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In contemporary southern Africa, one can also find decorative variations carried by new initiates after returning to their homes. These serve as accessories to the heavily ornamented outfits worn by the young men as a sign of celebration during the weeks following their return, and equally express
272:
that the young man has returned from his initiation, and garners their support and blessings. The molamu is held up while the initiates sing “ditoko”, with the singer's eyes intently focused upon it. The molamu is also used to teach initiates the methods of “ho ya ka lanwa”, which is a historical
169:
and is similar in design to the Zulu iwisa. It was used as a swagger stick or thrown weapon. The induku could also be fashioned into the handle of a fighting axe which, unlike the Zulu, the
Ndebele used as weapons of war. Tsonga clubs were also similar to the Zulu and Ndebele type with spherical
200:
era in South Africa, they were often carried and used by protesters and sometimes by the police opposing them. Knobkerries are still widely carried, especially in rural areas, while in times of peace it serves as a walking-stick, sometimes ornamental. Knobkerries are still commonly carried by
281:
The molamu is also used to bind empowering medicines, or moriana, to the staff, which affects the “seriti” which is the character or spirit of the owner. It is also a visual indicator of one's transition to adulthood, and maintains spiritual significance in
Sesotho society.
74:. Typically they have a large knob at one end and can be used for clubbing an enemy's head. For the various peoples who use them, they often have marked cultural significance. Being able to carry the knobkerrie has also had a political dimension, especially in
170:
heads but variants with more elongated oval heads were also used in what is now
Mozambique. The Sotho under Mosheshe did not adopt Zulu style weapons and tactics and so unlike the Zulus it was regarded as an important weapon of war.
290:
Following an initiate's public introduction as a functioning member of
Basotho adult society the molamu is typically stored in the ceiling of one's home, and represents the physical presence of the unseen.
252:
A molamu symbolises authority and power, and represents a readiness to separate an enemy from a friend. The molamu is symbolically used to break, to protect, to judge and to rectify social injustices.
394:
382:
240:
Known as molamu or thoka, it is a stick and can be a walking stick or alternatively, it can be used as a weapon. The molamu is a stick that is made from the
Mohlware tree
264:
seana marena, and are visual expressions of both practical and esoteric
Sesotho ideals. Molamu is a sign of manhood, all male initiates carry it upon their return from
114:. The name has been extended to similar weapons used by the native peoples of Australia, the Pacific islands, and other places, and was also used in the British army.
911:
Riep, David
Matthew Merkel. "House of the Crocodile: south Sotho art and history in southern Africa." PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) thesis, University of Iowa, 2011.
898:
Riep, David
Matthew Merkel. "House of the Crocodile: south Sotho art and history in southern Africa." PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) thesis, University of Iowa, 2011.
763:
158:
viewed iwisa as traditional weapons and lobbied for the right to carry such weapons in public. However, many sources emphasise the historical use of the
988:
615:
Canada in the Great World War: an authentic account of the military history of Canada from the earliest days to the close of the war of the nations
809:
320:
563:
681:
497:
142:
The iwisa was not typically used in combat – though they were occasionally used as thrown weapons in place of the throwing spear or
268:. The molamu is traditionally passed down from one generation to another as men go through initiation. It is used to declare to
225:
538:
130:
Knobkerries were an indispensable weapon of war both in Africa and abroad. In Africa, the weapon found particular use among
981:
205:
1242:
209:
204:
Knobkerries commonly feature on national and other symbols in
Southern Africa. In South Africa they feature on the
122:
369:
332:
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599:
MacDonald, James (1891) "Manners, Customs, Superstitions, and
Religions of South African Tribes" in
603:, Vol. 20 (1891), Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, pp. 113-140, p. 114
377:
915:. Futhwa, Fezekile. "Setho: Afrikan Thought and Belief System. Nalane ka Fezekile Futhwa, May 2011
902:. Futhwa, Fezekile. "Setho: Afrikan Thought and Belief System. Nalane ka Fezekile Futhwa, May 2011
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764:"'We don't have water, we don't have houses, we have nothing' – Vredenburg protester"
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147:
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63:
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by Mark Zygadlo, a black knobkerry is carried by a "fearsome dwarf" in Chapter 4.
