70:, had been the leader of Islamists in Sudan for the last half century. Al-Turabi's philosophy drew selectively from Sudanese, Islamic, and Western political thought to fashion an ideology for the pursuit of power. Al-Turabi supported sharia and the concept of an Islamic state, but his vision was not Wahhabi or Salafi. He appreciated that the majority of Sudanese followed Sufi Islam, which he set out to change with new ideas. He did not extend legitimacy to Sufis, Mahdists, and clerics, whom he saw as incapable of addressing the challenges of modern life. One of the strengths of his vision was to consider different trends in Islam. Although the political base for his ideas was probably relatively small, he had an important influence on Sudanese politics and religion.
465:
economic success to the zakat and taxation act, outlining its benefits for the poor and non-Muslims. His association with the Abu Qurun Sufi order and his self-proclaimed position as imam led to his belief that he alone could interpret laws in line with the sharia. However, his economic policies, including
Islamic banking, led to severe economic issues. Nimeiri's collaboration with the Muslim Brotherhood and the Ansar aimed to end sectarian divisions and implement the sharia. The Ansar, despite initial collaboration, criticised Nimeiri's implementation as un-Islamic and corrupt.
498:, which had granted regional autonomy and recognised the diverse nature of Sudanese society. The agreement ensured equality regardless of race or religion and allowed for separate personal laws for non-Muslims. However, hostilities escalated due to oil discovery, dissolution of the Southern Regional Assembly, and decentralisation efforts. Despite this, the Islamic laws implemented by Nimeiri exacerbated the situation. The political landscape shifted with Nimeiri's removal in 1985, leading to the emergence of numerous political parties. The
291:
550:
105:
469:
217:, aiming to counter communist influence among students. Despite ideological similarities with the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood, the movement distanced itself from it. The Eid Conference of August 1954 resolved leadership conflicts, leading to the adoption of the name "The Muslim Brotherhood" for the movement in Sudan. This decision caused divisions, resulting in the formation of the Islamic Group in 1954 and the
614:
390:
376:
402:
364:
196:
988:
602:, a move that caused concern in Egypt. In February 1989, the army issued a memorandum to the government, calling for the approval of Al-Mirghani's peace agreement and the resolution of the economic crisis. The NIF viewed this memorandum as a direct attack on them due to their staunch opposition to peace talks with the southern region.
568:(NIF), which emerged as a significant opposition force following their success in the Constituent Assembly elections. The NIF, led by al-Turabi, effectively blocked attempts by Sadiq al-Mahdi, the government and parliamentary majority leader, to repeal the controversial September laws and advance peace talks with the southern region.
761:" movement, the "National Coordination Initiative for Change and Construction", and the "Democratic Islamists" movement. Other initiatives include the "Reform and Renaissance Initiative" and the "Future Now Initiative". These groups have various stances towards the Bashir regime and different visions for the future of Sudan.
174:
in 1817, received support. It remained influential during the
British occupation and served as a rival to the Ansar movement. In 1943, the Khatmiyyah leader backed the "brothers" movement and the Unity of the Nile Valley movement, advocating for Sudan's autonomy within a united structure with Egypt,
455:
Nimeiri's attempt at implementing an "Islamic path" in Sudan from 1977 to 1985, including aligning with religious factions, ultimately failed. His transition from nationalist leftist ideologies to strict Islam was detailed in his books "Al-Nahj al-Islami limadha?" and "Al-Nahj al-Islami kayfa?" The
464:
Nimeiri's establishment of the
Islamic state in Sudan was outlined in his speech at a 1984 Islamic conference. He justified the implementation of the sharia due to a rising crime rate. He claimed a reduction of crime by over 40% within a year due to the new punishments. Nimeiri attributed Sudan's
179:(NUP)." despite Khatmiyyah still receiving an annual British endowment, the British, concerned about Khatmiyyah's growing political influence, have sought to counteract this by bolstering the political position of Abd al-Rahman al-Mahdi. The Khatmiyyah split from the NUP in June 1956 to form "The
624:
On 30 June 1989, Omar al-Bashir led a coup, come to be known as "National Rescue
Revolution," the against the democratic government, citing economic failures and inability to establish Central African relations as reasons. This led to the arrest of several political leaders, including Hassan
571:
Under increasing pressure, Al-Sadiq Al-Mahdi formed an alliance with the NIF in May 1988, leading to the creation of the
Government of National Accord. Al-Turabi, as Minister of Justice, was tasked with reforming Sharia laws. Both the nation and the front faced a peace agreement proposed by
460:
Sufi order influenced his shift towards Islam, leading him to appoint followers of the order into significant roles. The process of legislating the "Islamic path" began in 1983, culminating in the enactment of various orders and acts to implement sharia law and other
Islamic principles.
