283:
224:
210:
169:
158:
147:
136:
108:
196:
1685:
tried to disguise in conversation that capturing a hospital and taking hostages had been planned and was not a desperate measure. In March 1996, Raduyev was shot in the head (in what some reports described as an ambush by rival guerrillas), and reportedly killed. However, he resurfaced after
Dzhokhar Dudayev's death with his shattered head reconstructed with metal plates, and after the war became a seemingly mentally-unstable leader of an unruly private militia called General Dudayev's Army.
271:
1572:, 90 Chechen fighters died during the crisis; Yeltsin reported that 153 Chechen fighters were killed and 30 captured. Western analysts estimated losses at 96 Chechen fighters and at least 26 civilians killed, plus about 200 federal casualties (including those killed at Kizlyar). The hostages evacuated by their Chechen captors from Pervomayskoye included at least a dozen captured servicemen and police officers.
305:
292:
1681:, including false claims about minimal Russian losses and the elimination of enemy forces. The use of force against terrorism should be commensurate with the threat and employed in a way that limits the loss of life. Military action should be accompanied by full disclosure of information about the conflict and casualties. The murderous assault on Pervomayskoye did not meet any of those tests."
1370:
officials claimed that the rebels publicly hanged six captured
Russian servicemen. Over the next three days Russian special-forces detachments from a number of services, numbering about 500 and supported by tanks, armored vehicles and attack helicopters, repeatedly tried to penetrate the village but they were beaten back, with at least 12 killed. Among the dead was the commander of
1758:
1772:
187:
178:
118:
1584:
report said the prisoners were "12 Russian soldiers and six police officers". On
January 27 the bodies of 26 dead Chechen fighters, swapped for civilian hostages and returned by Russian authorities through Dagestani intermediaries, were buried at the Tsotsin-Yurt village cemetery for the 400 Chechens
1605:
to the "liberation of
Pervomayskoye"; Yeltsin initially said that "all the bandits have been destroyed, unless there are some still hiding underground", the operation was "planned and carried out correctly" and "is over with a minimum of losses to the hostages and our own people." Chernomyrdin said,
1564:
Salman
Raduyev's January 1996 indictment by a Russian prosecutor stated that 37 Russian troops and 41 civilians were killed in Pervomayskoye. According to Yeltsin 82 hostages were rescued, but Chernomyrdin said that 42 were freed. The full extent of civilian casualties is uncertain; the Russian army
1473:
A large group of relatives of the hostages gathered near security checkpoints 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the village and silently watched the bombardment. Russian authorities tried to minimize coverage of the crisis by blocking access to the scene with guard dogs, turning journalists away with
1433:
when the conflict began." Specter noted: "The Grads fell with monstrous concussive force throughout the day. In this town, about 6 kilometres (4 mi) away, where journalists have been herded by
Russian forces, windows cracked at the force of the repeated blasts ... Mikhailov said today that
1357:
special-police officers, who surrendered at a border checkpoint. The convoy turned and sought cover in
Pervomayskoye (also translated as Pervomayskoe, Pervomaiskoye or Pervomaiskoe), a Dagestani village of about 1,200 residents. The rebels installed most of the hostages in the village school and the
1684:
The hostage crisis split the
Chechens, with Salman Raduyev denounced by top Chechen rebel leaders. Polish fighter Mirosław Kuleba (Mehmed Borz) met Raduyev two months after the crisis, and believed that the latter may have intended to ignite a broader civil war in Dagestan. Kuleba felt that Raduyev
1301:
All but about 120 of the captives were released the next day, after
Russian authorities ordered the guerrillas to release their hostages in exchange for safe passage back to separatist-controlled areas of Chechnya. Although on January 12 the rebels freed the women and children, they said they would
1284:
fort in the region (and many historical battles), was chosen as the target due to its proximity and easy access of 3 kilometres (2 mi) from the
Chechen border across flat terrain. The guerrillas began the raid with a nighttime assault on a military airbase outside Kizlyar, where they destroyed
1696:
in 2002. That year, Turpal-Ali Atgeriyev (sentenced to 15 years) also died in prison. Both of them died under mysterious circumstances. At least two other participants were sentenced for their roles in the raid during the 2000s, despite a 1996 amnesty: Aslanbek Alkhazurov to five years (he died in
1670:
correspondent Valery Yakov, who witnessed the fighting from inside the village) described a chaotic, overmanned and bungled Russian operation in Pervomayskoye; Pavel Felgenhauer wrote that the armed services involved in the assault displayed a "fantastic lack of coordination." An opinion piece in
1730:
origin who were sympathetic to the rebels in Pervomaiskoye. Turkish authorities, in continuous communication and negotiations with the captors and ignoring Russian demands for tough action, secured the safe release of the captives (177 mostly-Russian passengers and a Turkish crew of 55) and the
1536:
on the Russian lines from behind, briefly capturing a school building used by federal forces in the neighboring village of Sovetskoye (several kilometers from Pervomayskoye). The Chechen relief force, like Raduyev's detachment earlier, made its way undetected through Russian-patrolled areas of
1369:
detailed operations against the hostage-takers on national television, famously gesticulating how the "38 snipers" were supposed to cover the village and eliminate all the rebels. Yeltsin's remarks were widely ridiculed, and later disavowed. Before launching an assault on the village, Russian
1499:
On the eighth night, despite Kulikov's assertion that three rings of security forces had surrounded the village, the Chechens broke out and escaped in the early morning of January 18, 1996. They took with them about 20 Russian police hostages and several dozen civilians; a number of wounded
1575:
On January 19, Raduyev proposed an exchange of the police hostages for the seriously-wounded fighters he had left behind, and the Chechens expressed their willingness to turn over the remaining civilian hostages to Dagestani authorities. A special resolution by the Russian
575:
1383:
I want everybody to understand that now we have a situation which is not about liberating hostages. If you're following military rules, the task here is to capture a military fortress held by a battalion strength unit in urban conditions. This is about liberating a
1292:
an estimated 2,000 to 3,400 people (according to official Russian accounts, there were "no more than 1,200" hostages taken). The hostages were rounded up in multiple locations and taken to the occupied city hospital and a nearby high-rise building. Field commander
1297:
later said that he took command of the operation from Raduyev after the latter failed in his mission to destroy the airbase, an ammunition factory and other military and police installations in and around the city. At least 46 people died on January 9.
1412:
declared that the hostage-takers had executed the captives. FSB General Alexander Mikhailov announced that the Chechens "had shot or hanged all or most" of the hostages, and federal forces now planned to "flatten" Pervomayskoye; Russian Prime Minister
457:
1252:, which was destroyed by Russian artillery fire. Although the Chechens escaped from the siege with some of their hostages, at least 26 hostages and more than 200 combatants on both sides died. One third of the homes in Pervomayskoye were destroyed.
500:
461:
1642:
Russian federal forces' botched operation in Pervomayskoye to free the hostages not only failed to achieve the government's aims but led to the complete destruction of the village. The scale and methods of the Russian operations in
1349:
opened fire on the convoy's lead vehicle which was a Dagestani police car escorting the column. According to some reports the border bridge was blown up as well, but journalists later reported it intact. The Chechens captured 37
1531:
A force of between 200 and 300 guerrillas arrived in the area from Chechnya, where rebel fighters grouped under the command of Maksud Ingulbayev (who was ordered by Dudayev). To aid the breakthrough they mounted a
1500:
guerrillas were carried on stretchers by the hostages (who also carried ammunition), while about 20 fighters too seriously injured to be moved were left behind. Both sides suffered heavy losses. Chechen commander
1540:
Russian forces entered a destroyed village strewn with the corpses of Chechen fighters, Dagestani civilians and Russian troops. After the battle a Russian soldier unintentionally fired a cannon on his
1249:
59:
2028:
3271:
1434:
he was adding up the Chechen casualties, not by number of corpses, 'but by the number of arms and legs.'" Barsukov later joked that "the usage of the Grad multiple rocket launchers was mainly
2138:
3060:
2600:
2696:
3476:
2206:
1701:(with several other commanders, he went ahead to clear a path through a minefield). Suleiman Bustayev left Chechnya as a refugee to live in the European Union, where he became active in
1664:
The incident's handling was widely criticized by Russian and foreign journalists, humanitarian organizations and human-rights groups. Russian press accounts (including an account from
1134:
420:
2319:
615:
2163:
2854:
2584:
2071:
2495:
1697:
prison in 2004) and Husein Gaisumov to eight years. Of the other Chechen commanders in Pervomayskoye, Khunkar-Pasha Israpilov was killed in 2000 while leading another breakout
2408:
2371:
1746:, and offered in exchange for Chechen fighters in Russian captivity and civilian Chechen inmates of Russian filtration camps; their release was negotiated later that month.
