1980:... The Berkeley job control was an interesting hack. For us at BRL the problem was I absolutely detested the C shell syntax. The Korn shell hadn't escaped from AT&T yet, so, I spent time figuring out how that really worked in the C shell (not really well documented), mostly by inspection, and then reimplemented it in the Bourne Shell (we were using the System V source code version for that). I still couldn't get traction at BRL for using the Bourne shell because by that time, tcsh had come out with command line editing. So back to the shell sources I went. By this time, 5R2 had come out so I grabbed the shell source form that. I reworked emacs-ish command line editing into the shell. Subsequently, I had a nice conversation with David Korn at USENIX, being probably at that point the two most familiar with Bourne shell job control internals. I also sat down with the guys writing either bash or the pdksh (can't remember which) and explained all how this work. ... Years later I, had left the BRL, spent three years as a Rutgers administrator and was working for a small startup in Virginia. There was a MIPS workstation there. I was slogging along using ed... Not thinking about it, I attempted to retrieve a backgrounded job by typing "fg." To my surprise the shell printed "Job control not enabled." Hmm, I say. That sounds like my error message. "set -J" I type. "Job control enabled." Hey! This is my shell. Turns out Doug Gwyn put my mods into his "System V on BSD" distribution tape and it had made its way into the Mach code base and so every Mach-derived system ended up with it.
1190:
394:
286:
684:
38:
706:. KornShell is available as part of the AT&T Software Technology (AST) Open Source Software Collection. As KornShell was initially only available through a proprietary license from AT&T, a number of free and open source alternatives were created. These include
843:
in the fall of 2019. That initial release (although fixing several prior stability issues) introduced some minor breakage and compatibility issues. In March 2020, AT&T decided to roll back the community changes, stash them in a branch, and restart from
1487:"This is the AT&T Software Technology ast software download site from AT&T Research. The AT&T AST OpenSource Software Collection provides an overview and Practical Reusable UNIX Software."
1612:
989:
Besides the primary major contributing corporations (listed above), some companies have contributed free resources to the development of KSH. These are listed below (alphabetically ordered):
1968:
1590:
880:
in late 2019. Continuing development of follow-on versions (branches) of KSH have split into different groups starting in 2020 and are not elaborated on below.
876:
For the purposes of the lists below, the main software branch of KSH is defined as the original program, dating from July 1983, up and through the release of
1422:
Instead of inventing a new script language, we built a form entry system by modifying the Bourne shell, adding built-in commands as necessary.
848:, as the changes were too broad and too ksh-focused for the company to absorb into a project in maintenance mode. Bugfix development continues on the
563:, Shell and Utilities, Command Interpreter (IEEE Std 1003.2-1992.) Major differences between KornShell and the traditional Bourne shell include:
1834:
2254:
1325:
2115:
2006:
1947:
1574:
1549:
1522:
1195:
868:
and removal of some broken math functions, but has never been maintained or supported by AT&T (not even on its initial release date).
1144:(SFU) up to version 2.0; according to David Korn, the MKS Korn shell was not fully compatible with KornShell in 1998. In SFU version 3.0
1141:
547:-style line editing modes' code, respectively. KornShell is backward-compatible with the Bourne shell and includes many features of the
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532:
2264:
1445:
1964:
2249:
1101:
1298:
892:
524:
60:
1405:
2041:
1203:
1064:'s variant of KornShell, intended to be maximally portable across operating systems. It was used as the default shell in
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2223:
449:
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137:
1351:
1015:
423:
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817:
760:
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963:
948:
688:
603:
2027:
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source code. Other early contributors were Bell Labs developers Mike Veach and Pat
Sullivan, who wrote the
662:
object methods are called with the object variable name followed (after a dot character) by the method name
703:
482:
373:
260:
237:
228:
1236:
1208:
827:
distribution underwent a less stable fate after the authors left AT&T around 2012 at stable version
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1838:
2244:
2101:
695:
1915:
1329:
204:
393:
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968:
567:
1713:
1165:
in Doug Gwyn's (US Army BRL) System V on BSD package included Ron
Natalie's version of the SVR2
1065:
665:
special object methods are called on: object initialization or assignment, object abandonment (
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2190:
2155:
2140:
2002:
1943:
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715:
599:
698:. In 2000 the source code was released under a license particular to AT&T, but since the
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1937:
1512:
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1240:
