376:
648:
2141:
2150:
2132:
687:
596:
476:
1183:
3439:
2109:
3601:
3537:
3527:
3468:
1227:
1190:
1143:
991:
699:
3591:
80:
1239:
1150:
487:
3611:
213:
1250:
1357:, patron saint of Burgundy) is the day of the order, when new members are accepted into the order. The extremely valuable treasures are in the Vienna Treasury and in the Austrian State Archives. To date, the new knights and officers take the oath in front of the so-called "oath cross", which is kept in the treasury in Vienna. It is a simply designed golden cross set with precious stones (sapphires, rubies and pearls). In the central part of the cross there is a splinter of the Holy Cross, which makes it a
3704:
1136:
1176:
3622:
858:
1262:
3486:
3568:
3547:
3496:
3506:
498:
do honor to old knights; ... so that those who are at present still capable and strong of body and do each day the deeds pertaining to chivalry shall have cause to continue from good to better; and ... so that those knights and gentlemen who shall see worn the order ... should honor those who wear it, and be encouraged to employ themselves in noble deeds ...".
226:
2529:
2278:
despised even by kings and emperors. The succession of the Orders fifth sovereign, Duke
Charles II, to the thrones of the Spains and the Sicilies in 1516 removed the difficulties that had inevitably arisen from the fact that the head of the Order was a mere duke, for thenceforth its Sovereigns were not only kings but kings of many rich kingdoms. That Charles even as Emperor
3517:
436:
order exclusive jurisdiction over all crimes committed by the knights; the arrest of the offender had to be by warrant signed by at least six knights, and during the process of charge and trial he remained not in prison but in the gentle custody of his fellow knights. The order, conceived in an ecclesiastical spirit in which
667:. When in 1700 Charles II of Spain died childless, both the Habsburgs from the Habsburg lands and the Bourbons, as the new kings of Spain, claimed sovereignty of the order. Both noble houses basically invoked their claims regarding the Spanish crown. The House of Habsburg's claim relied on Article 65 of the Statutes.
663:, the sovereign was on the one hand the head of the Spanish line of the Habsburgs and on the other hand also king of Spain. Charles V was appointed head of the order at the age of 9 and identified himself strongly with this community throughout his life. The ideal of chivalrous and brave living was brought to him by
497:
The Duke's stated reason for founding this institution had been given in a proclamation issued following his marriage, in which he wrote that he had done so "for the reverence of God and the maintenance of our
Christian Faith, and to honor and exalt the noble order of knighthood, and also ... to
1322:
Nazi
Germany classified the order as hostile to the state and tried to confiscate the entire treasure of the order including the archive. Hitler categorically rejected the centuries-old Habsburg principles of "live and let live" in relation to ethnic groups, peoples, minorities, religions, cultures
2277:
The very limitation on membership combined with the policy of promoting the election of counts, princes, and even kings gave the Order an immense international prestige membership of the Order of the Golden Fleece came to be coveted and sought after by many princes of middle rank, and far from
435:
the deeds of each knight were held in review, and punishments and admonitions were dealt out to offenders, and to this the sovereign was expressly subject; the knights could claim as of right to be tried by their fellows on charges of rebellion, heresy and treason, and
Charles V conferred on the
627:
During this time, the
Burgundian court was culturally leading in Europe and so the new order, with its festivals, ceremonies, rituals and constitution, was seen by many as a role model in the sense of a princely order based on the ideals of Christian chivalry. Aid to the Byzantine Empire or the
350:
wrote in 1789 that "the number of knights of the Golden Fleece is very limited in Spain, and this is the order, which of all those in Europe, has best preserved its ancient splendour". Each collar is solid gold and is estimated to be worth around âŹ50,000 as of 2018, making it the most expensive
1334:
After the Second World War in 1953, the
Republic of Austria continued to confirm to the House of Habsburg the right to the Order on its territory, in particular that the Order has its own legal personality. As a result, the order itself remains the owner of the treasure and the archive. The
2282:
continued to regard membership in the Order as one of the highest dignities within his disposal is surely an indication of the esteem in which the Order had come to be held by the time of his accession, as well as a sign of the continuing usefulness of the Order as a political
1272:
The
Austrian order did not suffer from the political difficulties of the Spanish, remaining (with the exception of the British prince regent, later George IV) an honour solely for Catholic royalty and nobility. The problem of female inheritance was avoided on the accession of
628:
pushing back of the
Ottomans was repeatedly promoted by the Burgundian dukes in connection with their order. The Burgundian fleet actually crossed Rhodes and the Black Sea, but all of the ideas came from an extended planning phase that was not yet complete. After the death of
3031:
Timothy Snyder "The Red Prince: The Secret Lives of a
Habsburg Archduke" (2008); James Longo "Hitler and the Habsburgs: The Fuhrer's Vendetta Against the Austrian Royals" (2018); Bob Carruthers "Hitler's Violent Youth: How Trench Warfare and Street Fighting Moulded Hitler"
671:
was able to claim sovereignty of the
Netherlands, the Burgundian heartland, during the War of the Spanish Succession and thus he could celebrate the order's festival in Vienna in 1713. As with Maximilian I or Charles V, the order was again closely associated with the
837:. Franco kindly refused the order on the basis of legitimacy and primogeniture, stating that the Golden Fleece could only be granted by the reigning king of Spain. Moreover, the right of conferral was in any case a prerogative of Jaime's younger brother,
1335:
historically and artistically extremely valuable treasure from the early days of the order includes the oath cross from 1401/02, the golden collar of office for the herald (1517), collars of the order (approx. 1560), vestments and historical relics.
3427:
3667:
2550:
431:. It received further privileges unusual to any order of knighthood: the sovereign undertook to consult the order before going to war; all disputes between the knights were to be settled by the order; at each
3420:
3041:
Les manuscrits du C.E.D.R.E. â Dictionnaire Historique et GĂ©nĂ©alogique, vol. II. LâEmpire d'Autriche. Cercle d'Ătudes des Dynasties Royales EuropĂ©ennes (president, Jean-Fred Tourtchine), Paris- 1991, pp.