3446:
3436:
3036:
2002:
3017:
1613:
The operation triggered outrage in Dagestan and across Russia, especially in liberal circles. Grigory Yavlinsky said, "It is time to face the fact that we are in a real
1548:
of the FSB, killing two commandos and injuring three. The Chechens claimed to still hold more than 60 hostages, who were evacuated to the separatist-controlled town of
3835:
3489:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
1565:
denied access to the village by journalists during the attack, and independent observers were admitted only after the bodies of civilians were removed from the ruins.
1484:), and a reporter's car was fired on at a military checkpoint after being permitted to cross. Russian forces turned away relief workers, including representatives of
1325:, Magomed Abdurazakov: the rebels would be allowed to return to Chechnya through a safe corridor, in a convoy of 13 vehicles with about 150 hostages volunteering as
4477:
3461:
1179:
1647:
and Pervomayskoye, as well as the large number of civilian victims, point to a complete disregard for the safety and security of civilians in clear violation of
1496:
protested Russian intimidation of the press in Pervomayskoye, its ban of medical assistance to civilians and its refusal to permit evacuation of the wounded.
1358:
mosque and set up defensive positions, putting the captured policemen and some civilian hostages to work digging trenches. According to Russian state agency
522:
2493:
Bartering bullets: Demoralized, underfed, poorly paid, the once-vaunted troops of Moscow scrounge for food as Chechen rebels humiliate them in Pervomayskoye
2348:
1345:
The rebels headed toward Chechnya in a column of eleven buses and two trucks, but were stopped short of the border between the two republics when a Russian
4452:
2055:
1606:"It is clear to everyone that it is pointless to talk to these people . They are not the kind of people you can negotiate with." U.S. Secretary of Defense
413:
4120:
2908:
2025:
608:
1621:, resigned from all his posts in protest of the "cruel punitive action" and Yegor Gaidar drafted a letter calling on Yeltsin not to run in the upcoming
4492:
4457:
3466:
3276:
2229:
1458:
from Grad rockets. Heavy losses (including friendly-fire incidents) triggered a collapse in morale among the Russian forces. Russian military analyst
1504:
said 17 of the 40 Chechen fighters leading the breakout died as they fought their way through Russian positions and across a minefield. According to
3410:
1489:
1077:
970:
3056:
2893:
2604:
2270:
3451:
2692:
1524:
and ran across the frozen steppe, trying to reach safety before dawn, and a number of Chechen fighters were killed by strafing attacks of Russian
1516:. The middle part of the rebel column with the wounded and the hostages suffered 26 fatalities, according to leader Aydemir Abdullayev (an ethnic
1322:
2822:
2736:
2785:
2564:
4487:
3109:
1919:Трошев Г. Н. Глава 3. Время набегов // Моя война. Чеченский дневник окопного генерала. — М.: Вагриус, 2001. — 15 000 экз. — ISBN 5-264-00657-1.
1617:
now in Russia. This was not a hostage crisis. It is a hopeless war, and it was started by Boris Yeltsin." Yeltsin's human-rights commissioner,
1144:
406:
4130:
3628:
3618:
1835:
1470:." It was reported that demoralized, cold and hungry Russian troops begged the locals for alcohol and cigarettes in exchange for ammunition.
1463:
601:
4125:
3471:
2542:
2523:
2186:
2118:
700:
2767:
2677:
2659:
2620:
1734:
In another hostage-taking incident, on January 17 a group of 29 employees of the Kirov heating plant near Grozny (Russian engineers from
1580:
granted a special amnesty for 11 captured guerrillas, who were then exchanged for the Novosibirsk policemen seized near Pervomayskoye; a
4462:
3415:
3339:
2099:
1269:
1093:
680:
507:
2967:
2803:
2252:
2160:
1610:
affirmed solidarity with Yeltsin's government, saying that Russia was justified in using military force in response to hostage-taking.
3484:
3390:
2850:
2580:
2134:
2075:
1869:
1622:
1590:
1002:
832:
2492:
2431:
526:
4467:
3231:
3210:
3180:
2947:
2405:
1742:. Thirty-eight other civilians (mostly ethnic Russians) had been kidnapped during the previous week in Chechnya's rebel-controlled
1698:
1430:
485:
2714:
2202:
1963:
3815:
3441:
3226:
3153:
1175:
1007:
842:
792:
447:
1999:
3528:
3082:
2838:
3014:
2289:
1537:
Chechnya and Dagestan; Russian officials later accused the residents of two nearby villages of collaboration with the rebels.
1528:
helicopters during the pursuit. However, only three or four hostages lost their lives, and some of them escaped in the chaos.
1442:
reported that "the general's answers were openly mocking." Among Russian troops deployed to the village was an FSB agent from
3395:
3200:
3185:
1678:
1648:
954:
849:
582:
490:
1417:
also claimed that no hostages remained alive. Russian commanders then ordered their forces to open fire on the village with
2641:
3375:
1894:
1790:
1480:
1475:
763:
560:
452:
3118:
2873:
1244:
involving thousands of civilians, most of whom were quickly released. It culminated in a battle between the Chechens and
4482:
3810:
1813:
1785:
1743:
1221:
811:
168:
157:
146:
135:
111:
1520:); the rear guard was commanded by Suleiman Bustayev. After the skirmish the column crossed the border river through a
3852:
2986:
1183:
913:
837:
3033:
2472:
2368:
2316:
4472:
3542:
3405:
3365:
3102:
1288:
At 6 am, pursued by Russian reinforcements, the withdrawing Chechen fighters entered the town itself and took
929:
876:
738:
282:
223:
209:
3633:
3385:
3251:
3175:
2344:
1493:
939:
772:
480:
2051:
3645:
3640:
3344:
3246:
3147:
2905:
1735:
1714:
1544:
infantry fighting vehicle, hitting another armored vehicle which exploded and its fragments landed amongst the
1405:
949:
892:
729:
555:
299:
2267:
1462:
reported that "based on information from observers and participants of the fighting, it can be concluded that
517:
3456:
3241:
2752:
1727:
1485:
1330:
1294:
1127:
1109:
986:
816:
140:
2221:
1302:
release the male hostages only if four Russian officials took their places. Liberal opposition politicians
4115:
3576:
3135:
1517:
570:
107:
3919:
3891:
3611:
3555:
3236:
3095:
1435:
1139:
944:
934:
756:
709:
195:
2819:
2733:
393:
15 Civilians killed and 11 POWs killed, several hundred wounded, 250 homes destroyed in Pervomayskoye
270:
3994:
3606:
3496:
3380:
3266:
3170:
2782:
2561:
1553:
1501:
1447:
1056:
805:
799:
662:
475:
162:
495:
4399:
3753:
3400:
3261:
1474:
warning shots and confiscating their equipment. The dogs injured several journalists (including an
