42:
1008:
422:
974:
898:
625:
956:
991:
1124:
1025:
1042:
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840:– although it distanced itself from other fascist movements. The organization began to exhibit pro-Soviet sympathies, arguing that the monarchy and the Soviet Bolshevik system could peacefully coexist (their slogan being "Tsar and the Soviets", a socialist version of the traditional "Tsar and People" ). Kirill became more wary of the organization when he learned that its founder,
764:, wearing a red band on his uniform. Kirill had authorised the flying of a red flag over his palace on Glinka Street in Petrograd and in correspondence with a Romanov relative claimed credit for "saving the situation by my recognition of the Provisional Government". It is probable that he had hoped that by ingratiating himself with the Provisional Government he would be declared
1076:
492:. During breaks from his daily lessons, he trained in a gym with his brothers at the Vladimir Palace. He traveled extensively with his parents visiting many European countries, including Spain. A love for music and carpentry work remained in him for the rest of his life. In 1911 he designed a propeller-driven sled that is considered to be one of the predecessors of the
476:, and their country retreat, the Vladimir Villa in Tsarskoye Selo. Until he was fourteen years of age, Grand Duke Kirill was educated at home by private tutors. His education was supervised by General Alexander Daller, a retired artillery officer. He received military training and religion instruction, and learned the languages spoken by the Romanovs:
453:. Kirill's parents, wealthy and sophisticated, were influential figures in Russian society. Grand Duke Vladimir was cultured and a great patron of the arts, while Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna was a renowned hostess in the Imperial capital. Both had imposing personalities and left a big imprint in the lives of Kirill and his siblings.
41:
401:
and, as next in line to the throne, as the
Guardian of the Throne in 1924. Kirill proclaimed himself emperor-in-exile in 1926. He worked for the restoration of the monarchy from exile for the rest of his life, but his claims were contested by some factions of the monarchists in a division that
504:
From an early age, Grand Duke Kirill had a love for the sea and his parents encouraged him to follow a career in the
Imperial Navy. At age fifteen, in the autumn 1891, he began his training for the naval college. He began his naval career as a midshipman on the sail training ship
727:
when he published a private letter of the
Dowager Empress in 1924 in which she stated that Kirill's assumption of the position was "premature." The Dowager Empress believed that her sons and grandsons might still be alive in Russia. Grand Duke Kirill wrote to
723:. In accordance with these laws, Kirill raised his children to the rank of Grand Duke and Grand Duchess after assuming the position of senior male of the Romanov family, and Head of the Imperial House. This elevation was openly denounced by Grand Duke
509:
in the summer of 1892. He returned to his home in
Tsarkoe Selo in the winter 1892 and spent the following year studying for his examinations at the naval college. Between the summer 1893 and the autumn 1893, he was back at sea training in the ship
659:, the wife of Nicholas II. The Tsarina already disliked her former sister-in-law and first cousin, being instrumental in leading the opposition to the marriage in the Russian court. She was not alone in her opposition. Dowager Empress
810:
After claiming the throne, Kirill became known as the "Soviet Tsar" because in the event of a restoration of the monarchy, he intended to keep some of the features of the Soviet regime. While living in exile, he was supported by some
718:
All the children were born to the rank of Prince and
Princess of Russia, not entitled to the rank of Grand Duke or Grand Duchess as they were not children or grandchildren in the male line of a Russian Emperor according to the
807:. In 1926 at a (Russian) monarchists congress in Paris the delegates voted to recognize Grand Duke Nicholas as their leader; however, with Nicholas's death in 1929 Kirill became the undisputed leader of the monarchists.
3265:
3031:
674:, Nicholas II restored Kirill to his rank of captain in the Imperial Russian Navy and his position as aide de camp to the emperor. He was given the title Grand Duke of Russia and from then on his wife was styled as
563:
In 1898, he took a trip around the world. One of his last stops was in New York in
January 1899. He was invited to the newly formed Russian-speaking club "Rousskaia Beceda" and elected Honorary President.
3220:
2054:"This era of globalization is also an era of monarchs as symbols: An Interview with the Director of the Chancellery of the Russian Imperial House, A. N. Zakatov on the website "Russia for Everyone""
3235:
1492:
2811:
2740:
804:
724:
667:, his position in the navy and then banished him from Russia, though the style of Imperial Highness and title of Grand Duke was restored on 5 October 1905, shortly after Kirill left Russia
3024:
2831:
663:
was also appalled at the effrontery of Kirill's marriage. Shortly after Kirill's return to Russia, the Tsar stripped Kirill of his imperial allowance and title of
Imperial Highness, his
1460:
446:
3270:
732:"Nothing can be compared to what I shall now have to endure on this account, and I know full well I can expect no mercy from all the malicious attacks and accusations of vanity."
