227:. Historian George C. Rable noted that, "Although the Republicans saw evidence of a massive conspiracy in these outrages, in Louisiana as elsewhere, White terrorists were not organized beyond the local level." An additional aim of the group was to keep Freedmen farm labor from leaving the plantations. Unlike the Ku Klux Klan, which drew much of its membership from lower-class Southerners (primarily Confederate veterans), the White Camelia consisted mainly of upper-class Southerners, including physicians, landowners, newspaper editors, and officers. They were also usually Confederate veterans, the upper part of
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wrote, " WHILE THE ACTIVITIES of the KGC might have fanned post-war flames, two other
Southern secret societies employed outright terror and violence to stoke the fire. Both the Ku Klux Klan and the Knights of the White Camellia resolved to reverse the changes that were imposed on the South and
212:") "produced a reign of terror among the state's black population during the summer and fall of 1868." The estimated death toll of their terror campaign may have been as large as 1,800 people, with an even larger number being wounded by them. The double murder of pro-Republican Judge
200:, to resist the social and political encroachment of the so-called carpetbaggers, and to restore White control of the government". Historian Nicholas Lemann calls the Knights the leading terrorist organization in Louisiana. Their tactics, (which included "
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or similar paramilitary organizations that organized in the mid-1870s. By 1870, the original
Knights of the White Camelia had mostly ceased to exist. Among its members was Louisiana Judge
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was describing himself as the "national commander of the
Knights of the White Camellia". In the 1990s, a Ku Klux Klan group which was based in
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279:. Ever since the return of the White Camelia name, so-called "White Camelia" (sometimes spelled Kamelia) Klan groups have also emerged in
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James G. Dauphine, "The
Knights of the White Camelia and the Election of 1868: Louisiana's White Terrorists; A Benighting Legacy",
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George C. Rable, "But There Was No Peace: The Role of
Violence in the Politics of Reconstruction", 2007 edition, p. 75.
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society. It began to decline, despite a convention in 1869. The more aggressive people joined the
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return
Southern society to its prewar order, especially when it came to White supremacy."
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Similarly, author Beth
Rowland in an article titled, "Home Grown Terrorists " at
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Nicholas Lemann, "Redemption: The Last Battle of the Civil War", 2006, p. 25.
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Christopher Long, "KNIGHTS OF THE WHITE CAMELLIA", Handbook of Texas Online
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Christopher Long, "KNIGHTS OF THE WHITE CAMELLIA", Handbook of Texas Online
192:. Author Christopher Long stated, "Its members were pledged to support the
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351:. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 942.
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Louisiana
History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association
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in the late 19th century. Similar to and associated with the
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The
Knights of the White Camelia (named apparently for the
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Chapters primarily existed in the southern part of the
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http://www.historynet.com/home-grown-terrorists.htm
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400:, Vol. 30, No. 2 (Spring, 1989), pp. 173-190.
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416:(2nd ed.). Facts on File. p. 75.
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271:adopted the name. According to the book
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7:
471:. United States: The History Press.
413:The Encyclopedia of Unsolved Crimes
177:, a type of flower) was founded by
157:organization that operated in the
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528:Organizations established in 1867
502:Dictionary of Louisiana Biography
496:Dictionary of Louisiana Biography
220:may have been committed by them.
523:Organizations based in Louisiana
335:Fleming, Walter Lynwood (1911).
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165:, it opposed freedmen's rights.
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16:American political organization
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216:and Sheriff Henry H. Pope of
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151:Knights of the White Camelia
22:Knights of the White Camelia
364:, accessed 17 February 2017
194:supremacy of the White race
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533:St. Mary Parish, Louisiana
518:Ku Klux Klan organizations
504:vol 2, pg. 1-760-805-7018
198:amalgamation of the races
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33:
27:
26:
410:Newton, Michael (1999).
467:DeSantis, John (2016).
457:, accessed 28 June 2010
348:Encyclopædia Britannica
179:Confederate States Army
469:The Thibodaux Massacre
445:Dauphine. (1989). 180.
188:, on May 22, 1867, in
159:Southern United States
43:, the group's founder.
105:U.S. Republican Party
338:"Ku Klux Klan"
305:United States portal
265:George E. Deatherage
190:Franklin, Louisiana
257:reported that the
241:Thibodaux massacre
186:Alcibiades DeBlanc
60:Dates of operation
53:Alcibiades DeBlanc
41:Alcibiades DeBlanc
478:978-1-46713-689-1
423:978-0-8160-7818-9
155:white supremacist
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136:Succeeded by
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101:U.S. Government
81:White supremacy
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259:West Virginian
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163:Ku Klux Klan
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140:White League
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91:Ku Klux Klan
262:anti-Semite
69: 1870
512:Categories
490:References
313:Red Shirts
229:antebellum
225:Deep South
202:harassment
281:Louisiana
251:In 1939,
243:of 1887.
206:floggings
113:scalawags
97:Opponents
291:See also
175:camellia
132:veterans
76:Ideology
345:(ed.).
285:Florida
182:Colonel
169:History
64:1867 –
49:Leaders
475:
420:
247:Legacy
210:murder
87:Allies
341:. In
319:Notes
473:ISBN
418:ISBN
283:and
254:Time
149:The
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327:^
287:.
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66:c.
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