560:, holding that "he law in question makes it even more difficult for the children to understand the integrity and closeness of their own family and its concord with other families in their community and in their daily lives" and that it "also brings financial harm" to them. The court held that proceeding with caution because of "unsupported fears and speculations" about gay marriage is not a permissible basis for treating gay people differently, adding that "the process of allowing same-sex marriage is straightforward and requires no change to state tax, divorce, or inheritance laws."
678:
district court could decide on its own stay. " do not seek a stay pending appeal, but rather a stay pending the district court's decision on their stay motion. But the appellate and local rules contemplate only a motion for stay pending appeal." On
December 23, Judge Shelby denied a request to put the marriages on hold, allowing the state to continue to issue same-sex marriage licenses. On December 24, a two-judge panel of the Tenth Circuit Court again denied the state's request for a stay. The Utah's Attorney General's office ask the Supreme Court for a stay on December 31.
31:
576:, in his dissent, wrote that the majority's decision made it impossible to avoid same-sex marriage, because "preserving the traditional institution of marriage" is just a more pleasant way to describe "moral disapproval". The district court also noted that its decision to recognize gay marriages "expands religious freedom because some ... congregations in Utah desire to perform same-sex wedding" and are now able to do so, while others may continue to define marriage for themselves.
2885:
903:, a former member of the Senate Judiciary Committee, said: "You can't even begin to think of all the things the LGBT community can come up with to demand certain privileges and rights. So I think it's just the beginning of some very trying times for people who feel otherwise. And I think it's the beginning of trying times for folks who are gay."
689:
for the Tenth
Circuit, referred the stay request to the full Supreme Court and on January 6, without noting any dissents by her colleagues, she issued the stay pending final disposition of the appeal by Tenth Circuit. The stay reinstated the ban on same-sex marriage, and Utah returned to its practice
673:
on the lawns of
Washington Square on the night of December 23 to cheer and laugh and listen to band music and to speakers celebrating the state's first same-sex marriages. On December 24, the Governor ordered state agencies to comply with the ruling, and by December 26, all Utah counties were issuing
801:
We hold that the
Fourteenth Amendment protects the fundamental right to marry, establish a family, raise children, and enjoy the full protection of a state's marital laws. A state may not deny the issuance of a marriage license to two persons, or refuse to recognize their marriage, based solely upon
796:
The Tenth
Circuit heard oral argument on April 10. On June 25, Tenth Circuit affirmed in a 2-1 decision the judgment of the district court but stayed its own mandate pending an anticipated appeal to the United States Supreme Court. The Court upheld the December 2013 decision by Judge Robert Shelby's
493:
The court held that requiring the ability to naturally reproduce as a qualification to marry "demeans the dignity ... of the many opposite-sex couples who are unable to reproduce or who choose not to have children. Under the State's reasoning, a post-menopausal woman or infertile man does not have a
677:
Following the ruling, the state filed both a notice of appeal with the Tenth
Circuit and requests in both the District Court and the Tenth Circuit for emergency stays to stop additional marriage licenses from being issued. On December 22, the Tenth Circuit denied granting the stay motion before the
885:
On
October 6, 2014, the Supreme Court denied without comment the petitions for certiorari along with petitions from four other states. It allowed the ruling from the court of appeals to stand, effectively legalizing same-sex marriage in Utah. The Tenth Circuit promptly lifted its stay, immediately
723:
The Tenth
Circuit ordered the appeals process to be heard on an expedited basis and set a briefing schedule to be completed by February 25. Although the Tenth Circuit initially said that requests for delay were "very strongly discouraged," on January 21 it granted a time extension requested by the
704:
on
January 21 in federal court on behalf of several same-sex couples married during the 17 days Shelby's decision was in effect. The plaintiffs were successful in district court but, after a series of appeals by the state, the district court's mandate ordering Utah to recognize these marriages was
411:
The ruling stated that the US Supreme Court "has held that the
Fourteenth Amendment requires that individual rights take precedence over states' rights where these two interests are in conflict," and that while Utah has the right to regulate marriage, "it must nevertheless do so in a way that does
694:
announced that the federal government would recognize the marriages of same-sex couples who married in Utah between December 20, 2013, and January 6, 2014. The Utah State Tax Commission, an independent state agency, decided that married same-sex couples are eligible to file joint state income tax
660:
stated, "The Church has been consistent in its support of traditional marriage while teaching that all people should be treated with respect. This ruling by a district court will work its way through the judicial process. We continue to believe that voters in Utah did the right thing by providing
401:
Utah's prohibition on same-sex marriage conflicts with the United States Constitution's guarantees of equal protection and due process under the law. The State's current laws deny its gay and lesbian citizens their fundamental right to marry and, in so doing, demean the dignity of these same-sex
818:
nder the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses of the United States Constitution, those who wish to marry a person of the same sex are entitled to exercise the same fundamental right as is recognized for persons who wish to marry a person of the opposite sex, and...Amendment 3 and similar
655:
Governor Herbert stated, "I am very disappointed an activist federal judge is attempting to override the will of the people of Utah. I am working with my legal counsel and the acting Attorney General to determine the best course to defend traditional marriage within the borders of Utah."
