1163:"The findings by Du Mont and colleagues support the view that alcohol plays a major role in drug-facilitated sexual assault. Previously, Weir noted that cases of drug-facilitated sexual assault were frequently found to involve alcohol, marijuana or cocaine, and were less likely to involve drugs, such as flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) and gamma-hydroxybutyrate, that are commonly described as being used in this context. Similar findings have been reported by others, including Hall and colleagues, in a recent retrospective study from Northern Ireland".
1049:
1133:
pounding headache, find blood, semen or dirt on their sheets, and would sometimes discover their extremities had also been bound. Most did not remember the attacks, although a few had vague, fleeting memories of men on top of them. Several men and boys were also suspected of having been raped. While additional actors were thought to have participated, they were never identified nor prosecuted; in fact, the rapes did not stop with the incarceration of the original eight men.
1137:
to subdue their victims, then raping them. Eight of the accused were found guilty of rape, one escaped from the local jail before the end of the trial, and the veterinarian was found guilty of being an accomplice to the rapes. According to at least three residents of the colony, a local prosecutor, and a local journalist, these "ghost rapes" continue despite imprisonment of the men convicted in the 130 original rapes.
1089:, unknown at that time, caused many of the hostages to die. The terrorists were rendered unconscious, but roughly 15% of the 800 people exposed were killed by the gas. The situation was not helped by the fact that the authorities kept the nature of the incapacitating agent secret from doctors trying to treat its victims. At the time, the gas was reported to be an unknown incapacitating agent called "
1224:
1918:
1890:
1772:
1426:
We considered the pros and cons of using incapacitating agents and various other options. As it turned out, we could not imagine a scenario in which any available agent could be pumped into the airliner without the hijackers possibly reacting violently and killing passengers. Ultimately, the standoff
926:
is recorded as part of what was described in a financial accounting of the MKULTRA program as a continuous project on bird survey in special areas. Sampling of native migratory organisms with a focus on birds provided to researchers the natural habitat of disease causing fungus, viruses, and bacteria
1136:
When two of these men were caught in the act of entering one of the women's homes, they implicated friends in the rapes to local authorities. Eventually nine
Manitoba men, ages 19 to 43, were charged with using a spray adapted from an anesthetic by a veterinarian from a neighboring Mennonite colony
974:
mosquitoes as a vector for infectious diseases,” and “the feasibility of a biological attack against an island complex.” "The feasibility of area coverage with adedes aegypti mosquitoes was based on the Avon Park, Florida mosquito trials." Several CIA documents, and a 1975 Congressional committee,
1132:
over a four-year period from 2005 to 2009, by spraying "a chemical used to anesthetize cows" through the victims' open bedroom windows. The perpetrators would then wait for the women to be incapacitated, whereupon they entered the residences to commit the crimes. Later, the women would awaken to a
897:
since the 1950s, an initial focus of US CBW development was the offensive use of diseases, drugs, and substances that could completely incapacitate an enemy for several days with some lesser possibility of death using a variety of chemical, biological, radiological, or toxin agents. The US Army
983:
reveals that the Army's
Chemical Corps and Special Operations and Projects Divisions at Fort Detrick conducted 'tests' similar to the Avon Park experiments but the bulk of the documentation concerning this highly classified and covert work is still held secret by the Pentagon."
1439:(see above) is a real-life instance of deployment of a "knockout gas". Of course, the criterion that the gas reliably render subjects temporarily and harmlessly unconscious was not fulfilled in this case, as the procedure killed about fifteen percent of those subjected to it.
594:
The term "incapacitation," when used in a general sense, is not equivalent to the term "disability" as used in occupational medicine and denotes the inability to perform a task because of a quantifiable physical or mental impairment. In this sense, any of the
954:
A U.S. War
Departments report notes that "in addition to the results of human experimentation much data is available from the Japanese experiments on animals and food crops." German researchers have found that records of the Entomology Institute at the
913:
A study of possible uses of migratory birds in germ warfare was funded through Camp
Detrick for years using the Smithsonian as a cover. Government documents have linked the Smithsonian to the CIA's mind control program known as
863:
One of the most urgent of
Chemical Corps projects in the period 1960 to 1961 was the effort to achieve a standard chemical incapacitating agent. For several years attention had been fixed on the military potentialities of the
1418:. In 1970, Ketchum and his boss were visited by CIA agents for a brainstorming session at his Maryland laboratory. The agents wanted to know if an incapacitating agent (his specialty) could be used to intervene in the
902:(ACSI) authorized operational field testing of LSD in interrogations in the early 1960s. The first field tests were conducted in Europe by an Army Special Purpose Team (SPT) during May to August 1961 in tests known as
967:, the Nazis began studying mosquitoes as an offensive biological warfare vector against humans in 1942. It was generally thought by historians that the Nazis only intended ever to use biological weapons defensively.