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that had both job control and command line editing. This was a contemporary of the original
944:
The following are listed in a roughly ascending chronological order of their contributions:
888:
The following are listed in a roughly ascending chronological order of their contributions:
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544:
477:
368:
216:
167:
683:
2185:
2065:
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2045:
575:
571:
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37:
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2135:
1816:
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285:
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1996:
1435:
1140:'s MKS Korn shell – a proprietary implementation of the KornShell language from
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1089:
1048:
772:
594:
251:
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839:
in 2017 (due to customer requests) and resulted in the eventual initial release of
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beta branch until around 2014. That work was eventually taken up primarily by
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895:(AT&T Bell Laboratories, AT&T Laboratories, and Google; and creator)
528:
176:
2017:
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1148:
replaced the MKS Korn shell with a new POSIX.2-compliant shell as part of
672:
composition and aggregation is available, as well as a form of inheritance
17:
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1695:
1137:
993:
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was released as a "major release for several reasons" such as removal of
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2210:
2150:
1696:"Rewinding this repo and encouraging community · Issue #1466 · att/ast"
1149:
1127:
1119:
1079:
1061:
978:
953:
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659:
variables can be objects with member (sub-)variables and member methods
636:
dynamic extensibility of (dynamically loaded) built-in commands (since
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548:
43:
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at a time when it had not escaped AT&T. This was subsequently the
2180:
998:
973:
861:
745:
1299:"Korn Shell Launcher for Windows Subsystem for Linux « Musings"
493:
898:
733:, Shell and Utilities, Command Interpreter (IEEE Std 1003.2-1992).
1410:
Proceedings of the USENIX 1994 Very High Level
Languages Symposium
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730:
682:
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27:
Bourne shell backward compatible Unix shell created by David Korn
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264:
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1122:
variant that provides several Amiga-specific features, such as
455:
2093:
2016:
David G. Korn; Charles J. Northrup; Jeffery Korn (July 1996).
1434:
Bolsky, Morris I.; Korn, David G. (1989). "Acknowledgements".
1092:
implementation of the KornShell language, forked from OpenBSD
783:
768:
1486:
1108:. In addition to its usage on BSD, this variant has replaced
913:
Matthijs N. Melchior (AT&T Network
Systems International)
143:
1967:. From the TUHS ("The Unix Heritage Society") mailing list.
1895:"Jerry Feldman — USENIX NT/LISA NT conference attendee"
1462:"traditional Bourne shell family / history and development"
582:
features; job control was added to the Bourne Shell in 1989
864:
support, dropping support for binary plugins written for
736:
Some vendors still ship their own versions of the older
649:
variables can have member functions associated with them
535:
on July 14, 1983. The initial development was based on
585:
a choice of three command line editing styles based on
384:
278:
763:. This version also provides shell-level mappings for
1440:. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. pp. xii.
786:
in version 4, with ksh93 being available separately.
702:
release in early 2005 it has been licensed under the
1104:(though not public domain) terms; specifically, the
1177:
that shipped with all the CMU Mach-derived systems.
852:
branch, based on the last stable AT&T release (
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54:
1998:The new KornShell command and programming language
1939:The Korn shell: Unix and Linux programming manual
1565:Casey Cannon; Scott Trent; Carolyn Jones (1999).
872:Primary contributions to the main software branch
1714:"segfault with extended globs · #1464 · att/ast"
1237:"Toronto USENIX Conference Schedule (tentative)"
910:Patrick D. Sullivan (AT&T Bell Laboratories)
1112:on Debian, and is the default shell on Android.
916:Karsten-Fleischer (Omnium Software Engineering)
551:, inspired by the requests of Bell Labs users.
1437:The KornShell Command and Programming Language
1082:'s variant of KornShell, with minimal changes.
2109:
1374:
1372:
1159:, a Unix compatibility package by David Korn.
907:Michael T. Veach (AT&T Bell Laboratories)
831:. The primary authors continued working on a
725:The functionality of the original KornShell,
8:
1768:Note: ksh2020 is not maintained or supported
767:widgets. It was intended as a competitor to
619:process substitution and process redirection
403:
294:
30:
305:Kurtis Rader, Siteshwar Vashisht, community
2116:
2102:
2094:
1942:. Addison-Wesley Professional. p. 4.
1754:"2020.0.0: Stable release of ksh-2020.0.0"
1517:(2 ed.). O'Reilly. pp. viii–ix.