504:, are not new rights but "simply manifestations of one right—the right to marry—applied to people with different sexual identities." The court added that the Constitution allows different outcomes "when its principles operate on a new set of facts that were previously unknown". It quoted
453:"for want of a substantial federal question." Some courts have relied on this dismissal as precedent when considering challenges to same-sex marriage bans. The district court in Utah ruled that "a summary dismissal is not binding 'when doctrinal developments indicate otherwise
370:
on behalf of three same-sex couples, including one already married in Iowa, seeking to declare Utah's prohibition on the recognition of same-sex marriages unconstitutional under the Due Process and Equal Protection clauses of the United States Constitution. The plaintiffs are
625:, the court held that "the avowed purpose and practical effect" of Utah's Amendment 3 was "to impose a disadvantage, a separate status, and so a stigma," but the court was unsure if that qualified as "discriminations of an unusual character" that would "especially
483:
under the Fourteenth Amendment. The court wrote that "the regulation of constitutionally protected decisions, such as ... whom shall marry, must be predicated on legitimate state concerns other than disagreement with the choice the individual has made", quoting
645:
Anti-miscegenation laws in Virginia and elsewhere were designed to, and did, deprive a targeted minority of the full measure of human dignity and liberty by denying them the freedom to marry the partner of their choice. Utah's Amendment 3 achieves the same
490:. While Utah asserted that the plaintiffs were "still at liberty to marry a person of the opposite sex," the court held that for Utah to deny gays and lesbians the right to choose a same-sex spouse renders their fundamental right to marry meaningless.
375:
and Moudi Sbeity; Laurie Wood and Kody Partridge; and Karen Archer and Kate Call. The court heard arguments on December 4. Peggy A. Tomsic argued for the plaintiffs. Phil Lott and Stan Purser, Assistant Attorneys General, represented the state.
563:
Regarding the preservation of tradition, the court held that "either the antiquity of a practice nor the fact of steadfast legislative and judicial adherence to it through the centuries insulates it from constitutional attack," quoting
294:
found the state's ban on same-sex marriage unconstitutional in December 2013. Its order that the state cease enforcing its ban took effect immediately. In January 2014, after stays had been denied by the District Court and the Tenth
579:
In summary, the court held that "the State was unable to articulate a specific connection between its prohibition of same-sex marriage and any of its stated legitimate interests. At most, the State asserted: 'We just simply don't
604:
on the basis of sex discrimination "because Amendment 3 fails under even the most deferential level of review." On the question of discrimination based on sexual orientation, the court was bound by Tenth Circuit precedent in
709:, Utah officials asked the Tenth Circuit to dismiss its appeal in the case, ending its attempt to deny recognition to the December/January same-sex marriages. The District Court issued its order and permanent injunction in
839:
Plaintiffs' attorneys said they would support the state's request for consideration by the Supreme Court and filed a brief in support of the state's petition for certiorari on August 28, framing the question differently:
664:
Because the state's lawyers had not filed a motion for a stay in district court by the time of the ruling, some of Utah's county clerks began issuing marriage licenses immediately to same-sex couples. State Senator
317:
On October 6, 2014, the Supreme Court denied the petition for review without comment and the Tenth Circuit lifted its stay, putting into effect its order ending Utah's enforcement of its same-sex marriage ban.
541:
and several other cases. Utah cited its legitimate government interests to be: responsible procreation, optimal child-rearing, proceeding with caution, and preserving the traditional definition of marriage.
555:
of child-rearing, the court noted that "the State has presented no evidence that opposite-sex couples will base their decisions about having children on the ability of same-sex couples to marry" and quoted
898:
and the invalidation of Utah's Amendment 3 prompted state legislators to propose new laws, including a constitutional amendment, to reaffirm the religious rights of churches and businesses. U.S. Senator
264:
2687:
1741:
2153:
2507:
956:
was a U.S. Supreme Court case striking down a state constitutional amendment adopted by a referendum in Colorado. The amendment prohibited any statutory recognition of sexual orientation.
844:
Whether a state violates the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution by prohibiting same-sex couples from marrying and by refusing to recognize their lawful, out-of-state marriages.
