisor to demonstrate it was not a valid interpretation. Kisor's petition for the
Federal Circuit to rehear the case
1485:
1700:
1544:
632:
334:
1355:
1339:
568:
Chief justice
Roberts joined only the portion of the majority opinion that limited the application of Auer. He did not join the parts of the opinion that stated the justifications for
463:
685:
662:
637:
615:
585:
82:
549:, writing for the majority, issued an opinion by herself and the other liberal justices, joined partly by Chief Justice Roberts. Kagan began by reiterating the justification of
431:
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deference would also apply to interpretations of regulations established by the agency, as long as the interpretation was not inconsistent with the regulation. The decision of
1647:
395:, later stated his regret for writing that decision, calling it "one of the worst opinions in the history of this country," and questioned it in a concurring opinion in
1623:
1002:
810:
1387:
1176:
380:, later made Dean of Harvard Law School, have expressed concern that this ruling gives executive agencies too much power, able to draw judicial power in a growing
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case related to the interpretation by an executive agency of its own ambiguous regulations. The case involved a veteran who had been denied some benefits from the
1710:
1323:
1631:
1655:
528:
The Court issued its decision on June 26, 2019, reversing and remanding the case back to the
Federal Circuit Court. The ruling specifically did not overrule
497:(1945) should be overturned, and second, whether the canon of interpretation requiring courts to construe interpretive ambiguity in favor of veterans trumps
459:
295:
542:, though some dissents-in-part from Justices Thomas, Alito, Gorsuch, and Kavanaugh indicated they would have ruled in favor of overturning those decisions.
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1101:
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deference, "we reinforce its limits." Kagan wrote that the Auer deference is "sometimes appropriate and sometimes not," and stated that the
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384:. Some have found agencies more likely to write vague regulations so that they can be interpreted as needed in future legal challenges.
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35:
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deference can only be considered when "a regulation is genuinely ambiguous"; the court has exhausted traditional tools of
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1031:"Supreme Court refuses to overturn 'Auer deference,' precedent that strengthens the power of government regulators"
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half-jokingly expressed concern that a poor decision in this case could be the "greatest judicial power grab since
974:
1003:"Supreme Court won't strip federal agencies of power to interpret regulations, a top priority of conservatives"
562:
381:
271:
Gorsuch (in judgment), joined by Thomas; Kavanaugh (Parts I, II, III, IV, and V); Alito (Parts I, II, and III)
511:. The Justices expressed concern with fractured interpretation of regulations within other agencies should
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On
Petition for a Writ of Certiorari to the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit re
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843:
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420:
388:
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198:
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Kagan (Parts I, II–B, III–B, and IV), joined by
Roberts, Ginsburg, Breyer, Sotomayor
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reconsideration in an appropriate case". Observers also identified that
Justice
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due to the agency's interpretation of its regulations. The case challenges the "
218:
1204:
134:
1007:
815:
707:"Between Seminole Rock and a Hard Place: A New Approach to Agency Deference"
536:, as Kisor's case lacked the proper motivation for doing so and to overcome
407:(Docket 15–861) that members of the Court, including himself, Chief Justice
342:
deference, a doctrine frequently applied in federal courts. In essence, the
138:
117:
89:
811:"Supreme Court appears wary of taking on federal agencies over regulations"
839:"Kavanaugh's Court begins its inevitable power grab with Kisor v. Wilkie"
489:
to the
Supreme Court in April 2018, asking two questions. First, whether
1137:
780:"The Boring Supreme Court Case That Could Help Make America Great Again"
403:
had written in his dissenting opinion on the denial of the petition for
473:
122:
867:"Supreme Court Tees Up Major Challenge to Power of Federal Regulators"
159:, but courts must use all interpretive powers it has to affirm if the
975:"Limiting Agency Power, a Goal of the Right, Gets Supreme Court Test"
458:(PTSD) from his service, Kisor sought disability benefits from the
255:
Kagan (Parts II–A and III–A), joined by Ginsburg, Breyer, Sotomayor
750:"Symposium: In "Gundy II," Auer survives by a vote of 4.6 to 4.4"
1035:
127:
110:
1158:
633:
Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.
335:
Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.
30:
315:
overturned. The Court issued its decision in June 2019 that
1356:
Bi-Metallic Investment Co. v. State Board of Equalization
434:, authored decisions that called for a re-evaluation of
365:, but most of the federal courts have adopted the term
319:
lacked sufficient motivation and rationale to overturn
1701:
United States Supreme Court cases of the Roberts Court
464:
United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
586:
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 588
576:
of the limitations set forth for the Auer deference.
432:
United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit
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1322:
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1124:, No. 18-15, 588 U.S. ___ (2019) is available from:
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49:
42:
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1084:Larkin, Paul J.; Slattery, Elizabeth H. (2019).
968:
966:
1061:Hickman, Kristin E.; Thomson, Mark R. (2019).
1170:
8:
460:United States Department of Veterans Affairs
296:United States Department of Veterans Affairs
466:affirmed the VA's decision, affirming that
1454:Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. Volpe
1434:
1380:Board of Regents of State Colleges v. Roth
1328:
1177:
1163:
1155:
1102:Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy
509:United States Food and Drug Administration
477:was denied, with three judges dissenting.
