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to each village, four principal clans, and has divided the Sierra Nevada into four sections. Following this concept, the Kogi have structured the ceremonial houses and sacred offering sites into four quadrants. In the ceremonial house, a line is drawn down the middle of a circle, which divides the men into a left side where men "know more", and a complementary right side of men who "know less".
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tribe, death is not viewed as a tragic event but as a "fulfillment of life". The burial process usually lasts approximately two hours and is performed without prayers and chants. To an outside viewer, the ritual might seem simple or without depth for such a spiritual tribe. However, these funerary customs have philosophic concepts and deeper meanings beyond the dimension of the western world.
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man/woman, male/female, heat/cold, light/dark, and right/left. Each of these groupings are complementary opposites. Within each pair, one cannot survive without the other. In the case of good(right)/evil(left), the Kogi believe committing a sin once in a while serves as a justification for the existence of good. These natural opposites are a way to keep the society balanced or "in agreement" (
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254:. The Tairona were an advanced civilization which built many stone structures and pathways in the jungles. They made many gold objects which they would hang from trees and around their necks. They lived similarly to modern-day Kogi. Before the Spanish conquistadors arrived, the Tairona were forced to move into the highlands when the
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The Kogi soon realized that their warning had not been heeded by
Younger Brother, and instead, as they had predicted, many catastrophes occurred and the natural world continued to be devastated even more rapidly. 20 years later, they contacted the same filmmaker to give one final message. They made a
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came and also began to influence their way of life, building chapels and churches amidst their villages to train and convert the locals. In the years since, the Kogi have remained in their home in the mountains, which allows them to escape the worst effects of colonisation and aids them in preserving
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Kogi men and women alike have simple modes of dress. Women pick, card, and spin wool and cotton; men weave it into cloth. Men's clothing consists of a tunic and simple pants tied with a string at the waist. Women's clothing consists of a single length of cloth wrapped around their bodies as a dress.
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The dead not only consist of ancestors, but also mythical beings of the masters of plants and animals. Eating this offering has a close relationship with sexual intercourse. The food symbolizes male semen and also the fertilization of the supernatural being, and thus serves to multiply the offering.
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and the Center. This fixed system of points resembles an egg, and is formulated into nine stages/layers of development. Mother
Goddess, the creator of the universe and humankind, created the cosmic egg. The horizontal layers of the egg are divided into two sections of four worlds with humankind (the
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believe they support the balance of harmony and creativity in the world. It is also in this realm that the essence of agriculture is nurtured: seeds are blessed in Aluna before being planted, to ensure they grow successfully; marriage is blessed to ensure fertility; and ceremonies are offered to the
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Kogi men and women all carry traditional bags across their shoulders. Only women are allowed to weave the bags. Many of the things carried inside a bag are secret and known only to the owner. Bags carried by Mamos contain sacred traditional objects. When two Kogi men meet, the customary greeting is
383:
The two hemispheres are then divided into four segments: North/South/East/West. Within these four points of reference, the Kogi have associated the orientation of their religious framework into South/East as good/light and North/West as evil/dark. This cosmic structure has influenced four entrances
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to ensure fruitful communities. Marriages are not forced, and the buying or selling of women is not permitted, although women as young as 14 marry and bear children. The Kogi do not allow the mistreatment of women, and it is not uncommon to find marriages that were not arranged, but the Kogi also
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The Mamos participate in various rituals to celebrate the individual's life cycle from birth to death. These ceremonies include offerings, dances, and other ritual affairs. Although every life cycle is celebrated, emphasis on burial customs has been of much importance to the Kogi people. In this
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The Kogi base their lifestyles on their belief in "Aluna" or "The Great Mother," their creator figure, who they believe is the force behind nature. The Kogi understand the Earth to be a living being, and see humanity as its "children." They say that our actions of exploitation, devastation, and
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many things are discussed and decisions are made. Divination and concentration also occur in these temples. Women are not allowed because the Kogi believe that women are more connected to the Great Mother and have no need of entering the temple. There are also women priests in the villages.