1414:
1033:
1028:
908:
858:
625:
190:
1843:
4385:
4155:
4055:
3840:
3830:
3570:
3431:
3141:
1689:
1673:
1657:
1521:
1513:
1505:
1425:
reported that the Russians were "firing into Pervomaskoye at the rate of one a minute – the same
1171:
538:
121:
2539:
2520:
2183:
2115:
3078:
2764:
2674:
2656:
2617:
4343:
4228:
4169:
4069:
3825:
3370:
3205:
3190:
3129:
1586:
1459:
1346:
1303:
1213:
1163:
533:
430:
30:
3001:
2096:
87:
More than half of the Chechen fighters escaped via a breakthrough, including their commanders
4427:
4419:
4405:
4391:
4377:
4363:
4349:
4335:
4329:
4321:
4315:
4307:
4293:
4279:
4253:
4242:
4234:
4220:
4206:
4188:
4175:
4161:
4147:
4110:
4083:
4075:
4061:
4047:
4033:
4019:
4000:
3986:
3967:
3953:
3939:
3925:
3911:
3897:
3883:
3877:
3869:
3820:
3773:
3767:
3759:
3745:
3721:
3511:
3256:
2963:
2800:
2244:
1630:
1607:
1409:
1265:
1229:
1205:
228:
200:
1865:
4301:
4273:
4267:
4261:
4214:
4194:
3905:
3845:
3781:
3708:
3698:
3688:
3563:
3549:
3534:
3064:
3040:
3021:
2990:
2971:
2951:
2912:
2877:
2858:
2826:
2807:
2789:
2771:
2740:
2718:
2700:
2681:
2663:
2645:
2624:
2588:
2568:
2546:
2527:
2499:
2476:
2435:
2428:
2412:
2375:
2352:
2323:
2293:
2256:
2233:
2210:
2190:
2167:
2142:
2122:
2103:
2059:
2032:
2006:
1967:
1569:
1422:
1418:
1401:
1315:
1268:(although Dudayev would later deny it), launched a raid similar to the one triggering the
1217:
1167:
512:
214:
1589:
in 1919. The hostages freed in Pervomayskoye were interned in poor conditions in Russian
2944:
4357:
4287:
4247:
4027:
4013:
3980:
3975:
3947:
3933:
3739:
3729:
3693:
2711:
1960:
1702:
1618:
1549:
1281:
1261:
1241:
1225:
151:
1719:
Turkish authorities coped effectively with the hijackers of the Panamanian-registered
4446:
4041:
4008:
3703:
3683:
3506:
3195:
2449:
Death of a Dissident: The Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko and the Return of the KGB
2274:
1763:
1693:
1455:
1366:
565:
181:
4413:
4371:
4183:
3961:
3734:
3501:
2286:
1777:
1739:
1509:
1326:
1311:
1307:
1264:, calling themselves Lone Wolf and allegedly acting on orders by Chechen President
304:
2638:
1726:, which was captured on January 16 by an armed group of nine Turkish citizens of
3660:
1545:
1351:
308:
291:
2753:
Brief summary of concerns about human rights violations in the Chechen Republic
1898:
4200:
3349:
2870:
1753:
1577:
1426:
1809:
1378:, Andrei Krestyaninov; surviving commandos described the fighting as "hell".
1866:"У нас там не оказалось подводной лодки: Кизляр – Первомайское, январь 1996"
1614:
1525:
1359:
261:
And the armed formation under the command of Musa Charayev (about 40 people)
186:
177:
117:
3087:
2982:
2469:
2026:
Former Chechen Rebel Leader, Once a Thorn in Russia's Side, Dies in Prison
1771:
3715:
3655:
3650:
1666:
1644:
1626:
1602:
1310:
quickly agreed to participate in the exchange, but retired army generals
1277:
1245:
1237:
1038:
1012:
295:
63:
1949:
The Insurgency in Chechnya and the North Caucasus: From Gazavat to Jihad
1634:
1443:
1289:
1285:
at least two helicopters and killed 33 servicemen, before withdrawing.
1273:
1233:
55:
1677:
said, "All this bloodshed and confusion was dressed up in Moscow with
593:
3678:
3601:
1467:
1371:
1334:
67:
398:
1692:
in 2000. In 2001 he was sentenced to life imprisonment, dying in a
1508:, the Chechens killed nearly all of a blocking detachment from the
1720:
1541:
1533:
2894:
Caught in the Cross Fire: Civilians in Gudermes and Pervomayskoye
3623:
2945:
Chechen rebel leader killed, reports say; Fierce fighting erupts
1375:
1354:
1329:
to deter a Russian ambush. Unknown to Abdurazakov, at least 150
385:
286:
3091:
597:
402:
1928:
1581:
1439:
1400:
After the assault attempts failed, Russia's Interior Minister
1386:
257:
Suleiman Raduyev (brother of Salman Raduyev) (about 60 people)
2581:
RUSSIANS BOMB PERVOMAISKOYE, TURKS NEGOTIATE WITH HIJACKERS.
2801:
Chechen rebel leader still defiant; hostage release delayed
1688:
Raduyev was eventually captured by the Russians during the
2603:. The Jamestown Foundation. August 9, 2006. Archived from
2072:"Peer Criticises Performance of Chechen Commander Raduyev"
1362:, an additional 100 hostages were taken from the village.
2317:
Yeltsin Criticized for Handling of Chechen Hostage Crisis
1421:, howitzers and rocket launchers. American correspondent
1260:
On January 9, 1996, about 200 Chechen guerrillas led by
2429:
Russian soldiers say hostage-freeing mission mismanaged
2393:
Allah's Mountains: The Battle for Chechnya, New Edition
1961:
Chechen rebels hold at least 1,000 hostages in hospital
1512:
22nd Brigade, including the intelligence chief of the
2851:
PERVOMAISKOYE DEBACLE REVERBERATES IN NORTH CAUCASUS.
2712:
Russia issues arrest warrant for Chechen rebel leader
2964:
IMPRISONED CHECHEN FIELD COMMANDER DIES MYSTERIOUSLY
4139:
4103:
4096:
3861:
3803:
3796:
3671:
3594:
3587:
3520:
3424:
3332:
3219:
3163:
2406:
Saying Hostages Are Dead, Russians Level Rebel Town
1118:
1102:
1086:
1070:
1047:
1021:
995:
979:
963:
922:
901:
885:
869:
825:
783:
749:
720:
691:
671:
655:
2369:CHECHEN REBELS WIDEN RESISTANCE, HIJACKING A FERRY
382:126 Russian troops killed, 95 wounded (all forces)
2983:Secret execution of Chechens in prisons of Russia
3836:United Vilayat of Kabarda, Balkaria and Karachay
2557:
2555:
2470:Pervomayskoye: Yeltsin wrote off hostages' lives
2000:10 Days That Shook Russia: Siege in the Caucasus
1337:to intercept the convoy as it entered Chechnya.
16:1996 hostage crisis during the First Chechen War
2871:Rebels Beaten, Hostages Freed, Yeltsin Declares
2161:Fog of battle clouds Pervomayskoye's ugly truth
1640:
1568:According to Chechen separatist chief-of-staff
1381:
1321:An alternative agreement was negotiated by the
23:
3059:, The Jamestown Foundation, January 23, 1996
3034:Pro-Chechen Ferry Hijackers Surrender to Turks
2853:, The Jamestown Foundation, January 30, 1996
2583:, The Jamestown Foundation, January 18, 1996
2540:Heaviest assault yet on Chechen hostage-takers
2521:Chechen rebels survive, prolong hostage crisis
2116:Chechens offer trade: Hostages for politicians
1629:poll, 75 percent of respondents in Moscow and
1180:Islamic State insurgency in the North Caucasus
3103:
3015:Chechens' Corpses Paved Path Across Minefield
1738:) was kidnapped for ransom by a group led by
609:
414:
8:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2097:Chechens threaten to kill remaining hostages
1895:"Комментарии Теракт в Кизляре—Первомайском"
1731:surrender of the gunmen without bloodshed.
4100:
3800:
3591:
3110:
3096:
3088:
3057:CIVILIAN HOSTAGES IN CHECHNYA TO BE FREED.