1377:
1070:
545:
The court stated it "defies reason" to say that permitting same-sex couples to marry will "affect the number of opposite-sex couples who ... have children outside of marriage", citing
568:. The court noted that the traditional view of marriage has in the past led to government enforcement of stereotypes about women and moral disapproval of interracial marriage, citing
525:
and found that Utah has not shown that the law is "narrowly tailored" to meet "a rational, much less a compelling, reason why the Plaintiffs should be denied their right to marry."
2598:
2035:
394:
367:
291:
314:
affirmed the decision of the district court, finding that Utah's ban on same-sex marriage was unconstitutional, but stayed their mandate pending petition to the Supreme Court.
311:
47:
1460:
835:
Whether the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits a state from defining or recognizing marriage only as the legal union between a man and a woman.
537:
by excluding a group from benefits, the court stated that it must find a rational connection to the state's legitimate interests in order to uphold the exclusion, citing
356:
494:
fundamental right to marry because she or he does not have the capacity to procreate." The court affirmed a "constitutionally protected right not to procreate", citing
2430:
427:
The court noted that while the state electorate had voted in a popular referendum on the issue, a person's fundamental rights may not be submitted to a vote, citing
1100:
661:
clear direction in the state constitution that marriage should be between a man and a woman and we are hopeful that this view will be validated by a higher court."
657:
1609:
2950:
449:
was a 1971 Minnesota Supreme Court decision that upheld the state's denial of a marriage license to a male couple. The U.S. Supreme Court dismissed the appeal in
1039:
467:(1996) "that the Constitution protects individuals from discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation." The district court also held that the reasoning in
2798:
2695:
1749:
793:
filed a joint brief in support of the state's position. A group of 15 attorneys general supported the plaintiffs, while a group of ten supported the state.
1556:
2161:
990:
754:
2242:
777:
of Kansas filed a brief for the plaintiffs, as did a group of 46 companies including Starbucks, Pfizer, eBay, Facebook, Google and Levi Strauss. The
637:
In the conclusion of the ruling, the Court found Utah's arguments "almost identical" to those Virginia made against interracial marriage in 1967 in
669:
and his partner of 27 years were among the first same-sex couples to marry in the state. Several hundred people, gay and straight, crowded outside
2955:
2518:
851:, a former Justice Department official with extensive experience arguing before the Supreme Court, joined the plaintiffs' legal team in August.
927:
912:
304:
2833:
Denial of emergency motion for temporary stay "pending the district court's decision on their stay motion" from Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals
1385:
1078:
429:
2832:
514:'imes can blind us to certain truths and later generations can see that laws once thought necessary and proper in fact serve only to oppress
831:
hearing by the full Tenth Circuit and on August 5 filed a petition for certiorari with the Supreme Court. It presented a single question:
724:
state of Utah, with the new briefing schedule to be completed by March 4. In a similar Oklahoma case being appealed to the Tenth Circuit,
2547:
629:
careful consideration." The court was wary of applying that test "in the absence of more explicit guidance" from the U.S. Supreme Court.
2267:
782:
2605:
790:
2050:
738:
686:
670:
344:
296:
2872:
2843:
1822:
674:
marriage licenses to same-sex couples. Within a week of the ruling, Utah had issued about 900 marriage licenses to same-sex couples.
2838:
2375:
2349:
1530:
2856:
2630:
2316:
2290:
2771:
2213:
2455:
879:
327:
280:
218:
2906:
2401:
2186:
2075:
1715:
2945:
1482:
1167:
2940:
933:
2128:
1108:
2935:
2718:
1644:
1621:
2482:
741:
joined the plaintiffs' legal team in January 2014. In February, lawyers who had represented the LGBT plaintiffs in the
2803:
1583:
786:
698:
In response to Utah's decision to put its recognition of these marriage by same-sex couples "on hold", the ACLU filed
2895:
2661:
2573:
1047:
1013:
1928:
1796:
334:
as a union exclusively between a man and woman passed by referendum and became part of the Utah State Constitution.
2826:
2102:
2010:
1667:
1692:
730:, the appellant asked that court to hear the appeal on an expedited basis so that it could be heard together with
2960:
2745:
1848:
1434:
917:
700:
584:" The court did not find Utah's argument persuasive and ruled that the prohibition of same-sex marriage failed a
420:
339:
77:
1984:
1874:
366:
On March 25, 2013, attorneys from the Salt Lake City law firm Magleby & Greenwood filed a lawsuit in the
496:
360:
2036:"Tenth Circuit grants time extension as ACLU files lawsuit challenging Utah's non-recognition of marriages"
614:
61:; Moudi Sbeity; Karen Archer; Kate Call; Laurie Wood; Kody Partridge, individually, Plaintiffs - Appellees,
854:
The Tenth Circuit's ruling is binding precedent for all federal courts in the states in its jurisdiction:
547:
287:, Attorney General John Swallow, and Salt Lake County Clerk Sherrie Swensen in their official capacities.