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Traditional Kogi religion is closely related to the structure of the cosmos that exists in dualistic expressions. The sun separates the universe into two hemispheres: the east/west and consequently a right/left. The Kogi use this dualistic notion to elaborate on a number of earthly divides:
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have remained isolated from the rest of the world. In order to preserve their traditional way of life, they rarely interact with the modern world or with outside civilization. Outsiders are not allowed in their ancestral lands. Only men may interact with outsiders.
504:("lime"), a powder of heated and crushed shells. The men also continuously chew coca leaves, a tradition followed by many indigenous tribes to connect them to the natural world. As they chew the leaves, they suck on the lime powder in their
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are tribal priests, highly respected in Kogi society, and are not shamans or curers. To assume this role, Mamos undergo strict training. It begins when selected boys are taken at birth and put in a dark cave until age 9. In the cave, elder
290:. They believe that this mountain is "The Heart of the World" and they are the "Elder Brothers" who care for it. They also say that the outside civilization is the "Younger Brothers" who were sent away from The Heart of the World long ago.
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Common crops of trade are sugar and coffee. Much of the sugar is turned into "panela," a type of
Colombian hardened brown sugar. The women do most of the planting of the vegetables, but farming is a responsibility of the whole family.
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Differences between women and men in the Kogi culture are very important; they have specific roles that are fundamental to their traditions. This image shows their clothes and the typical objects that they use in their common daily
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5th layer) residing in the center. The cosmic egg also represents the uterus of Mother
Goddess and the Sierra Nevada. Because of this, the Kogi have built the structure of the ceremonial house as a replica of the cosmos.
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The four lines separating the four quadrants meet in the center, creating a fifth dimension to the cosmic universe. The central point holds great significance to the Kogi. It represents the center of the universe, the
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The Kogi live in a series of villages, called
Kuibolos, containing circular huts made of stone, mud, and palm leaves. Men live in a separate hut from the women and children. Each village contains a large hut called a
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buries the four sacred offerings and "speaks with god". In the center of the circle, he places a tiny stool upon the spot where he receives and answers questions of the cosmic universe.
367:, where they give a second warning and say that they have chosen to share their secret sciences with Younger Brother so that Younger Brother can help change the world for the better.
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s, which they extract with a stick, and rub the mixture on the gourd with the stick to form a hardened layer or crust. The size of this layer depends on the man's maturity and age.
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The net represents the placenta of the uterus, which is connected by an umbilical cord (rope) that is cut after nine days. This allows the person to be reborn into another world.
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film crew into their isolated mountaintop civilization to hear their message and warning to
Younger Brother. The subsequent messages and warnings were voiced in the documentary
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By rapidly turning the corpse, one becomes invisible and invulnerable to Death. For nine days and nights, the soul wanders on a journey that ends in the rebirth of that soul.
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farming methods; each family tends farms at varying altitudes of the Sierra, producing a variety of crops to satisfy their needs. They also raise cattle on the highlands.
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Verbalization of the cemetery as the "village of Death" and as the "ceremonial house of Death"; verbalization of the burial pit as a "house" and as a "uterus".
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1074:"Learning and adaptation as conservation practices in resilient traditional socio-ecological systems: The Elder Brothers of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta"
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of these items. There is also the normal parallel descent of personal items, including ritual objects which are male property and descend
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For example, if an offering is made to the Mother of Maize, the found constitutes as nourishment and an incentive to procreate more maize.
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The Kogi all wear only pure white clothing. They say that white represents the Great Mother, and therefore the purity of nature.
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615:(Younger Brother) about reckless ecosystem alteration and tomb desecration as a cause of climate change and world destruction.
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and the child's mother care for, feed, train, and teach the child to attune to "Aluna" before the boy enters the outside world.
