797:, phonetic . It is adequate for mother-tongue speakers but does not suffice to distinguish the seven distinct vowel qualities of Agole Kusaal, does not mark tone, and has partly inconsistent word-division conventions due to the complications produced by the Kusaal final vowel loss/reduction phenomena. Since 2013, however, a unified orthography of the language has been in use and is used across various sectors including education at the University of Education, Winneba (Ajumako campus) and by translators who recently (2015) succeeded in revising the New Testament as well as translating the complete Old Testament into the language using the set of guidelines provided in the current orthography.
806:
Tamale, Ghana. Literacy materials, collections of folk stories and so forth have also been produced by GILLBT. There is also a simple dictionary compiled by David and Nancy Spratt from the same source. Also available are two master theses from native speaker linguists on the phonology (Musah 2010) and the syntax (Abubakar 2011). Much grammatical information on the
Burkina Faso dialect (Toende) is to be found in Niggli's primarily phonological work cited below. Several other documents including the Orthography of the language are also available from GILLBT. Another fairly extensive grammar of Agolle Kusaal is available online.
764:, with tonal differences distinguishing lexical items (with few minimal pairs) and syntactic constructions. The intrinsic tones of individual words are often overridden with a different pattern in particular syntactic constructions, e.g., main verbs in positive main clauses become all-low-tone. Many words also cause tone changes in closely connected following or preceding words by "tone spreading". The tonal system is a
714:
in Agole, which according to the most-favoured analysis, enables Agole with seven contrastive vowel qualities to cover the contrasts represented in Toende with nine qualities. There are short, long, short nasal and long nasal vowels; nasalization collapses the contrast between i~É©, e~É›, u~Ę‹ and o~É”.
668:(except between adjacent words) occur only word-internally at morpheme-junctures and are determined by the limited range of consonants which can appear in syllable-final position. Clusters arising from the addition of suffixes in derivation and flexion are either simplified or broken up by inserted ("
581:
Object pronouns can be severely reduced in form by the Kusaal final-vowel-loss rules, surfacing as single consonants, or even zero; they are preceded by a reduced vowel ending the previous word, which is a reduced form of that word's own underlying final vowel, preserved before the enclitic pronoun:
805:
Materials on Kusaal have gradually increased over the last few years. Some aids for learners were produced by the husband-and-wife Spratt team who pioneered the linguistic study of the language and may be obtainable from GILLBT (Ghana
Institute of Linguistics, Literacy and Bible Translation) in
776:, but there are many constraints on the possible tone patterns with a word; uncompounded nouns show only 4 different overall possibilities at most for any given segmental shape, and inflecting verbs have only two possible intrinsic tone patterns.
784:
The orthography used above is basically that of the New
Testament translation, which remained the only substantial written work available in Kusaal for a long time. The New Testament orthography, however, spells "goat"
487:
There are a few traces of the old system (as in
Gurmanche) whereby the adjective took the singular/plural endings appropriate to the class of the preceding noun, but the system is completely unproductive in Kusaal now.
432:"goat" are found only when the word in question is the last word in a question or a negated statement. In all other contexts an underlying final short vowel is dropped and a final long vowel is shortened:
687:
in
Mampruli) fall in with the simple velars, as in neighbouring Farefare (Frafra, Gurene) and Moore. The reflexes of the palatal and labiovelar double-closure nasals of the related languages, written
745:
followed by a vowel or glottal indicates that the preceding vowel is contrastively nasalised, unless in word-final position when nasalisation is indicated by a double
245:. There is a distinctive dialect division between Agole, to the East of the Volta River, and Toende, to the West. Agole has more speakers. The 6-district capital;
496:
Verbal flexion is agreeably simple, as in other
Western Oti–Volta languages and unlike less closely related Gur languages. Most verbs have five flexional forms.
843:
Musah, Anthony
Agoswin, Tony Naden and Michael Awimbilla (2013). Handbook of Kusaal Orthography: A reading and writing guide. Tamale, Ghana: GILLBT Publications
623:
Within the noun phrase, except for the typical noun-adjective Gur compounding, the rule is that associative modifier (possessive, genitive) precedes the head:
959:
723:"beating", for 56 monophthongs in some dialects. Glottalized vowels may be distinct from the glottal stop as a consonant, usually in the form as in
1629:
464:
Kusaal shows the typical Gur feature whereby the noun and adjective stems are compounded in that order, followed by the singular/plural endings:
424:
The bracketed final vowels in the examples occur because of the feature which most strikingly separates Kusaal from its close relatives: the
313:
system, human/non-human. The noun classes are still distinguishable in the way nouns distinguish singular from plural by paired suffixes:
1870:
2310:
277:
Is mostly used to refer to the people who speak the language, and it is not accepted by native speakers to refer to the language.