316:
and Al-Turabi into the
Sudanese Socialist Union's political bureau. Al-Turabi became Attorney General in 1979. Al-Turabi saw the rebuilding of the organisation after the coup and exile as a strategic choice. He also took advantage of Nimeiri's suppression of the communists after their
657:
Al-Turabi also worked internationally, trying to establish an "Islamic
International" and reconcile with leftist and nationalist groups. In April 1991, he founded the "Arab and Islamic People's Conference," attended by various countries' representatives. That year,
324:
In 1979, a disagreement between the
Sudanese Brotherhood and the parent organisation led to a split. Al-Turabi refused to pledge allegiance to the international group, and Sheikh Sadiq and his followers sided with him. Al-Turabi named his faction the
644:
715:
from 1998 to 2013, was among them. The regime became highly militarised during this period, and
Islamists were often derisively called "Kizans" (cups in Sudanese Arabic) due to al-Turabi's saying, "Religion is a sea, and we are its cup
537:, and championed a federal social democratic government. Taha strongly opposed the ban on the Sudanese Communist Party and condemned the decision as a distortion of democracy, even though he was not a communist. He was sentenced to
743:(ISIS). In 2012, Sheikh Ali Jawish was elected as the group's general observer in Sudan, and under his leadership, a division emerged within the group. Despite being dismissed in 2017, Jawish retained his title until his death.
275:
in November 1965. After his election as Attorney General in April 1969, some members left the group due to his political approach. However, this split remained inactive due to the coup by Nimeiri and the subsequent Mayo regime.
224:
The Muslim Brotherhood's political engagement increased in December 1955, leading to the establishment of the "Islamic Front for the Constitution." The front advocated for an Islamic constitution after independence.
210:'s presence in Sudan was initiated by Jamal al-Din al-Sanhuri in 1946. By 1948, the organisation had grown to include fifty branches in Sudan. However, the British authorities denied the group permission to operate.
232:. His removal led to a decline in the group's activities. Meanwhile, the Islamic Group and the Islamic Socialist Party faced limited success. Babikr Karar's ideas, which aimed to reconcile Islam, socialism, and
654:(the sister of his rival Al-Sadiq Al-Mahdi), held open jurisprudential positions that drew criticism. Al-Turabi had advocated for constitutional rule, but this didn't align with the regime's social policies.
541:
in 1968 and again in 1984, leading to his execution in January 1985 under the September laws, despite his strong opposition. This event significantly fuelled public and international discontent.
456:
connection between Islamic revival and reconciling with opponents of the 1969 revolution coincided with the rise of militant Islam in other parts of the world. Nimeiri's association with the
734:
583:
Sadiq al-Mahdi, who initially opposed the Islamic laws he later supported, envisioned a fully Arabised and Islamised southern Sudan. His failure to address Sudan's problems resulted in a
666:, welcomed by al-Turabi, who facilitated bin Laden's marriage to a relative. Training camps for armed Islamic groups were established in Sudan, and al-Turabi attempted mediation between
1641:
1498:
626:
2244:
773:
An Islamist resurgence has been observed, potentially complicating interactions with regional powers and the Sudanese army's path towards civilian rule. Furthermore, the
1518:
1538:
337:
3771:
3589:
777:(RSF) have targeted hundreds of Islamist leaders and activists in a sweeping campaign, indicating an ongoing struggle between different factions within the country.
3787:
263:. He then founded the "Islamic Charter Front," which aimed to establish an Islamic constitution and united several Islamic groups. The Front won seven seats in the
3947:
3533:
2646:
863:
2603:
3577:
1631:
440:
In September 1983, President Jaafar Nimeiri introduced sharia law in Sudan, known as September 1983 laws, symbolically disposing of alcohol and implementing
1396:
3860:
521:. This movement embraced the concept of Islam having two messages and abandoned numerous Islamic practices. It advocated for peaceful coexistence with
2489:
510:
Sufi order (DUP) played crucial roles in Sudan's politics. Hasan al-Turabi and the NIF consistently supported the Islamic laws and resisted changes.
3560:
2173:
1907:
1300:
2989:
2505:
632:
The regime solidified its power using authoritarian tools, establishing a political security apparatus called "Internal Security," led by Colonel
757:, smaller Islamic groups have emerged, either splitting from other movements or being founded by young Islamic intellectuals. These include the "
685:
drew widespread attention. UN sanctions on Sudan in 1996 led to Bin Laden's departure and a decline in al-Turabi's influence. The extradition of
2994:
2237:
1636:
1611:
1361:
1553:
739:, faced a crisis in 1991 when an extremist faction won elections. This faction later split into two groups, one of which declared support for
3449:
980:
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573:
171:
2608:
1892:
1528:
1483:
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264:
629:
officers pledged loyalty to al-Turabi. Together, they formed the "Council of Defenders of the Revolution," assuming political leadership.
180:
55:(ICF), an activist movement that served as the political arm of the Muslim Brotherhood. Other Islamist groups in Sudan included the
2402:
599:
143:
was established in 1885. Despite its defeat by British forces in 1899, the movement's influence persisted with its followers known as "
2763:
2679:
2044:
2620:
1488:
1438:
4015:
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2939:
2931:
2427:
2417:
2351:
2230:
1166:
671:
577:
427:
184:
340:, a secular constitution, and the acceptance of non-Islamic culture. A condition for national reconciliation was to reconsider the
3819:
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1533:
1411:
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99:
770:
595:
3921:
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2999:
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309:
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1523:
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1453:
1448:
692:
After ten years of upheaval, al-Bashir removed al-Turabi from the National Council presidency in 1999 and ousted him from the
636:. This body was known for its notorious detention facilities, "ghost houses," where intellectuals were detained and tortured.
584:
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237:
78:
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132:
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During the power struggle between al-Bashir and al-Turabi, the Sudanese Islamic Movement's core body sided with al-Bashir.