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Burial rites are an act of "cosmification". When a person dies, the Mamos return him/her back to the uterus of Mother
Goddess.
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say that the balance of the earth's ecology has been suffering due to modern-day devastation of resources by
Younger Brother.
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Like many other indigenous tribes, the Kogi honor a holy mountain which they call "Gonawindua," otherwise known as
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2008. Web. Retrieved 9 September 2011. The article calls the Kogi "swidden farmers," which means "slash-and-burn."
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in turn believe that their work as Elder
Brother is instrumental for prolonging and protecting life on earth.
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Marked emphasis on right and left: position of hands; position of the corpse; left turns and right turns.
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550:, and many of the decisions are based on their wisdom and knowledge. Many Kogi marriages are arranged by
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invaded around 1000 CE. Their new area proved strategic when the
Spanish entered in the 15th century.
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Reichel-Dolmatoff, Gerardo (1976). "Cosmology as Ecological Analysis: A View from the Rainforest".
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Fields, houses, and livestock are passed from mother to daughter and from father to son, which is
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The list below dictates eight components of the burial ritual analyzed by anthropologist
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plundering for resources is weakening "The Great Mother" and leading to our destruction.
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Reichel-Dolmatoff, Gerardo (1978). "The Loom of Life: A Kogi Principle of Integration".
850:"Justin.tv - Link TV - Chat with Alan Ereira, director of 'From the Heart of the World'"
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Flexed position of the corpse, placed in a carrying net, with a rope tied to the hair.
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This placement relates to the sacred points: North/South/East/West/Zenith/Nadir/Center
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various spirits of the natural world before tasks such as harvest and hut building.
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returned to their work in isolation and asked outsiders not to come to their land.
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1034:"Agriculture: Theory, Practise & the Mámas Role," from "Tairona Culture."
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Placing of offerings at the sides, the center and the top of the burial pit.
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In Kogi cosmology, they have added three dimensions to the standard N/S/E/W:
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See the topic, Inheritance patterns, and see the topic, Patterns of descent.
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The Kogi have many distinct traditions. For example, all Kogi men receive a
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Amazonian cosmos;: The sexual and religious symbolism of the Tukano Indians
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National Geographic article on the Indians of the Sierra Nevada Mountains
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670:. Bogotá: Departamento Nacional de Estadística, 16 de septiembre de 2019
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As the person is turned, it creates the movement of the cosmic axis.
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Through deep concentration, symbolic offerings, and divination, the
964:, Complete article about Kogis indigenous. (Updated December 2018.)
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Kogi man on one of the terraces at Ciudad Perdida, Colombia (2017)
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Corpse resting on the left side and with the head pointing east.
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To prevent further ecological catastrophe and destruction, the
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y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos.
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East is the direction of the sun and light of the universe.
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From birth the Kogi attune members of their society called
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902:. Boston/Toronto: Little, Brown and Co. pp. 288–301.
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From the Heart of The World - The Elder Brother's Warning
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Funerary Customs and Religious Symbolism Among the Kogi
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Verbalization of the offerings as "food for the dead".
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s ("sun"), for guidance, healing, and leadership. The
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27:
Indigenous Chibchan ethnic group of northern Colombia
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From the Heart of The World: Elder Brother's Warning
574:. But certain rights, names or associations descend
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392:. During the ceremony, this is the point where the
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250:culture, which flourished before the times of the
201:Kogi woman and child on one of the terraces at
939:The Sacred Mountain of Colombia's Kogi Indians
706:"Tairona Civilization: People & Artifacts"
538:("temple") where only men are allowed. In the
182:, are an indigenous group that resides in the
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962:Kogis Indians of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
695:2005. p. 40. Web. Retrieved 9 September 2011.
597:The Kogi starred in and helped film-director
475:Attitude of "opening" and "closing the home".
