1063:
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1022:
180:
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dozens of small cannons. The Korean deputy commander was among the wounded who were captured. The U.S. hoped to use the captives as a bargaining chip to meet with local officials, but the
Koreans refused, calling the captives cowards and "Low was told that he was welcome to keep the wounded prisoners." However, the Americans released the prisoners before departing.
706:, which leads to the river. The U.S. forces were not badly damaged due to "the bad gunnery of the oreans, whose fire, although very hot for the fifteen minutes in which they maintained it, was ill-directed, and consequently without effect." The U.S. demanded an apology within 10 days; there was no response so Rodgers decided on a punitive assault on the forts.
1033:
691:, the Koreans were initially reluctant to discuss the topic, ostensibly to avoid having to pay recompense. The Americans consequently let the Koreans know that their fleet would be exploring the area and that they meant no harm. This gesture was misinterpreted; Korean policy at the time prohibited foreign ships from sailing on the
44:
1078:
851:
The fighting lasted fifteen minutes. The total number killed was 243 Koreans and three
Americans; McKee, Seaman Seth Allen, and U.S. Marine Corps Private Denis Hanrahan. Ten Americans were wounded, and 20 Koreans were captured, several of whom were wounded. Five Korean forts were taken in total, with
609:
article, Low's own records indicated the punitive campaign was motivated by a need to demonstrate
American power over what he considered to be a weaker nation. Previously, the American commanders had felt entitled to "peacefully" enter Korean waters for survey and trade using heavily armed warships,
613:
Korean officials had sent letters holding the
Americans responsible for unlawfully sending warships into their territorial waters, and also explaining to Low what had happened to the General Sherman. The governor of Ganghwa also sent what Low described as a "few worthless articles"—three cows, 50
879:
to strengthen his policy of isolation and issue a national proclamation against appeasing foreigners. Additionally the
Koreans soon sent reinforcements in large numbers that were armed with more modern weapons to confront the American troops. Realizing that the odds had shifted, the U.S. fleet
777:
offshore pounded the citadel in preparation for an assault by U.S. forces. A force of 546 sailors and 105 Marines grouped on the hills west of the fortress (infantry troops were on the hill directly west of the fortress, while artillery troops on another hill both shelled the fortress and also
968:
of the United States Navy, and Korea negotiated and approved a 14-article treaty. The treaty established mutual friendship and mutual assistance in case of attack; and also addressed such specific matters as extraterritorial rights for
American citizens in Korea and
614:
chickens and 1,000 eggs—in an effort to de-escalate things. The
Americans rejected the offer. Instead, they launched a punitive campaign after the commanding American admiral did not receive an official apology from the Koreans. The isolationist nature of the
1062:
1905:
2557:
383:
1898:
1003:
3372:
1891:
376:
770:. By this time, Korean forces had regrouped there. Along the way, some Korean units tried to flank the U.S. forces but were beaten off again due to the strategic placement of artillery on two hills.
2788:
1275:
3327:
369:
2347:
875:
The United States had hoped that their victory would persuade the
Koreans to return to the negotiating table. But the Koreans refused to negotiate. In fact, these events led the regent
3126:
2567:
1021:
1868:
3131:
2053:
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1053:
184:
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2342:
778:
covered the
Americans' flanks and rear), keeping cover and returning fire. Once the bombardment stopped, the Americans charged the citadel, led by Lieutenant
2199:
2468:
1328:
3352:
2517:
2430:
2362:
2352:
2099:
2073:
90:
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3023:
2918:
2793:
1257:
3121:
3011:
2996:
2743:
2733:
2367:
2337:
1621:; excerpt, "Treaty and Diplomatic Relations Between the United States and Korea. Treaty of Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation dated May 22, 1882."
910:
3362:
3163:
2938:
2540:
2449:
2299:
1819:
665:
1832:
959:
1319:
2738:
2535:
2332:
2078:
965:
3116:
3041:
2357:
1973:
1803:
1795:
1375:
1269:
1152:
887:
after
Japanese ships approached Ganghwa Island and threatened to fire on Seoul. Treaties with European countries and the U.S. soon followed.