2412:
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then took control of it under the name of the Sudanese Muslim Brotherhood. In 1964, he became secretary-general of the
4041:
3599:
3172:
2919:
2914:
2304:
1981:
594:
In response to growing challenges related to southern peace talks and the September Laws, Sadiq al-Mahdi reformed the
534:
36:
1837:
746:
After the overthrow of Turabi, the Brotherhood participated in the Bashir regime's governments and later joined the
4036:
3983:
3952:
3383:
2969:
2625:
2422:
1950:
1852:
1513:
1354:
1000:
728:
The Muslim Brotherhood's international organisation branch, led by Sheikh Sadiq Abdullah Abdul Majid and Professor
640:
229:
44:
3464:
2810:
2523:
1646:
1473:
968:
418:
40:
1658:
290:
3840:
3454:
3014:
2974:
1616:
1443:
476:
272:
271:. Al-Turabi expanded the Front's membership and turned it into a pressure group that led to the banning of the
228:
In 1959, Al-Rashid al-Taher, a leader of the Sudanese Brotherhood, was arrested for alleged involvement in the
60:
56:
326:
3122:
3097:
3009:
3004:
2964:
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2336:
2091:
2039:
2022:
1902:
1796:
1666:
1596:
712:
260:
218:
214:
176:
2904:
639:
In December 1991, the regime introduced a stricter penal code than the September laws and established the "
422:
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3252:
3177:
3034:
2944:
2882:
2700:
2672:
2528:
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1196:
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2432:
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2029:
1943:
1882:
1877:
1857:
1832:
1591:
1347:
682:
549:
518:
136:
52:
1976:
494:
Nimeiri's Islamic phase resulted in renewed conflict in Southern Sudan in 1983, marking the end of the
2086:
3880:
3850:
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3413:
3167:
3152:
3039:
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1581:
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1379:
875:
758:
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484:
252:
233:
120:
119:, Sudan saw the rise of politically driven religious movements. This was highlighted by the
48:
3988:
3931:
3661:
3646:
3570:
3514:
3403:
3375:
3271:
3132:
3117:
2979:
2899:
2730:
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2557:
2141:
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1963:
1703:
1685:
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35:
started in universities and high schools as early as the 1940s under the influence of the
1174:
468:
3875:
3732:
3666:
3543:
3423:
3306:
3202:
3147:
3092:
3029:
2877:
2572:
2567:
2211:
2183:
2168:
2163:
2098:
1968:
1955:
1763:
1733:
1723:
1708:
617:
588:
472:
313:
305:
294:
124:
95:
4030:
3885:
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3349:
3344:
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3197:
3142:
3112:
3024:
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2146:
1773:
1743:
1718:
1503:
1421:
1416:
992:
740:
503:
144:
140:
598:
in February 1988. Al-Turabi's role within the coalition grew, leading him to become
3916:
3356:
3296:
3242:
3222:
3157:
2817:
2805:
2437:
2275:
2257:
1758:
1753:
1728:
1693:
1319:"How the Muslim Brotherhood could use Sudan's protracted crisis to plot a comeback"
613:
689:
to France in 1994 also caused unrest within the National Front towards al-Turabi.
957:
3895:
3890:
3671:
3459:
3433:
3207:
3192:
3182:
3060:
2615:
2598:
1768:
1713:
1301:"Exclusive: Islamists wield hidden hand in Sudan conflict, military sources say"
389:
375:
3722:
3594:
3582:
3418:
3301:
3217:
2800:
2718:
401:
363:
195:
1278:
1243:
1095:
1037:
912:
887:
854:
829:
804:
580:, with the Sudan People's Liberation Army, the main opposition in the south.
3388:
3329:
3311:
3237:
2959:
530:
507:
428:
167:
2222:
3608:
3491:
3487:
3019:
2872:
2708:
2688:
2270:
2253:
663:
336:, a move Al-Turabi supported. Al-Turabi and his allies within the regime
28:
17:
839:"The Role of Islam in Sudanese Politics: a Socio-Historical Perspective"
838:
244:. His later attempts to revive the experiment achieved limited success.
3565:
3509:
3393:
3065:
2949:
2753:
2713:
1251:
1227:
1045:
1021:
896:
813:
788:
2827:
647:. Public freedoms were eroded, and political parties were abolished.
522:
879:
3717:
3548:
2954:
2849:
2833:
1370:
1228:"The Sharia in Sudan: Implementation and Repercussions, 1983-1989"
700:" and pragmatically signed a memorandum of understanding with the
667:
612:
548:
467:
452:. Nimeiri declared himself the imam of the Sudanese Umma in 1984.
449:
332:
Al-Turabi's influence reached its height when Nimeiri implemented
289:
194:
103:
32:
1339:
991:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
645:
Committee for the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice
3753:
3485:
3269:
2661:
2226:
1343:
448:
followed in early 1984, eliminating interest and instituting
696:'s General Secretariat. Al-Turabi responded by forming the "
2657:
591:
in June 1989, which further solidified Islamic principles.
1318:
1197:"Rivalry between the Two Sayyids al-Mirghani and al-Mahdi"
166:
Conversely, during the Turco-Egyptian rule in Sudan, the "
681:
in a 1995 assassination plot against Egyptian President
111:, the face of Islam in Sudan before Sudan' independence
533:, called for freedoms and refraining from implementing
1265:
Beaumont, Peter; Salih, Zeinab Mohammed (2 May 2019).