283:
and similar statutes. Three same-sex couples filed suit in March 2013, naming as defendants Utah Governor
171:
87:
601:
585:
30:
1505:
521:
Because Utah's ban on same-sex marriage restricted a fundamental right, the court applied the test of
486:
2848:
1899:
1771:
922:
610:
552:
402:
couples for no rational reason. Accordingly, the court finds that these laws are unconstitutional.
2317:"United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit case Kitchen v. Herbert (Case No. 13-4178)"
726:
480:
414:
352:
300:
248:
234:
145:
Amendment 3 of the Utah Constitution is found to violate 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.
2866:
506:
479:
The ruling affirmed marriage as a well-established fundamental right and liberty protected by
347:
held that restricting U.S. federal interpretation of "marriage" and "spouse" to apply only to
230:
1617:
534:
390:
256:
226:
175:
69:
2431:"BREAKING: 10th Circuit Court Affirms Ruling Striking Down Utah's Ban on Same-Sex Marriage"
2154:"GLAD Convenes Broad Array of Amicus Briefs in Support of Utah and Oklahoma Marriage Cases"
690:
of treating married same-sex couples as if unmarried. On January 10, U.S. Attorney General
2860:
811:
807:
774:
770:
682:
522:
445:
284:
2853:
2814:
2808:
2323:
1954:
303:
granted a stay of the District Court's order pending consideration of the appeal by the
191:
2638:
797:
that found Utah's Amendment 3, banning same-sex marriage, unconstitutional by stating:
573:
463:
2322:. United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit. pp. 64–65. Archived from
2929:
372:
179:
58:
1772:"Order in Pending Case 13A687 Herbert, Gov. of UT, et al. v. Kitchen, Derek, et al"
758:
750:
348:
65:
2844:
Denial of both emergency stay pending appeal and temporary stay from Tenth Circuit
2746:"Mandate issued, Utah clerks ready to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples"
1461:"Breaking: Utah (Yes, Utah) Just Became The 18th State To Allow Same-Sex Marriage"
1129:
Kitchen v. Herbert, No. 2:13-cv-217, 2013 WL 6697874 (D. Utah Dec. 20, 2013) at *1
500:. The court also held that same-sex marriage and interracial marriage, as held in
2268:"AG Coakley Urges Federal Appeals Court to Strike Down Bans on Same-Sex Marriage"
2548:"Both Sides in Gay Marriage Fight in Utah Agree: Supreme Court Should Hear Case"
900:
848:
691:
666:
705:
stayed by the U.S. Supreme Court. After the U.S. Supreme Court refused to hear
863:
824:
778:
270:
73:
2820:
2884:
572:. That case rejected moral disapproval as a legitimate state interest, and
471:
is "highly relevant and is therefore a significant doctrinal development."
1875:"Judge: Utah must honor same-sex marriages performed during 17-day window"
761:
for the plaintiffs. The court received 27 amicus briefs for sides in both
2315:
Paul Joseph Kelly, Jr.; Carlos F. Lucero; Jerome Holmes (June 25, 2014).
2291:"10th Circuit arguments on gay marriage ban focus on family and fairness"
867:
855:
769:. A group of Republican political figures headed by former U.S. Senators
331:
279:
3841263 (Oct. 6, 2014), is the federal case that successfully challenged
222:
806:
Recognizing the right to marry as a fundamental right and employing the
2187:"Religious groups and businesses file briefs in Utah gay marriage case"
1613:
871:
828:
609:
that sexual orientation is not "a protected class, which would warrant
276:
1959:(Case 2:14-cv-00055-DAK) - Document 65 Order and Permanent Injunction"
2103:"Court rejects intervention by 3 Utah couples in gay marriage appeal"
859:
1849:"Utah tax officials allow joint filing for married same-sex couples"
1823:"Obama Administration To Recognize Utah Same-Sex Couples' Marriages"
991:"Utah Among Several States with Marriage Laws under Legal Challenge"
1929:"Utah abandons fight to bar same-sex couples from spousal benefits"
1408:
1168:"Federal Judge Rules Nevada Can Ban Same-Sex Couples From Marriage"
2772:"Utah likely to debate new amendment after gay-marriage ban falls"
2574:"Utah plaintiffs ask U.S. Supreme Court to hear gay marriage case"
2129:"Olson and Boies, Legal Duo, Seek Role in 2 Cases on Gay Marriage"
1483:"Utah county begins issuing marriage licenses to same-sex couples"
1953:
United States District Judge Dale A. Kimble (November 24, 2014).
