241:. Further grading of these two types of beans depends on size, moisture content, and purity of bean type. Type I Kona coffee grades are 'Kona Extra Fancy,' 'Kona Fancy,' 'Kona Number 1', 'Kona Select,' and 'Kona Prime.' Type II Kona coffee grades are 'Peaberry Number 1' and 'Peaberry Prime.' Also, a lower grade of coffee, called 'Number 3' (or 'Triple X'), can not legally be labeled as "Kona" but as 'Hawaiian' coffee. Any bean grade below Number 3 is considered 'Offgrade' coffee and can only be labeled generic. Not an official classification grade, but commonly used by Kona coffee farmers, is the 'Estate' grade, which consists of various separate grades except for removing the 'Number 3' and 'Offgrade' beans.
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and Hawaii Coffee
Company. In 2000 the Department of Agriculture of the State of Hawaii registered a "100% Kona Coffee" certification mark with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Administration in regard to this certification mark was handed over by the State Department of Agriculture to the Hawaii Coffee Company, part of Topa Equities Ltd, based in Los Angeles.
63:. It is one of the most expensive coffees in the world. Only coffee from the Kona Districts can be described as "Kona." The weather of sunny mornings, clouds or rain in the afternoon, little wind, and mild nights combined with porous, mineral-rich volcanic soil create favorable coffee-growing conditions. The
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coffee crop, was discovered in Kona coast plantations in
September 2010 by a graduate student of the University of Hawaii. How the tiny beetle got to Kona is unknown, but the size of the infestation indicates it has been going on for a few years. Some growers suspected severe drought conditions had
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In 1993 the Kona Coffee
Council, a regional coffee growers association, tried unsuccessfully to protect the name "Kona Coffee" by trademarking its logo with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. They were opposed by Kona Kai Farms, Inc, Captain Cook Coffee Co., Hawaiian Isles Enterprises,
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Kona coffee blooms in
February and March. Small white flowers known as "Kona snow" cover the tree. Green berries appear in April. By late August, red fruit, called "cherry" because it resembles a cherry, starts to ripen for picking. Each tree, hand-picked several times between August and January,
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The area is characterized by average rainfall (60+ inches per year average), slightly acidic, well-drained volcanic soil, mild temperature swings from day to night (85 degrees day, 60 degrees night average), sunny morning and cloudy afternoons, flowering in the dry season, fruiting during the wet
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Current
Hawaiian law requires blends to state only the percentage of Kona coffee on the label but not any other coffee origins. There is no matching Federal law. Some retailers use terms such as 'Kona Roast' or 'Kona Style.' To be considered authentic Kona coffee (without the word "blend" on the
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or a six-step procedure was required. The price of Kona coffee was expected to rise because the insect has the potential to reduce crop yields up to 90%. In early 2011 the Hawaii State Dept. of
Agriculture allowed the import and application of a concentrated naturally occurring fungus
142:, mainland Americans, and Europeans. There are approximately 800 Kona coffee farms, with an average size of less than 5 acres (2 ha). In 1997, the total Kona coffee area was 2,290 acres (927 ha), and green coffee production was just over two million pounds.
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were among the sellers and producers of 19 brands of coffee allegedly marketed as Kona coffee that were named in the complaint. Several companies agreed to a settlement in March 2021 totaling more than $ 13.1 million to benefit Kona coffee farmers.
210:. The beans are separated from the pulp and placed overnight in a fermentation tank. The fermentation time is about 12 hours at low elevations or 24 at higher elevations. The beans are rinsed and spread to dry on a
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Kona coffee beans are classified by law according to seed. Type I beans consist of two beans per cherry, flat on one side, oval on the other. Type II beans consist of one round bean per cherry, otherwise known as
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Some Kona farms have become successful tourist attractions. Although some roadside stands are allowed with special permits, large gift shops in some areas that are zoned agricultural have met local resistance.
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charges. He was found to have put
Central American coffee into bags with labels indicating it was Kona coffee since 1993. In 2000 Norton pleaded guilty to one count of wire fraud and one count of tax evasion.
260:'Guatemala' variety to produce a plant that naturally resists the pest, still producing a quality coffee product. The combination was named after Edward T. Fukunaga (1910â1984), who was superintendent of the
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In other parts of the
Hawaiian islands, it was grown on large plantations, but the 1899 world coffee market crash caused plantation owners to lease land to their workers. Most were from
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or drying rack. Traditional hoshidanas have a rolling roof to cover the beans in the rain. It takes seven to 14 days to dry beans to an optimal moisture level of between 10 and 13% (by
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222:, a harmful mycotoxin hazardous to human health. From here, the beans are stored as "pergamino" or parchment. The parchment is milled off the green bean before roasting or wholesale.