1501:
3849:
3660:
3383:
Boulton, D'Arcy Jonathan Dacre, 1987. The Knights of The Crown: The Monarchical Orders of Knighthood in Later Medieval Europe, 1325â1520, Woodbridge, Suffolk (Boydell Press), (revised edition 2000)
632:
in an attempt to conquer the Duchy of Lorraine caused the extinction of the House of Burgundy in 1477, the order passed to the House of Habsburg. A few months after his marriage to the heiress
311:), had died childless in 1700, and so the right to succeed to the throne of Spain (and thus to become the Sovereign of the Order of the Golden Fleece) initiated a global conflict. On one hand,
3636:
3413:
3653:
1303:
requested that the sovereignty and treasure of the order be transferred to him as the ruler of the former Habsburg lands of Burgundy. This claim was seriously considered by the victorious
1323:
and languages, and also wanted to seize significant works of art that are unique worldwide. Hitler intended to decide on the use of the assets after they had been confiscated. After the
3405:
565:
referring to Jason as "Who, to carry off the fleece of Colchis, was willing to commit perjury." The bishop of ChĂąlons, chancellor of the order, identified it instead with the fleece of
2294:
D'Arcy Jonathan Dacre Boulton (2000) . The knights of the crown: the monarchical orders of knighthood in later medieval Europe. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press, Palgrave Macmillan.
817:
Sovereignty remained with the head of the Spanish House of Bourbon during the republican (1931â1939) and Francoist (1939â1975) periods, and is held today by the present king of Spain,
3844:
640:
was knighted in Bruges on April 30, 1478, and then appointed sovereign (grand master) of the order. All renegade or disloyal knights of the order in the course of the subsequent
1284:
The entire treasure of the order, which also includes the "AinkhĂŒrn sword" of the last duke of Burgundy and the centuries-old oath cross, which contains a cross splinter of the
616:
501:
The Order of the Golden Fleece was defended from possible accusations of prideful pomp by the Burgundian court poet Michault Taillevent, who asserted that it was instituted:
3443:
1462:
2602:
2209:
Vellus aureum Burgundo-Austriacum sive Augusti et ordinis torquatorum aurei velleris equitum ... relatio historiaca. Ed.I., Antonius Kaschutnig, Paulus-Antonius Gundl
620:
549:
as the symbol of a Christian order caused some controversy, not so much because of its pagan context, which could be incorporated in chivalric ideals, as in the
676:. Regardless of this, the order was divided into two lines. The Habsburg order owns the archive and the old insignia and adheres more to the original statutes.
1894:
2108:
1436:
Below a list of the names of the living knights, in chronological order, followed in parentheses by the date, when known, of their induction into the order:
2555:, Sociedad Estatal para la ConmemoraciĂłn de los Centenarios de Felipe II y Carlos V, Universitat de Barcelona, Congreso Internacional (Madrid, 2001), p. 128
2234:
1006:
Below a list of the names of the living knights and ladies, in chronologic order and, within parentheses, the year when they were inducted into the order:
776:
created by Order of 15 August 1809 the Order of the Three Golden Fleeces, in view of his sovereignty over Austria, Spain and Burgundy. This was opposed by
2634:
Vgl. Leopold Auer âDer Ăbergang des Ordens an die österreichischen Habsburgerâ in âDas Haus Habsburg und der Orden vom Goldenen Vliesâ (2007), S. 53ff.
375:
608:
400:
384:
327:, his sister's grandchild, as his successor in his will. After the conclusion of the war in 1714, the European powers recognized Philip of Bourbon as
273:
3864:
784:
691:
647:
3060:
1695:
1506:
200:
323:, which had inherited the Burgundian titles and had held the Spanish throne for almost two centuries. However, the late king of Spain had named
3839:
2140:
3302:
1488:
2149:
2131:
2184:
1794:
45:
592:('I will have no other') on the back (non-royal knights of the Golden Fleece were forbidden to belong to any other order of knighthood).
3834:
830:
686:
2683:
2698:
2035:
1478:
3096:
2991:
2713:
2653:
346:
The Golden Fleece, particularly the Spanish branch, became one of the most prestigious and historic orders of chivalry in the world.
3530:
3509:
3378:
3368:
3358:
2377:
2299:
2263:
38:
475:
3787:
1875:
1202:
1084:
971:
838:
641:
637:
3775:
3499:
2056:
1536:
1182:
1072:
604:
491:
204:
3571:
1541:
1394:
1388:
1370:
826:
734:
668:
312:
3600:
428:
3292:"The Habsburg Most Illustrious Order of the Golden Fleece: Its Potential Relevance on Modern Culture in the European Union"
2931:
595:
276:. Today, two branches of the order exist, namely the Spanish Fleece and the Austrian Fleece; the current grand masters are
2493:
2466:
2279:
2249:
1974:
1382:
1376:
1328:
1278:
875:
738:
656:
347:
300:
3805:
3526:
1523:
1493:
1308:
1162:
1110:
316:
229:
151:
3594:
3467:
1575:
1226:
1189:
990:
834:
2583:
Johannes Fried âDas Mittelalter. Geschichte und Kulturâ (The middle age. History and culture. - German), 2011, p. 524.
698:
1870:
1655:
1266:
467:
461:
424:
3614:
2346:
2330:
1142:
3859:
3854:
3742:
3536:
3520:
1915:
1830:
1066:
1038:
644:
were expelled from the order by Maximilian. The memory of the dead was erased and their coats of arms were broken.
360:
285:
97:
3013:
Birgit Schwarz âHitlers Sonderauftrag Ostmark: Kunstraub und Museumspolitik im Nationalsozialismusâ (2018), p 129.
79:
3604:
2189:
1483:
1406:
1289:
1254:
1026:
3590:
3004:
Manfred Leithe-Jasper, Rudolf Distelberger âKunsthistorisches Museum Wien: die Schatzkammerâ (German), 1998 - 1.
3769:
2643:
Manfred Leithe-Jasper, Rudolf Distelberger âKunsthistorisches Museum Wien: die Schatzkammerâ (1998 - 1), p. 60.
2092:
1580:
1274:
1238:
1062:
706:
486:
419:
performed at the creation of the order of the Golden Fleece in Bruges. It is restricted to a limited number of
356:
3610:
2654:"Rey y Cabieses, Amadeo-MartĂn â La descendencia de JosĂ© Bonaparte, rey de España y de las Indias, slide 22"
1149:
1044:
810:
that did not allow women to become heads of state. Her right to confer the Fleece was challenged by Spanish
795:
to be honoured with the Golden Fleece. It has subsequently also been conferred upon non-Christians, such as
363:, amongst 13 others. Knights of the Austrian branch include 33 noblemen and princes of small territories in
1249:
212:
2313:
1637:
1564:
1440:
1400:
1242:
1167:
1020:
1014:
977:
941:
769:
768:, and caused him to return his collar in protest. These, and other awards by Joseph, were revoked by King
702:
600:
457:
289:
2333:
Travels in Spain: Containing a New, Accurate, and Comprehensive View of the Present State of that Country
3540:
3457:
2438:
1733:
1312:
1304:
965:
923:
842:
765:
233:
17:
2224:
3022:
Theodor BrĂŒckler âKunstraub, Kunstbergung und Restitution in Ăsterreich 1938 bis heute.â (1999), p 61.
