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Korean fortresses were based on a stone culture and built with stones on natural mountainous terrain; therefore, they are conceptually completely different compared to
Chinese fortresses, which were based on an earth culture and built with bricks and stamped earth on flat land. Korean fortresses were
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inside, whose monks were expected to upkeep the wall maintenance and small plots of farms, as well as one or more wells within the mountain fortress. Some of the larger ones contained HaengGung, which are small Royal
Palaces designed to accommodate the King who may have fled to that location. Both
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Walled cities in Korea are characterized by short and straight walls, normally no taller than 10 feet. Unlike the
Japanese Walls, Korean walls are upright, due to having no earthquakes on the peninsula. Unlike the walls in China, Korean walls are much shorter in comparison, possibly due to long
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As mountain fortresses relied on the steep terrain of Korean mountains for defense, they generally lack muti-layered walls, and generally have one main entrance with one or more secret entrances. Some of the larger ones may contain a
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on the south side. The purpose of the mountain fortress was to enable the inhabitants of the city, town, or village to escape into during emergencies caused by war or insurgencies. As most invaders of Korea were
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from the North, the invaders lacked the experience, capacity or the know how to conduct a mountain siege. This is why mountain fortresses are the most common type of fortresses in Korea.
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Most Korean fortresses are single layered wall structure surrounding a city, town or a village. These city walls are augmented by a mountain fortress or two nearby. An example is the
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was the site of a siege by the Manchu invaders, where the Korean King surrendered to the
Manchus after a 41 days siege in 1637.
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Water Gate is a feature found in some Korean city walls, which allow for the flow of river water into and out of the city.
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Towers are rare, not existing in the entire city wall of Seoul, but they do exist in the more recently constructed
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This is an example of a walled city gate. A smaller wall protects the entry into the city gate.
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can be found in Japan, which were constructed and supervised by immigrants of Baekje origin.
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Mountain
Fortresses in Central Inland Korea: Deokju Sanseong Mountain Fortress
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Mountain
Fortresses in Central Inland Korea: Deokju Sanseong Mountain Fortress
879:"Korea's fortresses reflect the past and Koreans' respect for the environment"
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Goguryeo fortress ruins have been found in about 170 sites to date, including
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A History of Korea: From "Land of the
Morning Calm" to States in Conflict
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period. Koreans developed a unique and distinct fortress tradition.
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Cultural
Heritage Administration (South Korea) (19 November 2011).
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733:(the East Gate of Seoul,) as well as Paldalmun, the South Gate of
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Almost 2,400 mountain fortress sites have been found in Korea.
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536:. Goguryeo fortress ruins have also been found in present-day
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Koreana - Winter 2014 (English): Korean
Culture & Arts
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There are numerous types of Korean fortresses, including
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are fortifications constructed by
Koreans since the
689:contain HaengGungs, as does the Jindo Sanseong in
1145:Chʻa, Yong-gŏl; Hakhoe, Hanʼguk Sŏnggwak (2007).
1111:Chʻa, Yong-gŏl; Hakhoe, Hanʼguk Sŏnggwak (2007).
1018:"Ancient Mountain Fortresses in Central Korea"
703:of Suwon, built in 1796. This is a city wall.
501:, and then inherited and further developed by
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588:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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1077:The Korea Foundation (23 February 2015).
628:Mountain Fortress on the north, and with
608:Learn how and when to remove this message
1210:. Indiana University Press. p. 50.
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524:; one of the most notable among them is
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1151:. Korea Fortress Academy. p. 33.
1117:. Korea Fortress Academy. p. 36.
889:Korean Culture and Information Service
715:, Seoul, the East Gate, built in 1398.
528:, which successfully defended against
1301:"[초원 실크로드를 가다](14)초원로가 한반도까지"
624:City Wall, which is connected to the
7:
586:adding citations to reliable sources
788:List of Korean fortresses in China
14:
1412:Buildings and structures in Korea
851:Gyeonhwon Mountain Fortress ruins
837:Gyeonhwon Mountain Fortress ruins
843:
829:
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793:Korean-style fortresses in Japan
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891:. 8 April 2013. Archived from
1:
942:Su-il, Jeong (18 July 2016).
632:Mountain Fortress across the
400:100 Cultural Symbols of Korea
1358:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
1333:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
1022:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
550:Characteristics and Features
1185:. ICOMOS-Korea. p. 100
783:List of fortresses in Korea
1443:
1382:Korean Mountain Fortresses
945:The Silk Road Encyclopedia
798:Japanese castles in Korea
1248:. Korea Press Foundation
823:Namhan Mountain Fortress
725:periods of peace during
1397:Fortifications in Korea
1240:"한국과 몽골, 그 천년의 비밀을 찾아서"
1238:김운회 (4 February 2014).
1046:World Heritage in Korea
544:Korean-style fortresses
443:Three Kingdoms of Korea
1049:. 길잡이미디어. p. 65.
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1407:Architecture in Korea
1204:Kim, Jinwung (2012).
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460:(mountain fortress),
390:Emblem of South Korea
385:Emblem of North Korea
987:on 23 September 2016
771:World Heritage Sites
693:among many others.
582:improve this section
395:World Heritage Sites
1329:"Hwaseong Fortress"
1182:Koguryo tomb murals
1179:Kim, Li-na (2004).
948:. Seoul Selection.
660:Mountain Fortresses
95:Arts and literature
1306:Kyunghyang Shinmun
895:on 10 August 2014.
717:
705:
673:
657:
1158:978-89-961732-4-3
1124:978-89-961732-4-3
977:"사진을 통해 본 고구려 성곽"
803:Cheolli Jangseong
760:Hwaseong Fortress
749:Hwaseong Fortress
739:Hwaseong Fortress
701:Hwaseong Fortress
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534:Goguryeo–Tang War
464:(city fortress),
449:, beginning with
439:Korean fortresses
436:
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1427:History of Korea
1422:Culture of Korea
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1363:22 September
1361:. Retrieved
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1338:22 September
1336:. Retrieved
1332:
1323:
1311:. Retrieved
1309:. 6 May 2009
1304:
1295:
1283:. Retrieved
1279:the original
1274:Sisa Journal
1272:
1262:
1250:. Retrieved
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1233:
1223:20 September
1221:. Retrieved
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1094:. Retrieved
1083:. 한국국제교류재단.
1079:
1072:
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1060:. Retrieved
1045:
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1028:20 September
1026:. Retrieved
1021:
991:20 September
989:. Retrieved
985:the original
980:
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961:20 September
959:. Retrieved
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924:20 September
922:. Retrieved
918:the original
913:
893:the original
882:
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822:
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580:Please help
568:
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530:Tang Taizong
519:
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489:invented by
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480:, and more.
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766:are
762:and
741:.
685:and
573:any
571:cite
497:and
130:Film
751:.
584:by
284:Tal
108:Art
1393::
1356:.
1331:.
1303:.
1271:.
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1001:^
979:.
934:^
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901:^
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