2695:, The Jamestown Foundation, May 17, 1996
2693:THE DEGRADATION OF RUSSIA'S SPECIAL FORCES
2516:
2514:
2512:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2287:Confessions of a Disinformer from Lubyanka
2074:. The Jamestown Foundation. Archived from
1585:killed fighting Russian forces during the
1431:largely destroy the Chechen capital Grozny
636:
616:
602:
594:
421:
407:
399:
20:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1889:
1887:
259:Khunkar-Pasha Israpilov (about 30 people)
3411:Domodedovo International Airport bombing
3340:1995 Budyonnovsk hospital hostage crisis
2364:
2362:
2360:
2345:Russians aim firestorm at hostage-takers
2205:, Radio Free Europe, January 12, 1996
2184:Chechen siege: Embarrassment or triumph?
1490:International Committee of the Red Cross
4268:
4195:
2841:, Radio Free Europe, January 24, 1996
2729:
2727:
2047:
2045:
2021:
2019:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1801:
1212:), occurred in January 1996 during the
648:than 50 deaths. Incidents are bombings,
380:63 MVD Internal Troops killed (Kizlyar)
2839:YELTSIN, ZAVGAEV ON CHECHEN PROSPECTS.
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
4478:Terrorist incidents in Russia in 1996
3079:One day in the death of Pervomayskoye
2734:Rebels apparently gone; hostages free
2601:"PERVOMAISKOYE DEBACLE IN RETROSPECT"
2465:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2457:
1816:from the original on February 2, 2014
7:
3024:, Associated Press, February 5, 2000
2820:In Chechnya, little faith in amnesty
2137:, Radio Free Europe, January 1996
2135:HOSTAGE DRAMA IN DAGESTAN CONTINUES.
1872:from the original on October 7, 2019
1198:Kizlyar–Pervomayskoye hostage crisis
646:indicate incidents resulting in more
453:Destruction of the Chechen Air Force
274:3693th Battalion MVD Interior Troops
3416:2017 Saint Petersburg Metro bombing
2052:Scores dead at end of hostage siege
1270:Budyonnovsk hospital hostage crisis
4453:20th-century mass murder in Russia
3376:2002 Moscow theater hostage crisis
2896:, Human Rights Watch, 1 March 1996
2618:Interview with Turpal-Ali Atgeriev
1810:"Теракт в Кизляре и Первомайском)"
1478:cameraman and a correspondent for
253:Aydimir Abalayev (about 70 people)
14:
4131:Islamic State – Caucasus Province
2829:, Prague Watchdog, August 9, 2006
90:Most of hostages escaped unharmed
4493:Violations of medical neutrality
4458:Battles of the First Chechen War
3442:Battle of Grozny (November 1994)
3227:1999 Russian bombing of Chechnya
3154:Insurgency in the North Caucasus
2675:Interview with Suleiman Bustayev
2657:Interview with Aydemir Abdalayev
1770:
1756:
1705:'s Chechen government-in-exile.
1395:—FSB General Alexander Mikhailov
1276:in the neighbouring republic of
1176:Insurgency in the North Caucasus
388:helicopters and 2 APCs destroyed
359:Several tanks combat helicopters
303:
290:
281:
269:
222:
208:
194:
185:
176:
167:
156:
145:
134:
116:
106:
3447:Censorship of Chechnya coverage
3366:1999 Russian apartment bombings
2985:, Chechenpress, March 2, 2004
1601:The Russian government reacted
349:32 Mortars and artillery pieces
3396:2004 Russian aircraft bombings
3201:Battle of Grozny (August 1996)
3186:1995 Shali cluster bomb attack
3004:, Prima News, April 12, 2002
2765:Interview with Aslan Maskhadov
2755:, Amnesty International 1996
1649:international humanitarian law
1466:officers were on the verge of
1333:were flown from their base in
1200:, also known in Russia as the
1:
4488:January 1996 events in Russia
4121:Islamic International Brigade
3646:Main Intelligence Directorate
3345:1996 Black Sea hostage crisis
3272:Counter-insurgency operations
2277:, Kavkaz Center, May 10, 2001
1791:Moscow theatre hostage crisis
1481:The Christian Science Monitor
1323:Interior Minister of Dagestan
353:54 infantry fighting vehicles
3811:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
3619:Ministry of Internal Affairs
3529:Polina Zherebtsova's Journal
3232:Battle of Grozny (1999–2000)
3211:Russia–Chechnya Peace Treaty
3181:Battle of Grozny (1994–1995)
2966:, CA-CI, December 16, 2002
2906:The Assault on Pervomayskoye
2562:Chechen rebels counterattack
1786:Beslan school hostage crisis
1744:Achkhoy-Martanovsky District
1318:refused to enter captivity.
1135:Rostov-on-Don hostage crisis
551:Kizlyar–Pervomayskoye crisis
112:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
24:Kizlyar–Pervomayskoye crisis
3853:Islamic Djamaat of Dagestan
3361:1996 Kizlyar hostage crisis
3063:September 30, 2007, at the
2857:September 30, 2007, at the
2825:September 30, 2007, at the
2699:September 30, 2007, at the
2587:September 30, 2007, at the
1184:Islamic terrorism in Europe
650:unless described otherwise.
255:Turpal Atgeriev (40 people)
4509:
4463:Battles involving Chechnya
3543:The 3 Rooms of Melancholia
3406:2010 Moscow Metro bombings
2788:November 15, 2006, at the
2255:November 28, 2005, at the
2209:December 16, 2014, at the
2141:December 16, 2014, at the
1712:
3651:Special Forces (Spetsnaz)
3391:2004 Moscow Metro bombing
3386:2002 Grozny truck bombing
3252:2002 Khankala Mi-26 crash
3125:
2989:October 15, 2007, at the
2970:February 6, 2012, at the
2639:Пиар на крови десантников
2411:October 21, 2017, at the
2347:, CNN, January 17, 1996
2292:October 13, 2007, at the
2232:October 10, 2008, at the
2166:October 21, 2017, at the
2054:, CNN, January 18, 1996
2005:October 21, 2017, at the
1897:. Army.lv. Archived from
1494:Reporters Without Borders
1209:
1157:
639:
635:
440:
392:
363:
314:
287:29th OSN "Bulat" (Moscow)
242:
227:Andrei Krestyaninov
127:
100:
36:
28:
4468:Hostage taking in Russia
3641:Federal Security Service
3401:2004 Beslan school siege
3247:2000 Zhani-Vedeno ambush
3148:Insurgency in Ingushetia
3119:Chechen–Russian conflict
3002:Raduev’s appeal rejected
2644:January 1, 2013, at the
2498:January 3, 2014, at the
2475:January 3, 2014, at the
2203:DEADLOCK IN PERVOMAYSKOE
1715:Black Sea hostage crisis
1552:(aka Novogrozny) in the
1406:Federal Security Service
1280:, the site of the first
1202:terrorist act in Kizlyar
81:Russian military victory
3481:International response
3242:Battle of Komsomolskoye
3039:March 12, 2024, at the
2810:, CNN, January 23, 1996
2770:August 4, 2012, at the
2743:, CNN, January 18, 1996
2721:, CNN, January 29, 1996
2680:August 4, 2012, at the
2662:August 4, 2012, at the
2623:August 4, 2012, at the
2571:, CNN, January 18, 1996
2549:, CNN, January 17, 1996
2530:, CNN, January 24, 1996
2438:, CNN, January 23, 1996
2374:March 12, 2024, at the
2322:March 12, 2024, at the
2193:, CNN, January 19, 1996
2125:, CNN, January 13, 1996
2106:, CNN, January 11, 1996
1679:Soviet-style propaganda
1486:Doctors Without Borders
1295:Khunkar-Pasha Israpilov
377:200 killed and captured
351:3 Grad rocket launchers
141:Khunkar-Pasha Israpilov
3371:1999 Tukhchar massacre
2950:March 9, 2008, at the
2911:March 5, 2016, at the
2806:March 9, 2008, at the
2739:March 9, 2008, at the
2717:March 9, 2008, at the
2607:on September 30, 2007.