1531:"Governor tells state agencies to comply with Amendment 3 ruling"
1014:"Three couples file challenge to Utah's ban on same-sex marriage"
965:
a similar 2010 federal district court ruling in California, now
875:
412:
not infringe the constitutional rights of its citizens," citing
1797:"Utah won't recognize same-sex marriages performed before stay"
1506:"Crowds cheer victory for gay marriage at Salt Lake City rally"
2878:
2839:
Denial of both stay and temporary stay from the district court
2719:"High court denies Utah's, other states' gay marriage appeals"
2376:"Utah Same-Sex Marriage Ban Rejected by Federal Appeals Court"
2011:"New Utah AG: Cost to defend same-sex marriage ban worthwhile"
1955:"United States District Court for Utah, Central Division case
886:
restraining Utah from enforcing its ban on same-sex marriage.
819:
statutory enactments do not withstand constitutional scrutiny.
2631:"Nearly simultaneous decisions strike down gay marriage bans"
2483:"Utah files same-sex marriage appeal with U.S. Supreme Court"
1742:"Breaking: High court puts same-sex marriage on hold in Utah"
2350:"Utah Gay Marriage Ban Struck Down by Federal Appeals Court"
2395:
2393:
2243:"Religious groups join the Utah fight against gay marriage"
2662:"Answering your questions on the same-sex marriage ruling"
1668:"Federal judge rules that Utah gay marriages may continue"
1435:"In Utah, judge's ruling ignites same-sex marriage frenzy"
1378:"Governor Hebert releases statement on Amendment 3 ruling"
281:
Utah's constitutional ban on marriage for same-sex couples
2424:
2422:
2214:"Republicans From the West Give Support for Gay Marriage"
1557:"Utah holdout counties now issuing gay marriage licenses"
1309:
1307:
1305:
1232:
1230:
1220:
1218:
1071:"Utah Ban on Same-Sex Marriage Struck Down by U.S. Judge"
2051:"Court Clerk Requests Expedition of Gay Marriage Appeal"
1190:
1188:
1040:"Judge weighs arguments on Utah's same-sex-marriage ban"
600:
the court argued for but did not feel the need to apply
2902:
1101:"Utah Gay Marriage Ban Struck Down As Unconstitutional"
1645:"Appeals court denies stay on Utah same-sex marriages"
461:(1975). It noted that the Supreme Court recognized in
86:
Sherrie Swensen, in her official capacity as Clerk of
2909:
to it so that it can be listed with similar articles.
2637:. The Associated Press. June 25, 2014. Archived from
368:
United States District Court for the District of Utah
1409:"Federal judge overturns Utah same-sex marriage ban"
1407:
Emiley Morgan; Marjorie Cortez (December 20, 2013).
312:
United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit
48:
United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit
2688:"High court puts same-sex marriage on hold in Utah"
2402:"Tenth Circuit rules against Utah gay marriage ban"
1610:"Utah AG Requests Judge to Stop Same-Sex Marriages"
1584:"Same-sex couples shatter marriage records in Utah"
695:returns just as when filing their federal returns.
212:
204:
196:
185:
166:
161:
149:
129:
124:
113:
105:
97:
53:
43:
23:
2456:"Utah to Appeal Gay Marriage Ruling to High Court"
1985:"10th Circuit Court denies same-sex marriage stay"
1716:"Procreation argument dropped in stay application"
1693:"10th Circuit Court denies same-sex marriage stay"
1795:Brooke Adams; Matthew Piper (January 8, 2014).
842:
833:
816:
799:
658:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
643:
399:
2160:(Press release). March 6, 2014. Archived from
139:Judgment for the plaintiff in district court,
2867:Supreme Court order denying certiorari, p. 39
802:the sex of the persons in the marriage union.
8:
2541:
2539:
397:ruled in favor of the plaintiffs. He wrote:
292:U.S. District Court for the District of Utah
153:Petition for certiorari denied, No. 14-124,
827:' office said that it would not request an
755:Gay & Lesbian Advocates & Defenders
406:
2236:
2234:
2076:"NCLR Joining Utah Marriage Equality Case"
749:cases unsuccessfully sought to intervene.
20:
2508:"Herbert v Kitchen Petition and Appendix"
2181:
2179:
1900:"Order in Pending Case: Herbert v. Evans"
619:Louisville Gas & Elec. Co. v. Coleman
2821:Plaintiff's motion for summary judgement
981:
946:
2599:"On Petition for a Writ of Certiorari"
2038:. Equality on Trial. January 21, 2014.