1085:, and threatened to blow up the entire theatre if any attempt was made to break the siege. An incapacitating agent was used to disable the terrorists whilst the theatre was stormed by special forces. However,
927:
as well as the established (or potential) vectors for them. The sampling also provided exotic tropical viruses and toxins from the various organisms collected on both land and sea. The studies, including the
999:
that is used to put subjects into a state in which they are not conscious of what is happening around them. Most sleeping gases have undesirable side effects, or are effective at doses that approach
975:
revealed that several locations in
Florida, as well as Avon Park, hosted experiments with mosquito-borne viruses and other biological substances. Formerly top-secret documents related to the CIA's
876:
diseases. A whole range of exotic virus diseases prevalent in tropical areas came within the screening program in 1960–61, with major effort directed at increased first hand knowledge of so-called
939:
crews on
Pacific islands and atolls. The "bird cruises" were subsequently found to be a U.S. Army cover for the prelude to chemical, biological, and entomological warfare experiments related to
882:
Pine Bluff
Arsenal was a rickittsiae and virus production center and biological agents against wheat and rice fields were tested in several locations the southern U.S. as well as in Okinawa.
619:, the term "incapacitating agent" as militarily defined refers to a compound that produces temporary and nonlethal impairment of military performance by virtue of its psychobehavioral or
1069:, or carefully control the dose on a single already sleepy individual. There are reports of thieves spraying sleeping gases on campers, or in train compartments in some parts of Europe.
1155:(DFSA). The most common types of DFSA are those in which a victim ingested drugs willingly for recreational purposes, or had them administered surreptitiously: it is the latter type of
1973:
265:
2105:
Nguyen, Nam Q.; Toscano, Leanne; Lawrence, Matthew; Phan, Vinh-An; Singh, Rajvinder; Bampton, Peter; Fraser, Robert J.; Holloway, Richard H.; Schoeman, Mark N. (2017-02-15).
792:, was assigned the NATO code "BZ" and was weaponized beginning in the 1960s for possible battlefield use. (Although BZ figured prominently in the plot of the 1990 movie,
607:, but they are not considered military incapacitants because the loss of vision does not last long. Although incapacitation may result from physiological changes such as
599:
agents may incapacitate a victim; however, by the military definition of this type of agent, incapacitation refers to impairments that are temporary and nonlethal. Thus,
565:
1512:
2163:
1394:
1700:
2198:
772:, the United States military investigated a wide range of possible nonlethal, psychobehavioral, chemical incapacitating agents to include psychedelic
1081:
There is one documented case of incapacitating agents being used in recent years. In 2002, Chechen terrorists took a large number of hostages in the
1359:
A number of notable fictional characters created in the early 20th century, both villains and heroes, were associated with the use of knockout gas:
2261:
1885:
918:. The CIA were interested in bird migration patterns for CBW research under MKULTRA where, a Subproject 139 designated "Bird Disease Studies" at
591:
agents are primarily intended to kill, but incapacitating agents can also kill if administered in a potent enough dose, or in certain scenarios.
1956:
1737:
1639:
1245:
558:
707:. The use of nonlethal chemicals to render an enemy force incapable of fighting dates back to at least 600 B.C. when Solon's soldiers threw
1977:
1086:
671:
861:
document reads: "Not all viruses have to be lethal ... the objective includes those that act as short-term and long-term incapacitants."
880:(i.e. arthropod borne viruses). The importance of epidemiological studies in connection with this area of endeavor was being emphasized.