1082:
Beaumont, Peter; Salih, Zeinab Mohammed (2 May 2019).
213:
In 1949, the "Islamic Liberation Movement" emerged at
1061:"Sudan's popular uprising and the demise of Islamism"
627:
Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation
3971:
3940:
3904:
3831:
3764:
3695:
3634:
3523:
3502:
3442:
3374:
3320:
3289:
3282:
3083:
3053:
2930:
2865:
2858:
2746:
2699:
2586:
2550:
2514:
2498:
2482:
2456:
2370:
2324:
2315:
2290:
2283:
2264:
2107:
1999:
1920:
1809:
1684:
1657:
1568:
1378:
704:, a former adversary, leading to his imprisonment.
81:, the future of Islamism in Sudan was in question.
1267:"Sudan: what future for the country's Islamists?"
1084:"Sudan: what future for the country's Islamists?"
814:"Constitutionalism and Islamization in the Sudan"
236:, did not gain significant attention. After the
66:As of 2011, Al-Turabi, who created the Islamist
897:"Islamization in Sudan: A Critical Assessment"
304:Following a failed coup attempt in June 1976,
2673:
2238:
1355:
650:Before these events, al-Turabi and his wife,
90:Early years: al-Mirghani and al-Mahdi rivalry
8:
793:International Journal of Middle East Studies
711:, a prominent Islamist figure who served as
147:." and later, in February 1945, forming the
344:that granted self-governance to the south.
255:, a professor of constitutional law at the
3861:Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam
3761:
3750:
3499:
3482:
3286:
3279:
3266:
2862:
2696:
2680:
2666:
2658:
2321:
2287:
2245:
2231:
2223:
2005:
1926:
1815:
1681:
1654:
1574:
1384:
1362:
1348:
1340:
951:
949:
564:, al-Turabi and his colleagues formed the
513:Another Islamic movement in Sudan was the
2490:National Rally for Reform and Development
1022:"Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt & Sudan"
1020:Zahid, Mohammed; Medley, Michael (2006).
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
240:, Karar relocated to Libya following the
2604:Egyptian parliamentary election, 2011–12
1519:Conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile
2990:Justice and Development Party (Morocco)
925:
750:, but the group has limited influence.
560:After Nimeiri's regime fell due to the
191:Muslim Brotherhood in Sudan (1954–1964)
127:against the Turco-Egyptian rule. After
2995:Justice and Development Party (Turkey)
998:
843:Irish Studies in International Affairs
625:al-Turabi. However, by December, the
3450:International propagation of Salafism
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
172:Muhammad Othman al-Mirghani al-Khitmi
7:
3554:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
2609:Egyptian presidential election, 2012
1529:Second Transitional Military Council
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
864:"Islam and State in Numayri's Sudan"
862:Warburg, Gabriel R. (October 1985).
297:sworn into the government after the
183:," which eventually merged with the
2764:Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists
2403:Coalition for the Defense of Sharia
1484:First Transitional Military Council
1167:"تاريخ الحركة الإسلامية في السودان"
1026:Review of African Political Economy
202:, founder of the Muslim Brotherhood
1299:Abdelaziz, Khalid (28 June 2023).
967:(5th ed.). Washington, D.C.:
812:An-Na'im, Abdullahi Ahmed (1989).
702:Sudan People's Liberation Movement
545:National Islamic Front (1985–1989)
419:amputation according to Sharia law
25:
3866:Popular Arab and Islamic Congress
2428:Islamic Alliance to Support Egypt
2352:Movement for Democracy in Algeria
1539:2019–2021 transition to democracy
677:Al-Turabi's association with the
672:Palestine Liberation Organization
248:Islamic Charter Front (1964–1969)
2647:Militant Islamism in MENA region
1534:Transitional Sovereignty Council
986:
400:
388:
374:
362:
259:, rose to prominence during the
100:Islamization of the Sudan region
3922:Contemporary Islamic philosophy
2474:Party of Reform and Development
895:Fluehr-Lobban, Carolyn (1990).
789:"Mahdism and Islamism in Sudan"
3856:Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
2985:Justice and Construction Party
2469:Justice and Construction Party
2393:Building and Development Party
1165:هدهود, محمود (15 April 2019).
338:opposed self-rule in the south
1:
3927:Islamic response to modernity
2506:Justice and Development Party
2413:Egyptian Islamic Labour Party
2362:Movement of Society for Peace
2347:Justice and Development Front
1059:Assal, Munzoul A. M. (2019).
755:Sudan transition to democracy
596:Government of National Accord
496:Addis Ababa Agreement of 1972
444:like public amputations. The
334:Sharia laws in September 1983
242:September Al-Fateh Revolution
2443:Reform and Renaissance Party
2398:Change and Development Party
2357:Movement for National Reform
2342:Islamic Renaissance Movement
1226:Warburg, Gabriel R. (1990).
965:Sudan : a country study
535:Islamic criminal punishments
489:1977 National Reconciliation
299:1977 National Reconciliation
3530:Militant Islamism based in
3173:Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi
2305:Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt
1173:(in Arabic). Archived from
963:. In Berry, LaVerle (ed.).
574:Muhammad Othman al-Mirghani
413:Some of the victims of the
45:Sudanese Muslim Brotherhood
41:Islamic Liberation Movement
37:Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood
4058:
3984:Political aspects of Islam
3384:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
2970:Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami
2626:August 2013 Rabaa massacre
1397:Pre-independence governors
1063:. Chr. Michelsen Institute
1005:: CS1 maint: postscript (
837:Noble-Frapin, Ben (2009).