3756:
3097:
Symposium on the history of the Order of the Golden Fleece (German), Wiener Zeitung, 7 December 2006.
1754:
1568:
1450:
1412:
1331:, Habsburg representative in the affairs of the order, was immediately sent to a concentration camp.
1316:
1098:
1050:
959:
947:
929:
803:
332:
293:
196:
3645:
3799:
2974:
1993:
1950:
1920:
1889:
1517:
1300:
1207:
1135:
1104:
1094:
935:
899:
887:
722:
570:
304:
31:
3485:
2255:
The Knights of the Crown: The Monarchical Orders of Knighthood in Later Medieval Europe, 1325-1520
423:, initially 24 but increased to 30 in 1433, and 50 in 1516, plus the sovereign. The order's first
3763:
3625:
2957:
2897:
2880:
2061:
1473:
1354:
1157:
1056:
1010:
994:
983:
893:
881:
862:
818:
796:
660:
479:
432:
161:
3703:
1175:
664:
3313:
3374:
3364:
3363:
Fillitz, Hermann. Die Schatzkammer in Wien: Symbole abendlÀndischen Kaisertums. Vienna, 1986.
3354:
2914:
2863:
2373:
2295:
2259:
2014:
1446:
1424:
1418:
1347:
1343:
1339:
953:
917:
905:
726:
673:
557:, familiar to all, were not without causes of reproach, expressed in anti-Burgundian terms by
324:
320:
308:
281:
261:
165:
91:
2367:
651:
Roll of arms of the knights of the Golden Fleece. Made in the first half of the 16th century.
586:('No Mean Reward for Labours') engraved on the front of the central link, and Philip's motto
3291:
1835:
911:
822:
777:
757:
746:
730:
633:
629:
612:
522:
396:
340:
336:
245:
3621:
3399:
3353:
Weltliche und Geistliche Schatzkammer. BildfĂŒhrer. Kunsthistorischen Museum, Vienna. 1987.
580:
of firesteels in the shape of the letter B, for Burgundy, linked by flints; with the motto
3793:
3728:
3438:
2846:
2829:
2812:
2795:
2778:
2761:
2744:
2660:
1530:
1231:
1090:
857:
392:
380:
269:
253:
2729:
1547:
3072:
2252:(2000) . "The Order of the Golden Fleece: Burgundy and the Netherlands 1430/1-present".
460:. The officers of the order were the chancellor, the treasurer, the registrar, and the
343:
of Austria, have ever since continued heading the separate orders of the Golden Fleece.
3550:
3325:
2488:
2461:
1315:, who took possession of the property of the order on behalf of the dethroned emperor,
1261:
714:
558:
445:
437:
416:
404:
364:
3828:
3781:
3721:
3051:
Peter Diem âDie Symbole Ăsterreichs (German - The symbols of Austria)â (1995), p 214.
2229:
1770:
1197:
1078:
788:
577:
550:
542:
328:
37:
For the French attempt to unify both branches of the Order of the Golden Fleece, see
3567:
3139:
1292:
and, like the archive and the old insignia, is the property of the Habsburg branch.
3749:
3495:
2416:
1848:
733:. The dispute between Philip and the Habsburg pretender to the Spanish throne, the
603:
with the arms of the knights of the order in the 1519 chapter. From left to right,
3546:
576:
The badge of the order, in the form of a sheepskin, was suspended from a jewelled
2442:
2400:
2253:
1013:(1981) â as reigning king of Spain, sovereign of the order since 2014 after
787:, an act confirmed by Ferdinand on his resumption of power, with the approval of
2935:
2351:
1296:
554:
412:
3505:
2932:"iafrica.com | news | world news | Sarkozy to get Golden Fleece"
2451:] (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Auguste Desrez. pp. xiâxvi (11â16).
1277:
in 1740, as sovereignty of the order passed not to herself but to her husband,
1023:(1941) â former sovereign of the order as king of Spain from 1975 to 2014.
2574:
Johannes Fried âDas Mittelalter. Geschichte und Kultur.â (2011), pp. 460, 512.
2223:
1728:
1358:
1285:
850:
792:
225:
2238:. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 851â867.
3692:
1988:
1789:
1324:
807:
441:
277:
84:
Full set of Insignia of a knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece of Spain
3373:
Fillitz, Hermann. Der Schatz des Ordens vom Goldenen Vlies. Vienna, 1988.
2449:
Selection of chronicles and memoirs on the history of France: with notices
721:, where it remained until the death of the last of the Spanish Habsburgs,
482:, c. 1435, one of the first knights of the Golden Fleece, inducted in 1430
299:
The separation of the two existing branches took place as a result of the
1910:
1690:
773:
753:
453:
449:
408:
3516:
3393:
760:, while Spain was occupied by French troops, angered the exiled king of
3735:
3246:, FĂŒrstliche HĂ€user XVIII (Limburg an der Lahn: C.A. Starke, 2007), 50.
2714:
Richard Eder, "Wedding of Franco's Granddaughter Attended by 2.000" in
2703:, St Antony's College, Oxford, Palgrave Macmillan (London, 1996), p. 56
2051:
2030:
2009:
1032:
811:
742:
546:
352:
3282:, FĂŒrstliche HĂ€user XIX (Limburg an der Lahn: C.A. Starke, 2011), 436.
3270:, FĂŒrstliche HĂ€user XIX (Limburg an der Lahn: C.A. Starke, 2011), 271.
3258:, FĂŒrstliche HĂ€user XIV (Limburg an der Lahn: C.A. Starke, 1991), 122.
3222:, FĂŒrstliche HĂ€user XIV (Limburg an der Lahn: C.A. Starke, 1991), 112.
3210:, FĂŒrstliche HĂ€user XIV (Limburg an der Lahn: C.A. Starke, 1991), 119.
3186:, FĂŒrstliche HĂ€user XIV (Limburg an der Lahn: C.A. Starke, 1991), 113.
3174:, FĂŒrstliche HĂ€user XIV (Limburg an der Lahn: C.A. Starke, 1991), 111.
3162:, FĂŒrstliche HĂ€user XVIII (Limburg an der Lahn: C.A. Starke, 2007), 4.
