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counter-mines dropped at intervals of 38 meters could be exploded almost simultaneously. A counter-mine with a charge of 216 kg of wet pyroxylin could destroy the hull of a neighboring mine from up to 60 meters, and 100 counter-mines could reliably clear a passage 0.5 cables wide and two miles long. Like the "Schultz Trawl", the counter-mine system proposed by von
Schultz was adopted by the Imperial Russian Navy as early as 1903.
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act in the spars, on the top, saling or bowsprit on the move of the vessel under sail, sometimes with significant excitement and scope of the vessel. Makarov was very interested in this work on the move and then personally controlled the ship, either on the front bridge or on the half-deck, exchanging hand signals or voice with a megaphone with the photographer.
811:
725:. There, under the guidance of Alexander Popov, he oversaw the creation of the first ship radio room; in the following year, he extended this project, equipping all the warships of the Baltic Fleet with radio cabins. Similar work took place in parallel on the Pacific squadron in Port Arthur, such that by the beginning of the
732:
In addition, von
Schultz used his gunboat to test a new system for setting counter-mines. He created a novel ignition device to solve the issue of simultaneous detonation of counter-mines without conductors, triggered by the pressure from the explosion of neighboring counter-mines. With this system,
759:
On
January 1, 1904, von Schultz was promoted to a captain of the 2nd rank; shortly thereafter, on January 27, the Russo-Japanese War broke out. Makarov was immediately appointed commander of the Pacific Squadron, with Mikhail Vasiliev von Schultz as senior flag officer and Konstantin Fedorovich von
583:
To take a cinematic picture, Lieutenant
Schultz, who adapted the cinematograph to a tripod from a magnetic device, placed it on the ice at a distance of about four hundred meters from the ship on the beam of the left side of the bow. Light conditions were not particularly favorable. When the cinema
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made her first two Arctic trips, with
Makarov leading the scientific work of the expeditions. Once again, von Schultz took on the role of photographer, in addition to the ordinary duties of a senior officer. He took up filming, too, in what was the first instance of scientific cinematography in the
336:
The name of the officer who took photographs on the ship has completely disappeared from my memory, although I remember his appearance well. He produced great shots with his large, double-stretch bellows and intricate leg system. I remember well how he and his assistants-sailors performed balancing
763:
Makarov set out by train for the Far East on
February 5. Upon his arrival in Port Arthur on February 24, he entrusted von Schultz with organizing the fleet's mine defense. Within a short time, von Schultz created a detachment of minesweepers, which successfully cleared passages for the squadron to
705:
to the mouth of the
Yenisei. However, funding was allocated for only one of the two ocean-going icebreakers Makarov requested, and as a result the expedition was unable to break through the densely packed ice at the northern tip of Novaya Zemlya. This would not be achieved until 1916, when the
553:
for use in minesweeping, which became known as the "Schultz trawl". A system of buoys, braces, and lead weights kept the minesweeper at a given depth, so that it neither floated up during towing nor came into contact with the ocean floor during trawling. This design reduced breakage, increased
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the open sea. Meanwhile, the squadron was equipped with radio communications, radio operators were trained, and procedures for radio communication were organized, with von
Schultz drawing attention to the need for secrecy on the air and the potential for locating enemy radio transmitters.
32:
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While von
Schultz did not excel academically, he attracted attention with displays of skill on training voyages; Krylov's memoirs recount an incident during an artillery salute in honor of the Practical Squadron of
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573:
was completed in early 1899, and on
February 21, she left Great Britain for St. Petersburg, with Mikhail Vasiliev von Schultz as commander and Konstantin Fedorovich von Schultz as senior officer. That summer, the
391:
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as flagship mine officer. On Makarov's instructions, von Schultz worked to develop combat tactics for destroyers operating as part of a squadron, rather than independently as had been the existing practice.
332:
Oceans, taking some measurements as often as every quarter hour around the clock. In addition to his other duties, von Schultz acted as chief photographer for the voyage. Cabin boy N. V. Jenish wrote:
670:
himself. In May 1900, during a lecture by Makarov about the Yermak Arctic expedition, von Schultz was awarded royal gratitude for “indicating views with a magic lantern and cinematography” to the
674:. In September 1900, von Schultz, who had earned widespread respect among his colleagues, was elected by an overwhelming majority as a mine specialist to the Technical Commission of Kronstadt.