643:," akin to Saudi Arabia's
351:
342:1972 Addis Ababa Agreement
283:
267:but saw a decrease in the
93:
4005:
3841:Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization
3760:
3749:
3498:
3481:
3399:Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i
3278:
3265:
2940:Freedom and Justice Party
2695:
2636:
2621:2013 Egyptian coup d'état
2418:Freedom and Justice Party
2196:
2008:
1929:
1818:
1577:
1427:Anglo-Egyptian occupation
1387:
969:Federal Research Division
787:Warburg, Gabriel (1995).
578:Democratic Unionist Party
185:Democratic Unionist Party
181:People's Democratic Party
61:Party of the Islamic Bloc
57:Front of the Islamic Pact
3815:(Izetbegović, 1969-1970)
3614:in the Arabian Peninsula
3455:Islamic religious police
3015:Prosperous Justice Party
2975:Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan
958:"Popular Congress Party"
956:Shinn, David H. (2015).
327:Sudanese Islamic Movemen
273:Sudanese Communist Party
175:which later became the "
73:Following the 2018–2019
3098:Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī
3010:Malaysian Islamic Party
3005:National Iraqi Alliance
2965:Islamic Salvation Front
2895:Islamic Defenders Front
2337:Islamic Salvation Front
1469:National Reconciliation
694:National Congress Party
487:(right) aid, after the
310:national reconciliation
286:National Reconciliation
280:National Reconciliation
261:October 1964 revolution
219:Islamic Socialist Party
215:Gordon Memorial College
177:National Unionist Party
3539:Egyptian Islamic Jihad
3253:Muhammad Rizieq Shihab
3178:Taqi al-Din al-Nabhani
3035:State of Law Coalition
2945:Green Algeria Alliance
2534:Popular Congress Party
2529:National Islamic Front
2408:Democratic Jihad Party
2378:Arab Unification Party
2332:Green Algeria Alliance
1509:United Nations Mission
698:Popular Congress Party
679:Egyptian Islamic Jihad
621:
566:National Islamic Front
557:
515:Republican Brotherhood
500:National Islamic Front
491:
301:
257:University of Khartoum
203:
153:Abd al-Rahman al-Mahdi
112:
109:Abd al-Rahman al-Mahdi
68:Popular Congress Party
3642:Hibatullah Akhundzada
3465:Sufi–Salafi relations
3108:Hibatullah Akhundzada
2448:Youth for Egypt Party
1883:Native administration
1489:Coalitions/Bashir Era
1402:Pre and early history
748:December 2018 protest
724:New Islamic Movements
683:Mohamed Hosni Mubarak
616:
552:
519:Mahmoud Muhammad Taha
475:(left) switched from
471:
423:Peter Anton von Arnim
293:
198:
107:
94:Further information:
53:Islamic Charter Front
43:, a precursor of the
3881:September 11 attacks
3851:Grand Mosque seizure
3657:Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
3652:Abdullah Yusuf Azzam
3414:Muhammad Al-Munajjid
3123:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
3040:Islamic Action Front
975:. pp. 254–256.
775:Rapid Support Forces
730:Youssef Nour Al-Daim
587:by Brigadier Genera
157:Sudan's independence
3813:Islamic Declaration
3362:Young Kashgar Party
1642:Non-marine molluscs
1232:Middle East Journal
973:Library of Congress
901:Middle East Journal
415:September 1983 Laws
354:September 1983 Laws
187:in December 1967.
161:Anglo-Egyptian rule
129:liberating Khartoum
117:Turco-Egyptian rule
75:Sudanese Revolution
4042:Muslim Brotherhood
3871:Algerian Civil War
3846:Iranian Revolution
3805:Islamic Government
3703:Islam and violence
3677:Juhayman al-Otaybi
3590:Sub-Saharan Africa
3335:Authenticity Party
3103:Qazi Hussain Ahmad
2910:Muslim Brotherhood
2759:Islamic governance
2594:Algerian Civil War
2423:Independence Party
2388:Authenticity Party
2383:Anti-Coup Alliance
2300:Muslim Brotherhood
1982:Telecommunications
1417:Turkish occupation
634:Bakri Hassan Saleh
622:
558:
492:
302:
208:Muslim Brotherhood
204:
170:," established by
113:
4037:Islamism in Sudan
4024:
4023:
4001:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3745:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3713:Islamic terrorism
3708:Islamic extremism
3687:Ayman al-Zawahiri
3682:Omar Abdel-Rahman
3488:Militant Islamism
3477:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3409:Rabee al-Madkhali
3370:
3369:
3261:
3260:
3228:Haji Shariatullah
3188:Yusuf al-Qaradawi
3168:Abul A'la Maududi
3163:Ruhollah Khomeini
3153:Alija Izetbegović
3138:Rached Ghannouchi
3128:Necmettin Erbakan
3085:Political leaders
3079:
3078:
3071:Islamic modernism
3000:National Congress
2932:Political parties
2845:Two-nation theory
2779:Islamic socialism
2769:Islamic democracy
2655:
2654:
2546:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2524:National Congress
2220:
2219:
2192:
2191:
1995:
1994:
1958:(former currency)
1916:
1915:
1853:Foreign relations
1805:
1804:
1787:
1786:
1680:
1679:
1659:Natural disasters
1564:
1563:
1549:October 2021 coup
1514:Nomadic conflicts
1439:Independent Sudan
1206:. 27 August 1948.