2444:
Choix de chroniques et mémoires sur l'histoire de France: avec notices
783:
In 1812, the acting government of Spain conferred the Fleece upon the
391:
The Order of the Golden Fleece was established on 10 January 1430, by
288:, respectively. The Grand Chaplain of the Austrian branch is Cardinal
3234:, FĂŒrstliche HĂ€user XIV (Limburg an der Lahn: C.A. Starke, 1991), 94.
3198:, FĂŒrstliche HĂ€user XIV (Limburg an der Lahn: C.A. Starke, 1991), 95.
2347:"Bandera, MarĂa: ÂżQuĂ© es el ToisĂłn de Oro y quiĂ©nes lo han merecido?"
1650:
761:
717:
empire, the sovereignty of the order passed to the Habsburg kings of
566:
420:
265:
2258:(2 ed.). Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press. pp. 395â396.
506:
1749:
1671:
1629:
1260:
1248:
1237:
1225:
989:
856:
741:, and also resulted in the division of the order into Spanish and
718:
697:
685:
646:
485:
474:
374:
224:
1594:
Herald: Count Karl-Albrecht von Waldstein-Wartenberg (since 1997)
1065:(2004), former Tsar Simeon II of Bulgaria, 1943â1946, and former
848:
Knights of the order are entitled to be addressed with the style
331:, and the old Burgundian Habsburg territories became part of the
1338:
Sovereignty of the Austrian branch remains with the head of the
3817:
Note: Within parentheses, the year when inducted into the Order
3649:
3409:
444:
were prominent and the knights were seated in choirstalls like
351:
chivalrous order. Current knights of the Spanish order include
1125:
Coats of arms of current Knights of the Spanish Golden Fleece
2565:
Hermann Kamp âBurgund â Geschichte und Kulturâ (2011), p. 82.
3702:
2369:
Exploring history 1400â1900: An anthology of primary sources
2148:
2139:
2130:
1591:
Registrar: Count Karl-Philipp von Clam-Martinic (since 2007)
1560:
Chancellor: Count Alexander von Pachta-Reyhofen (since 2005)
1311:
but was eventually rejected due to the intervention of King
1245:, Emperor of Austria, as grand master of the Austrian branch
821:. There is confusion towards the conferral of the Fleece on
3637:
Category:Orders, decorations, and medals of Austria-Hungary
2688:, The University of Wisconsin Press (London, 1987), p. 582
841:, as designated heir to the throne of Spain by his father
2603:"Wapenrol van de ridders van het Gulden Vlies (fragment)"
2508:
qui pour emportrer la toison De Colcos se veult parjurer.
490:
The Marquis of Trazengnies with the Insignia, funeral of
1470:
Archduke Michael Salvator of Austria, Prince of Tuscany
403:), in celebration of the prosperous and wealthy domains
319:, claimed the Spanish crown as an agnatic member of the
1456:
Archduke Andreas Salvator of Austria, Prince of Tuscany
232:, with the collar of the order (portrait in c. 1450 by
3850:
Orders, decorations, and medals of the Austrian Empire
2934:. News.iafrica.com. November 25, 2011. Archived from
1588:
Treasurer: Baron Wulf Gordian von Hauser (since 1992)
1295:
Upon the collapse of the Austrian monarchy after the
713:
With the absorption of the Burgundian lands into the
1459:
Archduke Carl Salvator of Austria, Prince of Tuscany
197:
Royal and Distinguished Spanish Order of Charles III
3713:
3684:
3580:
3559:
3475:
3450:
3140:"Chevaliers de la Toison d'Or, Toison Autrichienne"
780:and appointments to the new order were never made.
192:
184:
179:
171:
157:
147:
139:
121:
103:
89:
55:
3444:Orders, decorations, and medals of Austria-Hungary
3396:, an association of people interested in the order
2921:, 26 noviembre 2011 (accessed on October 23, 2016)
2819:, 17 September 1994 (accessed on October 23, 2016)
1463:Prince Lorenz of Belgium, Archduke of Austria-Este
2768:, 28 February 1985 (accessed on October 23, 2016)
383:to celebrate his marriage to Portuguese princess
272:, Duke of Burgundy, to celebrate his marriage to
3134:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3124:
2981:, 31 October 2010 (accessed on October 31, 2015)
2904:, 23 January 2010 (accessed on January 23, 2010)
2887:, 23 January 2010 (accessed on January 23, 2010)
2802:, 24 October 1985 (accessed on October 23, 2016)
2592:Manfred Hollegger "Maximilian I." (2005), p. 59.
705:wearing the Spanish Fleece in 1842 (portrait by
335:(1714-1797). Thus the two dynasties, namely the
3400:The Most Illustrious Order of the Golden Fleece
3122:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3104:
2853:, 2 October 2004 (accessed on October 23, 2016)
2785:, 8 October 1985 (accessed on October 23, 2016)
2335:, G.G.J. and J. Robinson (London, 1789), p. 110
1342:, which was handed over on 20 November 2000 by
532:But for the purpose that praise shall be given
527:
503:
2836:, 25 April 1995 (accessed on October 23, 2016)
2751:, 20 April 1983 (accessed on October 23, 2016)
1511:Baron Johann Friedrich of Solemacher-Antweiler
749:, writes the letter of appointment in French.
3845:1430s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
3661:
3421:
2625:Luise Schorn-SchĂŒtte "Karl V." (2006), p. 12.
2553:De la UniĂłn de Coronas al Imperio de Carlos V
752:The controversial conferral of the Fleece on
367:, most of them of German or Austrian origin.
303:of 1701-1714. The grand master of the order,
8:
2964:, 29 March 2014 (accessed on March 30, 2014)
825:in 1972. The order was illegally offered by
772:on the restoration of Bourbon rule in 1813.
465:
2372:. Manchester University Press. p. 65.
2314:"ToisĂłn de oro: el collar de los poderosos"
2192:, female equivalent to the Austrian Fleece.
1994:Cathedral of the Holy Cross and St. Eulalia
1502:The Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg
745:branches. In either case the sovereign, as
587:
581:
131:
125:
3668:
3654:
3646:
3428:
3414:
3406:
2995:, 30 January 2018 (accessed 19 March 2020)
2870:, 14 April 2007 (accessed on June 9, 2007)
1121:
1067:prime minister of the Republic of Bulgaria
3314:Prince Alexander of Saxony Duke of Saxony
833:wedding to the dictator's granddaughter,
3402:at a reference site on chivalric orders.
2217:
2215:
2118:
1602:
1130:
791:. Wellington therefore became the first
594:
536:And to the good, glory and high renown.