844:
planted the U.S. flag on the ramparts under heavy enemy fire. Corporal Brown, Privates Dougherty, Purvis, and Carpenter Hayden received the
2901:
2760:
2652:
1095:
798:
2316:
3006:
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2879:
2871:
2728:
2284:
913:
2269:
2189:
3357:
3084:
2229:
1746:
1727:
1141:
939:
673:
3101:
1194:
3031:
2960:
2508:
2279:
2239:
820:
1548:
3148:
3136:
2612:
2607:
2592:
1948:
1772:
Gordon H. Chang, "Whose 'Barbarism'? Whose 'Treachery'? Race and Civilization in the Unknown United States-Korea War of 1871,"
3377:
2884:
2562:
2527:
2452:
2423:
2377:
2234:
1472:
943:
500:
1234:
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935:
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898:
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1177:
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McKee was the first to make it into the citadel and was fatally wounded by a shot to the groin; after him came commander
1553:
2174:
3337:
2965:
2632:
1342:
793:, who shot the Korean soldier who had killed McKee. The flag of the Korean commander, General Eo Jae-yŏn, called the "
1858:
618:
government and the imperialistic nature of the Americans transformed a diplomatic expedition into an armed conflict.
758:
kept the poorly armed Korean forces from effective range. The American troops continued towards the next objective,
3332:
2837:
2688:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2129:
2094:
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747:
627:
441:
411:
1883:
3347:
3342:
3300:
3106:
3049:
2808:
2748:
2668:
2416:
2124:
1146:
977:
2169:
2139:
2950:
2852:
2397:
2038:
688:
588:
403:
1844:
3172:
2820:
2803:
2473:
1131:
446:
426:
3322:
3141:
2825:
2755:
2382:
2154:
2134:
2068:
2028:
1405:
917:
783:
436:
1988:
763:
739:
514:
3196:
2955:
2723:
2673:
2304:
2144:
1606:;" Korean Mission to the Conference on the Limitation of Armament, Washington, D.C., 1921-1922. (1922).
790:
762:, which they found abandoned. The sailors and Marines quickly dismantled this fortress and continued to
605:
196:
991:
1878:
1854:
The early US-Korea relations – Excerpt from "A Brief History of the US-Korea Relations Prior to 1945"
751:
3246:
3228:
3222:
3204:
3072:
3064:
3059:
2678:
2488:
2214:
2063:
1983:
1943:
735:
3286:
3258:
3111:
3077:
2683:
2503:
2498:
2224:
2043:
1933:
1823:
1418:
1323:
1047:
970:
860:
838:
782:. The slow reload time of the Korean matchlocks aided the Americans, armed with superior Remington
649:
631:
55:
1829:
1372:
786:
carbines, in making it over the walls; the Koreans even ended up throwing rocks at the attackers.
759:
3180:
2928:
2776:
2693:
2572:
2483:
2159:
2119:
2008:
2003:
1978:
1515:
902:
655:
2933:
2493:
2109:
1938:
1799:
1791:
1761:
1742:
1723:
1588:
1585:
1265:
884:
750:. After overrunning the Korean defenders, the Americans moved on to their next objective, the
715:
692:
637:
420:
1675:
1656:
1635:
1632:
1611:
1608:
1230:
3210:
3153:
3054:
2923:
2857:
2830:
2815:
2478:
2439:
2249:
2149:
2018:
1998:
1783:
1136:
1040:
927:
906:
894:
856:
643:
564:
255:
238:
212:
699:. Therefore, the Joseon government rejected the U.S. request. The Americans sailed anyway.
3090:
2703:
2179:
1963:
1953:
1872:
1862:
1848:
1836:
1697:
1379:
931:
924:
540:
2972:
2943:
361:
3279:
2637:
2372:
2023:
2013:
1958:
1716:
1549:"TWE Remembers: The Korean Expedition of 1871 and the Battle of Ganghwa (Shinmiyangyo)"
1316:
1107:
947:
845:
703:
615:
576:
84:
1430:
Dispatch from Commodore John Rodgers to the Secretary of the Navy, Corea, 23 June 1871
3316:
3252:
2842:
2392:
891:
669:
597:
593:
203:
191:
148:
3240:
2204:
1680:
1661:
1642:
1618:
1595:
1103:
1013:
864:
841:
824:
728:
626:
The American expedition consisted of about 650 men, more than 500 sailors and 100
1853:
1476:
596:, the American ambassador to China, sent the mission to ascertain the fate of the
1224:
17:
3216:
2781:
2219:
2194:
2184:
2114:
1121:
1099:
809:
677:
431:
234:
2847:
2209:
2048:
2033:
1722:. Translated by E.W. Wagner; E.J. Shultz (revised ed.). Seoul: Ilchogak.