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damaged many trees in the Kona districts in the 1990s. Symptoms are single or clusters of trees with stunted growth, especially when transplanted. In 2001, rootstock from the
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Because of the rarity and price of Kona coffee, some retailers sell "Kona Blends." These are not a combination of different Kona coffees but a blend of Kona and
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135:. They worked their leased parcels of 5â12 acres (2â5 hectares) as family concerns, producing large, quality crops.
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767:"Kona coffee farmers win fake-bean suit: Cheap coffee had been repackaged as expensive Kona beans for years"
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label), the state of Hawaii's labeling laws require the prominent display of the words "100% Kona Coffee".
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336:. In October 1996, federal officials in San Francisco indicted Kona Kai Farms executive Michael Norton on
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The tradition of family farms continued throughout Kona. The
Japanese-origin families have been joined by
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moved to the area and established Kona Coffee as a recognized brand later in the 19th century. The former
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1007:. Honolulu: College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaiʻi at Manoa.
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680:. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources of the University of Hawaii. October 2001
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on Palani Road, with
Makalei being its most northern section, includes Koloko, goes through
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provides around 15 pounds of cherry, which results in about two pounds of roasted coffee.
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on all green (unroasted) beans leaving the island. Fumigation with a chemical such as
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against some of the largest retailers in the United States on February 27, 2019. The
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In the 1990s, Kona coffee growers sued a company called Kona Kai Farms, based in
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permits a civil action for, among other reasons, "false designation of origin."
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675:"Fukunaga, a Coffee Rootstock Resistant to the Kona Coffee Root-Knot Nematode"
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regulations: 9.0â12.0%). Too much moisture in coffee allows the growth of
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was brought to the Kona district in 1828 by Reverend Samuel Ruggles from
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Goto, Baron (1982). "Ethnic Groups and the Coffee Industry in Hawaii".
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Department of Agriculture | State of Hawaii | Department of Agriculture
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By late November 2010, the Hawaii Department of Agriculture declared a
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species was found resistant to the nematodes. It could be grafted with
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959:"Fungicide not 'silver bullet,' could help against coffee leaf rust"
700:"The Kona coffee you buy from Costco and Walmart? It might be fake"
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162:, ranging from 500 to 3200 feet above sea level. It starts from
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785:"Berkeley Resident Pleads Guilty to Wire Fraud and TaxEvasion"
652:. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources of the
647:"Coffee Decline Caused by the Kona Coffee Root-Knot Nematode"
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892:"Kona coffee quarantined: Processors approve, farmers upset"
1044:"Labeling Law for Hawaii-Grown Roasted and Instant Coffee"
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Samuel Ruggles brought coffee to the Kona District in 1828
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Within 24 hours of picking, the cherry is run through a
920:"Destructive Bug Infests Hawaii's Kona Coffee Fields"
800:"Neighbors' dispute could change Hawai'i ag tourism"
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1030:. Honolulu: Hawaiian Historical Society: 111â124.
818:"Former Mayor Stephen K. Yamashiro (1941-2011)"
418:also has been found and threatens production.
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787:. Business wire press release. July 14, 2000.
8:
728:. United States Patent and Trademark Office.
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726:"United States Patent and Trademark Office"
542:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 123.
511:. Ulukau, the Hawaiian Electronic Library,
194:season, and wind-protected western slopes.
1101:
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1003:Bittenbender, H. C.; V. E. Smith (2004) .
411:) to successfully combat the infestation.
2133:Gustav III of Sweden's coffee experiment
1903:Coffee ceremony of Ethiopia and Eritrea
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67:for coffee in the Hawaiian language is
1187:List of countries by coffee production
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765:Debra Barayuga (September 29, 1999).
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150:The Kona Coffee Belt is a recognized
27:Market name for Hawaiian coffee brand
7:
864:"Fungus holds clue to coffee blight"
628:. hdoa.hawaii.gov. February 26, 2014
569:National Register of Historic Places
539:A cup of aloha: the Kona coffee epic
1050:. Hawaiʻi Department of Agriculture
563:John C. Wright (January 19, 1974).
2082:United States Barista Championship
988:. Honolulu: Watermark Publishing.
957:Grossman, Dakota (13 April 2021).
862:Michael Tsai (December 13, 2010).
382:), the most harmful beetle to the
25:
890:Erin Miller (November 25, 2010).
565:"Greenwell Store nomination form"
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798:Karin Stanton (April 30, 2007).
442:
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268:in the 1950s through the 1970s.
216:Hawaii Department of Agriculture
1069:Kona Coffee Farmers Association
1048:Quality Assurance - Commodities
918:Ben Markus (December 7, 2010).