242:Distinguished Order of the Golden Fleece
201:Imperial and Royal Order of Saint George
56:Distinguished Order of the Golden Fleece
18:Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece
2701:Juan Carlos of Spain: Self-Made Monarch
2202:
2104:
1971:Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula
1696:Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula
1507:Mariano Hugo, Prince of Windisch-Graetz
725:, in 1700. He was succeeded as king by
3073:"Schatz des Ordens vom Goldenen Vlies"
2114:Collar (Spanish and Austrian branches)
1537:Archduke Ferdinand Zvonimir of Austria
1514:Kubrat, Prince of Panagyurishte (2002)
1498:Archduke Joseph of Austria (born 1960)
802:There was another crisis in 1833 when
514:Et aux bons gloire et haulte renommée.
508:Non point pour jeu ne pour esbatement,
52:
3330:Kereszténydemokrata Néppårt - kdnp.hu
2419:. Antiquesatoz.com. September 8, 1953
1489:Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein
1118:Armorial of the Spanish Golden Fleece
806:became Queen of Spain in defiance of
530:Not for amusement nor for recreation,
7:
2185:List of knights of the Golden Fleece
1041:, Princess of the Netherlands (1985)
797:Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand
315:, brother of the Holy Roman Emperor
46:Order of the Golden Fleece (Georgia)
2532:. British Museum. February 22, 1994
2312:MĂ©ndez, Daniel (18 February 2012).
512:Loenge Ă Dieu trestout premiĂšrement
399:(on the occasion of his wedding to
1479:Archduke Carl Christian of Austria
1257:, with the insigna around the neck
1168:King Emeritus Juan Carlos of Spain
1035:, Emperor Emeritus of Japan (1985)
997:wearing the Spanish Fleece in 1773
865:wearing the Spanish Fleece in 1838
694:wearing the Spanish Fleece in 1820
25:
3595:Order of the Slaves of the Virtue
3510:Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
3280:Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels
3268:Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels
3256:Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels
3244:Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels
3232:Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels
3220:Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels
3208:Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels
3196:Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels
3184:Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels
3172:Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels
3160:Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels
1775:Sainte-Waudru's Collegiate Church
1576:Count Gregor Henckel-Donnersmarck
569:that received the dew of Heaven (
44:For a modern Georgian award, see
39:Order of the Three Golden Fleeces
3620:
3609:
3599:
3589:
3566:
3545:
3535:
3525:
3515:
3504:
3494:
3484:
3466:
3437:
3394:The Society of the golden fleece
2107:
1977:(Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor)
1714:Saint-Pierre's Collegiate Church
1634:Saint-Pierre's Collegiate Church
1188:
1181:
1174:
1148:
1141:
1134:
1095:president of the French Republic
642:War of the Burgundian Succession
534:To God, in the very first place,
510:Mais à la fin que soit attribuée
211:
78:
3865:History of Catholicism in Spain
3776:Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
3500:Military Order of Maria Theresa
2225:"Knighthood and Chivalry"
1936:Chapel of the Carmelite Convent
1073:Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
452:, and so became an exclusively
250:Insigne Orden del ToisĂłn de Oro
205:Military Order of Maria Theresa
63:Insigne Ordre de la Toison d'Or
59:Insigne Orden del ToisĂłn de Oro
3615:Order of Love of the Neighbour
3572:Order of Elizabeth and Theresa
2731:A Guide to Diplomatic Practice
2479:Doulton, op. cit., pp. 360â361
2417:"Origins of the Golden Fleece"
2250:Boulton, D'Arcy Jonathan Dacre
1542:Alexander, Margrave of Meissen
1353:November 30 (feast day of St.
1265:Potence or neck collar of the
638:Emperor Maximilian of Habsburg
357:former Tsar Simeon of Bulgaria
1:
3840:1430 establishments in Europe
2494:The Waning of the Middle Ages
2467:The Waning of the Middle Ages
1230:Imperial Coat of Arms of the
739:War of the Spanish Succession
669:Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI
301:War of the Spanish Succession
3806:Leonor, Princess of Asturias
2686:The Franco Regime, 1936-1975
2331:Jean-François de Bourgoing,
1565:Christoph Cardinal Schönborn
1494:Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza
1111:Leonor, Princess of Asturias
1017:abdicated his rights to him.
605:Fadrique EnrĂquez de Velasco
230:Philip III, Duke of Burgundy
152:Philip III, Duke of Burgundy
71:Insignes Ordo Velleris Aurei
30:Not to be confused with the
1467:Archduke Michael of Austria
553:, but because the feats of
448:, was explicitly denied to
429:Jean Le FĂšvre de Saint-Remy
3881:
3835:Order of the Golden Fleece
3788:VĂctor GarcĂa de la Concha
3743:Beatrix of the Netherlands
3678:Order of the Golden Fleece
3490:Order of the Golden Fleece
2975:BoletĂn Oficial del Estado
2958:BoletĂn Oficial del Estado
2915:BoletĂn Oficial del Estado
2898:BoletĂn Oficial del Estado
2881:BoletĂn Oficial del Estado
2864:BoletĂn Oficial del Estado
2847:BoletĂn Oficial del Estado
2830:BoletĂn Oficial del Estado
2813:BoletĂn Oficial del Estado
2796:BoletĂn Oficial del Estado
2779:BoletĂn Oficial del Estado
2762:BoletĂn Oficial del Estado
2745:BoletĂn Oficial del Estado
2160:Sovereign's Neck Insignia
1425:Archduke Karl von Habsburg
1419:Archduke Otto von Habsburg
1365:Grand Masters of the Order
1203:VĂctor GarcĂa de la Concha
1085:VĂctor GarcĂa de la Concha
870:Grand Masters of the Order
829:to him on the occasion of
361:Beatrix of the Netherlands
286:House of Habsburg-Lorraine
98:House of Habsburg-Lorraine
43:
36:
29:
27:Catholic order of chivalry
3815:
3700:
3634:
3605:Order of the Starry Cross
3464:
2551:Ernest Berenguer CebriĂĄ,
2222:Weatherly, Cecil (1911).
2190:Order of the Starry Cross
2121:
1484:King Albert II of Belgium
1474:Archduke Georg of Austria
1453:) of the order since 2000
1267:king of arms to the order
1220:Austrian (Habsburg) order
1027:Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden
379:The order was founded by
210:
77:
3770:Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
3061:Imperial Treasury Vienna
2366:Gibbons, Rachel (2013).
1871:St. Salvator's Cathedral
1795:Grote of Sint-Jacobskerk
1656:St. Donatian's Cathedral
1529:Prince Charles-Louis de
1447:Archduke Karl of Austria
1253:Gala uniform of Emperor
1063:Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
972:Juan, Count of Barcelona
854:in front of their name.