1320:
1318:
402:
392:
293:
284:
36:
29:
1406:"ksh - An Extensible High Level Language"
959:AT&T Laboratories (now AT&T Labs)
1995:Morris I. Bolsky; David G. Korn (1995).
1511:Bill Rosenblatt; Arnold Robbins (2002).
1328:. AT&T Research. n.d. Archived from
1263:
1261:
808:, and the older version is available as
1916:"Windows Services for UNIX Version 3.0"
1541:Desktop KornShell graphical programming
1230:
1228:
1224:
904:Adam Edgar (AT&T Bell Laboratories)
729:, was used as a basis for the standard
414:Martijn Dekker, Johnothan King, hyenias
1965:""Job Control and other terminal fun""
954:AT&T Network Systems International
7:
1835:"5.11. The PDKSH to MKSH transition"
1196:Free and open-source software portal
1126:interoperability. In this tradition
740:variant, sometimes with extensions.
531:in the early 1980s and announced at
1404:Korn, David G. (October 26, 1994),
1142:Microsoft Windows Services for UNIX
652:object-oriented-programming (since
1096:. It was originally developed for
606:operations (only available in the
25:
578:designed after the corresponding
2068: (archived October 21, 2016)
2062:Public Domain Korn shell (pdksh)
2058: (archived November 5, 2015)
2030:from the original on 2015-10-11.
1860:"Aminet - util/Shell/SKsh21.LZH"
1538:Pendergrast, J. Stephen (1995).
1188:
117:93v- / December 24, 2014
1971:from the original on 2024-07-07
1897:. Lists.blu.org. 29 August 1998
1544:. Addison-Wesley. p. 359.
884:Primary individual contributors
646:hierarchically nested variables
320:2020 / October 10, 2019
940:Primary corporate contributors
782:, became the default shell on
759:is distributed as part of the
1:
2255:Free software programmed in C
1569:. Prentice Hall. p. 21.
1204:Comparison of computer shells
625:enhanced expression-oriented
95:93u+ / August 1, 2012
2224:Comparison of command shells
2048: (archived June 5, 2013)
1047:that provides access to the
922:Siteshwar Vashisht (Red Hat)
800:. The default Korn shell is
613:dynamic search for functions
429:1.0.9 / July 2, 2024
1963:Natalie, Ron (2023-01-30).
1268:Guy Harris (Oct 10, 1983).
985:Donated corporate resources
964:Omnium Software Engineering
622:C-language-like expressions
72:; 41 years ago
2281:
949:AT&T Bell Laboratories
761:Common Desktop Environment
2219:
2131:
2018:"The New KornShell—ksh93"
1235:Ron Gomes (Jun 9, 1983).
1155:KornShell is included in
812:. UnixWare also includes
694:KornShell was originally
689:Windows Services for UNIX
604:floating-point arithmetic
444:
418:
335:
309:
132:
84:
35:
2265:Software that uses Meson
2072:MirBSD Korn Shell (mksh)
1781:"ksh 2020.0.0 CHANGELOG"
778:The original KornShell,
751:As "Desktop KornShell" (
559:KornShell complies with
2250:Cross-platform software
1936:Anatole Olczak (2001).
1918:. Technet.microsoft.com
1514:Learning the Korn Shell
804:, which is supplied as
523:which was developed by
2087:i386 General Commands
1874:"David Korn Tells All"
1613:"IBM Knowledge Center"
1591:"IBM Knowledge Center"
1100:and is licensed under
930:Integration consultant
704:Eclipse Public License
691:
687:Korn Shell running on
616:mathematical functions
483:Eclipse Public License
431:; 2 months ago
374:Eclipse Public License
261:Eclipse Public License
229:Eclipse Public License
97:; 12 years ago
2001:. Prentice Hall PTR.
1209:List of Unix commands
686:
610:version of KornShell)
322:; 4 years ago
119:; 9 years ago
1635:"UNIX95 conformance"
1412:, USENIX Association
1033:included as part of
696:proprietary software
2260:Scripting languages
1742:. 17 November 2021.
1678:"ksh2020 changelog"
1380:"MirBSD Korn Shell"
643:reference variables
405:
296:
32:
1823:. 15 October 2021.