851:
2370:
835:
2107:"Portable inhaled methoxyflurane is feasible and safe for colonoscopy in subjects with morbid obesity and/or obstructive sleep apnea"
1790:
2239:
1376:
1315:
1038:
691:
The use of chemicals to induce altered states of mind in an adversary dates back to antiquity and includes the use of plants of the
1296:
1151:
A date rape drug, also called a predator drug, is any drug that can be used as incapacitating agent to assist in the execution of
1268:
551:
2436:
Chemical
Warfare Secrets Almost Forgotten: A Personal Story of Medical Testing of Army Volunteers during the Cold War (1955–1975
843:
1152:
899:
539:
1909:
2458:
1249:
928:
1275:
1507:
1821:""Strictly for the Birds": Science, the Military and the Smithsonian's Pacific Ocean Biological Survey Program, 1963-1970"
1105:
1042:
919:
794:
1611:
734:
territory in North Africa ate dried dates that tribesmen had apparently deliberately contaminated with
Egyptian henbane (
1419:
675:
1886:
Notes for Project SHAD presentation by Jack Alderson given to Institute of Medicine on April 19, 2012 for SHAD II study
1282:
1234:
802:, this agent never saw operational use.) Destruction of American stockpiles of BZ began in 1988 and is now complete.
777:
1253:
1238:
1264:
1014:
956:
890:
789:
451:
1336:
novels, movies and television shows. It is presented in various forms, but generally is supposed to be a gas or
1006:
It is primarily used for major surgeries and to render non-dangerous animals unconscious for research purposes.
979:
prove that the mosquitoes used in Avon Park were the Aedes aegypti type. "A 1978 Pentagon publication, entitled
1861:
1448:
1129:
704:
2295:"Analysis of Clothing and Urine from Moscow Theatre Siege Casualties Reveals Carfentanil and Remifentanil Use"
788:, certain tranquilizers, as well as several glycolate anticholinergics. One of the anticholinergic compounds,
1947:
John Ellis; Courtland Moon (2009). "The US Biological Weapons Program". In Mark Wheelis; Lajos RĂłzsa (eds.).
2325:
Analysis of Clothing and Urine from Moscow Theatre Siege Casualties Reveals Carfentanil and Remifentanil Use
1934:
932:
865:
581:
is a chemical or biological agent which renders a person unable to harm themselves or others, regardless of
1411:
903:
893:
to stun an enemy, capture them alive, or separate friend from foe had been available in locations such as
817:
798:, as the compound responsible for hallucinations and violent deaths in a fictitious American battalion in
646:
620:
138:
128:
426:
2269:
1458:
1436:
1010:
384:
907:
1048:
1104:
analyzed residue from the clothing of three hostages and the urine of one hostage rescued during the
1093:". The Russian Health Minister Yuri Shevchenko later stated that the incapacitating agent used was a
1082:
826:
By 1958 a search of the tropics for venomous animal species in order to isolate and synthesize their
781:
720:
99:
94:
2339:
1463:
1022:
996:
940:
785:
456:
421:
416:
312:
189:
89:
1328:
A fictional form of incapacitating agent, sometimes known as "knockout gas", has been a staple of
1289:
1842:
1533:
1453:
910:, were conducted by an Army Special Purpose Team in the Far East during August to November 1962.
885:
The concept of "humane warfare" with widespread use of incapacitating or deliriant drugs such as
640:
627:
2231:
1584:
1559:
2417:
2366:
2316:
2235:
2171:
2144:
2126:
2087:
2069:
2030:
2012:
1952:
1733:
1727:
1678:
1635:
1200:
858:
749:
716:
711:
roots into streams supplying water to enemy troops, who then developed diarrhea. In 184 B.C.,
696:
666:
518:
59:
1629:
2407:
2399:
2306:
2293:
Timperley, Christopher; Riches, James; Read, Robert; Black, Robin; Cooper, Nicholas (2012).