2191:
3017:
1434:
633:
549:
345:
183:
468:. The four surviving children were close to each other and to their parents, who were devoted to them. Kirill Vladimirovich grew up between his parents' residence in
2806:
2796:
359:, Grand Duke Kirill was appointed Commander of the Naval Depot of the Guards in 1915. He achieved the rank of rear admiral in the Imperial Navy in 1916. During the
3200:
2791:
2761:
2613:
1797:
Illustrirte
Zeitung, Der Motorschlitten des Großfürsten Kyrill von Russland. Vol. 136, Part 1, Nr. 3523, J. J. Weber, Leipzig 5. Januar 1911, Page 46, online:
803:
he was the heir to the throne. However, his claim caused division within the family; his principal rival, and the only one to reject his claim was Grand Duke
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222:
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and was its captain in 1912. In 1913, he joined the
Maritime Division of the Imperial Guard and was made Commander of the Naval Guards in 1915.
2816:
2714:
819:, in Russian легитимисты), underlining the "legitimacy" of Kirill's succession. The opponents of Kirill were known as the "un-predetermined" (
2903:
2897:
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2395:
2367:
2236:
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1518:
637:
317:
267:
2468:
897:
660:
557:
348:, who both defied Nicholas II by not obtaining his consent. They had two daughters and settled in Paris before they were allowed to visit
3009:
1338:
2188:
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1098:
701:
651:
The marriage caused a scandal in the courts of
European royalty as Princess Victoria was divorced from her first husband, Grand Duke
2606:
2448:
2423:
2381:
2116:
845:
553:
247:
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2944:
612:
in April 1904. Kirill barely escaped with his life, and was invalided out of the service suffering from burns, back injuries and
512:
456:
Grand Duke Kirill was six months old when his eldest brother, Alexander, died in childhood. He also had three younger siblings:
996:
879:
664:
3215:
3152:
2409:
2161:
2008:
1936:
1143:
761:
694:(2 February 1907 – 27 October 1951) married Friedrich Karl, Prince of Leiningen on 25 November 1925. They had seven children.
368:
1798:
2622:
1312:
795:, Kirill first declared himself "Guardian of the Throne" on 8 August 1924 and then on 31 August 1924 he assumed the title
711:
656:
537:
430:
301:
94:
1862:"A Club of Russians. The "Rousskaia Beceda," its aims and objects. A membership of forty, all of whom must speak Russian"
3260:
2599:
1370:
1047:
823:, in Russian непредрешенцы); they believed that in the wake of the radical revolutionary events that the convening of a
592:
378:, where his wife gave birth to the couple's only son. In exile, they lived for some years among his wife's relatives in
2464:
3169:
841:
568:
979:
576:
449:, née Duchess Marie Alexandrine of Mecklenburg. As a grandson in the male line to a Russian Tsar, he was titled
1115:
2027:
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141:
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277:
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17:
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in 1920. The exiled family subsequently moved to a small residence in the tiny French fishing village of
552:. They flirted with each other at the balls and celebrations, but Victoria Melita was already married to
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1007:
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127:
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383:
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1058:
588:
328:
2000:
1667:
2053:
894:, Russia on 7 March 1995 after negotiations conducted by his granddaughter Maria Vladimirovna.
2999:
title of pretence granted by Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich as claimant to the Russian throne
2992:
title of pretence granted by Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich as claimant to the Russian throne
2540:
2444:
2419:
2405:
2391:
2377:
2363:
2232:
2157:
2141:
2112:
2004:
1932:
1123:
913:"a sum of nearly half a million gold marks in 1922-1923 for German-Russian national matters".
214:
123:
3048:
2683:
2482:
2271:[Exchange of Decorations between the Kings of Portugal and the Emperors of Russia].
2229:
Les Grand'Croix de la Légion d'honneur de 1805 à nos jours. Titulaires français et étrangers
1992:
1966:
Romanov, Kirill V. "My Life in Russia's Service," London: Seleyn & Blount, 1939., p.222.
1805:
1013:
910:
481:
477:
398:
289:
166:
103:
49:
2632:
2215:
2195:
1092:
990:
489:
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379:
836:, a Russian émigré monarchist organization that ultimately became heavily influenced by
3044:
1993:
924:
891:
800:
753:
641:
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364:
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107:
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During the rule of the Provisional Governmental in the summer 1917, Kirill escaped to
3184:
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469:
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1149:
1030:
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720:
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on 8 October 1905 without any consent from Tsar Nicholas II. Victoria's father was
812:
609:
2460:
3098:
678:
Grand Duchess Viktoria Feodorovna. From 1909–1912, Kirill served on the cruiser
613:
356:
69:
2311:
2109:
Dreamer of the day: Francis Parker Yockey and the Postwar Fascist International
906:
833:
605:
596:
529:
450:
332:
2076:
1864:. New York Tribune Illustrated Sunday Supplement. 15 January 1899. p. 5.