268:, in which von Schultz prevented a live shot from being accidentally fired in the direction of the emperor's yacht. On October 1, 1884, von Schultz graduated with the rank of midshipman.
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414:, and on August 30 he was promoted to lieutenant. On October 1, the cruiser left its navigation training exercises in the Baltic Sea, and departed for the Far East as part of the
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This rescue was particularly notable for involving the first practical radio communication session. Radio stations were established on the island of Gogland and the Finnish
777:, was blown up by a mine and instantly went under water. More than 650 people died, including Makarov, Mikhail Vasiliev von Schultz, and Konstantin Fedorovich von Schultz.
289:. As commander of the Practical Squadron of the Baltic Sea, Makarov led pupils at the Naval School on training voyages, and knew many of them personally. Having received
433:, von Schultz spent the next month involved in the rescue operation, which ultimately proved unsuccessful. On November 20, he was promoted to first class mine officer.
440:, Makarov arrived to join the Pacific Squadron with a small unit. In January 1895, Makarov temporarily transferred von Schultz as a senior mine officer to the cruiser
554:
trawling speed, and made it possible to tow a mine to a shallow place where it could be safely detonated. Russia adopted the Schultz trawl in 1898 and used it in the
1207:
771:. In violation of his own orders, he failed to send the minesweeper squad ahead to clear the fairway. As a result, the flagship of the squadron, the battleship
1150:Бочаров А. А. Обнаружение, опознание и похороны останков офицеров, погибших на броненосце «Петропавловск» / Новый часовой, № 15-16, 2004 г.
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returned to St. Petersburg after the failed expedition, and was taken out of Makarov's control. That fall, von Schultz was reassigned to command the
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After graduation, von Schultz spent the summer and fall of 1891 in command of the destroyer No. 68, testing Whitehead self-propelled mines along the
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and, in May 1896, he returned to Kronstadt. Makarov, who had returned some time earlier, had von Schultz appointed to his headquarters aboard the
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396:. On September 1, 1889, von Schultz began his studies in these classes; on September 7, 1890, he graduated as a second class mine officer.
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643:; von Schultz assisted in the preparations, first attempting to raise a radio antenna in a balloon, then installing it on the mast of the
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set sail on August 31, 1886. Makarov's plan was to undertake hydrographic and hydrological studies throughout the Russian waters of the
1197:
958:Обзор преобразований Морского кадетского корпуса с 1852 года с приложением списка выпускных воспитанников 1753—1896 г., С. 300
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403:; that winter, he taught at the Kronstadt Mining School. In the spring of 1892, von Schultz was appointed a mine officer on the
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river. Upon their return to St. Petersburg, Makarov obtained official government approval for his planned ship. Work on the
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316:, in the hope of finding convenient locations for fleet bases. The officers of the crew carried out these studies in the
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from the maritime department, he selected eight midshipmen from the last two graduating classes, among them von Schultz.
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worked to constantly break the ice around the battleship, and to ensure the uninterrupted delivery of goods from
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set off on another Arctic voyage, led by the same chief officers. The route ran from the Baltic, through the
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After graduating the Annenschule, von Schultz followed the example of his older brothers by enrolling in the
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457:. Makarov used the results of von Schultz's investigation to develop the tactics of the squadron during the
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In the summer of 1897, together with von Schultz, Makarov undertook a reconnaissance voyage on the steamer
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was set, the icebreaker moved back half its length, after which there was a given full speed forward ...
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nationwide fame, and made Makarov and his assistants into national heroes, favored by nobles including
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would be key to future naval wars, assigned the most distinguished of his midshipmen to study in the
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1139:Гибель вице-адмирала С. О. Макарова на броненосце «Петропавловск» и миноносца «Страшный»
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Not to be confused with a different Cape Schultz named in 1863 for his father, Fyodor Bogdanovich.