1492:. 10 December 2018
1332:on October 1, 2015
1326:"ast-open package"
1060: – a port of
1043: – a fork of
1029: – a fork of
1014:There are several
969:Oracle Corporation
692:
600:associative arrays
225:AT&T KornShell
56:Original author(s)
46:'s default shell,
2232:
2231:
2008:978-0-13-182700-4
1949:978-0-201-67523-8
1817:"loksh at GitHub"
1576:978-0-13-021344-0
1551:978-0-201-63375-7
1524:978-0-596-00195-7
1303:blog.fpmurphy.com
744:is maintained on
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16:(Redirected from
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1837:. Archived from
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1805:. 1 August 2020.
1799:"oksh at GitHub"
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2052:ksh88 man page
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2042:ksh93 man page
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2036:External links
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1684:. 29 May 2020.
1669:
1666:. 26 Feb 2021.
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1567:Simply AIX 4.3
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1839:the original
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1409:
1399:
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1383:
1360:. Retrieved
1356:the original
1346:
1336:December 19,
1334:. Retrieved
1330:the original
1306:. Retrieved
1302:
1293:
1281:. Retrieved
1248:. Retrieved
1013:
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943:
935:Roland Mainz
887:
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806:/usr/bin/ksh
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537:Bourne shell
515:
510:
509:
410:Developer(s)
301:Developer(s)
256:
247:
233:
224:
196:Available in
2245:Unix shells
2125:Unix shells
1644:10 December
1619:10 December
1597:10 December
1496:10 December
1471:10 December
1416:February 5,
1389:10 December
1214:test (Unix)
1134:in its SDK.
1118: – an
919:Boyer-Moore
568:job control
469:Predecessor
360:Predecessor
2239:Categories
2171:PowerShell
1975:2024-07-07
1922:2009-10-22
1901:2009-10-22
1880:2009-10-22
1876:. Slashdot
1845:2014-07-28
1763:2021-01-29
1490:Github.com
1384:Mirbsd.org
1362:2010-06-10
1308:2021-01-29
1245:net.usenix
1220:References
1102:permissive
1088: – a
1074: – a
1066:DeLi Linux
525:David Korn
521:Unix shell
450:Repository
436:2024-07-02
341:Repository
327:2019-10-10
263:with some
244:-like code
240:with some
210:Unix shell
189:Windows 10
157:Written in
138:Repository
124:2014-12-24
102:2012-08-01
61:David Korn
18:Korn shell
2085:MirOS BSD
1660:"ksh2020"
1466:In-ulm.de
1278:net.flame
1274:Newsgroup
1241:Newsgroup
1146:Microsoft
1098:MirOS BSD
1004:Travis CI
529:Bell Labs
511:KornShell
385:kornshell
279:kornshell
177:Unix-like
31:KornShell
2201:Thompson
2161:Hamilton
2136:Almquist
2028:Archived
1969:Archived
1182:See also
1138:MKS Inc.
1078:port of
1010:Variants
994:Coverity
850:ksh93u+m
790:UnixWare
555:Features
404:ksh93u+m
351:/ksh2020
2079:mksh(1)
2064:at the
2054:at the
2044:at the
1352:"LEGAL"
1283:Dec 29,
1276::
1250:Dec 29,
1243::
1175:/bin/sh
1167:/bin/sh
1163:/bin/sh
1150:Interix
1128:MorphOS
1120:AmigaOS
1080:OpenBSD
1062:OpenBSD
979:Red Hat
878:KSH2020
866:ksh93u+
858:ksh2020
854:ksh93u+
846:ksh93u+
841:ksh2020
837:Red Hat
833:ksh93v-
829:ksh93u+
731:POSIX.2
720:Z shell
679:History
580:C shell
561:POSIX.2
549:C shell
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489:Website
478:License
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325: (
295:ksh2020
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1615:. IBM
1593:. IBM
1132:pdksh
1130:uses
1124:ARexx
1110:pdksh
1094:pdksh
1076:Linux
1072:loksh
1045:ksh93
1031:ksh93
1027:dtksh
1016:forks
825:ksh93
816:when
814:dtksh
802:ksh93
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794:ksh88
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765:Motif
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727:ksh88
708:pdksh
667:unset
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633:loops
631:while
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541:Emacs
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2141:Bash
2003:ISBN
1944:ISBN
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1621:2018
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1571:ISBN
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1498:2018
1473:2018
1442:ISBN
1418:2015
1391:2018
1338:2022
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1068:7.2.
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1041:tksh
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