832:
Kirill found his strongest support among a group of legitimists known as the
3040:
2512:
791:
After a London court order in July 1924 recognized Grand Duke Michael to be
882:, the remains of Kirill and his spouse were transferred from Coburg to the
429:
Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich of Russia was born on 12 October [
2269:"Troca de Decorações entre os Reis de Portugal e os Imperadores da Rússia"
1041:
493:
2591:
2336:
2041:
The Frontier of Loyalty: Political Exiles in the Age of the Nation-State
862:
who styled himself "Grand Duke and head of the Russian Imperial House".
437:, at his parents' country residence, the Vladimir Villa. His father was
938:
837:
772:
375:
242:
2189:
Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach
1802:– "Der Motorschlitten des Großfürsten Kyrill von Russland" (in German)
655:, also her first cousin. The Grand Duke of Hesse's sister was Tsarina
2985:
of 1886, limiting the style to sons and male-line grandsons of a tsar
2299:
Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Herzogtums Braunschweig für das Jahr 1912
1075:
955:
776:
765:
545:
520:, in the summer 1894, he joined his third training ship, the frigate
152:
2268:
628:
Kirill with his wife Victoria and their two daughters Marie and Kira
2461:
Newspaper clippings about Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich of Russia
2438:
A Fatal Passion: The Story of the Uncrowned Last Empress of Russia,
909:, when he was in Germany. On one occasion, he is said to have paid
687:
Grand Duke Kirill and Princess Victoria Melita had three children:
413:, is one of two claimants to the headship of the House of Romanov.
2982:
2208:
739:
623:
517:
420:
2025:
Michael and Natasha: The Life and Love of the Last Tsar of Russia
425:
Kirill (centre) with his brothers Andrei (left) and Boris (right)
3013:
2595:
1704:
1702:
648:, a daughter of Tsar Alexander II and Kirill's paternal aunt.
344:
in April 1904. In 1905, he married his paternal first cousin,
327:
serving for 20 years in the Naval Guards. He took part in the
1156:, who notoriously claimed to be the Grand Duchess Anastasia.
3266:
Burials at Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral, Saint Petersburg
544:, became the new Tsar. During the coronation festivities in
367:
at the head of the Naval Guards and swore allegiance to the
304:
30 September] 1876 – 12 October 1938) was a son of
829:
was necessary in order to choose a new monarch for Russia.
848:
agent. Kirill accepted Kazem-Bek's voluntary resignation.
409:, which was published after his death. His granddaughter,
1152:
portrayed Kirill as an embittered and dangerous enemy to
744:
Grand Duke Kirill with his wife and their three children.
393:
With the death of his cousins Nicholas II and Grand Duke
2267:
Bragança, Jose Vicente de; Estrela, Paulo Jorge (2017).
1461:
Frederick Francis II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
2584:(182nd ed.). Almanach de Gotha. 1998. p. 214.
1695:(182nd ed.). Almanach de Gotha. 1998. p. 214.
901:
The imperial monogram of Grand Duke Cyril Vladimirovich
532:
in the summer of 1895. Grand Duke Kirill's uncle, Tsar
3221:
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
1168:
Ancestors of Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich of Russia
548:, Kirill fell in love with his paternal first cousin,
382:
and, from the late 1920s, on an estate they bought in
2433:. London: Seleyn & Blount. 1939. ASIN: B001AS1FMI
2256:(in German), Darmstadt: Staatsverlag, 1907, p. 8
3236:
Russian military personnel of the Russo-Japanese War
2177:. No. 36659. London. 8 January 1902. p. 4.
905:
Among his activities he was close to members of the
3147:
3106:
3059:
2954:
2936:
2913:
2855:
2754:
2723:
2692:
2676:
2655:
2639:
1830:
1828:
1826:
273:
263:
253:
241:
213:
177:
133:
113:
89:
85:
75:
65:
57:
48:
34:
1435:Paul Frederick, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
397:, Kirill proclaimed himself to be the head of the
316:, Russia's last emperor. He was also the uncle of
851:Just before he died, he wrote his autobiography,
712:Princess Leonida Georgievna Bagration-Moukhransky
634:Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
550:Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
346:Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
184:Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
2977:born a Grand Duke, but stripped of his title by
2111:. Brooklyn, New York: Autonomedia. p. 603.