2134:
2118:
2077:
2061:
2020:
2004:
1832:
1668:
1520:
1407:
1190:
1182:
964:
724:
596:
280:
275:
270:
260:
255:
250:
219:
121:
64:
1913:
1615:
1516:
1341:
1333:
976:
847:
811:
723:
in A.D. 1672 attempted to use belladonna-containing grenades in an assault on the city of
651:
608:
355:
38:
1414:
program, relates a story relevant to the concept of a "knockout gas" in his 2006 memoir,
2412:
2387:
2224:
2139:
2106:
2082:
2049:
2025:
1992:
1862:"Live Ammo: The Pacific Project exposed U.S. sailors to biowarfare and chemical agents"
1385:
1195:
1170:
1146:
1026:
839:
821:
398:
291:
147:
2164:"HOSTAGE DRAMA IN MOSCOW: THE TOXIC AGENT; U.S. Suspects Opiate in Gas In Russia Raid"
2452:
1922:
1894:
1776:
1609:
A Brief History of Chemical and Biological Weapons: Ancient Times to the 19th Century
1353:
1329:
971:
960:
660:
604:
582:
503:
82:
1907:
U.S. War Department, War Crimes Office Report (undated), retrieved: January 17, 2014
1846:
1065:
Possible side effects might not prevent use of sleeping gas by criminals willing to
1906:
1657:"Chemical and biological weapons. Implications for anaesthesia and intensive care†"
1399:
1379:. A military knockout gas called the "Gas of Peace" is an important plot device in
1109:
970:
Project 112 included objectives such as “the feasibility of an offshore release of
948:
936:
769:
753:
616:
600:
508:
493:
483:
411:
368:
133:
1483:
2439:
1380:
1340:
that affords a harmless method of rendering characters quickly and temporarily
1223:
1113:
1101:
944:
831:
757:
199:
170:
110:
52:
2438:), Santa Rosa, CA: ChemBook, Inc, 380 pp. Revised edition (2012), published by
1769:
1977 Senate Hearings on MKULTRA--APPENDIX A. Documents Referring To Subprojects
2065:
2008:
1837:
1820:
1608:
1368:
1364:
1349:
1345:
873:
736:
692:
478:
379:
214:
209:
2175:
2130:
2073:
2016:
846:
and Fort Detrick were studying the properties and biological activity of the
603:
agents are incapacitating because they cause temporary loss of vision due to
2050:"Knock-Out Drugs: Their Prevalence, Modes of Action, and Means of Detection"
1360:
1125:
1090:
1034:
1018:
993:
877:
708:
631:
469:
17:
2421:
2320:
2148:
2122:
2091:
2034:
1682:
1484:"CDC - The Emergency Response Safety and Health Database: Glossary - NIOSH"
1389:. It had become a familiar trope by the 1960s, when it was utilized in the
1356:—that requires a victim to be physically subdued before it can be applied.
1204:
2311:
1673:
1656:
1432:
1094:
1030:
1000:
712:
612:
406:
373:
363:
337:
332:
327:
157:
152:
104:
2403:
1186:
1337:
1156:
1053:
915:
799:
464:
244:
239:
1701:"Florida Dengue Fever Outbreak Leads Back to CIA and Army Experiments"
1128:
community in Bolivia, eight men were convicted of raping 130 women in
1372:
1066:
894:
773:
731:
588:
523:
513:
69:
2294:
1410:, who worked for almost a decade on the U.S. military's top secret
854:
were isolating shellfish toxin and trying to obtain its structure.
730:
In 1881, members of a French railway surveying expedition crossing
1420:
ongoing hijacking of a Tel Aviv aircraft by Palestinian terrorists
1390:
1070:
1047:
869:
868:
of various types. Research on new agents tended to concentrate on
827:
745:
322:
317:
307:
302:
204:
194:
1921:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1893:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1775:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1100:
Scientists at Britain's chemical and biological defense labs at
2199:"New spate of attacks by sleeping gas gang, caravanners warned"
1754:
2226:
Americans Traveling Abroad: What You Should Know Before You Go
1217:
886:
1974:"What happened in the 1950s at Avon Park Air Force Range?"
1937:, February 14, 2014, (English) retrieved February 14, 2014
744:), to devastating effect. In 1908, 200 French soldiers in
822:
Johnston Atoll § Biological warfare test site 1965
2288:
2286:
1756:
Chemical and Biological Warfare America's Hidden Arsenal
2256:
2254:
1628:
James S Ketchum M D; James S. Ketchum (October 2012).
1073:
are sold to detect such attacks and alert the victim.
748:
became delirious and experienced hallucinations after
1159:
that the term "date rape drug" most often refers to.