1177:on 28 August 2023
1001:cite encyclopedia
982:978-0-8444-0750-0
687:Carlos the Jackal
442:hudud punishments
395:Idris Al-Nur Koko
319:1971 coup attempt
314:Al-Sadiq al-Mahdi
312:" and integrated
238:1969 Numeiri coup
230:1959 coup attempt
47:, began in 1949.
16:(Redirected from
4049:
3912:Anti-imperialism
3807:(Khomeini, 1970)
3783:(Khomeini, 1940)
3762:
3751:
3500:
3483:
3287:
3280:
3267:
3233:Hassan Al-Turabi
3045:United Arab List
2863:
2794:Islamic republic
2789:Islamic monarchy
2774:Islamic feminism
2697:
2682:
2675:
2668:
2659:
2563:Hassan al-Turabi
2322:
2288:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2224:
2205:
2006:
1972:
1959:
1927:
1816:
1682:
1655:
1575:
1474:Second Civil War
1385:
1364:
1357:
1350:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1223:
1208:
1207:
1201:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1162:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1032:(110): 693–708.
1017:
1011:
1010:
1004:
996:
990:
989:
962:
953:
916:
891:
858:
833:
808:
769:During the 2023
738:
600:Foreign Minister
576:, leader of the
562:1985 coup d'état
554:Hassan al-Turabi
433:
430:
404:
392:
381:Abdul Rahman Ali
378:
366:
253:Hassan al-Turabi
234:Arab nationalism
155:to advocate for
123:in 1843, led by
121:Mahdist Uprising
49:Hassan Al-Turabi
21:
4057:
4056:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4047:
4046:
4027:
4026:
4025:
4020:
3993:
3989:Political Islam
3967:
3936:
3932:Islamic revival
3900:
3833:
3827:
3823:(Gaddafi, 1975)
3756:
3737:
3691:
3662:Osama bin Laden
3647:Anwar al-Awlaki
3630:
3624:in North Africa
3571:Lashkar-e-Taiba
3519:
3515:Salafi jihadism
3494:
3469:
3438:
3404:Safar al-Hawali
3366:
3316:
3274:
3272:Salafi movement
3257:
3133:Muammar Gaddafi
3118:Hassan al-Banna
3086:
3075:
3049:
2980:Jamiat-e Islami
2926:
2900:Jamaat-e-Islami
2888:in Central Asia
2866:Socio-political
2854:
2742:
2731:Salafi jihadism
2691:
2686:
2656:
2651:
2632:
2582:
2578:Muammar Gaddafi
2558:Hassan al-Banna
2538:
2510:
2494:
2478:
2452:
2366:
2317:
2311:
2292:
2279:
2260:
2251:
2221:
2216:
2208:
2201:
2188:
2103:
1991:
1970:
1957:
1912:
1908:State Governors
1801:
1783:
1676:
1653:
1560:
1444:First Civil War
1374:
1368:
1338:
1328:
1326:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1283:
1281:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1225:
1224:
1211:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1180:
1178:
1164:
1163:
1110:
1100:
1098:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1066:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1019:
1018:
1014:
997:
987:
983:
960:
955:
954:
927:
923:
894:
880:10.2307/1160174
861:
836:
811:
786:
783:
781:Further reading
767:
732:
726:
709:Ali Othman Taha
660:Osama bin Laden
652:Wissal Al-Mahdi
641:People's Police
611:
609:Era (1989–1999)
547:
527:gender equality
485:Hasan Al-Turabi
446:Islamic economy
438:
437:
436:
435:
425:
410:
409:
408:
407:Al-Amin Kabashi
405:
397:
396:
393:
384:
383:
382:
379:
371:
370:
369:Garang Deng Bol
367:
356:
350:
288:
282:
250:
200:Hassan al-Banna
193:
102:
92:
87:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4055:
4053:
4045:
4044:
4039:
4029:
4028:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4018:
4013:
4006:
4003:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3975:
3973:
3972:Related topics
3969:
3968:
3966:
3965:
3963:United Kingdom
3960:
3955:
3950:
3944:
3942:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3908:
3906:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3876:Faith campaign
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3837:
3835:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3825:
3821:The Green Book
3817:
3809:
3801:
3793:
3785:
3777:
3775:(Iqbal, 1930s)
3773:Reconstruction
3768:
3766:
3758:
3757:
3754:
3747:
3746:
3743:
3742:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3735:
3733:Talibanization
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3699:
3697:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3667:Akhtar Mansour
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3638:
3636:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3627:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3578:Southeast Asia
3575:
3574:
3573:
3568:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3544:Fatah al-Islam
3541:
3527:
3525:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3517:
3512:
3506:
3504:
3496:
3495:
3486:
3479:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3446:
3444:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3424:Salman al-Ouda
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3380:
3378:
3372:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3353:
3352:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3326:
3324:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3307:Sahwa movement
3304:
3299:
3293:
3291:
3284:
3276:
3275:
3270:
3263:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3203:Ata Abu Rashta
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3148:Muhammad Iqbal
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3093:Muhammad Abduh
3089:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3030:Fatah Alliance
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2936:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2885:
2878:Hizb ut-Tahrir
2875:
2869:
2867:
2860:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2814:
2813:
2803:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2711:
2705:
2703:
2693:
2692:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2677:
2670:
2662:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2644:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2596:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2573:Omar al-Bashir
2570:
2568:Mohammad Morsi
2565:
2560:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2520:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2464:Homeland Party
2460:
2458:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2328:
2326:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2296:
2294:
2285:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2261:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2242:
2235:
2227:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2207:
2206:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2113:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2092:Public toilets
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2023:Child marriage
2020:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1966:
1961:
1953:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1936:
1930:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1903:Vice President
1900:
1895:
1893:Prime Minister
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1872:September Laws
1865:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1819:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1764:South Kordofan
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1734:North Kordofan
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1709:Central Darfur
1706:
1701:
1696:
1690:
1688:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1667:Climate change
1663:
1661:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1554:2023 Civil war
1551:
1546:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1464:Communist coup
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1373: articles
1369:
1367:
1366:
1359:
1352:
1344:
1337:
1336:
1325:. 15 June 2023
1310:
1291:
1257:
1238:(4): 624–637.