1029:
178:
174:
135:
35:
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the celebration of newly gained adulthood, drawing attention to the initiates.
30:
1164:
1116:
417:
357:
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in close-combat, where it was used to deliver blows, and also in executions.
632:
A "Temporary gentleman" in France; home letters from an officer at the front
389:
312:
197:
87:
59:
17:
955:
884:
224:
and royal standards of Lesotho since its independence in 1966, and on the
1100:
1009:
601:
The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
498:"knobkerrie | Definition of knobkerrie in English by Oxford Dictionaries"
392:'s boutique was named Knobkerry, referencing the protagonist's weapon in
912:
899:
868:"Insights into translation and the original text: Thomas Mofolo's Chaka"
1185:
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1132:
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181:, though their form was often not traditional. The weapon was used in
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which are used to throw at birds and animals in the bush to kill them
269:
260:
The molamu is an indicator of one's adult male status along with the
229:
208:, though lying down symbolising peace. They are also depicted on the
937:(1992). University of Natal. Dept. of History. Durban: South Africa.
588:
Kingdom in Crisis: The Zulu Response to the British Invasion of 1879
1211:
1085:
721:. Department of Justice and Constitutional Development. 1998-07-06
700:. Department of Justice and Constitutional Development. 1999-02-01
121:
1034:
812:. The Presidency of the Republic of South Africa. Archived from
409:, keeps a knobkerrie behind the bar to deal with unruly patrons.
970:
564:"Buthelezi says Zulus would continue carrying cultural weapons"
244:. It is a fighting stick carried by men and boys from puberty.
154:
containers. In the 20th century, the Zulu nationalist movement
27:
Form of wooden club, usually having a large knob at one end
842:"Visual Symbols of Self: South Sotho Arts and Initiation"
304:
Knobkerries were among many weapons used by the Zulus on
395:
The Adventures of the Black Girl in Her Search for God
383:
The Adventures of the Black Girl in Her Search for God
647:"Trench Club and Knobkerrie and Royal Engineers Type"
740:"Protesters attack mayor with knobkierie | IOL News"
1194:
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1125:
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1073:
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228:of the former (nominally independent) republic of
836:
834:
832:
830:
590:, Manchester University Press, Manchester. p. 61
401:Neville, the Flying Swan's part-time barman in
982:
618:. Toronto: United Publishers of Canada. 1918.
8:
997:African traditional weapons and bladed tools
719:"Amnesty Hearing - Victor Mthandeni Mthembu"
698:"Amnesty Hearing - Vlisi Thokozani Manqele"
989:
975:
967:
883:
486:. Pietermaritzburg: Shuter & Shooter.
173:Outside Africa, the British called their
450:, the South African author, in his book
29:
866:Nakin, Moroesi R; Kock, Inie J (2016).
635:. London, New York: Putnam. p. 94.
472:
791:. South African Government Information
483:A guide for the Zulu court interpreter
212:. A knobkerrie appeared on the former
913:https://doi.org/10.17077/etd.0dzbhfvg
900:https://doi.org/10.17077/etd.0dzbhfvg
333:the 2018 version of the Black Panther
7:
524:
522:
444:similar club associated with Ireland
438:a similar club common in East Africa
319:A knobkerrie was the main weapon of
126:A Zulu iwisa with a spherical head.
454:, also refers to these weapons as
193:, his pseudonymous autobiography.
146:. Instead, the Zulu used iwisa as
118:Uses in southern Africa and abroad
25:
935:Journal of Natal and Zulu History
165:The Ndebele variant was known as
150:, ceremonial objects, or even as
954:
420:
674:Memoirs of an Infantry Officer
220:between 1987 and 2006, on the
1:
502:Oxford Dictionaries | English
568:South African History Online
529:Spring, Christopher (1993).
931:. New York: Capstone Press.
672:Sassoon, Siegfried (1930).