540:20 October] 1894 and Kirill's cousin,
3271:White movement collaborators with Nazi Germany
2231:. Paris: Archives & Culture. p. 518.
1780:
1778:
1776:
1762:
1760:
1746:
1744:
3025:
2607:
2404:, Odense: Syddansk Universitetsforlag, 2009.
2156:, Odense: Syddansk Universitetsforlag, 2009.
516:. After joining his father on a long trip to
8:
865:Kirill was buried at the ducal mausoleum at
704:on 31 October 1938. They had seven children.
632:Grand Duke Kirill married his first cousin,
575:, on 1 January 1904, Kirill was promoted to
2386:Korneva, Galina and Cheboksarova, Tatiana.
1277:Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia
323:Grand Duke Kirill followed a career in the
306:Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia
258:Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia
3032:
3018:
3010:
2614:
2600:
2592:
2478:Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich of Russia
2473:
2431:My Life in Russia's Service - Then and Now
2078:My life in Russia's service - then and now
1313:Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
1173:
1164:
853:My Life in Russia's Service – Then and Now
771:In June 1917 Kirill and Victoria moved to
760:(Marine Guard) to swear allegiance to the
646:Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia
604:, but the ship was blown up by a Japanese
40:
31:
18:Kirill Vladimirovich, Grand Duke of Russia
2199:(1900), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 17
2043:University of Michigan Press (2005) p.69.
1397:Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich of Russia
714:on 13 August 1948. They had one daughter.
710:(30 August 1917 – 21 April 1992) married
708:Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich of Russia
286:Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich of Russia
233:Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich of Russia
2414:Perry, John and Pleshakov, Constantine.
1931:(1st ed.). Doubleday. p. 282.
1880:"Grand Duke Cyril Dies In Paris Exile".
1875:
1873:
1871:
1555:Heinrich LXIII, Prince Reuss of Köstritz
982:, Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach –
896:
768:after Nicholas II was made to abdicate.
700:(9 May 1909 – 8 September 1967) married
692:Grand Duchess Maria Kirillovna of Russia
524:. He concluded his training on the ship
3165:Branches of the Russian Imperial Family
2344:(in Japanese). 明治聖徳記念学会紀要. p. 149.
1976:"Duke Cyril Prompt To Side With Duma".
1679:
698:Grand Duchess Kira Kirillovna of Russia
670:In 1908, after the death of Grand Duke
352:in 1909. In 1910 they moved to Russia.
223:Maria Kirillovna, Princess of Leiningen
2797:Grand Duke Konstantine Konstantinovich
2132:
2130:
2128:
1952:"Death Wins Pardon For A Grand Duke".
1534:
1414:
1410:
1400:
1292:
1182:
1178:
1033:, Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine –
331:, barely surviving the sinking of the
199:
3201:People from Pushkin, Saint Petersburg
2807:Grand Duke Vyacheslav Konstantinovich
1687:
1685:
1683:
1610:
1600:
1596:
1584:
1578:
1568:
1552:
1542:
1538:
1522:
1519:Duchess Marie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
1516:
1506:
1490:
1480:
1476:
1464:
1458:
1448:
1432:
1422:
1418:
1394:
1384:
1368:
1358:
1354:
1342:
1336:
1326:
1310:
1300:
1296:
1280:
1274:
1264:
1248:
1238:
1234:
1222:
1216:
1206:
1190:
1186:
815:who styled themselves "legitimists" (
638:Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
268:Duchess Marie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
7:
2254:Großherzoglich Hessische Ordensliste
1339:Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine
997:Royal Hungarian Order of St. Stephen
228:Kira Kirillovna, Princess of Prussia
203:
3226:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
2792:Grand Duke Nicholas Konstantinovich
2402:Riddere af Elefantordenen 1559–2009
2154:Riddere af Elefantordenen 1559–2009
2096:(in German). Verkehrsverein Coburg.