8:
213:Kogi mamo at Ciudad Perdida, Colombia (2017)
33:
1182:TEDtalks, Wade Davis on endangered cultures
1058:1969–2011. Web. Retrieved 9 September 2011.
983:Database for Indigenous Cultural Evaluation
555:disapprove of breaking arranged marriages.
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780:, pp. 1–2. Tairona Heritage Trust London.
41:
32:
1140:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
985:. University of Missouri. Archived from
605:, a sequel to the BBC 1990 documentary
355:. After the documentary was filmed, the
341:broke their silence and allowed a small
190:. Their culture has continued since the
941:. Leiden, The Netherlands: E.J. Brill.
651:
246:The Kogi people are descendants of the
371:Cosmology and socio-religious concepts
500:is a small, hollow gourd filled with
7:
1184:, the Kogis at 8 minutes 10 seconds.
590:The Kogi practice agriculture using
63:Regions with significant populations
1132:Reichel-Dolmatoff, Gerardo (1971).
937:Reichel-Dolmatoff, Gerardo (1990).
893:Reichel-Dolmatoff, Gerardo (1974).
749:(the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta).
1236:Ancestry and ethnicity in Colombia
25:
730:"Colombia - THE SPANISH CONQUEST"
661:"Población Indígena de Colombia"
546:All consultations are done with
134:
69:
601:make the 2012 documentary film
266:their traditional way of life.
2051:Indigenous peoples in Colombia
2025:Race and ethnicity in Colombia
1108:Journal of Latin American Lore
799:"REVIVING WATER MÚNEKAŇ MASHA"
760:"Aluna (Ereira, Alan. (2012))"
521:to exchange handfuls of coca.
1:
808:. September 2022. p. 6.
390:Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
184:Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
82:Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
1199:"The Sierra Nevada Indians"
1121:The Huxley Memorial Lecture
1087:(1): 99–109. Archived from
778:The Elder Brothers' Warning
691:Diccionario etnolingüístico
2072:
2010:
1201:. Survival International.
496:when they come of age. A
478:Purification by turning.
425:Gerardo Reichel-Dolmatoff
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40:
1177:Sacred Land Film Project
363:documentary film called
2046:Circum-Caribbean tribes
1056:Survival International.
880:"Sierra Nevada Indians"
1167:Tairona Heritage Trust
1037:Tairona Heritage Trust
776:Ereira, Alan. (2009).
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186:mountains in northern
1081:Revista de Tecnología
747:"centre of the world"
568:bilateral inheritance
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111:Related ethnic groups
47:Kogi men with poporos
976:"Kogi Questionnaire"
288:Pico Cristóbal Colón
2020:Lists of Colombians
1162:Sewaluna Foundation
1072:Gómez, FFG (2013).
860:on 5 September 2012
830:on 12 November 2012
106:Traditional beliefs
37:
1192:2018-04-02 at the
1023:The Elder Brothers
1017:2011-09-27 at the
974:Mahnke, Michelle.
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317:Since the Spanish
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734:countrystudies.us
586:Contemporary Kogi
270:Spiritual beliefs
205:, Colombia (2017)
192:Pre-Columbian era
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16:(Redirected from
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1096:. Retrieved
1089:the original
1084:
1080:
1066:Bibliography
1055:
1052:The Arhuaco"
1046:
1035:
1030:
1022:
1012:Ereira, Alan
1007:
994:. Retrieved
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982:
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914:the original
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613:modern world
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263:missionaries
260:
245:
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171:
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127:
30:Ethnic group
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1462:Pira-tapuya
1272:Awa-Kwaiker
640:Alan Ereira
599:Alan Ereira
174:, meaning "
2040:Categories
1876:Portuguese
1859:Lithuanian
1597:Venezuelan
1244:Indigenous
1147:0226707318
1114:(1): 5–27.