707:Franz Xaver Winterhalter
583:Pretium Laborum Non Vile
258:Orden vom Goldenen Vlies
166:Archduke Karl of Austria
127:Pretium Laborum Non Vile
67:Orden vom Goldenen Vlies
3750:Margrethe II of Denmark
3676:Members of the Spanish
3531:Order of the Iron Crown
3077:Die Wiener Schatzkammer
2530:"Search object details"
2235:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
2165:Neck and Lapel Insignia
1916:St. Rumbold's Cathedral
1816:Philip III of Burgundy
1799:Philip III of Burgundy
1778:Philip III of Burgundy
1759:Philip III of Burgundy
1738:Philip III of Burgundy
1717:Philip III of Burgundy
1700:Philip III of Burgundy
1679:Philip III of Burgundy
1660:Philip III of Burgundy
1618:Sovereign/Grand Master
1524:Michel, Prince of Ligne
1232:Austro-Hungarian Empire
1045:Margrethe II of Denmark
507:
415:. The jester and dwarf
278:King Felipe VI of Spain
109:; 594 years ago
3707:
2439:Buchon, Jean Alexandre
2153:
2144:
2135:
2036:St. Martin's Cathedral
1899:Maximilian of Austria
1878:(regent of the order)
1856:Charles I of Burgundy
1638:Philip III of Burgundy
1441:Franz, Duke of Bavaria
1407:Emperor Franz Joseph I
1269:
1258:
1246:
1235:
1234:with the Golden Fleece
1113:(2015, presented 2018)
1021:Juan Carlos I of Spain
998:
866:
710:
695:
652:
624:
601:Cathedral of Barcelona
588:
582:
539:
519:
494:
483:
466:
388:
257:
249:
237:
132:
126:
3706:
3575:(but male recipients)
3541:Order of Franz Joseph
2728:Satow, Ernest Mason;
2152:
2143:
2134:
2057:Cathedral of Our Lady
2015:Cathedral of Our Lady
1876:Maximilian of Austria
1836:Charles I of Burgundy
1813:Abbey of Saint Bertin
1734:Abbey of Saint Bertin
1599:Chapters of the order
1325:annexation of Austria
1313:Alfonso XIII of Spain
1264:
1252:
1241:
1229:
993:
860:
701:
689:
650:
598:
492:Albert VII of Austria
489:
478:
378:
234:Rogier van der Weyden
228:
143:Currently constituted
3757:Albert II of Belgium
2938:on February 12, 2012
2405:. 1844. p. 610.
2089:Livre du toison d'or
2077:Saint Bavo Cathedral
1957:Philip I of Castile
1939:Philip I of Castile
1895:St. John's Cathedral
1755:Saint Bavo Cathedral
1569:Archbishop of Vienna
1449:(1961) â sovereign (
1317:Charles I of Austria
1288:, is located in the
1163:Princess of Asturias
1101:, 2007â2012 (2011)
1099:Co-Prince of Andorra
1051:Albert II of Belgium
405:united in his person
401:Isabella of Portugal
333:Austrian Netherlands
294:Archbishop of Vienna
274:Isabella of Portugal
107:10 January 1430
3800:Enrique V. Iglesias
2080:Philip II of Spain
2040:Charles I of Spain
2019:Charles I of Spain
1998:Charles I of Spain
1921:Philip I of Castile
1518:Philippe of Belgium
1401:Emperor Ferdinand I
1301:Albert I of Belgium
1208:Enrique V. Iglesias
1105:Enrique V. Iglesias
563:Ballade de FougĂšres
305:Charles II of Spain
290:Christoph Schönborn
264:founded in 1430 in
217:Ribbon of the order
32:Golden Fleece Award
3764:Harald V of Norway
3708:
3626:Order of Elizabeth
3458:Order of the Braid
2716:The New York Times
2684:Stanley G. Payne,
2402:The Anglo American
2355:. 30 January 2018.
2154:
2145:
2136:
2062:Philip II of Spain
1975:Charles I of Spain
1853:St. Paul 's Church
1831:Church of Our Lady
1395:Emperor Francis II
1389:Emperor Leopold II
1371:Emperor Charles VI
1355:Andrew the Apostle
1346:to his elder son,
1270:
1259:
1247:
1236:
1057:Harald V of Norway
1011:Felipe VI of Spain
999:
995:Louis XV of France
867:
863:Pedro II of Brazil
851:His/Her Excellency
785:Duke of Wellington
711:
696:
692:Duke of Wellington
661:Philip II of Spain
653:
625:
623:followed by others
541:The choice of the
495:
484:
480:Baudouin de Lannoy
456:honour during the
389:
238:
162:Felipe VI of Spain
3860:Duchy of Burgundy
3855:House of Habsburg
3822:
3821:
3734:Emperor Emeritus
3643:
3642:
2519:Huizinga 1924:77.
2175:
2174:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2096:
2084:
2083:
1413:Emperor Charles I
1383:Emperor Joseph II
1377:Emperor Francis I
1348:Karl von Habsburg
1344:Otto von Habsburg
1340:House of Habsburg
1329:Max von Hohenberg
1217:
1216:
1213:
1212:
778:Joseph I of Spain
674:Holy Roman Empire
337:Bourbons of Spain
325:Philip of Bourbon
321:House of Habsburg
282:Karl von Habsburg
262:order of chivalry
223:
222:
16:(Redirected from
3872:
3731:of Sweden (1983)
3670:
3663:
3656:
3647:
3624:
3613:
3603:
3593:
3570:
3549:
3539:
3529:
3521:Order of Leopold
3519:
3508:
3498:
3488:
3470:
3442:
3441:
3430:
3423:
3416:
3407:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3322:
3316:
3311:
3305:
3300:
3294:
3289:
3283:
3277:
3271:
3265:
3259:
3253:
3247:
3241:
3235:
3229:
3223:
3217:
3211:
3205:
3199:
3193:
3187:
3181:
3175:
3169:
3163:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3136:
3099:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3069:
3063:
3058:
3052:
3049:
3043:
3039:
3033:
3029:
3023:
3020:
3014:
3011:
3005:
3002:
2996:
2992:Euro Weekly News
2988:
2982:
2980:
2971:
2965:
2963:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2928:
2922:
2920:
2911:
2905:
2903:
2894:
2888:
2886:
2877:
2871:
2869:
2860:
2854:
2852:
2843:
2837:
2835:
2826:
2820:
2818:
2809:
2803:
2801:
2792:
2786:
2784:
2775:
2769:
2767:
2758:
2752:
2750:
2741:
2735:
2726:
2720:
2711:
2705:
2699:Charles Powell,
2696:
2690:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2665:
2659:. Archived from
2658:
2650:
2644:
2641:
2635:
2632:
2626:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2599:
2593:
2590:
2584:
2581:
2575:
2572:
2566:
2563:
2557:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2526:
2520:
2517:
2511:
2504:
2498:
2497:(1924 ), p. 75).