3256:White Russian emigrants to Germany
3246:White Russian emigrants to Finland
2868:Grand Duke Alexander Alexandrovich
2736:Grand Duke Constantine Nikolaevich
2631:The generations are numbered from
2094:Führer durch Coburg Stadt und Land
1581:Princess Augusta Reuss of Köstritz
1099:Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum
702:Louis Ferdinand, Prince of Prussia
25:
3251:White Russian emigrants to France
3211:House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
2837:Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich
2802:Grand Duke Dmitri Konstantinovich
2772:Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich
2483:House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
554:Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse
439:Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich
3241:Pretenders to the Russian throne
3097:
2878:Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich
2822:Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich
2762:Tsarevich Nicholas Alexandrovich
2705:Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich
2546:31 August 1924 – 12 October 1938
2301:. Braunschweig 1912. Meyer. p. 9
1122:
1108:
1091:
1074:
1057:
1040:
1023:
1006:
989:
972:
954:
937:
923:
858:Kirill was succeeded by his son
318:Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent
61:31 August 1924 – 12 October 1938
3206:People from Tsarskoselsky Uyezd
2927:Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich
2904:Grand Duke John Konstantinovich
2893:Grand Duke Andrew Vladimirovich
2883:Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich
2873:Grand Duke George Alexandrovich
2827:Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich
2812:Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich
2782:Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich
2777:Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich
2741:Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich
2316:(in Swedish), 1921, p. 784
1493:Princess Alexandrine of Prussia
880:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
752:of 1917, Kirill marched to the
536:, died on 1 November [
445:. His mother was Grand Duchess
433:30 September] 1876 in
363:of 1917, Kirill marched to the
195:
35:Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich
2963:Grand Duke George Mikhailovich
2921:Tsesarevich Alexei Nikolaevich
2888:Grand Duke Boris Vladimirovich
2847:Grand Duke Alexei Mikhailovich
2842:Grand Duke Sergei Mikhailovich
2832:Grand Duke George Mikhailovich
2746:Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich
2549:Reason for succession failure:
2227:M. Wattel, B. Wattel. (2009).
2081:. London: Selwyn & Blount.
2075:Cyril; Lieven, Leonid (1939).
2023:Crawford, Rosemary and Donald
1956:. 19 November 1908. p. 6.
1886:. 13 October 1938. p. 23.
1144:Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna
844:, was spotted meeting with an
762:Russian Provisional Government
591:, he was assigned to serve as
369:Russian Provisional Government
1:
3108:Nikolayevichi → Mikhaylovichi
2787:Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich
2056:. Imperial House. 30 May 2013
1916:. 17 October 1905. p. 1.
1901:. 15 October 1905. p. 6.
1251:Princess Charlotte of Prussia
855:which was published in 1939.
2945:Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich
2817:Grand Duke Peter Nikolaevich
2715:Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich
2388:Grand Duchess Marie Pavlovna
2209:"A Szent István Rend tagjai"
1897:"Czar Furious With Cousin".
1736:Grand Duchess Marie Pavlovna
1734:Korneva & Cheboksarova,
1710:Grand Duchess Marie Pavlovna
1708:Korneva & Cheboksarova,
1371:Princess Wilhelmine of Baden
1048:Order of the Tower and Sword
999:, Austro-Hungarian Empire –
405:He wrote a book of memoirs,
298:Kirill Vladimirovich Romanov
50:Head of the House of Romanov
2898:Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich
2465:20th Century Press Archives
2092:Klüglein, Norbert (1995) .
1980:. 17 March 1917. p. 2.
640:, the second eldest son of
441:, the third son of Emperor
407:My Life in Russia's Service
294:Кирилл Владимирович Романов
97:30 September] 1876
3287:
3170:Romanov Family Association
2647:Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich
2416:The Flight of the Romanovs
1927:Mironenko, Sergei (1997).
1528:
1412:
1286:
1180:
1063:Knight Grand Cross of the
1046:Knight Grand Cross of the
1029:Knight Grand Cross of the
1012:Knight Grand Cross of the
995:Knight Grand Cross of the
978:Knight Grand Cross of the
968:– during a visit to Greece
960:Knight Grand Cross of the
797:Emperor of all the Russias
567:After graduating from the
3231:House of Romanov in exile
3160:
3095:
2972:
2629:
2577:
2568:
2558:
2531:
2518:
2511:
2476:
2390:. Eurohistory.com, 2014.
2028:Weidenfeld & Nicolson
1611:15. Countess Eleonore of
1598:
1590:
1562:
1540:
1536:
1500:
1478:
1470:
1442:
1420:
1416:
1378:
1356:
1348:
1320:
1298:
1294:
1258:
1236:
1228:
1200:
1184:
980:Order of the White Falcon
293:
39:
3047:throne and heads of the
2554:Empire abolished in 1917
2436:Sullivan, Michael John.
2324:– via runeberg.org
2214:22 December 2010 at the
2194:6 September 2020 at the
1116:Order of the Black Eagle
1050:, Kingdom of Portugal –
878:, Coburg. Following the
644:. Victoria's mother was
587:. With the start of the
308:, a grandson of Emperor
248:Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
1991:Massie, Robert (1969).
1912:"Grand Duke Degraded".