876:
779:
208:
1497:
Report of Rear-Admiral John Rodgers to the Secretary of the Navy, 5 July 1871
683:
The Americans safely made contact with the Korean inhabitants, described as "
105:
92:
2798:
2104:
1993:
743:
720:
610:
and had ignored repeated diplomatic requests to respect Korean sovereignty.
1788:
Sources of Korean Tradition: From the Sixteenth to the Twentieth Centuries.
883:
There were no further attacks on foreign ships. In 1876, Korea established
702:
On 1 June, the Korean fortress fired at the U.S. fleet as it sailed up the
1807:
1604:, 1882) that was followed by similar agreements with other Western nations
725:
American servicemen after capturing Fort Dŏkjin (Fort Monocacy) on 10 June
2550:
2387:
2274:
2244:
1968:
755:
1777:
1765:
1044:
767:
684:
603:, which had gone missing while visiting Korea in 1866. According to a
505:
1086:
794:
468:
249:
229:
162:
50:
2408:
1841:
1341:
Korean History Dictionary Compilation Society (10 September 2005).
855:
Following the military operations of 10–12 June, the United States
676:. The Korean forces, known as "Tiger Hunters", were led by General
1758:
Sinmiyangyo: The 1871 Conflict Between the United States and Korea
1384:
Reports of the Secretary of the Navy and of the Postmaster General
1010:
Korean casualties, after the attack on Fort Sondolmok (Fort McKee)
719:
696:
572:
550:
484:
43:
1226:
Rights to Protect Citizens in Foreign Countries by Landing Forces
1052:, off Korea in June 1871. The squadron's commander, Rear Admiral
1027:
Korean ship in 1871, taken by the Americans during the expedition
964:
From April–May 1882, the United States, represented by Commodore
742:. The Koreans were armed with severely outdated weapons, such as
695:, which led directly to the capital city of Hanyang, modern-day
2412:
1914:
Armed conflicts involving the Armed Forces of the United States
1887:
1869:
My Ganghwa dot com, a Korean site dedicated to the Ganghwa Isle
365:
1473:"Association for Asia Research- The early US-Korea relations"
1448:
Rear-Admiral John Rodgers, General Order No. 32, 12 June 1871
1636:
Korea's Appeal to the Conference on Limitation of Armament,
1612:
Korea's Appeal to the Conference on Limitation of Armament,
1600:
Korea signed a similar accord with the United States (the
1068:
Korean official bearing the first dispatches on board the
3373:
United States Marine Corps in the 18th and 19th centuries
519:
1195:"In 1871, America 'Invaded' Korea. Here's What Happened"
880:
consequently departed and set sail for China on 3 July.
734:
On 10 June, the Americans attacked the lightly defended
1386:. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1871. p. 277.
1295:
The number of ships is confirmed by Lee (1984), p. 264.
1039:
U.S. Navy officers holding a council of war aboard the
338:~350 killed (Korean estimate, likely including suicide)
1421:(USN) to the Secretary of the Navy, Korea, 5 July 1871
1820:
US Naval Historical Center on 1871 US Korean campaign
1142:
List of Medal of Honor recipients - Korean Expedition
3195:
3162:
3040:
3022:
2981:
2911:
2893:
2870:
2769:
2712:
2661:
2623:
2526:
2461:
2325:
2087:
1926:
513:
499:
483:
467:
3328:19th-century military history of the United States
1776:, Vol. 89, No. 4 (March 2003), pp. 1331–1365
1715:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1408:to the Secretary of the Navy, Korea, 16 June 1871
1229:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1912. p.
1178:Fact: America First Went to War in Korea In 1871
1102:, and the sailor on the left is believed to be
950:, the first for actions in a foreign conflict.
934:) and six Marines (Corporal Brown and Privates
36:
2424:
1899:
377:
8:
1538:Nahm (1986), p. 149-150; Lee (1984), p. 266.