2486:
2480:
2477:
2471:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2343:
2337:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2309:
2303:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2274:
2272:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2227:
2219:
2210:
2207:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2125:Austrian branch
2119:
2111:
2086:
1947:17 December 1505
1890:'s-Hertogenbosch
1746:30 November 1445
1725:30 November 1440
1708:30 November 1436
1687:30 November 1435
1668:30 November 1433
1647:30 November 1432
1626:30 November 1431
1603:
1584:
1563:Grand chaplain:
1192:
1185:
1178:
1152:
1145:
1138:
1131:
1122:
823:Francisco Franco
756:and his brother
747:Duke of Burgundy
735:Archduke Charles
715:Spanish Habsburg
634:Mary of Burgundy
630:Charles the Bold
591:
585:
521:Translated into
516:
471:
397:Duke of Burgundy
385:Isabella of Avis
260:) is a Catholic
215:
135:
129:
117:
115:
110:
96:the Head of the
82:
53:
21:
3880:
3879:
3875:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3825:
3824:
3823:
3818:
3811:
3794:Nicolas Sarkozy
3738:of Japan (1985)
3729:Carl XVI Gustaf
3724:of Spain (1941)
3709:
3698:
3695:of Spain (1981)
3680:
3674:
3644:
3639:
3630:
3619:
3582:
3576:
3574:
3561:
3555:
3514:
3477:
3471:
3462:
3446:
3436:
3434:
3390:
3350:
3345:
3344:
3335:
3333:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3312:
3308:
3301:
3297:
3290:
3286:
3278:
3274:
3266:
3262:
3254:
3250:
3242:
3238:
3230:
3226:
3218:
3214:
3206:
3202:
3194:
3190:
3182:
3178:
3170:
3166:
3158:
3154:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3137:
3102:
3095:
3091:
3081:
3079:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3059:
3055:
3050:
3046:
3040:
3036:
3030:
3026:
3021:
3017:
3012:
3008:
3003:
2999:
2989:
2985:
2978:
2972:
2968:
2961:
2955:
2951:
2941:
2939:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2918:
2912:
2908:
2901:
2895:
2891:
2884:
2878:
2874:
2867:
2861:
2857:
2850:
2844:
2840:
2833:
2827:
2823:
2816:
2810:
2806:
2799:
2793:
2789:
2782:
2776:
2772:
2765:
2759:
2755:
2748:
2742:
2738:
2727:
2723:
2718:, March 9, 1972
2712:
2708:
2697:
2693:
2682:
2678:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2647:
2642:
2638:
2633:
2629:
2624:
2620:
2611:
2609:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2591:
2587:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2569:
2564:
2560:
2549:
2545:
2535:
2533:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2518:
2514:
2505:
2501:
2487:
2483:
2478:
2474:
2470:(1919) 1924:75.
2460:
2456:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2422:
2420:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2329:
2325:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2293:
2289:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2221:
2220:
2213:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2181:
2176:
2122:Spanish branch
2115:
2112:
2102:
2048:26 January 1555
2006:3 December 1531
1930:17 January 1501
1676:Sainte-Chapelle
1601:
1578:
1557:
1434:
1367:
1297:First World War
1290:Vienna Treasury
1222:
1120:
1091:Nicolas Sarkozy
1004:
872:
682:
665:William de CroĂż
607:, the dukes of
538:
535:
533:
531:
518:
513:
511:
509:
393:Philip the Good
381:Philip the Good
373:
359:, and Princess
353:Emperor Akihito
270:Philip the Good
219:
218:
216:
203:
199:
164:
130:
113:
111:
108:
95:
90:Awarded by the
85:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
49:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3878:
3876:
3868:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3827:
3826:
3820:
3819:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3803:
3797:
3791:
3785:
3779:
3773:
3767:
3760:
3753:
3746:
3739:
3732:
3725:
3720:King Emeritus
3717:
3715:
3711:
3710:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3688:
3686:
3682:
3681:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3665:
3658:
3650:
3641:
3640:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3617:
3607:
3597:
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3326:"Semjén Zsolt"
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1079:Javier Solana
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978:Juan Carlos I
976:
973:
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964:
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949:
946:
943:
942:Ferdinand VII
940:
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934:
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828:
827:Infante Jaime
824:
820:
815:
813:
809:
805:
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790:
789:Pope Pius VII
786:
781:
779:
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771:
767:
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759:
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750:
748:
744:
740:
737:, led to the
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
708:
704:
703:Prince Albert
700:
693:
688:
684:
680:Spanish order
679:
677:
675:
670:
666:
662:
658:
655:From Emperor
649:
645:
643:
639:
635:
631:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
599:Choir at the
597:
593:
590:
584:
579:
574:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
551:Nine Worthies
548:
544:
543:Golden Fleece
537:
526:
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517:
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477:
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329:King of Spain
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185:Next (higher)
183:
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167:
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158:Grand Masters
156:
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150:
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92:King of Spain
88:
81:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
54:
51:
47:
40:
33:
19:
3685:Grand Master
3677:
3489:
3334:. Retrieved
3329:
3320:
3309:
3298:
3287:
3279:
3275:
3267:
3263:
3255:
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3239:
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3215:
3207:
3203:
3195:
3191:
3183:
3179:
3171:
3167:
3159:
3155:
3143:. Retrieved
3092:
3080:. Retrieved
3076:
3067:
3056:
3047:
3037:
3027:
3018:
3009:
3000:
2990:
2986:
2979:(in Spanish)
2973:
2969:
2962:(in Spanish)
2956:
2952:
2940:. Retrieved
2936:the original
2926:
2919:(in Spanish)
2913:
2909:
2902:(in Spanish)
2896:
2892:
2885:(in Spanish)
2879:
2875:
2868:(in Spanish)
2862:
2858:
2851:(in Spanish)
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2841:
2834:(in Spanish)
2828:
2824:
2817:(in Spanish)
2811:
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2800:(in Spanish)
2794:
2790:
2783:(in Spanish)
2777:
2773:
2766:(in Spanish)
2760:
2756:
2749:(in Spanish)
2743:
2739:
2730:
2724:
2715:
2709:
2700:
2694:
2685:
2679:
2668:. Retrieved
2661:the original
2648:
2639:
2630:
2621:
2610:. Retrieved
2607:lib.ugent.be
2606:
2597:
2588:
2579:
2570:
2561:
2552:
2546:
2534:. Retrieved
2524:
2515:
2507:
2502:
2492:
2484:
2475:
2465:
2457:
2448:
2443:
2433:
2421:. Retrieved
2411:
2401:
2395:
2383:. Retrieved
2368:
2361:
2350:
2341:
2332:
2326:
2317:
2307:
2290:
2276:
2269:. Retrieved
2254:
2244:
2233:
2205:
2088:
2085:
2071:29 July 1559
1965:October 1516
1849:Valenciennes
1585:(since 2007)
1571:(since 1992)
1548:Zsolt Semjén
1451:grand master
1435:
1352:
1337:
1333:
1321:
1294:
1283:
1271:
1255:Franz Joseph
1223:
1069:, 2001â2005
1005:
966:Alfonso XIII
924:Ferdinand VI
849:
847:
843:Alfonso XIII
839:Infante Juan
816:
801:
782:
751:
712:
683:
654:
626:
575:
562:
540:
529:
520:
505:
500:
496:
462:king of arms
425:king of arms
390:
348:De Bourgoing
345:
298:
241:
239:
193:Next (lower)
70:
66:
62:
58:
50:
3478:(Male head)
2283:instrument.