473:Kona Coffee Living History Farm
295:Kona coffee farmers launched a
231:Kona Coffee Living History Farm
119:Kona Coffee Living History Farm
371:Coffee berry borer infestation
43:) cultivated on the slopes of
1:
1533:Single-serve coffee container
468:Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee
698:Read, Richard (2019-09-15).
571:. U.S. National Park Service
264:'s Kona Research Station in
109:cuttings. English merchant
1024:Hawaiian Journal of History
463:Coffee production in Hawaii
121:have since become museums.
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2087:World Barista Championship
1513:Neapolitan flip coffee pot
513:University of Hawaii Press
367:now used by the industry.
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1139:International Coffee Day
1005:Growing Coffee in Hawaii
869:Honolulu Star-Advertiser
458:List of coffee beverages
111:Henry Nicholas Greenwell
1933:Historical coffeehouses
986:The Hawaiʻi Coffee Book
984:Steiman, Shawn (2008).
51:in the North and South
33:is the market name for
2143:Coffee vending machine
1367:Furan-2-ylmethanethiol
771:Honolulu Star-Bulletin
509:in Hawaiian Dictionary
354:Mayor of Hawaii County
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198:Growing and processing
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1948:Viennese coffee house
1479:Karlsbad coffee maker
925:National Public Radio
623:"Government document"
536:Gerald Kinro (2003).
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128:, brought to work on
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2108:Coffee and doughnuts
1711:Indian filter coffee
1144:Single-origin coffee
654:University of Hawaii
590:The Kona Coffee Belt
334:Berkeley, California
297:class action lawsuit
262:University of Hawaii
244:Infestations of the
182:and extends through
2148:Used coffee grounds
1074:Kona Coffee Council
804:Honolulu Advertiser
387:reduced the fungus
380:Hypothenemus hampei
328:Recent developments
2153:Sustainable coffee
1850:Organization lists
1811:RĂŒdesheimer Kaffee
1591:Café com cheirinho
1180:Sustainable coffee
1175:Shade-grown coffee
609:www.coffee-ota.org
497:Samuel Hoyt Elbert
408:Beauveria bassiana
390:Beauveria bassiana
376:Coffee berry borer
246:root-knot nematode
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174:, and merges with
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84:Kona coffee fruits
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2174:Coffee portal
2092:World Brewers Cup
1716:Ipoh white coffee
1197:Coffee wastewater
1165:Coffee production
1149:Third-wave coffee
995:978-0-9815086-2-7
897:West Hawaii Today
851:on June 16, 2011.
745:Los Angeles Times
705:Los Angeles Times
549:978-0-8248-2678-9
493:Mary Kawena Pukui
357:Stephen Yamashiro
156:Hualalai Mountain
16:(Redirected from
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2214:Coffee varieties
2209:Coffee in Hawaii
2187:Category: Coffee
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1996:Dandelion coffee
1862:Coffee companies
1701:Gassosa al caffĂš
1469:Espresso machine
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229:Old mill at the
168:Hawaii Route 180
164:Hawaii Route 190
146:Kona Coffee Belt
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402:methyl bromide
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329:
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257:Coffea arabica
199:
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90:
87:
53:Kona Districts
40:Coffea arabica
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
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3:
2:
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2138:Canned coffee
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2023:
2017:
2014:
2012:
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1999:
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1994:
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1989:
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1986:Cereal coffee
1984:
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1966:Barley coffee
1964:
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1955:
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1926:
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1923:Coffee palace
1921:
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1893:CaffĂš sospeso
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1831:White Russian
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1681:Frappé coffee
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1581:CĂ phĂȘ sữa ÄĂĄ