981:
Biological Warfare: Secret Testing & Volunteers,
2365:(3rd ed.). Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC. p. 70.
1791:"Data shows 50's projects: Germ Testing by the CIA"
1699:Martell, Zoe; Albarelli, H.P. Jr. (July 21, 2010).
1560:"Chapter 10. A Brief History of Biological Weapons"
2223:
1344:without physical contact. This is in contrast to
2162:Miller, Judith; Broad, William J. (2002-10-29).
1108:and found two chemical derivatives of fentanyl,
1759:. New York: Bobbs-Merrill Company. p. 354.
1435:derivatives by Russian authorities in the 2002
1161:
756:use of incapacitating agents internally and in
2048:Madea, Burkhard; MuĂźhoff, Frank (2017-02-15).
1949:Deadly Cultures: Biological Weapons since 1945
1585:"Chapter 21. Introduction to Chemical Weapons"
2442:. Quote is from page 226 of the 2012 edition.
1991:van Aken, Jan; Hammond, Edward (2017-02-15).
1583:Grey, Michael R.; Spaeth, Kenneth R. (2006),
1558:Grey, Michael R.; Spaeth, Kenneth R. (2006),
559:
8:
2434:Ketchum, James S. (2006, 2nd edition 2007),
2305:(9) (published 20 September 2012): 647–656.
1993:"Genetic engineering and biological weapons"
1951:. Harvard University Press. pp. 26–28.
1935:Nazis 'wanted to use mosquitoes as a weapon'
1252:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1052:Picture of a sleeping gas alarm on sale in
922:. An agents purchase of a copy of the book
1694:
1692:
1013:that may be considered sleeping gases are
844:New England Institute for Medical Research
566:
552:
445:
175:
29:
2411:
2310:
2138:
2081:
2024:
1836:
1672:
1631:Chemical Warfare Secrets Almost Forgotten
1591:, New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill Companies
1566:, New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill Companies
1416:Chemical Warfare Secrets Almost Forgotten
1393:comics. A famous example recurs in every
1316:Learn how and when to remove this message
1194:
900:Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence
719:plants to induce disorientation, and the
27:Non-lethal chemical or biological weapon
2333:
2331:
1475:
929:Pacific Ocean Biological Survey Program
852:U.S. Army Chemical Warfare Laboratories
703:, that contain various combinations of
492:
437:
289:
228:
178:
44:
37:
2230:. Frontline Publishers, Inc. p.
2193:
2191:
1860:Rauzon, Mark J. (November 19, 2006).
1726:Sharad S. Chauhan (January 1, 2004).
1509:Medical Aspects of Biological Warfare
630:, a distinction is also made between
7:
1250:adding citations to reliable sources
1175:Canadian Medical Association Journal
906:. The second series of field tests,
672:Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus
750:being poisoned with a related plant
2054:Deutsches Ă„rzteblatt International
1169:Butler B, Welch J (3 March 2009).
836:The College of Medical Evangelists
25:
2388:"Drug-facilitated sexual assault"
2222:Nwanna, Gladson I. (2004-01-01).
1825:Journal of the History of Biology
1732:. APH Publishing. pp. 121–.
1171:"Drug-facilitated sexual assault"
1029:(Penthrane), and the undisclosed
2299:Journal of Analytical Toxicology
1916:
1888:
1789:Richards, Bill (June 17, 1977).
1770:
1222:
752:. More recently, accusations of
2262:"Russia names Moscow siege gas"
1634:. WestBow Press. pp. 14–.
1422:without injuring the hostages.
1153:drug facilitated sexual assault
540:List of chemical warfare agents
1972:Valero, Marc (April 6, 2014).
1661:British Journal of Anaesthesia
1655:White, S. M. (1 August 2002).
931:(POBSP) were conducted by the
857:A Central Intelligence Agency
838:was under contract to isolate
830:was prioritized. For example,
806:US survey and testing programs
693:nightshade family (Solanaceae)
1:
1106:Moscow theater hostage crisis
1043:Moscow theater hostage crisis
920:Pennsylvania State University
2386:Butler, B; Welch, J (2009).
2340:"The Ghost Rapes of Bolivia"
2268:. 2002-10-30. Archived from
2111:Endoscopy International Open
1618:. Retrieved 27 October 2008.