1695:. Salt Lake Tribune. December 24, 2013
1666:Weise, Elizabeth (December 24, 2013).
928:Same-sex marriage in the United States
913:Same-sex marriage in the Tenth Circuit
351:unions was unconstitutional under the
2951:United States same-sex union case law
430:W. Va. State Bd. of Educ. v. Barnette
7:
2462:. The Associated Press. July 9, 2014
2241:McCombs, Brady (February 10, 2014).
1643:Johnson, Chris (December 22, 2013).
1608:McCombs, Brady (December 20, 2013).
1485:. Chicago Tribune. December 20, 2013
1166:Geidner, Chris (November 29, 2012).
407:States' rights vs. individual rights
2127:Peters, Jeremy (February 3, 2014).
2009:Adams, Brooke (December 30, 2013).
1983:Lang, Marissa (December 24, 2013).
1821:Geidner, Chris (January 10, 2014).
1582:Lang, Marissa (December 26, 2013).
1504:Alberty, Erin (December 24, 2013).
1384:. December 20, 2013. Archived from
1107:. December 20, 2013. Archived from
783:U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops
553:optimal, biological, and ideal goal
2894:needs additional or more specific
2101:Adams, Brooke (February 3, 2014).
2080:National Center for Lesbian Rights
2049:Sanchez, Juan (January 21, 2014).
1907:Supreme Court of the United States
1433:Watkins, Tom (December 20, 2013).
1038:Adams, Brooke (December 4, 2013).
894:The Supreme Court's resolution of
823:On July 9, State Attorney General
739:National Center for Lesbian Rights
671:Salt Lake City and County Building
14:
2849:U.S. Supreme Court order re: stay
2770:Davidson, Lee (October 7, 2014).
2744:Lang, Marissa (October 6, 2014).
2717:Sherman, Mark (October 6, 2014).
2572:Lang, Marissa (August 28, 2014).
2348:Gershman, Jacob (June 25, 2014).
2289:Mitchell, Kirk (April 10, 2014).
1927:Lang, Marissa (October 7, 2014).
1714:Adams, Brooke (January 1, 2014).
989:Romboy, Dennis (March 26, 2013).
359:, striking down Section 3 of the
2883:
2481:Lang, Marissa (August 5, 2014).
2429:Eric Ethington (June 25, 2014).
2082:(Press release). January 9, 2014
1847:Harrie, Dan (January 16, 2014).
1012:Adams, Brooke (March 26, 2013).
814:, the court majority concluded:
29:
2686:Mears, Bill (January 6, 2014).
2546:Liptak, Adam (August 7, 2014).
2400:Tomasic, John (June 25, 2014).
2212:Eckholm, Erik (March 3, 2014).
1740:Mears, Bill (January 6, 2014).
1463:. The New Civil Rights Movement
328:Utah Constitutional Amendment 3
219:Utah Constitutional Amendment 3
2956:2014 in United States case law
2660:Canham, Matt (June 25, 2014).
2374:Ashby, Jones (June 15, 2014).
2270:(Press release). March 4, 2014
1873:Lang, Marissa (May 20, 2014).
1299:2013 WL 6697874 at *29 and *27
791:Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod
719:Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals
305:Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals
76:, in his official capacity as
68:, in his official capacity as
1:
2247:The Christian Science Monitor
1156:2013 WL 6697874 at *1 and *9
395:U.S. District Court for Utah
389:On December 20, 2013, Judge
787:Southern Baptist Convention
345:United States Supreme Court
2977:
2859:December 21, 2014, at the
882:banned same-sex marriage.
607:Price-Cornelison v. Brooks
133:Stay of judgment ordered,
2378:. The Wall Street Journal
1358:2013 WL 6697874 at *22-23
1281:2013 WL 6697874 at *25-26
1263:2013 WL 6697874 at *25-27
1212:2013 WL 6697874 at *13-14
918:Same-sex marriage in Utah
592:Higher levels of scrutiny
217:
190:
35:Court of Appeals Docket:
28:
2406:The Colorado Independent
623:United States v. Windsor
558:United States v. Windsor
469:United States v. Windsor
421:United States v. Windsor
340:United States v. Windsor
200:Lucero, joined by Holmes
82:Defendants - Appellants,
78:Attorney General of Utah
2354:The Wall Street Journal
969:in the US Supreme Court
613:". Regarding a test of
497:Griswold v. Connecticut
361:Defense of Marriage Act
259:1193 (10th Cir. 2014);
2604:. GLAD. Archived from
2435:Utah Political Capitol
1367:2013 WL 6697874 at *29
1349:2013 WL 6697874 at *21
1340:2013 WL 6697874 at *20
1331:2013 WL 6697874 at *28
1322:2013 WL 6697874 at *17
1313:2013 WL 6697874 at *27
1290:2013 WL 6697874 at *26
1272:2013 WL 6697874 at *25
1254:2013 WL 6697874 at *24
1245:2013 WL 6697874 at *18
1236:2013 WL 6697874 at *16
1224:2013 WL 6697874 at *15
1203:2013 WL 6697874 at *11
967:Hollingsworth v. Perry
846:
837:
821:
804:
713:on November 24, 2014.