1141:In the 1986 miniseries
1067:, Duchy of Brunswick –
1065:Order of Henry the Lion
947:, Kingdom of Denmark –
888:Peter and Paul Fortress
868:Friedhof am Glockenberg
665:honours and decorations
300:; 12 October [
163:Peter and Paul Fortress
142:Friedhof am Glockenberg
2107:Coogan, Kevin (1999).
1995:Nicholas and Alexandra
1219:Alexander II of Russia
1130:Order of the Rue Crown
1084:, Kingdom of Sweden –
964:, Kingdom of Greece –
902:
745:
629:
573:Nikolaev Naval Academy
556:, the only brother of
443:Alexander II of Russia
426:
312:and a first cousin of
3216:Grand dukes of Russia
2623:Grand Dukes of Russia
2562:Vladimir Cyrillovitch
2534:— TITULAR —
2418:, Basic Books, 1999,
2372:Chavchavadze, David.
2362:, Eurohistory, 2012.
2360:The Other Grand Dukes
1082:Order of the Seraphim
962:Order of the Redeemer
945:Order of the Elephant
900:
884:Grand Ducal Mausoleum
799:. By the laws of the
743:
676:Her Imperial Highness
653:Ernst Ludwig of Hesse
627:
620:Marriage and children
585:Imperial Russian Navy
581:Russian Pacific Fleet
424:
325:Imperial Russian Navy
159:Grand Ducal Mausoleum
93:12 October [
53:(disputed until 1929)
2571:Notes and references
2488:Cadet branch of the
2429:Kirill, Grand Duke.
1613:Stolberg-Wernigerode
1193:Nicholas I of Russia
1118:, Kingdom of Prussia
1101:, Empire of Japan –
1097:Grand Cordon of the
1016:, French Republic –
860:Vladimir Kirillovich
775:and then escaped to
725:Nicholas Nikolaevich
672:Alexei Alexandrovich
657:Alexandra Fyodorovna
202:; died
3261:Russian monarchists
2313:Svensk rikskalender
1800:Illustrirte Zeitung
1132:, Kingdom of Saxony
931:Order of St. Andrew
842:Alexander Kazem-Bek
781:Saint-Briac-sur-Mer
756:at the head of the
750:February Revolution
730:Grand Duchess Xenia
361:February Revolution
2523:Title last held by
2513:Titles in pretence
2491:House of Oldenburg
2400:Pedersen, Jørgen.
2376:, Atlantic, 1989,
2297:Zimmermann, Paul:
2252:"Ludewigs-orden",
2173:"Court circular".
1954:The New York Times
1929:A Lifelong Passion
1914:The New York Times
1883:The New York Times
903:
746:
630:
589:Russo-Japanese War
427:
411:Maria Vladimirovna
329:Russo-Japanese War
3178:
3177:
3007:
3006:
2633:Peter I of Russia
2590:
2589:
2586:
2582:Almanach de Gotha
2573:
2559:Succeeded by
2541:Emperor of Russia
2536:
2396:978-0-9854603-6-5
2368:978-0-9854603-9-6
2275:(in Portuguese).
2238:978-2-35077-135-9
2152:Jørgen Pedersen:
2138:Almanach de Gotha
1693:Almanach de Gotha
1658:
1657:
1654:
1653:
569:Naval Cadet Corps
558:Tsarina Alexandra
402:continues today.
283:
282:
124:Neuilly-sur-Seine
16:(Redirected from
3278:
3101:
3049:House of Romanov
3045:Russian imperial
3034:
3027:
3020:
3011:
3000:
2993:
2986:
2616:
2609:
2602:
2593:
2585:
2578:
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2556:
2550:
2532:
2507:
2500:
2474:
2358:Beéche, Arturo.