1427:was resolved by other means.
1352:—itself a common element in
676:Staphylococcal enterotoxin B
1589:The Bioterrorism Sourcebook
1564:The Bioterrorism Sourcebook
1406:The U.S. Army psychiatrist
2475:
2363:Practical drug enforcement
2361:Lyman, Michael D. (2006).
1506:Dembek, Zygmunt (editor),
1144:
959:show that under orders of
815:
809:
778:lysergic acid diethylamide
760:were never substantiated.
457:Dimethylheptylpyran (DMHP)
2246:examples of sleeping gas.
2066:10.3238/arztebl.2009.0341
2009:10.1038/sj.embor.embor860
1912:February 3, 2004, at the
1397:of the British TV series
957:Dachau concentration camp
924:Birds of Britain, Europe,
790:3-quinuclidinyl benzilate
705:anticholinergic alkaloids
100:Phenyldichloroarsine (PD)
95:Methyldichloroarsine (MD)
2338:Jean Friedman-Rudovsky.
1819:MacLeod, Roy M. (2001).
1449:Demoralization (warfare)
1087:the incapacitating agent
90:Ethyldichloroarsine (ED)
1838:10.1023/A:1010371321083
1753:Hersh, Seymour (1967).
1534:"Incapacitating Agents"
933:Smithsonian Institution
427:Diphenylamincyanoarsine
2123:10.1055/s-0034-1392366
1538:www.globalsecurity.org
1431:Arguably, the use of
1429:
1412:psychochemical warfare
1265:"Incapacitating agent"
1211:
1057:
818:Psychochemical warfare
647:Francisella tularensis
60:Cyanogen chloride (CK)
2459:Incapacitating agents
1866:The Los Angeles Times
1459:Psychochemical weapon
1437:Moscow hostage crisis
1424:
1051:
1011:volatile anaesthetics
656:Incapacitating Agents
439:Incapacitating agents
385:Disulfur decafluoride
65:Hydrogen cyanide (AC)
2003:(Suppl 1): S57–S60.
1607:CBWInfo.com (2001).
1246:improve this section
1083:Moscow theatre siege
1077:Moscow theatre siege
1021:vapour (Fluothane),
904:Project THIRD CHANCE
782:tetrahydrocannabinol
579:Incapacitating agent
2404:10.1503/cmaj.090006
1464:Mickey Finn (drugs)
1187:10.1503/cmaj.090006
1023:methyl propyl ether
1009:Examples of modern
997:general anaesthetic
992:Sleeping gas is an
941:Deseret Test Center
494:Riot-control (RCAs)
422:Diphenylcyanoarsine
417:Diphenylchlorarsine
148:Phosgene oxime (CX)
33:Part of a series on
2312:10.1093/jat/bks078
2168:The New York Times
1980:on April 19, 2014.
1729:Biological Weapons
1674:10.1093/bja/aef168
1614:2004-12-05 at the
1519:; Washington, DC:
1515:2021-09-25 at the
1454:Less-lethal weapon
1058:
737:Hyoscyamus muticus
641:Bacillus anthracis
628:biological warfare
1958:978-0-674-04513-2
1739:978-81-7648-732-0
1641:978-1-4772-7589-4
1326:
1325:
1318:
1300:
908:Project DERBY HAT
859:Project Artichoke
834:were studied and
780:(LSD-25) and the
721:Bishop of MĂĽnster
699:Datura stramonium
667:Coxiella burnetii
576:
575:
532:
531:
509:Pepper spray (OC)
369:Chloropicrin (PS)
356:Pulmonary/choking
346:
345:
16:(Redirected from
2466:
2443:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2415:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2335:
2326:
2324:
2314:
2290:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2258:
2249:
2248:
2229:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2195:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2142:
2117:(5): E487–E493.
2102:
2096:
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1976:. Archived from
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1521:Borden Institute
1504:
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1408:James S. Ketchum
1395:opening sequence
1321:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1301:
1299:
1258:
1226:
1218:
1209:
1208:
1198:
965:Heinrich Himmler
881:
764:The 20th century
597:chemical warfare
568:
561:
554:
446:
200:Chlorosarin (GC)
176:
122:Nitrogen mustard
115:
30:
21:
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2197:
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2060:(20): 341–347.