1326:Web Archives (archived 4 October 2012).
575:that took place predominantly on and around
554:
544:
490:
474:
1329:Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships
1094:. From right to left: U.S. Marine Corporal
560:
3037:
2620:
2431:
2417:
2409:
2363:History of the Central Intelligence Agency
2348:Length of U.S. participation in major wars
1906:
1892:
1884:
1312:
1310:
819:s guard. General Eo was killed by Private
384:
370:
362:
33:
3368:Punitive expeditions of the United States
1830:medal of Honor Link {1871} reference only
1782:Yŏng-ho Ch'oe; William Theodore De Bary;
1395:Lexington Morning Herald 28 November 1897
2744:Yellowstone National Park Protection Act
2734:District of Columbia Organic Act of 1871
1879:Marine Amphibious Landing in Korea, 1871
1106:(U.S. Navy). All three were awarded the
976:The treaty remained in effect until the
417:United States expedition to Korea (1871)
1165:
987:
797:" by Koreans, was captured by Corporal
1826:Web Archives (archived 2010-04-07)
1262:Past Forward: Essays in Korean History
1258:"The General Sherman Incident of 1866"
773:Artillery fire from ground forces and
459:
442:Donghak Peasant Revolution (1894–1895)
393:Foreign interventions in Korea (1800s)
1790:New York: Columbia University Press.
1739:Korea: A history of the Korean people
1193:Roblin, Sebastien (18 January 2018).
571:, was an American military action in
7:
2902:Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant
2653:Proposed annexation of Santo Domingo
2343:Timeline of U.S. military operations
1205:from the original on 9 November 2020
1056:, leans over the table on the right.
1475:. Asianresearch.org. Archived from
1461:, Vol. 20, No. 6215, 22 August 1871
1373:Report of Rear Admiral John Rodgers
447:First Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895)
1561:from the original on 15 April 2021
1278:from the original on 15 April 2021
1264:, Anthem Press, pp. 170–171,
1237:from the original on 14 April 2021
960:United States–Korea Treaty of 1882
437:Port Hamilton incident (1885–1887)
25:
3085:Grant Cottage State Historic Site
2809:Indian Appropriations Act of 1871
2100:American–Algerian War (1785–1795)
863:until 3 July, when they left for
674:United States Ambassador to China
563: Western Disturbance in the
531:United States expedition to Korea
463:United States expedition to Korea
412:French expedition to Korea (1866)
3383:Wars involving the United States
3296:
3295:
2469:Grant and the American Civil War
1529:from 10 June 1871 to 3 July 1871
1353:from the original on 6 June 2021
1077:
1061:
1032:
1020:
1002:
990:
687:". When they inquired about the
248:
228:
202:
190:
178:
155:
141:
42:
27:1871 U.S.–Joseon battle in Korea
1786:and Peter Hacksoo Lee. (2000).
1741:(2nd ed.). Seoul: Hollym.
1256:Hwang, Kyung Moon, ed. (2019),
946:, and Purvis) were awarded the
3363:Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant
2453:President of the United States
2378:List of anti-war organizations
555:
545:
491:
475:
427:Ganghwa Island incident (1875)
335:243 killed (American estimate)
75:(1 month and 2 days)
1:
3353:Korea–United States relations
2699:Specie Payment Resumption Act
2290:War against the Islamic State
2573:State of the Union addresses
1756:Duvernay, Thomas A. (2021).
1683:; excerpt, "... Article 14."
1589:Sources of Korean Tradition,
1554:Council on Foreign Relations
954:Treaty of Amity and Commerce
685:people wearing white clothes
630:, as well as five warships:
344:40 artillery pieces captured
341:20 captured (later released)
3142:1922 Grant Memorial coinage
1774:Journal of American History
1664:; excerpt, "... Article 4."
1645:; excerpt, "... Article 1."
520:
506:
353:4 shore batteries destroyed
3399:
2838:Naturalization Act of 1870
2729:U.S. Department of Justice
2689:General Mining Act of 1872
2280:War in North-West Pakistan
2130:Second Sumatran expedition
2095:American Revolutionary War
1875: (archived 2006-09-29)
1865: (archived 2004-10-11)
1760:. Seoul: Seoul Selection.