2346:
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2136:Justus Perthes,
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2082:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
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2050:
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2037:
2031:
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2015:
2014:
1998:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1973:
1967:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1909:
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1902:
1894:
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1814:
1808:
1806:Internet Archive
1795:
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1113:
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1095:
1079:
1078:
1062:
1061:
1052:31 December 1903
1045:
1044:
1028:
1027:
1014:Legion of Honour
1011:
1010:
994:
993:
977:
976:
959:
958:
942:
941:
933:, Russian Empire
928:
927:
911:Erich Ludendorff
876:
661:Maria Feodorovna
399:House of Romanov
295:
278:Russian Orthodox
207:
205:
201:
197:
167:Saint Petersburg
150:
120:
104:Saint Petersburg
44:
32:
21:
3286:
3285:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3181:
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3143:
3102:
3093:
3055:
3038:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2991:
2976:
2968:
2955:10th generation
2950:
2932:
2909:
2851:
2750:
2719:
2688:
2672:
2651:
2635:
2625:
2620:
2580:
2564:
2552:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2537:
2524:
2506:12 October 1938
2501:
2499:12 October 1876
2495:
2494:
2486:
2479:
2457:
2374:The Grand Dukes
2355:
2350:
2349:
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2334:
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2310:
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2216:Wayback Machine
2207:
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2196:Wayback Machine
2186:
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2018:
2011:
1990:
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1975:
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1970:
1965:
1961:
1951:
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1946:
1939:
1926:
1925:
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1911:
1910:
1906:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1879:
1878:
1869:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1849:A Fatal Passion
1846:
1842:
1836:A Fatal Passion
1833:
1824:
1818:A Fatal Passion
1815:
1811:
1796:
1792:
1786:A Fatal Passion
1783:
1774:
1768:A Fatal Passion
1765:
1758:
1752:A Fatal Passion
1749:
1742:
1733:
1729:
1723:A Fatal Passion
1720:
1716:
1707:
1700:
1691:
1690:
1681:
1676:
1664:
1659:
1162:
1139:
1121:
1107:
1090:
1073:
1056:
1039:
1035:12 October 1899
1022:
1005:
988:
971:
953:
949:18 October 1928
936:
922:
919:
870:
821:nepredreshentsi
789:
738:
622:
513:Prince Pojarsky
502:
474:Vladimir Palace
419:
237:
209:
193:
189:
186:
173:
172:
144:
122:
118:
117:12 October 1938
98:
52:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3284:
3282:
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3148:Leiningen line
3145:
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3126:
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3061:Vladimirovichi
3057:
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3022:
3014:
3005:
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2969:
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2958:
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2949:
2948:
2940:
2938:
2937:9th generation
2934:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2923:
2917:
2915:
2914:8th generation
2911:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2859:
2857:
2856:7th generation
2853:
2852:
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2849:
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2829:
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2809:
2804:
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2756:
2755:6th generation
2752:
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2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2727:
2725:
2724:5th generation
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2696:
2694:
2693:4th generation
2690:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2680:
2678:
2677:3rd generation
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2659:
2657:
2656:2nd generation
2653:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2643:
2641:
2640:1st generation
2637:
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2630:
2627:
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2621:
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2604:
2596:
2588:
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2516:
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2471:
2456:
2455:External links
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2165:
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2117:
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2067:
2045:
2032:
2016:
2009:
1983:
1978:New York Times
1968:
1959:
1944:
1937:
1919:
1904:
1899:New York Times
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1128:Knight of the
1119:
1114:Knight of the
1105:
1088:
1080:Knight of the
1071:
1054:
1037:
1020:
1018:September 1897
1003:
986:
969:
951:
943:Knight of the
934:
929:Knight of the
918:
915:
892:St. Petersburg
801:Russian Empire
788:
785:
758:Garde Equipage
754:Tauride Palace
737:
734:
716:
715:
705:
695:
642:Queen Victoria
621:
618:
577:Chief of Staff
501:
498:
447:Maria Pavlovna
435:Tsarskoye Selo
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365:Tauride Palace
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2335:刑部芳則 (2017).
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2039:Shain, Yossi
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2030:(1997) p.276.
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531:
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71:
68:
64:
60:
56:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
27:Russian noble
19:
3155:(since 2013)
3137:(since 2021)
3107:
3084:(since 1992)
3069:
3060:
2961:
2943:
2925:
2902:
2882:
2731:Alexander II
2581:
2570:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2525:
2519:
2503:
2496:
2489:
2481:
2441:Random House
2437:
2430:
2415:
2401:
2387:
2373:
2359:
2337:
2330:
2318:, retrieved
2312:
2306:
2298:
2293:
2281:. Retrieved
2276:
2273:Pro Phalaris
2272:
2262:
2253:
2247:
2228:
2222:
2204:
2187:
2183:
2174:
2168:
2153:
2148:
2137:
2108:
2102:
2093:
2087:
2077:
2070:
2060:13 September
2058:. Retrieved
2048:
2040:
2035:
2024:
2019:
1994:
1986:
1977:
1971:
1962:
1953:
1947:
1928:
1922:
1913:
1907:
1898:
1892:
1881:
1856:
1848:
1843:
1835:
1817:
1812:
1799:
1793:
1785:
1767:
1751:
1735:
1730:
1725:, p. 167–168
1722:
1717:
1709:
1692:
1668:White émigré
1396:
1150:Rex Harrison
1142:
1140:
1102:
1086:13 July 1912
1085:
1068:
1051:
1034:
1031:Ludwig Order
1017:
1000:
983:
966:January 1901
965:
948:
904:
866:
864:
857:
852:
850:
831:
826:Zemsky Sobor
824:
820:
816:
809:
796:
793:legally dead
790:
770:
757:
747:
721:Pauline Laws
717:
686:
680:
675:
669:
650:
631:
600:
566:
562:
525:
521:
511:
506:
503:
500:Naval career
455:
428:
406:
404:
392:
373:
354:
336:
322:
310:Alexander II
297:
285:
284:
169:(since 1995)
119:(1938-10-12)
29:
3196:1938 deaths
3191:1876 births
3140:heir: Peter
3131:(2016–2021)
3125:(2014–2016)
3119:(1992–2014)
3078:(1938–1992)
3072:(1924–1938)
2863:Nicholas II
2700:Alexander I
2527:Nicholas II
2338:明治時代の勲章外交儀礼
1103:8 July 1898
871: [
817:legitimisti
787:Life abroad
748:During the
614:shell shock
610:Port Arthur
542:Nicholas II
384:Saint-Briac
357:World War I
342:Port Arthur
314:Nicholas II
155:(1938–1995)
145: [
70:Nicholas II
66:Predecessor
3185:Categories
3041:Pretenders
2710:Nicholas I
2410:8776744345
2353:References
2162:8776744345
2010:033002213X
1999:. p.