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499:, Makarov developed a detailed technical plan for the first domestic ocean-going icebreaker.
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1102:Флагманские специалисты штаба С. О. Макарова / Цитадель № 3(8), 1998. p. 93-97
901:Голос из прекрасного далёка, или Обыкновенный великий учёный : Веселаго Сергей Петрович
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and his wife Emilia ur. von Voigt (16 January 1832 - 5 May 1889). Upon Fyodor's transfer to
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233:, Konstantin was the third son and sixth of seven children in the family of naval officer
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Nine years later, Japanese divers raised the remains of six people from the wreck of the
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241:, the family settled in house 36 on Sergievskaya Street, where Konstantin studied at the
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as a shorter, independent route to the Far East, an idea which required heavy ocean
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recruited a crew of young initiative officers for a planned circumnavigation on the
446:, instructing him to investigate the effect of Japanese shells on the armor of the
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On March 31, 1904, Makarov hastily withdrew his squadron to go to the aid of the
729:, the vast majority of Russian warships were equipped with radio communications.
784:. According to one of the two official versions, von Schultz was among the six.
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349:, was named Cape Schultz in honor of von Schultz. Afterwards, Makarov published
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throughout the war, von Schultz sailed with him on the first two voyages of the
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558:; afterwards, other fleets adopted the design, and it saw use in both the
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joined in a multi-month effort to remove the coastal defense battleship
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The expedition found some suitable locations in the process of mapping
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971:Макаров на корвете «Витязь» / Военная быль № 65, январь 1964, p. 34-37
252:, which he entered on September 16, 1881. His class there included
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A collage of photos taken by von Schultz during his voyage on the
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191:Константи́н Фёдорович фон Шульц; 12 November 1864 – 13 April 1904
1223:
Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russian), 3rd class
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Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russian), 2nd class
647:. On 24 January 1900, a message was successfully sent between
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Returning from a voyage in the Arctic Ocean in late 1899, the
549:
That same year, Schultz developed and tested a new model of
193:) was a Russian naval captain, known for his service in the
1203:
Russian military personnel killed in the Russo-Japanese War
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began under Makarov's supervision in November 1897, at the
260:, the last of whom became a close friend of von Schultz.
1046:Сборник статей «Синдром Цусимы». Цитадель, Спб, 1997 год.
931:Мои воспоминания : Последние годы в Морском училище"
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At that time, Makarov was interested in developing the
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21:
745:Konstantin von Schultz (left) with his brother
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1213:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 3rd class
479:Schultz and Makarov on the icebreaker "Yermak"
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8:
491:to be feasible. Together with his protégés
464:In July 1895, von Schultz returned to the
31:
18:
760:Schultz as senior flagship mine officer.
197:and his invention of the "Schultz Trawl"
893:
873:
749:(right) at Port Arthur in front of the
256:, S. P. Veselago, A. K. Myakishev, and
807:Medal of the Coronation of Nicholas II
425:ran aground in the Sea of Japan, near
345:in the Sea of Japan. A cape there, in
7:
1208:Captains who went down with the ship
221:when it was sunk by Japanese mines.
214:, and perished alongside him on the
794:Medal of the Reign of Alexander III
1193:20th-century Russian photographers
1116:Морская минная война у Порт-Артура
365:Konstantin Schultz (right) on the
204:A close assistant of vice-admiral
14:
183:Konstantin Fedorovich von Schultz
23:Konstantin Fedorovich von Schultz
16:Russian naval captain (1864–1904)
1228:Officers of the Legion of Honour
848:
351:The Vityaz and the Pacific Ocean
915:, Капитан второго ранга Мякишев
508:. They sailed from the port of
168:Antonina Evgenievna von Schultz
1188:Imperial Russian Navy officers
747:Mikhail Fedorovich von Schultz
497:Mikhail Fedorovich von Schultz
235:Fyodor Bogdanovich von Schultz
1:
1183:People from Petergofsky Uyezd
1083:Долгова С., Кузнецов Н. и др.
381:, Makarov, who believed that
1114:Крестьянинов В. Я.