1127:French expedition to Korea
957:
748:breech-loading swivel guns
713:
586:
3358:Military history of Korea
3274:
2749:Yellowstone National Park
2669:Public Credit Act of 1869
2446:
2125:First Sumatran expedition
1919:
1696:26 September 2021 at the
1378:20 September 2020 at the
1147:Military history of Korea
885:a trade treaty with Japan
462:
399:
311:
268:
168:
133:
65:
41:
2951:Ulysses S. Grant Cottage
2853:Civil Rights Act of 1875
2761:Electoral Commission Act
2739:Civil Service Commission
2079:2021 U.S. Capitol attack
2039:Battle of Blair Mountain
1737:Nahm, Andrew C. (1996).
997:Map of the Ganghwa forts
923:, Carpenter Hayden, and
859:stayed at anchorage off
689:General Sherman incident
589:General Sherman incident
533:, known in Korea as the
2821:Enforcement Act of 1870
2338:Wars involving the U.S.
2175:Philippine–American War
2059:1960s ghetto rebellions
1132:Ganghwa Island incident
823:. While serving as the
3112:Ohio Statehouse statue
2826:Second Enforcement Act
2789:Native American policy
2518:Commanding generalship
2383:Conscientious objector
2285:First Libyan Civil War
2155:Second Fiji expedition
2135:Ivory Coast expedition
2069:1992 Los Angeles riots
2029:Colorado Coalfield War
1921:Listed chronologically
1859:Gateway to Shimiyangyo
1847:11 August 2020 at the
1842:1871 US Korea Campaign
1718:A new history of Korea
1506:deck logs for the USS
1098:, U.S. Marine Private
746:muskets, cannons, and
738:on Ganghwa, along the
731:
169:Commanders and leaders
3378:Wars involving Joseon
3287:Rutherford B. Hayes →
2724:Judiciary Act of 1869
2674:Copyright Act of 1870
2568:Judicial appointments
2353:Territorial evolution
2333:Conflicts in the U.S.
2255:Intervention in Haiti
2145:First Fiji expedition
1714:Lee, Ki-baek (1984).
1304:Lee (1984), loc. cit.
1199:The National Interest
1182:The National Interest
791:Winfield Scott Schley
723:
312:Casualties and losses
3247:Ulysses S. Grant III
3229:Ulysses S. Grant Jr.
3223:Frederick Dent Grant
3205:Hannah Simpson Grant
3055:Presidential library
2880:Bid for a third term
2679:Currency Act of 1870
2633:Treaty of Washington
2215:Bay of Pigs Invasion
2170:Spanish–American War
2140:Mexican–American War
2064:Kent State shootings
2054:Puerto Rican revolts
1984:American Indian Wars
1835:16 June 2012 at the
1479:on 23 September 2015
1471:Kim Young-Sik, PhD.
1439:Nahm (1996), p. 149.
1417:Report of Commander
1043:flagship, the steam
834:s crew and Marines,
808:s guard and Private
754:. American 12-pound
501:Revised Romanization
106:37.7000°N 126.4333°E
73:1 June – 3 July 1871
3259:Ulysses S. Grant IV
3235:Jesse Root Grant II
3164:Cultural depictions
3127:U.S. Postage stamps
3117:Philadelphia statue
3097:U.S. Capitol statue
2684:Funding Act of 1870
2541:Second inauguration
2499:Richmond–Petersburg
2230:Invasion of Grenada
2225:Dominican Civil War
1824:Library of Congress
1602:Treaty of Chelump'o
1324:Library of Congress
978:annexation of Korea
971:most favored nation
892:Chief Quartermaster
764:Gwangseong Garrison
298:40 artillery pieces
102: /
3338:Invasions of Korea
3176:(2002 documentary)
3122:San Francisco bust
3073:General Grant tree
2694:Timber Culture Act
2536:First inauguration
2270:War in Afghanistan
2240:Invasion of Panama
2235:Lebanese Civil War
2160:Formosa Expedition
2120:Second Barbary War
2074:2020 racial unrest
2009:Johnson County War
2004:Lincoln County War
1979:American Civil War
1974:Harpers Ferry raid
1949:Turner's Rebellion
1457:"The Korean War",
1404:Report of Captain
966:Robert W. Shufeldt
732:
660:. Embarked aboard
432:Gapsin Coup (1884)
3333:Conflicts in 1871
3310:
3309:
3191:
3190:
3184:(2020 miniseries)
3149:Grant High School
2866:
2865:
2648:Korean Expedition
2406:
2405:
2368:Casualties of war
2200:Russian Civil War
2165:Korean Expedition
2110:First Barbary War
1989:Brooks–Baxter War
1944:Fries's Rebellion
1939:Whiskey Rebellion
1804:978-0-231-12031-9
1796:978-0-231-12030-2
1271:978-1-78308-880-5
897:, Quartermasters