1938:0385486731
1847:Sullivan,
1834:Sullivan,
1816:Sullivan,
1784:Sullivan,
1766:Sullivan,
1750:Sullivan,
1721:Sullivan,
907:Nazi Party
834:Mladorossi
736:Revolution
597:battleship
530:Baltic Sea
451:Grand Duke
417:Early life
333:battleship
2668:Peter III
2320:6 January
2175:The Times
1851:, p. 173.
1838:, p. 172.
1820:, p. 171.
1788:, p. 170.
1754:, p. 168.
1137:Portrayal
76:Successor
3153:Nicholas
3117:Nicholas
3076:Vladimir
2663:Peter II
2443:, 1997,
2283:19 March
2212:Archived
2192:Archived
1770:, p. 169
1738:, p. 54.
1712:, p. 53.
1662:See also
1160:Ancestry
805:Nicholas
494:Aerosani
274:Religion
80:Vladimir
3123:Dimitri
3043:to the
2467:of the
2463:in the
2140:(1922)
917:Honours
886:of the
838:fascism
813:émigrés
773:Finland
595:on the
583:in the
579:to the
528:on the
482:English
478:Russian
395:Michael
380:Germany
376:Finland
290:Russian
208:
192:
188:
3135:Alexis
3129:Andrew
3089:George
3087:heir:
3070:Kirill
3051:since
2684:Paul I
2520:Vacant
2502:
2447:
2422:
2408:
2394:
2380:
2366:
2235:
2160:
2115:
2007:
1935:
777:Coburg
766:regent
546:Moscow
526:Vernyl
507:Moriak
490:German
486:French
472:, the
464:, and
462:Andrei
388:France
350:Russia
264:Mother
254:Father
198:
178:Spouse
153:Coburg
134:Burial
128:France
58:Tenure
3082:Maria
2983:ukase
2504:Died:
2497:Born:
2342:(PDF)
2142:p. 84
1674:Notes
875:]
522:Vovin
518:Spain
466:Elena
458:Boris
243:House
215:Issue
206:)
194:(
190:
149:]
3110:line
3063:line
3053:1917
2445:ISBN
2420:ISBN
2406:ISBN
2392:ISBN
2378:ISBN
2364:ISBN
2322:2018
2285:2020
2279:: 12
2233:ISBN
2158:ISBN
2113:ISBN
2062:2019
2005:ISBN
1933:ISBN
1553:14.
1491:13.
1433:12.
1369:11.
1311:10.
1148:Sir
1069:1907
1001:1897
984:1896
846:OGPU
681:Oleg
606:mine
571:and
538:O.S.
488:and
431:O.S.
302:O.S.
204:1936
200:1905
114:Died
95:O.S.
90:Born
2981:'s
2579:1.
2469:ZBW
2001:433
1579:7.
1517:3.
1459:6.
1395:1.
1337:5.
1275:2.
1249:9.
1217:4.
1191:8.
890:in
608:at
355:In
340:at
320:.
3187::
2277:16
2127:^
2003:.
1870:^
1825:^
1775:^
1759:^
1743:^
1701:^
1682:^
873:de
783:.
616:.
560:.
496:.
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480:,
460:,
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386:,
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296:;
292::
196:m.
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147:de
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3019:v
2615:e
2608:t
2601:v
2426:.
2287:.
2241:.
2121:.
2064:.
2013:.
1941:.
1146:,
288:(
20:)
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