397:Talk America v. Michigan Bell Telephone Co
20:
603:
601:
454:. In 1982, stating that he had developed
446:James Kisor is a veteran Marine from the
376:, many legal commentators, starting with
151:There is no sufficient cause to overturn
290:, No. 18-15, 588 U.S. ___ (2019), was a
279:Kavanaugh (in judgment), joined by Alito
1640:Bowen v. Georgetown University Hospital
597:
682:Bowles v. Seminole Rock & Sand Co.
495:Bowles v. Seminole Rock & Sand Co.
363:Bowles v. Seminole Rock & Sand Co.
1711:United States administrative case law
391:, who wrote the majority opinion for
18:2019 United States Supreme Court case
7:
1601:Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo
837:Millhiser, Ian (December 12, 2018).
773:
771:
744:
742:
740:
738:
736:
734:
732:
778:French, David (December 11, 2018).
36:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
1696:United States Supreme Court cases
1029:Higgens, Tucker (June 26, 2019).
865:Mauro, Tony (December 10, 2018).
405:United Student Aid Funds v. Bible
324:lower courts to use as a metric.
1186:United States administrative law
809:Wolf, Richard (March 27, 2019).
450:, and had been a participant in
361:had been previously mirrored in
338:introduced what is known as the
29:
1716:United States veterans case law
1001:Wolf, Richard (June 26, 2019).
973:Liptak, Adam (March 27, 2019).
945:"Court releases March calendar"
302:" established in the 1997 case
1706:Post-traumatic stress disorder
1691:2019 in United States case law
1521:Universal Camera Corp. v. NLRB
1446:Abbott Laboratories v. Gardner
1245:Government in the Sunshine Act
705:Leske, Kevin (November 2013).
493:, as well as the related case
1:
572:and declined to overrule it.
456:posttraumatic stress disorder
423:, had "repeatedly called for
1561:Christensen v. Harris County
1420:Logan v. Zimmerman Brush Co.
1233:Administrative Procedure Act
1147:Supreme Court (slip opinion)
1577:United States v. Mead Corp.
1513:Skidmore v. Swift & Co.
1505:NLRB v. Hearst Publications
1269:Code of Federal Regulations
485:Kisor filed a petition for
353:in 1997, which stated that
1732:
1283:Emergency Federal Register
1251:Regulatory Flexibility Act
1239:Freedom of Information Act
1138:Oyez (oral argument audio)
934: (Fed. Cir. 2018).
901: (Fed. Cir. 2017).
430:, while he served on the
172:
163:deference is appropriate.
150:
28:
311:The case sought to have
1324:Supreme Court decisions
1063:"The Chevronization of
1404:Vermont Yankee v. NRDC
1388:United States v. FECRC
1313:Foreign Affairs Manual
1215:Nondelegation doctrine
711:Connecticut Law Review
563:statutory construction
515:be overruled. Justice
507:established under the
452:Operation Harvest Moon
1372:Richardson v. Perales
932:880 F.3d 1378
899:869 F.3d 1360
88:139 S. Ct. 2400; 204
45:Decided June 26, 2019
43:Argued March 27, 2019
1593:West Virginia v. EPA
1412:Califano v. Yamasaki
1298:Policies and manuals
1072:Minnesota Law Review
382:administrative state
372:Since the ruling on
1396:Mathews v. Eldridge
1225:Federal legislation
872:National Law Review
195:Ruth Bader Ginsburg
1529:MVMA v. State Farm
1486:Corner Post v. FRB
1348:Londoner v. Denver
1340:CMSPR v. Minnesota
980:The New York Times
951:. January 25, 2019
522:Marbury v. Madison
487:writ of certiorari
183:Associate Justices
133:(Fed. Cir. 2018);
54:James L. Kisor v.
1678:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1611:
1610:
1462:Heckler v. Chaney
1364:Goldberg v. Kelly
1086:"The World After
283:
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263:Roberts (in part)
120:2017); rehearing
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1435:
1329:
1276:Federal Register
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927:Kisor v. Shulkin
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328:Legal background
292:US Supreme Court
168:Court membership
107:Kisor v. Shulkin
56:Robert L. Wilkie
33:
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1664:NCTA v. Brand X
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1585:Kisor v. Wilkie
1553:Auer v. Robbins
1545:Chevron v. NRDC
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1431:Judicial Review
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1289:Regulations.gov
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756:. June 27, 2019
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658:Auer v. Robbins
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622:___ (2019).
608:Kisor v. Wilkie
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444:
442:Case background
417:Anthony Kennedy
401:Clarence Thomas
350:Auer v. Robbins
330:
305:Auer v. Robbins
287:Kisor v. Wilkie
231:Brett Kavanaugh
221:
211:Sonia Sotomayor
209:
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187:Clarence Thomas
137:. granted, 202
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24:Kisor v. Wilkie
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1656:Whitman v. ATA
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1109:(2): 625–648.
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1103:
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1089:
1088:Seminole Rock
1082:
1079:(2): 103–113.
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268:Concurrence
260:Concurrence
219:Elena Kagan
141:491 (2018).
1685:Categories
1205:Rulemaking
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760:August 11,
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