1269:
629:Dawson, Alec John (1918).
210:Order of Mendi for Bravery
206:South African Coat of Arms
86:The name derives from the
927:Dougherty, Terri (2008).
360:uses a knobkerrie versus
325:Marvel Cinematic Universe
138:people they are known as
872:Tydskrif vir Letterkunde
533:. British Museum Press.
38:knobkerries (foreground)
1110:Choppers & machetes
944:. London: Osprey Press.
789:"National Coat of Arms"
562:sahoboss (2011-03-16).
531:African arms and armour
62:), is a form of wooden
338:Avengers: Infinity War
127:
39:
1179:Miscellaneous weapons
1142:Pole or spear weapons
885:10.17159/tvl.v.53i2.9
816:on September 15, 2008
676:. Faber & Faber.
273:Sesotho martial art.
236:Uses for Sotho people
125:
33:
1074:Daggers & knives
963:at Wikimedia Commons
940:Knight, Ian (1989).
586:Laband, John (1992)
386:wields a knobkerrie.
370:Lying Down With Dogs
651:Imperial War Museum
452:When the Lion Feeds
378:George Bernard Shaw
376:The protagonist of
177:knobkerries during
134:peoples. Among the
846:University of Iowa
327:'s version of the
189:as relayed in the
128:
40:
1243:Primitive weapons
1220:
1219:
959:Media related to
810:"National Orders"
508:on April 11, 2019
407:Brentford Trilogy
353:Deadliest Warrior
344:Avengers: Endgame
331:, who uses it on
187:Siegfried Sassoon
66:, used mainly in
16:(Redirected from
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1158:Flexible weapons
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191:Sherston trilogy
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362:William Wallace
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849:. Retrieved
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814:the original
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770:. 2018-11-14
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567:
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506:the original
501:
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462:Sotho people
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448:Wilbur Smith
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368:
367:In the book
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226:Coat of Arms
222:Coat of Arms
203:
201:protesters.
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185:by the poet
175:trench clubs
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106:or San word
99:
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76:South Africa
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961:Knobkerries
335:as well as
286:Modern uses
196:During the
179:World War I
18:Knobkierrie
1227:Categories
1165:Knobkierie
1117:Nzappa zap
820:2008-11-27
795:2008-11-27
774:2019-04-11
749:2019-04-11
725:2008-11-27
704:2008-11-27
657:12 January
573:2019-04-11
540:0714125083
512:2019-04-11
468:References
442:Shillelagh
358:Shaka Zulu
256:Initiation
110:, meaning
94:, meaning
56:knopkierie
52:knobkierie
44:knobkerrie
942:The Zulus
549:611561101
390:Sara Penn
313:Zulu Dawn
198:Apartheid
88:Afrikaans
60:Afrikaans
48:knobkerry
1101:Trumbash
1010:Akrafena
851:11 March
414:See also
104:Khoekhoe
102:and the
1195:Shields
1186:Sjambok
1149:Assegai
1096:Sengese
1081:Mambele
1045:Khopesh
1040:Kaskara
1020:Cimpaba
329:Man-Ape
218:Lesotho
156:Inkatha
144:isijula
1207:Glagwa
1065:Takoba
1060:Shotel
1050:Nimcha
1025:Flyssa
1015:Billao
1003:Swords
768:News24
680:
547:
537:
456:kerrie
323:, the
321:M'Baku
270:Badimo
230:Ciskei
167:induku
140:iwisa.
54:, and
1212:Nguba
1170:Rungu
1133:Iklwa
1086:Onzil
1055:Ngulu
653:. IWM
160:iwisa
152:snuff
132:Nguni
108:kirri
90:word
1091:Seme
1035:Ikul
853:2019
678:ISBN
659:2019
545:OCLC
535:ISBN
341:and
310:and
307:Zulu
214:flag
136:Zulu
100:ball
96:knob
92:knop
82:Name
70:and
64:club
36:Zulu
1030:Ida
880:doi
405:'s
350:On
216:of
98:or
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58:(
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