685:, the Supreme Court's
648:
548:Hollingsworth v. Perry
533:When a state violates
404:
172:Paul Joseph Kelly, Jr.
2946:Legal history of Utah
2827:District Court ruling
2815:Transcript of Hearing
2776:The Salt Lake Tribune
2750:The Salt Lake Tribune
2723:The Salt Lake Tribune
2666:The Salt Lake Tribune
2515:Utah Attorney General
2107:The Salt Lake Tribune
2015:The Salt Lake Tribune
1989:The Salt Lake Tribune
1879:The Salt Lake Tribune
1853:The Salt Lake Tribune
1801:The Salt Lake Tribune
1720:The Salt Lake Tribune
1510:The Salt Lake Tribune
1194:2013 WL 6697874 at *8
1147:2013 WL 6697874 at *9
1138:2013 WL 6697874 at *7
615:careful consideration
602:intermediate scrutiny
586:rational basis review
337:On June 26, 2013, in
326:On November 2, 2004,
251:1181 (D. Utah 2013),
2941:2013 in LGBT history
2854:Tenth Circuit ruling
2524:on September 9, 2014
2329:on December 21, 2014
1624:on December 21, 2013
1535:Fox13 Salt Lake City
1111:on December 24, 2013
1081:on December 24, 2013
566:Williams v. Illinois
487:Hodgson v. Minnesota
141:961 F. Supp. 2d 1181
2936:LGBT rights in Utah
2873:Tenth Circuit order
1563:. December 26, 2013
1537:. December 24, 2013
1388:on February 2, 2014
923:LGBT rights in Utah
878:, of which all but
611:heightened scrutiny
598:Loving v. Virginia,
551:. Regarding Utah's
275:, No. 14-124, 2014
16:American legal case
2725:. Associated Press
2698:on January 6, 2014
1752:on January 6, 2014
1647:. Washington Blade
1612:. Greenville, MS:
1069:Rosenblatt, Joel.
934:Bishop v. Oklahoma
727:Bishop v. Oklahoma
639:Loving v. Virginia
621:and emphasized in
539:Loving v. Virginia
502:Loving v. Virginia
415:Loving v. Virginia
353:Due Process Clause
310:In June 2014, the
301:U.S. Supreme Court
244:Kitchen v. Herbert
235:Sexual Orientation
150:Subsequent actions
24:Kitchen v. Herbert
2924:
2923:
2907:adding categories
2799:Initial Complaint
2578:Salt Lake Tribune
2487:Salt Lake Tribune
1933:Salt Lake Tribune
1588:Salt Lake Tribune
1172:BuzzFeed Politics
1044:Salt Lake Tribune
1018:Salt Lake Tribune
570:Lawrence v. Texas
507:Lawrence v. Texas
240:
239:
231:Same-sex marriage
143:(D. Utah 2013).