952:
710:
The vowel system is not yet fully understood, complicated by differences between the Agole and Toende dialects and the system of
188:
2305:
1622:
945:
904:
707:
respectively, but the scope of the nasalisation and the order of its onset with respect to the semivowel is variable.
289:
low-level grouping within Gur, which includes several of the more widely spoken languages of
Northern Ghana, and also
2225:
293:, the largest African language of Burkina Faso (and the largest of all Gur languages, with millions of speakers).
91:
250:
198:
1655:
286:
110:
2264:
1500:
998:
2315:
1787:
1615:
1495:
772:, but with the H! sequence being realized as extra-high in some contexts. The domain of tone is the vowel
676:
1905:
1828:
1646:
1505:
1465:
1391:
1336:
1113:
878:
306:
2157:
2106:
1961:
249:
with
Zebilla as capital (mainly inhabited by the speakers of Atoende Kusaal) and the rest; Binduri,
1971:
1951:
1771:
1571:
1396:
1321:
1248:
246:
97:
2142:
1875:
968:
773:
261:
districts mostly Agole dialect speakers. The complete Bible translation is in the Agole dialect.
2197:
2101:
2012:
1890:
1792:
1761:
1741:
1576:
1316:
1233:
1218:
1178:
1163:
665:
258:
569:
The verb is preceded by a chain of invariable particles expressing tense, polarity and mood.
2243:
2210:
2205:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2132:
2116:
2086:
2042:
2007:
1997:
1987:
1807:
1731:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1680:
1675:
1586:
1566:
1546:
1536:
1531:
1521:
1429:
1311:
1301:
1291:
1223:
1213:
1158:
1118:
1108:
1053:
1048:
982:
923:
650:
Numeral and deictics (demonstrative, article) follow, with the quantitative in final place:
254:
2259:
2238:
2215:
2152:
2147:
2111:
2067:
2002:
1956:
1920:
1812:
1802:
1736:
1726:
1716:
1591:
1581:
1561:
1556:
1541:
1526:
1475:
1439:
1421:
1386:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1306:
1281:
1203:
1173:
1153:
1148:
1138:
1078:
1058:
1029:
425:
83:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2233:
2052:
2047:
2022:
2017:
1930:
1910:
1865:
1838:
1833:
1766:
1756:
1751:
1721:
1685:
1670:
1596:
1551:
1460:
1434:
1401:
1381:
1371:
1366:
1346:
1326:
1296:
1276:
1253:
1243:
1228:
1198:
1193:
1168:
1143:
1123:
1083:
1073:
1024:
1014:
765:
761:
135:
679:
double-closure stops kp, gb, but the palatal series of the related languages (written
178:
2299:
2284:
2062:
2057:
1966:
1925:
1915:
1880:
1857:
1797:
1638:
1455:
1406:
1376:
1341:
1286:
1268:
1258:
1208:
1183:
1133:
1100:
1041:
290:
238:
226:
102:
64:
2137:
2072:
1992:
1935:
1843:
1411:
1331:
1238:
1128:
1063:
1034:
905:
http://sil-burkina.org/sites/default/files/La%20phonologie%20du%20kusaal%202012.pdf
732:
716:
234:
142:
50:
17:
563:"his (the angel's) appearance was scary" - literally 'his seeing they had fear'
1068:
669:
570:
310:
827:
822:
736:
302:
711:
171:
155:
927:
573:
constructions are common and important, as in many West
African languages.
162:
1746:
1470:
1188:
917:
769:
301:
Like most other Western Oti–Volta languages, it has lost the complicated
206:
194:
202:
853:
937:
566:
Some 10% of verbs, with stative meanings, have only a single form.
237:. It is spoken by about 121,000 people and takes its name from the
230:
46:
1607:
664:
The sound system of Kusaal is similar to that of its relatives;
305:
agreement system still found in e.g. the more distantly related
54:
1611:
941:
285:
The language is a fairly typical representative of the Western
1019:
675:
The roster of consonants includes the widespread West African
205:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
727:"water". Glottal also marks some monosyllabic verbs
731:"beat". In addition, some vowels are contrastively
637:
627:
620:
Word order is strictly SVO, but clefting is common.