1209:
1188:
1108:
1074:
1051:
1012:
981:
924:
922:
919:
918:
917:
907:(4): 610–623.
892:
874:(4): 400–413.
859:
834:
824:(3/4): 11–28.
809:
799:(2): 219–236.
782:
779:
766:
765:2023 Sudan War
763:
725:
722:
713:vice president
618:Omar al-Bashir
610:
604:
589:Omar al-Bashir
546:
543:
473:Jaafar Nimeiry
412:
411:
406:
399:
398:
394:
387:
386:
385:
380:
373:
372:
368:
361:
360:
359:
358:
357:
352:Main article:
349:
346:
306:Gaafar Nimeiry
295:Sadiq al-Mahdi
284:Main article:
281:
278:
269:1968 elections
265:1965 elections
249:
246:
192:
189:
137:Charles Gordon
125:Muhammad Ahmad
96:Islam in Sudan
91:
88:
86:
83:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4054:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4008:
4007:
4004:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3970:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3939:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3903:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3886:War on terror
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3830:
3824:
3822:
3818:
3816:
3814:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3800:
3798:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3752:
3748:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3635:Major figures
3633:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3607:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3576:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3559:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3484:
3480:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3441:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3429:Ali al-Tamimi
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3376:Major figures
3373:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3351:
3350:Islamist Bloc
3348:
3347:
3346:
3345:Al-Nour Party
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3268:
3264:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3213:Navvab Safavi
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3198:Tariq Ramadan
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3143:Safwat Hegazi
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3113:Muhammad Asad
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3082:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3052:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3025:Welfare Party
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2861:
2857:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2840:Turkish model
2838:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2823:Post-Islamism
2821:
2819:
2816:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2784:Islamic state
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2739:
2738:Shia Islamism
2736:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2724:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2683:
2678:
2676:
2671:
2669:
2664:
2663:
2660:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2433:Islamic Party
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2320:
2314:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2289:
2286:
2284:Organizations
2282:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2248:
2243:
2241:
2236:
2234:
2229:
2228:
2225:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2100:
2097:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2040:Ethnic groups
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1774:West Kordofan
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1544:Peace process
1542:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1504:War in Darfur
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1365:
1360:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1324:
1320:
1314:
1311:
1306:
1302:
1295:
1292:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1261:
1258:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1198:
1192:
1189:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1078:
1075:
1062:
1055:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1016:
1013:
1008:
1002:
994:
993:public domain
984:
978:
974:
970:
966:
959:
952:
950:
948:
946:
944:
942:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
926:
920:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
785:
784:
780:
778:
776:
772:
764:
762:
760:
756:
751:
749:
744:
742:
741:Islamic State
736:
731:
723:
721:
719:
714:
710:
705:
703:
699:
695:
690:
688:
684:
680:
675:
673:
669:
665:
661:
655:
653:
648:
646:
642:
637:
635:
630:
628:
619:
615:
608:
605:
603:
601:
597:
592:
590:
586:
585:military coup
581:
579:
575:
569:
567:
563:
555:
551:
544:
542:
540:
536:
532:
529:, criticised
528:
524:
520:
517:, founded by
516:
511:
509:
505:
501:
497:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