2567:March 9, 2008, at the
2545:March 9, 2008, at the
2526:March 9, 2008, at the
2434:March 9, 2008, at the
2351:March 9, 2008, at the
2245:Reinventing Tsar Boris
2189:March 9, 2008, at the
2121:March 9, 2008, at the
2102:March 9, 2008, at the
2058:March 9, 2008, at the
2031:March 5, 2016, at the
1970:, CNN, January 9, 1996
1966:March 9, 2008, at the
1709:Related hostage crises
1653:
1633:thought that all the "
1623:presidential elections
1392:
1246:Russian special forces
373:Unknown number wounded
128:Commanders and leaders
3920:Abdul-Halim Sadulayev
3892:Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev
3437:Anti-Russian violence
3237:Battle for Height 776
3020:May 20, 2013, at the
2876:May 16, 2013, at the
1374:special police force
701:Kizlyar-Pervomayskoye
491:Shali cluster bombing
364:Casualties and losses
296:22nd Spetsnaz Brigade
3995:Turpal-Ali Atgeriyev
3656:Republic of Chechnya
3497:Politics of Chechnya
3452:Crimes and terrorism
3381:2003 Tushino bombing
3267:2005 raid on Nalchik
3171:Battle of Dolinskoye
2954:, CNN, March 6, 1996
2222:Is Yeltsin suicidal?
2078:on November 22, 2006
1947:Robert W. Schaefer,
1554:Gudermessky District
1502:Turpal-Ali Atgeriyev
1448:Alexander Litvinenko
1331:Russian paratroopers
1057:Metrojet Flight 9268
1008:Volgograd (December)
163:Turpal-Ali Atgeriyev
4483:Mass murder in 1996
3754:Dzhabrail Yamadayev
3262:2004 raid on Grozny
2882:The Washington Post
1901:on October 18, 2019
1534:diversionary attack
1415:Viktor Chernomyrdin
1003:Volgograd (October)
627:Terrorism in Russia
219:(Interior Minister)
191:Viktor Chernomyrdin
46:(1 week and 2 days)
4386:Abu Hafs al-Urduni
4156:Magomed Suleimanov
4056:Rasul Makasharipov
3841:Vilayat Cherkessia
3831:Vilayat Nokhchicho
3679:Russian Federation
3602:Russian Federation
3571:Ant in a Glass Jar
3490:Second Chechen War
3432:Chechen Revolution
3220:Second Chechen War
3176:Battle of Khankala
3142:Second Chechen War
3047:, January 20, 1996
3045:The New York Times
2919:, January 19, 1996
2917:The New York Times
2884:, January 19, 1996
2506:, January 23, 1996
2483:, January 31, 1996
2419:, January 18, 1996
2417:The New York Times
2382:, January 17, 1996
2380:The New York Times
2330:, January 20, 1996
2251:, April 12, 1997
2174:, January 20, 1996
2037:The New York Times
2013:, January 22, 1996
2011:The New York Times
1812:. Kavkaz-uzel.ru.
1690:Second Chechen War
1674:The New York Times
1658:Human Rights Watch
1625:. In a January 19
1365:Russian President
1248:in the village of
1228:against a federal
1222:Chechen separatist
1216:. What began as a
1172:Second Chechen War
1078:Shchelkovo Highway
739:Apartment bombings
508:Budyonnovsk crisis
122:Russian Federation
4473:Military scandals
4440:
4439:
4436:
4435:
4344:Arthur Getagazhev
4229:Supyan Abdullayev
4170:Aliaskhab Kebekov
4126:Riyad-us Saliheen
4092:
4091:
4070:Ilyas Gorchkhanov
3826:Vilayat Galgayche
3792:
3791:
3485:First Chechen War
3206:Khasavyurt Accord
3191:Samashki massacre
3164:First Chechen War
3130:First Chechen War
3083:Andrei Kolesnikov
2931:Mirosław Kuleba,
2504:Los Angeles Times
2481:Green Left Weekly
2404:Michael Specter,
2391:Sebastian Smith,
2273:July 7, 2012, at
2228:, June 28, 1997
1998:Michael Specter,
1846:on March 26, 2019
1637:" should resign.
1587:Russian Civil War
1464:Interior Ministry
1460:Pavel Felgenhauer
1454:squad came under
1347:attack helicopter
1304:Grigory Yavlinsky
1214:First Chechen War
1193:
1192:
1164:First Chechen War
1153:
1152:
1062:(going to Russia)
850:Aircraft bombings
833:Moscow (February)
591:
590:
534:Samashki massacre
432:First Chechen War
397:
396:
238:
220:
206:
205:(Director of FSB)
96:
95:
44:9–18 January 1996
31:First Chechen War
4500:
4428:Zalim Shebzukhov
4424:
4410:
4396:
4382:
4368:
4354:
4340:
4330:Asker Dzhappuyev
4326:
4316:Rustam Asildarov
4312:
4298:
4284:
4270:
4258:
4243:Aslan Byutukayev
4239:
4225:
4211:
4197:
4189:Aslambek Vadalov
4180:
4166:
4152:
4111:Caucasus Emirate
4101:
4084:Rappani Khalilov
4080:
4066:
4052:
4038:
4024:
4005:
3991:
3972:
3958:
3944:
3930:
3916:
3902:
3888:
3878:Dzhokhar Dudayev
3874:
3821:Vilayat Dagestan
3801:
3778:
3768:Ruslan Yamadayev
3764:
3750:
3726:
3592:
3512:Chechen genocide
3257:2004 Nazran raid
3112:
3105:
3098:
3089:
3067:
3054:
3048:
3031:
3025:
3013:Lyoma Turpalov,
3011:
3005:
2999:
2993:
2980:
2974:
2961:
2955:
2942:
2936:
2930:
2926:
2920:
2903:
2897:
2891:
2885:
2867:
2861:
2848:
2842:
2836:
2830:
2817:
2811:
2798:
2792:
2780:
2774:
2762:
2756:
2750:
2744:
2731:
2722:
2709:
2703:
2690:
2684:
2672:
2666:
2654:
2648:
2637:
2633:
2627:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2597:
2591:
2578:
2572:
2559:
2550:
2537:
2531:
2518:
2507:
2490:
2484:
2467:
2452:
2445:
2439:
2426:
2420:
2402:
2396:
2389:
2383:
2366:
2355:
2342:
2331:
2314:
2301:
2300:, March 19, 2002
2284:
2278:
2265:
2259:
2249:The Moscow Times
2242:
2236:
2226:The Indian Times
2219:
2213:
2200:
2194:
2181:
2175:
2158:
2145:
2132:
2126:
2113:
2107:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2068:
2062:
2049:
2040:
2039:, March 16, 2008
2023:
2014:
1996:
1971:
1958:
1952:
1945:
1930:
1926:
1920:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1891:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1842:. Archived from
1832:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1806:
1780:
1775:
1774:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1660:
1631:Saint Petersburg
1591:filtration camps
1410:Mikhail Barsukov
1396:
1282:Imperial Russian
1266:Dzhokhar Dudayev
1230:military airbase
1211:
1210:Теракт в Кизляре
1128:Crocus City Hall
1094:Saint Petersburg
1063:
637:
630:
628:
618:
611:
604:
595:
579:
556:Black Sea crisis
530:
504:
465:
435:
433:
423:
416:
409:
400:
307:
294:
285:
273:
251:(in Kizlyar) of:
237:(SOBR commander)
236:
233:
226:
218:
212:
204:
201:Mikhail Barsukov
198:
189:
180:
173:Aidamir Abalayev
172:
171:
161:
160:
150:
149:
139:
138:
120:
110:
38:
37:
21:
4508:
4507:
4503:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4498:
4497:
4443:
4442:
4441:
4432:
4420:
4406:
4392:
4378:
4364:
4350:
4336:
4322:
4308:
4302:Magomed Vagabov
4294:
4280:
4274:Tarkhan Gaziyev
4262:Khuseyn Gakayev
4254:
4235:
4221:
4215:Anzor Astemirov
4207:
4176:
4162:
4148:
4135:
4088:
4076:
4062:
4048:
4034:
4020:
4001:
3987:
3968:
3954:
3940:
3926:
3912:
3906:Aslan Maskhadov
3898:
3884:
3870:
3857:
3846:Vilayat Iriston
3816:Caucasian Front
3788:
3782:Sulim Yamadayev
3774:
3760:
3746:
3722:
3709:Gennady Troshev
3699:Alexander Lebed
3689:Dmitry Medvedev
3667:
3634:Internal Troops
3583:
3564:Angel of Grozny
3550:The Pathologies
3521:Wars in culture
3516:
3477:Aircraft losses
3462:Suicide attacks
3420:
3328:
3277:Guerrilla phase
3215:
3159:
3136:War in Dagestan
3121:
3116:
3075:
3070:
3065:Wayback Machine
3055:
3051:
3041:Wayback Machine
3032:
3028:
3022:Wayback Machine
3012:
3008:
3000:
2996:
2991:Wayback Machine
2981:
2977:
2972:Wayback Machine
2962:
2958:
2952:Wayback Machine
2943:
2939:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2913:Wayback Machine
2904:
2900:
2892:
2888:
2878:Wayback Machine
2869:David Hoffman,
2868:
2864:
2859:Wayback Machine
2849:
2845:
2837:
2833:
2827:Wayback Machine
2818:
2814:
2808:Wayback Machine
2799:
2795:
2790:Wayback Machine
2781:
2777:
2772:Wayback Machine
2763:
2759:
2751:
2747:
2741:Wayback Machine
2732:
2725:
2719:Wayback Machine
2710:
2706:
2701:Wayback Machine
2691:
2687:
2682:Wayback Machine
2673:
2669:
2664:Wayback Machine
2655:
2651:
2646:Wayback Machine
2635:
2634:
2630:
2625:Wayback Machine
2616:
2612:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2589:Wayback Machine
2579:
2575:
2569:Wayback Machine
2560:
2553:
2547:Wayback Machine
2538:
2534:
2528:Wayback Machine
2519:
2510:
2500:Wayback Machine
2491:
2487:
2477:Wayback Machine
2468:
2455:
2447:Alex Goldfarb,
2446:
2442:
2436:Wayback Machine
2427:
2423:
2413:Wayback Machine
2403:
2399:
2390:
2386:
2376:Wayback Machine
2367:
2358:
2353:Wayback Machine
2343:
2334:
2324:Wayback Machine
2315:
2304:
2294:Wayback Machine
2285:
2281:
2266:
2262:
2257:Wayback Machine
2243:
2239:
2234:Wayback Machine
2220:
2216:
2211:Wayback Machine
2201:
2197:
2191:Wayback Machine
2182:
2178:
2172:The Independent
2168:Wayback Machine
2159:
2148:
2143:Wayback Machine
2133:
2129:
2123:Wayback Machine
2114:
2110:
2104:Wayback Machine
2095:
2091:
2081:
2079:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2060:Wayback Machine
2050:
2043:
2033:Wayback Machine
2024:
2017:
2007:Wayback Machine
1997:
1974:
1968:Wayback Machine
1959:
1955:
1946:
1933:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1914:
1904:
1902:
1893:
1892:
1885:
1875:
1873:
1868:. Old.memo.ru.
1864:
1863:
1859:
1849:
1847:
1840:www.youtube.com
1834:
1833:
1829:
1819:
1817:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1776:
1769:
1762:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1717:
1711:
1662:
1655:
1635:power ministers
1599:
1570:Aslan Maskhadov
1562:
1423:Michael Specter
1408:(FSB) Director
1402:Anatoly Kulikov
1398:
1394:
1343:
1316:Alexander Lebed
1258:
1194:
1189:
1188:
1168:War of Dagestan
1149:
1114:
1098:
1082:
1066:
1061:
1043:
1017:
991:
975:
959:
918:
897:
881:
865:
843:Moscow (August)
821:
779:
745:
716:
687:
667:
651:
649:
647:
631:
626:
624:
622:
592:
587:
573:
571:Nalchik bombing
520:
498:
455:
443:Pre-war battles
436:
431:
429:
427:
383:
381:
376:
375:Other estimate:
374:
372:
370:
358:
356:
354:
352:
350:
348:
346:
341:
339:
331:
326:
324:
302:
289:
280:
275:
268:
260:
258:
256:
254:
252:
235:
229:
221:
217:
215:Anatoly Kulikov
207:
203:
193:
184:
166:
165:
155:
154:
144:
143:
133:
84:
70:
45:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4506:
4504:
4496:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4445:
4444:
4438:
4437:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4430:
4416:
4402:
4388:
4374:
4360:
4358:Ibn al-Khattab
4346:
4332:
4318:
4304:
4290:
4288:Said Buryatsky
4276:
4264:
4250:
4248:Movladi Udugov
4245:
4231:
4217:
4203:
4191:
4186:
4172:
4158:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4107:
4105:
4098:
4094:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4086:
4072:
4058:
4044:
4030:
4028:Movsar Barayev
4016:
4014:Ilyas Akhmadov
4011:
3997:
3983:
3981:Akhmed Zakayev
3978:
3976:Salman Raduyev
3964:
3950:
3948:Shamil Basayev
3936:
3934:Ruslan Gelayev
3922:
3908:
3894:
3880:
3865:
3863:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3849:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3813:
3807:
3805:
3798:
3794:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3784:
3770:
3756:
3742:
3740:Ramzan Kadyrov
3737:
3732:
3730:Akhmad Kadyrov
3713:
3712:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3694:Vladimir Putin
3691:
3686:
3675:
3673:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3665:
3664:
3663:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3609:
3598:
3596:
3589:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3574:
3567:
3560:
3553:
3546:
3539:
3532:
3524:
3522:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3467:Assassinations
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3428:
3426:
3425:Related topics
3422:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3342:
3336:
3334:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3151:
3145:
3139:
3133:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3107:
3100:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3074:
3073:External links
3071:
3069:
3068:
3049:
3026:
3006:
2994:
2975:
2956:
2937:
2933:Szamil Basajew
2921:
2898:
2886:
2862:
2843:
2831:
2812:
2793:
2775:
2757:
2745:
2723:
2704:
2685:
2667:
2649:
2628:
2610:
2592:
2573:
2551:
2532:
2508:
2485:
2453:
2440:
2421:
2397:
2384:
2356:
2332:
2328:New York Times
2302:
2279:
2260:
2237:
2214:
2195:
2176:
2146:
2127:
2108:
2089:
2063:
2041:
2015:
1972:
1953:
1931:
1921:
1912:
1883:
1857:
1827:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1767:
1751:
1748:
1713:Main article:
1710:
1707:
1703:Akhmed Zakayev
1639:
1619:Sergei Kovalev
1598:
1595:
1561:
1558:
1550:Novogroznensky
1384:city [
1380:
1342:
1339:
1272:. The city of
1262:Salman Raduyev
1257:
1254:
1242:hostage crisis
1226:Salman Raduyev
1224:forces led by
1191:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1064:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1034:Grozny clashes
1031:
1029:Grozny bombing
1025:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1015:
1010:
1005:
999:
997:
993:
992:
990:
989:
983:
981:
977:
976:
974:
973:
967:
965:
961:
960:
958:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
926:
924:
920:
919:
917:
916:
914:Nevsky Express
911:
905:
903:
899:
898:
896:
895:
889:
887:
883:
882:
880:
879:
873:
871:
867:
866:
864:
863:
854:
845:
840:
835:
829:
827:
823:
822:
820:
819:
814:
809:
802:
797:
787:
785:
781:
780:
778:
777:
768:
759:
753:
751:
747:
746:
744:
743:
734:
724:
722:
718:
717:
715:
714:
705:
695:
693:
689:
688:
686:
685:
675:
673:
669:
668:
666:
665:
659:
657:
653:
652:
640:
633:
632:
623:
621:
620:
613:
606:
598:
589:
588:
586:
585:
580:
568:
563:
558:
553:
542:
541:
536:
531:
515:
510:
505:
496:Aksai incident
493:
488:
483:
478:
467:
466:
450:
441:
438:
437:
428:
426:
425:
418:
411:
403:
395:
394:
390:
389:
378:
366:
365:
361:
360:
347:2,500 Infantry
333:
317:
316:
312:
311:
262:
245:
244:
243:Units involved
240:
239:
174:
152:Salman Raduyev
130:
129:
125:
124:
114:
103:
102:
98:
97:
94:
93:
92:
91:
88:
83:
82:
78:
76:
72:
71:
54:
52:
48:
47:
42:
34:
33:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4505:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4429:
4425:
4423:
4417:
4415:
4411:
4409:
4403:
4401:
4397:
4395:
4389:
4387:
4383:
4381:
4375:
4373:
4369:
4367:
4361:
4359:
4355:
4353:
4347:
4345:
4341:
4339:
4333:
4331:
4327:
4325:
4319:
4317:
4313:
4311:
4305:
4303:
4299:
4297:
4291:
4289:
4285:
4283:
4277:
4275:
4271:
4265:
4263:
4259:
4257:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4240:
4238:
4232:
4230:
4226:
4224:
4218:
4216:
4212:
4210:
4204:
4202:
4198:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4181:
4179:
4173:
4171:
4167:
4165:
4159:
4157:
4153:
4151:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4138:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4102:
4099:
4095:
4085:
4081:
4079:
4073:
4071:
4067:
4065:
4059:
4057:
4053:
4051:
4045:
4043:
4042:Muslim Atayev
4039:
4037:
4031:
4029:
4025:
4023:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4009:Vakha Arsanov
4006:
4004:
3998:
3996:
3992:
3990:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3973:
3971:
3965:
3963:
3959:
3957:
3951:
3949:
3945:
3943:
3937:
3935:
3931:
3929:
3923:
3921:
3917:
3915:
3909:
3907:
3903:
3901:
3895:
3893:
3889:
3887:
3881:
3879:
3875:
3873:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3860:
3854:
3851:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3799:
3795:
3783:
3779:
3777:
3771:
3769:
3765:
3763:
3757:
3755:
3751:
3749:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3727:
3725:
3719:
3718:
3717:
3714:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3704:Pavel Grachev
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3684:Boris Yeltsin
3682:
3681:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3670:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3620:
3617:
3613:
3612:Ground Forces
3610:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3593:
3590:
3586:
3580:
3579:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3568:
3566:
3565:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3507:Kavkaz Center
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3355:
3353:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3333:Major attacks
3331:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3196:Shatoy ambush
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3162:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3124:
3120:
3113:
3108:
3106:
3101:
3099:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3084:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3053:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3035:
3030:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3010:
3007:
3003:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2960:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2946:
2941:
2938:
2934:
2925:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2907:
2902:
2899:
2895:
2890:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2872:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2847:
2844:
2840:
2835:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2821:
2816:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2802:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2787:
2784:
2783:07 MR1173.ch3
2779:
2776:
2773:
2769:
2766:
2761:
2758:
2754:
2749:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2735:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2713:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2679:
2676:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2661:
2658:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2643:
2640:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2622:
2619:
2614:
2611:
2606:
2602:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2577:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2563:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2541:
2536:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2489:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2471:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2430:
2425:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2407:
2401:
2398:
2394:
2388:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2370:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2318:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2283:
2280:
2276:
2275:archive.today
2272:
2269:
2268:The last ring
2264:
2261:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2185:
2180:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2098:
2093:
2090:
2077:
2073:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2001:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1925:
1922:
1916:
1913:
1900:
1896:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1871:
1867:
1861:
1858:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1831:
1828:
1815:
1811:
1805:
1802:
1796:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1773:
1768:
1765:
1764:Russia portal
1754:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1729:
1725:
1722:
1716:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1694:prison colony
1691:
1686:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1661:
1659:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1611:
1609:
1608:William Perry
1604:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1579:
1573:
1571:
1566:
1559:
1557:
1556:of Chechnya.
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1538:
1535:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1456:friendly fire
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1436:psychological
1432:
1429:they used to
1428:
1427:Grad missiles
1424:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1368:
1367:Boris Yeltsin
1363:
1361:
1356:
1353:
1348:
1341:Pervomayskoye
1340:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1327:human shields
1324:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1250:Pervomayskoye
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
1000:
998:
994:
988:
985:
984:
982:
978:
972:
969:
968:
966:
962:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
927:
925:
921:
915:
912:
910:
907:
906:
904:
900:
894:
891:
890:
888:
884:
878:
875:
874:
872:
868:
862:
861:
860:
855:
853:
852:
851:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
830:
828:
824:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
807:
803:
801:
798:
796:
795:
794:
789:
788:
786:
782:
776:
775:
774:
769:
767:
766:
765:
760:
758:
755:
754:
752:
748:
742:
741:
740:
735:
733:
732:
731:
726:
725:
723:
719:
713:
712:
711:
706:
704:
703:
702:
697:
696:
694:
690:
684:
683:
682:
677:
676:
674:
670:
664:
661:
660:
658:
654:
645:
644:
638:
634:
629:
619:
614:
612:
607:
605:
600:
599:
596:
584:
581:
577:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
548:
547:
546:
540:
537:
535:
532:
528:
524:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
502:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
473:
472:
471:
463:
459:
454:
451:
449:
446:
445:
444:
439:
434:
424:
419:
417:
412:
410:
405:
404:
401:
391:
387:
379:
368:
367:
362:
344:
343:Pervomayskoye
337:
334:
329:
328:Pervomayskoye
322:
319:
318:
313:
310:
306:
301:
297:
293:
288:
284:
278:
277:Pervomayskoye
272:
266:
263:
250:
247:
246:
241:
234:
232:
225:
216:
211:
202:
197:
192:
188:
183:
182:Boris Yeltsin
179:
175:
170:
164:
159:
153:
148:
142:
137:
132:
131:
126:
123:
119:
115:
113:
109:
105:
104:
99:
89:
86:
85:
80:
79:
77:
74:
73:
69:
65:
61:
60:Pervomayskoye
57:
53:
50:
49:
43:
40:
39:
35:
32:
27:
22:
19:
4421:
4414:Abdulla Kurd
4407:
4393:
4379:
4372:Abu al-Walid
4365:
4351:
4337:
4323:
4309:
4295:
4281:
4255:
4236:
4222:
4208:
4184:Dokka Umarov
4177:
4163:
4149:
4077:
4063:
4049:
4035:
4021:
4002:
3988:
3969:
3962:Arbi Barayev
3955:
3941:
3927:
3913:
3899:
3885:
3871:
3775:
3761:
3747:
3735:Alu Alkhanov
3723:
3607:Armed Forces
3577:
3569:
3562:
3556:
3548:
3541:
3535:
3527:
3502:Chechenpress
3360:
3351:
3052:
3044:
3029:
3009:
2997:
2978:
2959:
2940:
2932:
2924:
2916:
2901:
2889:
2881:
2865:
2846:
2834:
2815:
2796:
2778:
2760:
2748:
2707:
2688:
2670:
2652:
2636:(in Russian)
2631:
2613:
2605:the original
2595:
2576:
2535:
2503:
2488:
2480:
2448:
2443:
2424:
2416:
2400:
2392:
2387:
2379:
2327:
2297:
2282:
2263:
2248:
2240:
2225:
2217:
2198:
2179:
2171:
2130:
2111:
2092:
2082:December 30,
2080:. Retrieved
2076:the original
2066:
2036:
2010:
1956:
1948:
1924:
1915:
1903:. Retrieved
1899:the original
1874:. Retrieved
1860:
1848:. Retrieved
1844:the original
1839:
1830:
1818:. Retrieved
1804:
1778:1990s portal
1740:Arbi Barayev
1733:
1723:
1718:
1687:
1683:
1672:
1665:
1663:
1654:
1641:
1612:
1600:
1574:
1567:
1563:
1539:
1530:
1522:gas pipeline
1510:Spetsnaz GRU
1498:
1479:
1472:
1451:
1399:
1393:
1385:
1382:
1364:
1344:
1320:
1312:Boris Gromov
1308:Yegor Gaidar
1300:
1287:
1259:
1201:
1197:
1195:
1162:Part of the
1126:
1125:
1055:
1054:
857:
856:
848:
847:
804:
791:
790:
771:
770:
762:
761:
737:
736:
728:
727:
708:
707:
699:
698:
679:
678:
643:Bold italics
642:
641:
550:
544:
543:
469:
468:
442:
342:
335:
327:
320:
276:
264:
249:Armed groups
248:
230:
101:Belligerents
62:Sovetskoye,
29:Part of the
18:
3797:Separatists
3661:Kadyrovites
3588:Federalists
3457:Mass graves
3156:(2009–2017)
3150:(2007–2015)
3144:(1999–2009)
3132:(1994–1996)
2929:(in Polish)
1905:October 23,
1876:October 23,
1850:January 15,
1820:October 23,
1699:from Grozny
1546:Alpha Group
1352:Novosibirsk
1240:, became a
987:Makhachkala
950:Vladikavkaz
893:Vladikavkaz
793:Znamenskoye
730:Vladikavkaz
681:Budyonnovsk
574: [
521: [
499: [
456: [
371:30 Captured
309:Alpha Group
4447:Categories
4201:Ali Taziev
4116:Mujahideen
4104:Combatants
4097:Mujahideen
3804:Combatants
3595:Combatants
3578:The Search
3472:Casualties
2935:, page 184
2395:, page 213
1951:, page 138
1797:References
1578:State Duma
1560:Casualties
1145:Surovikino
971:Domodedovo
817:Red Square
583:4th Grozny
561:3rd Grozny
486:2nd Grozny
476:Dolinskoye
448:1st Grozny
3557:Alexandra
3354:hijacking
2451:, page 89
1836:"YouTube"
1728:Caucasian
1615:civil war
1603:hawkishly
1597:Aftermath
1514:58th Army
1360:Itar-Tass
945:Tsentoroy
940:Stavropol
812:Stavropol
470:1994–1995
369:70 Killed
4400:Muhannad
3716:Chechnya
3061:Archived
3037:Archived
3018:Archived
2987:Archived
2968:Archived
2948:Archived
2909:Archived
2874:Archived
2855:Archived
2823:Archived
2804:Archived
2786:Archived
2768:Archived
2737:Archived
2715:Archived
2697:Archived
2678:Archived
2660:Archived
2642:Archived
2621:Archived
2585:Archived
2565:Archived
2543:Archived
2524:Archived
2496:Archived
2473:Archived
2432:Archived
2409:Archived
2372:Archived
2349:Archived
2320:Archived
2290:Archived
2271:Archived
2253:Archived
2230:Archived
2207:Archived
2187:Archived
2164:Archived
2139:Archived
2119:Archived
2100:Archived
2056:Archived
2029:Archived
2003:Archived
1964:Archived
1870:Archived
1814:Archived
1750:See also
1667:Izvestia
1645:Gudermes
1627:Interfax
1506:Memorial
1488:and the
1450:, whose
1278:Dagestan
1238:Dagestan
1140:Dagestan
1039:GTA gang
1013:GTA gang
757:Kaspiysk
710:Kaspiysk
539:Gudermes
481:Khankala
325:240–250
315:Strength
64:Dagestan
51:Location
4422:†
4408:†
4394:†
4380:†
4366:†
4352:†
4338:†
4324:†
4310:†
4296:†
4282:†
4272:)
4266: (
4256:†
4237:†
4223:†
4209:†
4199:)
4193: (
4178:†
4164:†
4150:†
4140:Leaders
4078:†
4064:†
4050:†
4036:†
4022:†
4003:†
3989:†
3970:†
3956:†
3942:†
3928:†
3914:†
3900:†
3886:†
3872:†
3862:Leaders
3776:†
3762:†
3748:†
3724:†
3672:Leaders
3352:Avrasya
2298:Versiya
1724:Avrazya
1444:Nalchik
1438:", and
1419:mortars
1390:].
1290:hostage
1274:Kizlyar
1256:Kizlyar
1234:Kizlyar
1206:Russian
1110:Kizlyar
935:Kizlyar
800:Tushino
340:Unknown
336:Kizlyar
321:Kizlyar
265:Kizlyar
231:†
56:Kizlyar
4426:
4418:
4412:
4404:
4398:
4390:
4384:
4376:
4370:
4362:
4356:
4348:
4342:
4334:
4328:
4320:
4314:
4306:
4300:
4292:
4286:
4278:
4260:
4252:
4241:
4233:
4227:
4219:
4213:
4205:
4182:
4174:
4168:
4160:
4154:
4146:
4082:
4074:
4068:
4060:
4054:
4046:
4040:
4032:
4026:
4018:
4007:
3999:
3993:
3985:
3974:
3966:
3960:
3952:
3946:
3938:
3932:
3924:
3918:
3910:
3904:
3896:
3890:
3882:
3876:
3868:
3780:
3772:
3766:
3758:
3752:
3744:
3728:
3720:
3138:(1999)
1736:Rostov
1468:mutiny
1452:ad-hoc
1372:Moscow
1335:Grozny
955:Grozny
930:Moscow
909:Nazran
877:Moscow
859:Beslan
838:Grozny
806:Mozdok
773:Grozny
764:Moscow
663:Moscow
566:Shatoy
518:Vedeno
357:4 BRDM
355:22 BTR
75:Result
68:Russia
1721:ferry
1542:BMP-1
1526:Mi-24
1232:near
578:]
529:]
513:Bamut
503:]
464:]
213:Gen.
199:Gen.
3629:ODON
3624:OMON
3322:2008
3317:2007
3312:2006
3307:2005
3302:2004
3297:2003
3292:2002
3287:2001
3282:2000
2084:2006
1907:2019
1878:2019
1852:2022
1822:2019
1518:Avar
1404:and
1376:SOBR
1355:OMON
1314:and
1306:and
1218:raid
1196:The
1182:and
1119:2024
1103:2018
1087:2017
1071:2016
1048:2015
1022:2014
996:2013
980:2012
964:2011
923:2010
902:2009
886:2008
870:2006
826:2004
784:2003
750:2002
721:1999
692:1996
672:1995
656:1977
545:1996
386:Mi-8
332:~439
58:and
41:Date
4269:POW
4196:POW
3536:War
3350:MV
3081:by
1582:CNN
1476:ABC
1440:CNN
1387:sic
1220:by
300:GRU
4449::
3043:,
2915:,
2880:,
2726:^
2554:^
2511:^
2502:,
2479:,
2456:^
2415:,
2378:,
2359:^
2335:^
2326:,
2305:^
2296:,
2247:,
2224:,
2170:,
2149:^
2044:^
2035:,
2018:^
2009:,
1975:^
1934:^
1886:^
1838:.
1651:.
1593:.
1492:.
1446:,
1236:,
1208::
1178:,
1174:,
1170:,
1166:,
576:ru
527:sh
525:;
523:ru
501:ru
462:uk
460:;
458:ru
384:2
298:,
66:,
3111:e
3104:t
3097:v
2086:.
1909:.
1880:.
1854:.
1824:.
1656:—
1204:(
617:e
610:t
603:v
422:e
415:t
408:v
345::
338::
330::
323::
279::
267::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