1098:2013-12-09
948:9004092749
923:2013-12-09
909:1592444814
786:0955981611
715:2022-02-16
668:Censo 2018
646:References
488:Traditions
1960:Ukrainian
1830:Hungarian
1811:Mennonite
1585:Argentine
1447:Patángoro
1362:Guambiano
1332:Cocamilla
1327:Chitarero
854:justin.tv
710:study.com
630:Juan Mayr
525:Lifestyle
178:" in the
89:Languages
2015:See also
1888:Romanian
1765:Croatian
1729:Austrian
1687:Japanese
1639:Armenian
1627:Lebanese
1578:Americas
1472:Quimbaya
1392:Kankuamo
1317:Carijona
1312:Carabayo
1282:Barasana
1190:Archived
1015:Archived
635:Taironas
625:Arhuacos
619:See also
226:Language
188:Colombia
101:Religion
77:Colombia
1993:Mestizo
1983:African
1936:Spanish
1924:Slovene
1900:Russian
1854:Italian
1753:British
1741:Belgian
1704:Turkish
1675:Iranian
1651:Chinese
1552:Yarigui
1517:Tinigua
1502:Tariana
1497:Tairona
1487:Sutagao
1482:Siriano
1467:Quechua
1357:Guahibo
1322:Chimila
1267:Arhuaco
1262:Andoque
1257:Andaquí
1252:Achagua
1025:. 1992.
820:"Aluna"
674:28 July
353:YouTube
261:Later,
248:Tairona
242:History
117:Arhuaco
1998:Romani
1988:Jewish
1976:Others
1941:Basque
1871:Polish
1806:German
1801:French
1721:Europe
1692:Korean
1663:Indian
1632:Syrian
1537:Witoto
1522:Tucano
1512:Ticuna
1492:Tahamí
1452:Piaroa
1442:Panche
1432:Nutabe
1417:Muisca
1412:Mokaná
1407:Macuna
1347:Emberá
1297:Calima
1277:Baniwa
1144:
945:
906:
864:31 May
834:31 May
784:
540:nuhue,
506:poporo
498:poporo
494:poporo
401:Zenith
378:yuluka
256:Caribs
176:jaguar
172:Kágaba
166:), or
74:
36:Kágaba
18:Koguis
1967:]
1955:]
1948:Swiss
1931:]
1919:]
1907:]
1895:]
1883:]
1866:]
1849:]
1842:Irish
1837:]
1825:]
1818:Greek
1796:]
1789:Dutch
1784:]
1777:Czech
1772:]
1760:]
1748:]
1736:]
1711:]
1699:]
1682:]
1670:]
1658:]
1646:]
1604:]
1592:]
1557:Yukpa
1547:Yagua
1532:Wayuu
1507:Tegua
1477:Siona
1457:Pijao
1427:Nukak
1402:Lache
1382:Hupda
1367:Guane
1342:Cubeo
1337:Cofán
1307:Cauca
1302:Camsá
1092:(PDF)
1077:(PDF)
996:8 Sep
990:(PDF)
979:(PDF)
917:(PDF)
900:(PDF)
802:(pdf)
664:(PDF)
603:Aluna
552:mamos
548:mamos
536:nuhue
516:life.
405:Nadir
365:Aluna
357:mamos
339:mamos
332:Mamos
328:Mamos
323:mamos
311:mamos
304:mamos
299:mamos
170:, or
168:Cogui
121:Sanha
1622:Arab
1614:Asia
1562:Zenú
1542:Wiwa
1527:U'wa
1437:Paez
1422:Muzo
1397:Kogi
1387:Inga
1377:Hiwi
1372:Guna
1292:Barí
1287:Bora
1142:ISBN
998:2017
943:ISBN
904:ISBN
866:2012
836:2012
782:ISBN
676:2020
502:lima
394:mamo
295:mamo
230:The
163:-gee
130:Kogi
128:The
95:Kogi
34:Kogi
380:).
351:on
343:BBC
161:KOH
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