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1517:Wayback Machine
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1216:
1210:
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1130:Manitoba Colony
1122:
1079:
1063:
1035:delivery system
990:
977:Project MKNAOMI
866:psychochemicals
862:
848:Botulinum toxin
824:
814:
812:Project MKUltra
808:
766:
689:
684:
652:Botulinum toxin
609:mucous membrane
572:
528:
488:
474:
433:
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431:
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391:
390:
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380:Diphosgene (DP)
376:
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292:Novichok agents
285:
224:
215:Cyclosarin (GF)
210:Ethylsarin (GE)
173:
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144:
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117:
114:(HD H HT HL HQ)
113:
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85:
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39:Chemical agents
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1831:(2): 315–352.
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1386:Things to Come
1383:'s 1936 movie
1332:detective and
1324:
1323:
1306:September 2023
1230:
1228:
1221:
1215:
1214:"Knockout gas"
1212:
1165:
1147:Date rape drug
1145:Main article:
1142:
1139:
1121:
1120:Bolivian rapes
1118:
1078:
1075:
1062:
1059:
1027:methoxyflurane
989:
986:
850:molecule. The
810:Main article:
807:
804:
795:Jacob's Ladder
765:
762:
695:, such as the
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2272:on 2009-06-07
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2018:
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1923:public domain
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1895:public domain
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1777:public domain
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1705:truth-out.org
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1523:(2007), pg 5.
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1357:
1355:
1354:genre fiction
1351:
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1335:
1331:
1320:
1317:
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1295:
1291:
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1270:
1267: –
1266:
1262:
1261:Find sources:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1231:This section
1229:
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987:
985:
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978:
973:
972:Aedes aegypti
968:
966:
962:
961:Schutzstaffel
958:
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739:
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728:
726:
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718:
715:'s army used
714:
710:
706:
702:
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694:
686:
681:
679:
677:
673:
669:
668:
663:
662:
661:Brucella suis
657:
653:
649:
648:
643:
642:
637:
636:Lethal Agents
633:
629:
624:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
605:blepharospasm
602:
598:
592:
590:
586:
584:
583:consciousness
580:
569:
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562:
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555:
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541:
538:
537:
536:
535:
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520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
504:Xylyl bromide
502:
501:
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498:
495:
491:
485:
482:
480:
477:
476:
471:
468:
466:
463:
462:
458:
455:
453:
452:Agent 15 (BZ)
450:
449:
448:
447:
444:
443:
440:
436:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
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374:Phosgene (CG)
372:
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84:
79:
78:
71:
68:
66:
63:
61:
58:
57:
54:
49:
48:
45:Lethal agents
43:
40:
36:
32:
31:
19:
2435:
2430:
2398:(5): 493–4.
2395:
2391:
2381:
2362:
2356:
2344:. Retrieved
2302:
2298:
2274:. Retrieved
2270:the original
2265:
2245:
2225:
2217:
2206:. Retrieved
2202:
2179:. Retrieved
2167:
2157:
2114:
2110:
2100:
2057:
2053:
2043:
2000:
1997:EMBO Reports
1996:
1986:
1978:the original
1967:
1948:
1942:
1930:
1902:
1881:
1869:. Retrieved
1865:
1855:
1828:
1824:
1814:
1802:. Retrieved
1800:. p. A1
1797:
1784:
1765:
1755:
1748:
1728:
1721:
1709:. Retrieved
1704:
1664:
1660:
1650:
1630:
1623:
1603:
1593:, retrieved
1588:
1578:
1568:, retrieved
1563:
1553:
1541:. Retrieved
1537:
1528:
1508:
1502:
1491:. Retrieved
1487:
1478:
1430:
1425:
1415:
1405:
1400:The Prisoner
1398:
1384:
1358:
1327:
1312:
1303:
1293:
1286:
1279:
1272:
1260:
1244:Please help
1232:
1181:(5): 493–4.
1178:
1174:
1162:
1150:
1135:
1123:
1110:remifentanil
1099:
1097:derivative.