1579:
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1576:Black Russian
1574:
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1569:
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1564:
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1561:Beaten coffee
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1543:Coffee drinks
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1405:Brewed coffee
1403:
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1395:Arabic coffee
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1242:Blue Mountain
1240:
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1234:
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1207:Home roasting
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450:Hawaii portal
440:
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436:Coffee portal
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62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
41:
36:
32:
19:
2179:
2165:
2075:Competitions
2061:Tasse à café
1898:Coffee break
1867:Coffeehouses
1857:Bakery cafés
1826:White coffee
1816:Tenom coffee
1721:Irish coffee
1601:Café de olla
1586:Café au lait
1528:Vacuum maker
1496:Coffee syrup
1486:French press
1352:Caffeic acid
1321:
1314:
1300:
1295:Charrieriana
1293:
1261:
1229:
1052:. Retrieved
1047:
1027:
1023:
1004:
985:
963:. Retrieved
952:
941:
929:. Retrieved
923:
913:
901:. Retrieved
895:
885:
875:December 13,
873:. Retrieved
867:
857:
849:the original
839:
828:. Retrieved
826:. 2011-05-25
821:
812:
793:
779:
760:
748:. Retrieved
744:
734:
720:
709:. Retrieved
703:
693:
682:. Retrieved
669:
658:. Retrieved
656:. March 1999
641:
630:. Retrieved
617:
608:
585:
575:December 13,
573:. Retrieved
568:
558:
538:
518:December 13,
516:. Retrieved
508:
502:
501:"lookup of
487:
414:As of 2021,
413:
406:
395:
388:
383:
379:
374:
351:
347:
331:
294:
290:
286:
275:
255:
249:
243:
235:
220:ochratoxin A
211:
205:
201:
192:
149:
137:
123:
103:coffee plant
100:
68:
38:
30:
29:
2128:Coffee wars
1958:Substitutes
1928:Coffeehouse
1741:Kopi tubruk
1706:Iced coffee
1686:Frappuccino
1656:Café Cubano
1646:Coffee milk
1626:CaffĂš mocha
1616:CaffĂš crema
1474:French drip
1442:Drip coffee
1425:Coffeemaker
1382:Preparation
1362:Coffee bean
1267:Maracaturra
961:. Maui News
931:December 8,
903:December 8,
823:Hawaii 24/7
272:Kona blends
154:located on
133:plantations
71:pronounced
31:Kona coffee
2203:Categories
2113:Coffee bag
2032:Coffee cup
1971:Barley tea
1796:Raf coffee
1776:Marocchino
1766:Long black
1736:Kopi luwak
1676:Flat white
1666:Egg coffee
1631:Cappuccino
1606:Café Touba
1518:Percolator
1420:Chorreador
1340:Components
1272:Maragogipe
1158:Production
1129:Fair trade
1054:2009-09-26
830:2011-07-10
711:2019-09-15
684:2009-11-06
660:2009-11-06
632:2020-03-15
479:References
398:quarantine
338:wire fraud
301:Lanham Act
239:peaberries
184:Kealakekua
57:Big Island
2049:Demitasse
1976:Barleycup
1943:Latte art
1938:Kopi tiam
1908:CoffeeCon
1876:Lifestyle
1841:Yuenyeung
1806:Ristretto
1636:Carajillo
1556:Americano
1462:ristretto
1430:Cold brew
1390:AeroPress
1247:Bonifieur
1222:varieties
1124:Economics
1036:10524/432
750:13 August
282:Brazilian
278:Colombian
212:hoshidana
160:Mauna Loa
140:Filipinos
130:sugarcane
107:Brazilian
49:Mauna Loa
2006:Maya nut
1781:Mazagran
1671:Espresso
1551:Affogato
1508:Moka pot
1503:Knockbox
1447:Espresso
1357:Caffeine
1347:Cafestol
1316:Racemosa
1302:Liberica
499:(2003).
422:See also
266:Kainaliu
188:HĆnaunau
180:Kainaliu
172:Holualoa
65:loanword
45:Hualalai
1991:Chicory
1883:Barista
1801:Red eye
1786:Moretta
1651:Cortado
1571:Bicerin
1372:Kahweol
1323:Robusta
1277:Molokai
1252:Bourbon
1237:Benguet
1231:Arabica
1217:Species
1134:History
384:arabica
352:Former
317:Safeway
305:Walmart
152:terroir
89:History
55:of the
2185:
2037:sleeve
2011:Postum
1791:Oliang
1696:Garoto
1452:doppio
1410:Chemex
1400:Jebena
1308:Barako
1287:Sagada
1257:Geisha
1117:Topics
1110:Coffee
1011:
992:
546:
503:coffee
365:emblem
321:Kroger
319:, and
313:Amazon
309:Costco
208:pulper
61:Hawaii
35:coffee
2101:Misc.
2054:spoon
2044:Cezve
2016:Qishr
1771:Lungo
1756:Latte
1726:Karsk
1691:GalĂŁo
1457:lungo
1435:nitro
1415:Cezve
965:2 May
678:(PDF)
650:(PDF)
626:(PDF)
126:Japan
69:kope,
2066:Zarf
2001:Inka
1981:Caro
1731:Kopi
1566:Bica
1329:Sulu
1282:S795
1262:Kona
1219:and
1009:ISBN
990:ISBN
967:2021
933:2010
905:2010
877:2010
752:2021
577:2010
544:ISBN
520:2010
363:and
361:logo
340:and
186:and
158:and
117:and
101:The
47:and
1032:hdl
178:at
59:of
2205::
1046:.
1028:16
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