493:Mikhail Vasiliev von Schultz
353:, an account of the voyage.
64:Saint Petersburg Governorate
712:was launched in Newcastle.
649:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
1244:
1100:Грибовский В. Ю.
25:Константин Фёдорович Шульц
820:Order of Saint Stanislaus
436:A year later, due to the
190:
30:
1198:Naval Cadet Corps alumni
1129:Степан Осипович Макаров.
1010:«„Витязь“ и Тихий океан»
662:These campaigns won the
615:General-Admiral Apraksin
598:General-Admiral Apraksin
377:After the voyage of the
272:Circumnavigation on the
216:Russian battleship
1008:Макаров С. О.
956:Коргуев Н. А.
697:to the northern tip of
618:from the stones of the
438:First Sino-Japanese War
357:Service in the Far East
1032:С. О. Макаров. Часть 1
756:
701:, then on through the
605:
586:
579:fleet. Makarov wrote:
448:Chinese ironclad
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1178:People from Kronstadt
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677:On May 16, 1901, the
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410:under the command of
405:Russian cruiser
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138:Russian gunboat
118:Years of service
112:Imperial Russian Navy
343:Peter the Great Gulf
1019:доступ на Июль 2019
834:Order of Saint Anna
544:Newcastle upon Tyne
540:Armstrong Whitworth
1015:2016-08-17 at the
836:, III Class (1899)
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737:Russo-Japanese War
727:Russo-Japanese War
606:
600:off the island of
556:Russo-Japanese War
485:Northern Sea Route
459:Russo-Japanese War
421:In June 1893, the
387:Naval Mine Classes
375:
306:
195:Russo-Japanese War
151:Russo-Japanese War
37:Konstantin in 1900
755:in February 1904.
564:Second World Wars
250:Naval Cadet Corps
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60:Petergofsky Uyezd
53:November 12, 1864
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861:Legion of Honour
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990:. Retrieved
986:the original
982:"Мыс Шульца"
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939:. Retrieved
935:the original
929:Крылов А. Н.
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678:
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653:Pyotr Rybkin
644:
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604:. 1899–1900.
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176:Photographer
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147:Battles/wars
139:
79:(1904-04-13)
1173:1904 deaths
1168:1864 births
969:Иениш Н. В.
913:Иениш Н. В.
810: [
797: [
706:icebreaker
489:icebreakers
471:Petr Veliky
455:Port Arthur
390: [
243:Annenschule
199:minesweeper
121:1880 – 1904
84:Port Arthur
1162:Categories
1068:2022-07-23
941:2022-07-23
888:References
668:Nikolai II
347:Posyet Bay
318:Baltic Sea
225:Early life
98:Allegiance
49:1864-11-12
769:Strashnyy
709:Svyatogor
691:Greenland
687:Norwegian
279:In 1885,
231:Kronstadt
165:Spouse(s)
56:Kronstadt
1013:Archived
992:April 2,
703:Kara Sea
450:Dingyuan
326:Atlantic
314:Far East
229:Born in
134:Commands
88:Liaoning
655:on the
624:Gogland
602:Gogland
526:Yenisei
518:Barents
330:Pacific
187:Russian
157:†
856:France
853:
816:(1899)
803:(1896)
788:Awards
717:Yermak
693:, and
679:Yermak
664:Yermak
628:Yermak
626:. The
610:Yermak
594:Yermak
576:Yermak
571:Yermak
531:Yermak
423:Vityaz
379:Vityaz
324:, and
310:Vityaz
302:Vityaz
286:Vityaz
274:Vityaz
211:Yermak
153:
108:Branch
868:Notes
814:]
801:]
752:Novik
683:North
657:Kotka
645:Kotka
640:Kotka
632:Reval
622:near
560:First
510:Vardø
466:Rogue
431:Rogue
407:Rogue
394:]
383:mines
369:with
367:Rogue
92:China
994:2017
722:Opyt
715:The
592:The
569:The
562:and
536:U.K.
522:Kara
520:and
495:and
328:and
308:The
140:Opyt
126:Rank
74:Died
43:Born
634:.
542:at
512:in
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