1080:
1064:
1061:Side effects
1037:used by the
1008:
1005:
991:
988:Sleeping gas
980:
969:
963:(SS) leader
953:
949:Project SHAD
937:Project SHAD
923:
912:
884:
856:
842:poison. The
832:snake venoms
825:
793:
770:World War II
767:
741:
735:
729:
698:
697:thornapple (
690:
665:
659:
655:
645:
639:
635:
625:
617:hyperthermia
611:irritation,
601:riot-control
593:
587:
578:
577:
484:Sleeping gas
438:
412:Chloropicrin
290:
229:
179:
105:Lewisite (L)
18:Knockout gas
2440:AuthorHouse
1804:January 20,
1707:. Truth-Out
1488:www.cdc.gov
1403:(1967–68).
1381:H. G. Wells
1377:The Avenger
1348:, a liquid
1342:unconscious
1114:carfentanil
1102:Porton Down
1033:derivative
1025:(Neothyl),
994:oneirogenic
945:Project 112
878:arboviruses
874:rickettsial
840:puffer fish
784:derivative
758:Afghanistan
742:H. falezlez
111:Mustard gas
70:Arsine (SA)
2342:. VICE.com
2276:2012-12-11
2208:2017-02-15
2181:2017-02-15
1595:2021-01-20
1570:2021-01-20
1493:2017-02-15
1470:References
1369:Doc Savage
1365:Dr. Mabuse
1350:anesthetic
1346:chloroform
1276:newspapers
1141:Rape drugs
816:See also:
768:Following
717:belladonna
687:Early uses
632:bio-agents
479:PAVA spray
205:Soman (GD)
195:Sarin (GB)
190:Tabun (GA)
2346:23 August
2176:0362-4331
2131:2364-3722
2074:1866-0452
2017:1469-221X
1361:Fu Manchu
1233:does not
1126:Mennonite
1091:Kolokol-1
1019:halothane
725:Groningen
709:hellebore
623:effects.
519:CN (mace)
470:Kolokol-1
2453:Category
2422:19255067
2321:23002178
2149:26528506
2092:19547737
2035:12789409
1910:Archived
1847:90838207
1711:April 4,
1683:12378672
1612:Archived
1513:Archived
1443:See also
1433:fentanyl
1205:19255067
1166:—
1095:fentanyl
1031:fentanyl
1001:toxicity
891:Agent BZ
776:such as
713:Hannibal
613:diarrhea
407:Adamsite
399:Vomiting
364:Chlorine
338:C01-A042
333:C01-A039
328:C01-A035
230:V-agents
180:G-agents
158:C01-A039
153:C01-A035
2413:2645469
2140:4612230
2083:2689633
2026:1326447
1338:aerosol
1290:scholar
1254:removed
1239:sources
1196:2645469
1157:assault
1054:Finland
1041:in the
916:MKULTRA
800:Vietnam
774:indoles
682:History
658:(e.g.,
638:(e.g.,
465:EA-3167
245:V-sub x
240:EA-3148
83:Blister
2420:
2410:
2369:
2319:
2238:
2174:
2147:
2137:
2129:
2090:
2080:
2072:
2033:
2023:
2015:
1955:
1871:May 7,
1845:
1736:
1681:
1638:
1375:, and
1373:Batman
1292:
1285:
1278:
1271:
1263:
1203:
1193:
1071:Alarms
1067:murder
947:, and
895:Berlin
828:toxins
754:Soviet
732:Tuareg
589:Lethal
247:/GD-7,
1843:S2CID
1794:(PDF)
1543:5 May
1391:X-Men
1297:JSTOR
1283:books
1124:In a
870:viral
746:Hanoi
740:, or
654:) or
615:, or
323:A-262
318:A-242
313:A-234
308:A-232
303:A-230
171:Nerve
53:Blood
2418:PMID
2392:CMAJ
2367:ISBN
2348:2013
2317:PMID
2236:ISBN
2172:ISSN
2145:PMID
2127:ISSN
2088:PMID
2070:ISSN
2031:PMID
2013:ISSN
1953:ISBN
1873:2013
1806:2014
1734:ISBN
1713:2015
1679:PMID
1636:ISBN
1545:2022
1330:pulp
1269:news
1237:any
1235:cite
1201:PMID
1112:and
935:and
872:and
820:and
786:DMHP
2408:PMC
2400:doi
2396:180
2307:doi
2266:CNN
2135:PMC
2119:doi
2078:PMC
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