1907:24 May 1491
1579: [
1421:(1922â2011)
1415:(1916â1922)
1409:(1848â1916)
1403:(1835â1848)
1397:(1792â1835)
1391:(1790â1792)
1385:(1765â1790)
1379:(1740â1765)
1373:(1711â1740)
1359:relic cross
1243:Ferdinand I
980:(1977â2014)
974:(1941â1977)
968:(1886â1941)
962:(1874â1885)
960:Alfonso XII
956:(1870â1873)
950:(1833â1870)
948:Isabella II
944:(1808â1833)
938:(1788â1808)
932:(1759â1788)
930:Charles III
926:(1746â1759)
920:(1724â1746)
914:(1724â1724)
908:(1700â1724)
902:(1665â1700)
896:(1621â1665)
890:(1598â1621)
884:(1556â1598)
878:(1516â1556)
804:Isabella II
766:Louis XVIII
571:Judges 6:37
468:toison d'or
458:Reformation
417:Madame d'Or
413:Switzerland
104:Established
3829:Categories
3348:Literature
3336:2023-06-21
2670:2017-01-16
2612:2020-08-27
2197:References
1951:Middelburg
1886:6 May 1481
1845:2 May 1473
1824:2 May 1468
1810:Saint-Omer
1807:2 May 1461
1786:2 May 1456
1767:2 May 1451
1729:Saint-Omer
1574:Chaplain:
1309:Versailles
1286:True Cross
1015:his father
936:Charles IV
900:Charles II
888:Philip III
793:Protestant
723:Charles II
355:of Japan,
180:Precedence
114:1430-01-10
3741:Princess
3693:Felipe VI
2734:, p. 249.
2318:XLSemanal
2280:Charles V
2271:15 August
1989:Barcelona
1790:The Hague
1555:Officials
1327:in 1938,
1093:, former
984:Felipe VI
894:Philip IV
882:Philip II
876:Charles I
831:his son's
819:Felipe VI
808:Salic Law
770:Ferdinand
657:Charles V
617:Infantado
589:Non Aliud
464:(herald,
442:obsequies
341:Habsburgs
133:Non Aliud
3042:190â195.
2441:(1838).
2179:See also
2100:Insignia
2087:Source:
1968:Brussels
1933:Brussels
1911:Mechelen
1691:Brussels
954:Amadeo I
918:Philip V
906:Philip V
861:Emperor
812:Carlists
774:Napoleon
754:Napoleon
743:Austrian
727:Philip V
659:or King
454:Catholic
450:heretics
409:Flanders
339:and the
317:Joseph I
309:Habsburg
3736:Akihito
3714:Knights
3451:Ancient
3303:Bild.de
3032:(2015).
2385:30 July
2232:(ed.).
2052:Antwerp
2031:Utrecht
2010:Tournai
1615:Temple
1606:Number
1299:, King
1279:Francis
1039:Beatrix
1033:Akihito
912:Louis I
731:Bourbon
609:Cardona
561:in his
547:Colchis
523:English
433:chapter
421:knights
313:Charles
246:Spanish
148:Founder
112: (
3808:(2015)
3802:(2014)
3796:(2011)
3790:(2010)
3784:(2010)
3778:(2007)
3772:(2004)
3766:(1995)
3759:(1994)
3752:(1985)
3748:Queen
3745:(1985)
3581:Empire
3560:Empire
3476:Empire
3377:
3367:
3357:
2942:May 3,
2536:May 3,
2423:May 3,
2376:
2298:
2262:
2093:online
1867:Bruges
1827:Bruges
1651:Bruges
1550:(2022)
1544:(2012)
1533:(2011)
1531:Merode
1526:(2011)
1520:(2008)
1443:(1960)
1305:Allies
1107:(2014)
1087:(2010)
1081:(2010)
1075:(2007)
1059:(1995)
1053:(1994)
1047:(1985)
1029:(1983)
835:Carmen
762:France
758:Joseph
578:collar
567:Gideon
446:canons
371:Origin
266:Bruges
254:German
175:Knight
172:Grades
140:Status
3762:King
3755:King
3727:King
3691:King
2664:(PDF)
2657:(PDF)
2447:[
2228:. In
2074:Ghent
2068:XXIII
1962:XVIII
1750:Ghent
1711:Lille
1672:Dijon
1630:Lille
1612:City
1609:Date
1583:]
719:Spain
613:BĂ©jar
555:Jason
122:Motto
3375:ISBN
3365:ISBN
3355:ISBN
3147:2016
3084:2016
2944:2012
2538:2012
2425:2012
2387:2018
2374:ISBN
2352:COPE
2296:ISBN
2273:2024
2260:ISBN
2045:XXII
1944:XVII
1861:XIII
1771:Mons
1764:VIII
1097:and
729:, a
690:The
621:Alba
619:and
440:and
438:mass
427:was
280:and
240:The
188:None
2024:XXI
1982:XIX
1927:XVI
1883:XIV
1842:XII
1743:VII
1665:III
1307:at
573:).
545:of
472:).
411:to
307:(a
268:by
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2091:,
2003:XX
1904:XV
1821:XI
1783:IX
1722:VI
1684:IV
1644:II
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1567:,
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2427:.
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1705:V
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244:(
236:)
116:)
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41:.
34:.
20:)
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