716:Battle of Ganghwa
710:Battle of Ganghwa
664:was Rear Admiral
606:National Interest
569:Korean Expedition
527:
526:
515:McCune–Reischauer
455:
454:
421:Battle of Ganghwa
360:
359:
347:5 forts destroyed
326:1 gunboat damaged
304:4 shore batteries
129:
128:
111:37.7000; 126.4333
37:Korean Expedition
18:Korean Expedition
16:(Redirected from
3390:
3348:June 1871 events
3343:July 1871 events
3299:
3298:
3280:← Andrew Johnson
3265:Julia Dent Grant
3211:Jesse Root Grant
3173:Ulysses S. Grant
3154:U.S. Grant Hotel
3038:
2966:speeding arrests
2939:White Haven home
2858:Page Act of 1875
2831:Ku Klux Klan Act
2816:Enforcement Acts
2621:
2456:
2440:Ulysses S. Grant
2433:
2426:
2419:
2410:
2358:Military history
2317:Yemeni civil war
2250:Somali Civil War
2150:Second Opium War
2019:Homestead strike
1934:Shays' Rebellion
1908:
1901:
1894:
1885:
1784:Martina Deuchler
1769:
1752:
1733:
1721:
1701:
1690:
1684:
1671:
1665:
1652:
1646:
1628:
1622:
1577:
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3241:Nellie Grant
3179:
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3032:Bibliography
2973:Grant's Tomb
2961:Horsemanship
2929:Boyhood home
2900:
2843:Comstock Act
2647:
2638:
2205:World War II
2164:
1999:Hamburg riot
1787:
1773:
1757:
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1717:
1688:
1681:Google Books
1679:, p. 29, at
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1662:Google Books
1660:, p. 29, at
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1643:Google Books
1641:, p. 29, at
1637:
1631:
1626:
1619:Google Books
1617:, p. 29, at
1613:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1598:; excerpt, "
1596:Google Books
1590:
1584:
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1563:. Retrieved
1552:
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1493:
1481:. Retrieved
1477:the original
1466:
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1413:
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1391:
1383:
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1355:. Retrieved
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1280:, retrieved
1261:
1251:
1239:. Retrieved
1225:
1219:
1207:. Retrieved
1198:
1188:
1181:
1153:Mr. Sunshine
1151:
1104:Cyrus Hayden
1091:
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1069:
1054:John Rodgers
1048:
1014:Felice Beato
1009:
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842:Cyrus Hayden
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760:Deokjin Fort
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729:Felice Beato
724:
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666:John Rodgers
661:
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536:Shinmiyangyo
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521:Shinmiyangyo
507:Shinmiyangyo
416:
404:
257:
240:
214:
185:John Rodgers
134:Belligerents
125:Inconclusive
61:in June 1871
57:
49:
29:
3217:Julia Grant
2956:Galena home
2934:Schoolhouse
2782:Amnesty Act
2509:Court House
2489:Chattanooga
2455:(1869–1877)
2260:Bosnian War
2220:Vietnam War
2195:World War I
2185:Banana Wars
2115:War of 1812
1122:Black Ships
1100:Hugh Purvis
1090:aboard USS
1072:, June 1871
810:Hugh Purvis
740:Salee River
678:Eo Jae-yeon
565:Shinmi Year
553::
543::
235:Eo Jae-yeon
109: /
97:126°26′00″E
3317:Categories
3261:(grandson)
3255:(grandson)
3249:(grandson)
3243:(daughter)
3060:Grant Park
3007:convention
2992:convention
2924:Birthplace
2919:Early life
2885:World tour
2848:Poland Act
2714:Government
2528:Presidency
2504:Appomattox
2398:War crimes
2265:Kosovo War
2210:Korean War
2190:Border War
2049:Bonus Army
2044:Tulsa riot
2034:Red Summer
1954:Mormon War
1766:B08BF9J9HB
1708:References
1525:, and USS
877:Daewon-gun
780:Hugh McKee
587:See also:
583:Background
323:10 wounded
286:2 gunboats
209:Hugh McKee
94:37°42′00″N
3137:$ 50 bill
3042:Memorials
2982:Elections
2799:Modoc War
2484:Vicksburg
2105:Quasi-War
1994:Range War
1084:Captured
980:in 1910.