2968:
2961:Marriage in Utah
2919:
2916:
2910:
2887:
2879:
2809:State's response
2787:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2694:. Archived from
2683:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2641:on July 14, 2014
2627:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2611:on March 4, 2016
2610:
2603:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2543:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2523:
2517:. Archived from
2512:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2426:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2397:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2328:
2321:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2238:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2183:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2164:on March 7, 2014
2150:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1957:Evans v. Herbert
1950:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1904:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1776:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1748:. Archived from
1737:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1620:. Archived from
1618:Associated Press
1605:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1501:
1495:
1494:
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1479:
1473:
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1470:
1468:
1456:
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1421:
1419:
1404:
1398:
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1395:
1393:
1374:
1368:
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1356:
1350:
1347:
1341:
1338:
1332:
1329:
1323:
1320:
1314:
1311:
1300:
1297:
1291:
1288:
1282:
1279:
1273:
1270:
1264:
1261:
1255:
1252:
1246:
1243:
1237:
1234:
1225:
1222:
1213:
1210:
1204:
1201:
1195:
1192:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1163:
1157:
1154:
1148:
1145:
1139:
1136:
1130:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1077:. Archived from
1066:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1050:on March 7, 2014
1046:. Archived from
1035:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1009:
1003:
1002:
1000:
998:
986:
970:
963:
957:
951:
757:coordinated the
711:Evans v. Herbert
701:Evans v. Herbert
583:
535:equal protection
529:Equal protection
517:
513:
459:Hicks v. Miranda
456:
391:Robert J. Shelby
330:, which defined
227:Equal Protection
176:Carlos F. Lucero
162:Court membership
120:(10th Cir. 2014)
88:Salt Lake County
70:Governor of Utah
33:
21:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2914:
2911:
2900:
2888:
2861:Wayback Machine
2795:
2790:
2780:
2778:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2754:
2752:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2728:
2726:
2716:
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2711:
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2608:
2601:
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2521:
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2501:
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2439:
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2428:
2427:
2420:
2410:
2408:
2399:
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2368:
2358:
2356:
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2326:
2319:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2299:
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2251:
2249:
2240:
2239:
2232:
2222:
2220:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2196:
2194:
2193:. March 5, 2014
2185:
2184:
2177:
2167:
2165:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2137:
2135:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2111:
2109:
2100:
2099:
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2085:
2083:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2059:
2057:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2019:
2017:
2008:
2007:
2003:
1993:
1991:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1967:
1965:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1937:
1935:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1911:
1909:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1883:
1881:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1857:
1855:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1831:
1829:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1805:
1803:
1794:
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1789:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1755:
1753:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1724:
1722:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1698:
1696:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1676:
1674:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1650:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1627:
1625:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1592:
1590:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1566:
1564:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1540:
1538:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1514:
1512:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1488:
1486:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1466:
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1458:
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1453:
1443:
1441:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1417:
1415:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1391:
1389:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1303:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1258:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1228:
1223:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1186:
1176:
1174:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1114:
1112:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1084:
1082:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1053:
1051:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1022:
1020:
1011:
1010:
1006:
996:
994:
988:
987:
983:
979:
974:
973:
964:
960:
952:
948:
943:
909:
892:
812:judicial review
808:strict scrutiny
775:Nancy Kassebaum
773:of Wyoming and
721:
687:Circuit Justice
683:Sonia Sotomayor
653:
635:
594:
581:
531:
523:strict scrutiny
515:
511:
477:
454:
446:Baker v. Nelson
442:
438:Baker v. Nelson
409:
387:
382:
357:Fifth Amendment
324:
285:Gary R. Herbert
157:(Oct. 6, 2014).
91:
85:
83:
81:
66:Gary R. Herbert
64:
62:
39:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2974:
2972:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2928:
2927:
2922:
2921:
2891:
2889:
2882:
2877:
2876:
2870:
2864:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2830:
2824:
2818:
2812:
2806:
2801:
2794:
2793:External links
2791:
2789:
2788:
2762:
2736:
2709:
2678:
2652:
2622:
2590:
2564:
2552:New York Times
2535:
2499:
2473:
2447:
2418:
2389:
2366:
2340:
2307:
2281:
2259:
2230:
2218:New York Times
2204:
2175:
2145:
2133:New York Times
2119:
2093:
2067:
2041:
2027:
2001:
1975:
1945:
1919:
1891:
1865:
1839:
1813:
1787:
1763:
1732:
1706:
1684:
1658:
1635:
1600:
1574:
1548:
1522:
1496:
1474:
1459:David Badash.
1451:
1425:
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1315:
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1196:
1184:
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1122:
1092:
1061:
1030:
1004:
993:. Deseret News
980:
978:
975:
972:
971:
958:
954:Romer v. Evans
945:
944:
942:
939:
938:
937:
930:
925:
920:
915:
908:
905:
891:
888:
720:
717:
652:
649:
634:
631:
593:
590:
574:Justice Scalia
530:
527:
476:
473:
464:Romer v. Evans
441:
435:
408:
405:
386:
383:
381:
380:District court
378:
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205:Concur/dissent
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167:Judges sitting
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155:135 S. Ct. 265
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101:April 10, 2014
99:
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55:
54:Full case name
51:
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41:
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34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
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2898:
2897:
2892:This article
2890:
2886:
2881:
2880:
2875:, Oct 6, 2014
2874:
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2868:
2865:
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2858:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:, December 22
2834:
2831:
2829:, December 20
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2318:
2311:
2308:
2296:
2292:
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2176:
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2097:
2094:
2081:
2077:
2071:
2068:
2056:
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2045:
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2037:
2031:
2028:
2016:
2012:
2005:
2002:
1990:
1986:
1979:
1976:
1964:
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1096:
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1080:
1076:
1075:Business Week
1072:
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