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of 1920 made it compulsory for
African males above the age of 15. The effect of its adoption was to radically restrict the mobility of Africans. The main intent of the policy, supposedly, was to keep track of the labor pool efficiently.
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caused much resentment as all
African males were required to wear it at all times around their necks.
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The case for a kipande, with the chain by which it was always hung around the neck.
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was an identity document which featured basic personal details,
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David
Anderson (2000), "Master and Servant in Colonial Kenya",
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The word "Kipande" is also part of some Kenyan place names.
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189:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
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