459:
453:
451:
447:
443:
431:
424:
420:
416:
403:
391:
377:
365:
355:
347:
345:
343:
339:
335:
330:
328:
322:
320:
315:
311:
307:
300:
296:
292:
287:
279:
277:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
247:
245:
243:
239:
235:
231:
226:
222:
220:
216:
211:
209:
201:
197:
190:
188:
186:
182:
178:
173:
169:
164:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
141:Mahdist state
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
110:
106:
101:
97:
89:
84:
82:
80:
76:
71:
69:
64:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
19:
4016:North Africa
3957:
3917:Anti-Zionism
3820:
3812:
3804:
3799:(Qutb, 1964)
3796:
3791:(Asad, 1961)
3788:
3781:Forty Hadith
3780:
3772:
3755:Other topics
3357:People Party
3297:Ahl-i Hadith
3243:Ahmed Yassin
3223:Ali Shariati
3158:Ali Khamenei
2832:
2818:Pan-Islamism
2811:of knowledge
2806:Islamization
2515:
2438:People Party
2276:Pan-Islamism
2258:North Africa
2122:Architecture
2030:Demographics
1944:Central Bank
1867:
1858:Human rights
1833:Constitution
1759:South Darfur
1729:North Darfur
1412:Islamization
1327:. Retrieved
1322:
1313:
1304:
1294:
1282:. Retrieved
1271:The Guardian
1270:
1260:
1235:
1231:
1203:
1191:
1179:. Retrieved
1175:the original
1170:
1099:. Retrieved
1088:The Guardian
1087:
1077:
1065:. Retrieved
1054:
1029:
1025:
1015:
964:
904:
900:
871:
867:
846:
842:
821:
818:Africa Today
817:
796:
792:
771:War in Sudan
768:
752:
745:
727:
717:
706:
691:
676:
656:
649:
638:
631:
623:
606:
593:
582:
570:
559:
512:
493:
463:
454:
439:
331:
323:
303:
251:
227:
223:
212:
205:
165:
149:"Umma" Party
114:
72:
65:
31:movement in
26:
3896:Arab Winter
3891:Arab Spring
3672:Mullah Omar
3534:MENA region
3460:Petro-Islam
3434:Al-Uthaymin
3208:Rashid Rida
3193:Sayyid Qutb
3183:Mullah Omar
3061:Ansar Allah
2905:Millî Görüş
2616:Arab Winter
2599:Arab Spring
2179:Photography
2174:Decorations
1934:Agriculture
1862:LGBT rights
1823:Ambassadors
1769:West Darfur
1714:East Darfur
1632:Butterflies
1459:Nimeiry Era
733: [
481:Sharia laws
426: [
348:Sharia laws
4031:Categories
4011:South Asia
3953:Gaza Strip
3905:Influences
3832:Historical
3797:Milestones
3789:Principles
3723:Mujahideen
3600:al-Shabaab
3595:Boko Haram
3583:Abu Sayyaf
3561:South Asia
3419:Zakir Naik
3302:Madkhalism
3290:Scholastic
3248:Zia-ul-Haq
3218:Omar Bongo
2883:in Britain
2801:Islamistan
2719:Khomeinism
2483:Mauritania
2159:Literature
2045:minorities
1971:(currency)
1888:Parliament
1843:Corruption
1779:White Nile
1749:River Nile
1699:Al Qadarif
1101:16 October
1067:16 October
921:References
759:Change Now
753:Following
168:Khatmiyyah
115:Under the
4009:Islam in
3979:Criticism
3941:by region
3524:Movements
3389:Al-Albani
3330:Al Asalah
3322:Political
3312:Wahhabism
3283:Movements
3238:Malcolm X
2960:Hezbollah
2859:Movements
2316:Political
2082:Squatting
2057:Languages
2035:Education
1987:Transport
1951:Companies
1898:President
1848:Elections
1792:Districts
1704:Blue Nile
1602:Volcanoes
1592:Mountains
1570:Geography
1524:2019 coup
1494:1989 coup
1479:1985 coup
1454:1969 coup
1449:1958 coup
1323:Arab News
1279:0261-3077
1244:0026-3141
1181:30 August
1096:0261-3077
1038:0305-6244
913:0026-3141
888:1750-0184
855:0332-1460
849:: 69–82.
830:0001-9887
805:0020-7438
662:moved to
531:Wahhabism
508:Khatmiyya
477:communism
458:Abu Qurun
421:taken by
221:in 1964.
79:2019 coup
18:Kizan Era
3609:al-Qaeda
3503:Ideology
3492:Jihadism
3340:Al-Islah
3020:Al Wefaq
2920:in Syria
2915:in Egypt
2873:Deobandi
2747:Concepts
2726:Salafism
2709:Islamism
2689:Islamism
2642:Islamism
2640:Part of
2271:Islamism
2265:Ideology
2254:Islamism
2212:Category
2137:Clothing
2072:Religion
2067:Refugees
2018:Polygamy
2013:Marriage
1977:Taxation
1878:Military
1868:Islamism
1811:Politics
1739:Northern
1724:Khartoum
1647:Reptiles
1607:Wildlife
1422:Mahdiyya
1407:Medieval
1392:Timeline
670:and the
664:Khartoum
539:apostasy
429:Wikidata
308:sought "
135:General
59:and the
29:Islamist
3948:Balkans
3728:Slavery
3696:Related
3619:in Iraq
3566:Taliban
3510:Qutbism
3443:Related
3394:Ibn Baz
3066:Taliban
3054:Related
2950:Ennahda
2754:Emirate
2714:Qutbism
2701:Outline
2551:Leaders
2499:Morocco
2325:Algeria
2318:parties
2293:society
2203:Outline
2152:History
2109:Culture
2087:Toilets
2077:Slavery
2001:Society
1939:Banking
1922:Economy
1828:Cabinet
1744:Red Sea
1719:Kassala
1617:Mammals
1582:Geology
1432:History
1380:History
1329:3 March
1305:Reuters
1284:3 March
1252:4328194
1046:4007135
620:in 1990
556:in 2015
502:(NIF),
434:in 1986
133:killing
85:History
3834:events
2828:Sharia
2587:Events
2291:Civil
2142:Emblem
2132:Cinema
2117:Anthem
2052:Health
1969:Pound
1964:Energy
1956:Dinar
1797:Cities
1754:Sennar
1694:Gezira
1686:States
1672:Floods
1627:Horses
1597:Rivers
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