871:Aftermath
839:Carpenter
756:howitzers
744:matchlock
693:Han River
579:in 1871.
280:1 frigate
3301:Category
3213:(father)
3207:(mother)
3132:Currency
3012:election
2997:election
2551:Grantism
2546:Scandals
2494:Overland
2388:Cold War
2305:Cameroon
2275:Iraq War
2245:Gulf War
1969:Utah War
1927:Domestic
1845:Archived
1833:Archived
1778:in JSTOR
1694:Archived
1583:(2000).
1565:15 April
1559:Archived
1523:Monocacy
1508:Colorado
1376:Archived
1351:Archived
1317:Colorado
1282:15 April
1276:archived
1241:14 April
1235:Archived
1209:14 April
1203:Archived
1116:See also
1092:Colorado
1070:Colorado
1049:Colorado
940:McNamara
925:Landsmen
914:McKenzie
903:Franklin
836:Colorado
829:Colorado
803:Colorado
775:Monocacy
662:Colorado
651:Monocacy
633:Colorado
320:3 killed
269:Strength
80:Location
58:Colorado
2716:reforms
2639:Alabama
2563:Cabinet
2558:Pardons
2326:Related
2088:Foreign
1871:at the
1861:at the
1822:at the
1518:Benicia
1483:18 July
1322:at the
1045:frigate
984:Gallery
936:Coleman
921:Andrews
768:citadel
657:Benicia
628:Marines
301:6 forts
295:800 men
277:650 men
258:†
241:†
215:†
54:aboard
3219:(wife)
3197:Family
3024:Legacy
2641:Claims
2479:Shiloh
1802:
1794:
1764:
1745:
1726:
1676:p. 29.
1657:p. 29.
1638:p. 29.
1614:p. 29.
1591:p. 235
1581:et al.
1521:, USS
1512:Alaska
1510:, USS
1382:". In
1357:6 June
1343:"신미양요"
1268:
1087:Sujagi
932:Merton
907:Rogers
814:Alaska
795:Sujagi
672:, the
668:, and
654:, and
639:Alaska
559:;
549:;
541:Korean
469:Hangul
237:
211:
163:Joseon
160:
146:
122:Result
51:Sujagi
3237:(son)
3231:(son)
3225:(son)
3181:Grant
3078:grove
3003:1872
2988:1868
2894:Books
2310:Libya
2300:Syria
1527:Palos
1160:Notes
944:Owens
928:Lukes
895:Grace
865:China
832:'
817:'
806:'
697:Seoul
645:Palos
573:Korea
551:Hanja
485:Hanja
3068:ship
2944:farm
2912:Life
2613:1876
2608:1875
2603:1874
2598:1873
2593:1872
2588:1871
2583:1870
2578:1869
2450:18th
2295:Iraq
1800:ISBN
1792:ISBN
1762:ASIN
1743:ISBN
1724:ISBN
1567:2021
1516:USS
1485:2014
1359:2021
1284:2021
1266:ISBN
1243:2021
1211:2021
930:and
905:and
899:Troy
827:for
766:, a
561:lit.
556:辛未洋擾
546:신미양요
529:The
492:辛未洋擾
476:신미양요
70:Date
56:USS
1012:by
812:of
801:of
727:by
3319::
1806:;
1798:;
1700:.]
1557:.
1551:.
1514:,
1345:.
1309:^
1274:,
1260:,
1233:.
1231:59
1201:.
1197:.
1180:,
1168:^
942:,
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867:.
848:.
680:.
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2418:v
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1900:t
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1569:.
1487:.
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1361:.
1245:.
1213:.
1110:.
539:(
423:)
419:(
385:e
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371:v
20:)
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