601:
586:
557:
549:
523:
508:
478:
468:
415:
403:
393:
385:
376:
368:
359:
351:
342:
334:
325:
317:
2252:
2224:
2196:
2166:
2125:
2094:
2085:
2035:
1980:
1944:
1898:
1889:
1856:
1821:
1780:
1694:
1663:
1654:
1645:
1514:
1488:
1448:
1420:
1267:
1099:
1092:
1007:
991:
975:
409:is found with many uncountable and abstract nouns,
169:
153:
148:
132:
80:
70:
60:
42:
32:
269:The general and accepted name for the language is
854:"Aspects of Kusaal phonology - lingbuzz/002871"
735:and others nasalised through the influence of
1623:
953:
8:
699:- are probably best analysed as a nasalised
715:All may be glottalised (or 'broken' with a
607:"I love him/her." traditionally written
592:"I love you." traditionally written
499:(a) no ending, used for perfective aspect:
2091:
1895:
1660:
1651:
1630:
1616:
1608:
1096:
960:
946:
938:
544:"If you were to look (but you won't) ..."
29:
789:, and the vowel is intermediate between
815:
199:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
229:spoken primarily in northern eastern
7:
217:The Distribution of Kusaal Speakers.
25:
540:subjunctive for irrealis :
768:system with two tones and emic
638:
628:
602:
587:
558:
550:
524:
509:
479:
469:
416:
404:
394:
386:
377:
369:
360:
352:
343:
335:
326:
318:
739:. In the orthography a letter
1:
27:Gur language spoken in Ghana
503:"I've looked at the goat."
2332:
514:ending, for imperfective:
374:"item of clothing" plural
76:121,000 (2021 census)
683:in Dagbani and Hanga and
647:"the", follows its noun)
529:for positive imperative:
450:"You didn't see a goat."
309:, and has only a natural
185:
37:
916:Eddyshaw, David (2021).
438:"Did You see the goat?"
1501:Adamorobe Sign Language
999:Ghanaian Pidgin English
833:(subscription required)
1496:Ghanaian Sign Language
928:10.5281/zenodo.1136235
757:is a final consonant.
555:gerund, verbal noun:
518:"I look at the goat."
454:AnoĘĽone daa nye buuga?
187:This article contains
1506:Nanabin Sign Language
656:"all my three goats"
559:o gosig la mor dabiem
1093:Indigenous languages
1008:Government-sponsored
654:m buus atanĘĽ la wusa
533:"Look at the goat!"
448:Fu daa pu nye buuga.
2311:Oti–Volta languages
1515:Immigrant languages
919:A Grammar of Kusaal
643:"the goat's foot" (
551:-b(o), -g(o), -r(e)
436:Fu daa nye buug la.
357:"leg, foot" plural
2306:Languages of Ghana
969:Languages of Ghana
666:consonant clusters
456:"Who saw a goat?"
444:"You saw a goat."
428:of words, such as
401:A unpaired suffix
18:Koussassé language
2293:
2292:
2192:
2191:
2081:
2080:
2031:
2030:
1852:
1851:
1605:
1604:
1484:
1483:
976:Official language
831:(18th ed., 2015)
542:Fu yaĘĽa gosin ...
391:"gazelle" plural
213:
212:
195:rendering support
191:phonetic symbols.
16:(Redirected from
2323:
2092:
1896:
1661:
1652:
1632:
1625:
1618:
1609:
1097:
992:Creole languages
962:
955:
948:
939:
932:
931:
913:
907:
902:
896:
895:
893:
892:
883:
875:
869:
868:
866:
865:
850:
844:
841:
835:
834:
820:
760:The language is
737:nasal consonants
641:
640:
631:
630:
605:
604:
590:
589:
561:
560:
553:
552:
527:
526:
516:M gosid buug la.
512:
511:
482:
481:
472:
471:
442:Fu daa nye buug.
426:underlying forms
419:
418:
407:
406:
397:
396:
389:
388:
380:
379:
372:
371:
363:
362:
355:
354:
346:
345:
338:
337:
329:
328:
323:"person" plural
321:
320:
181:
165:
158:
138:
86:
30:
21:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2289:
2248:
2220:
2188:
2162:
2121:
2077:
2027:
1976:
1940:
1885:
1848:
1817:
1776:
1690:
1641:
1636:
1606:
1601:
1510:
1480:
1444:
1416:
1263:
1088:
1003:
987:
971:
966:
936:
935:
915:
914:
910:
903:
899:
890:
888:
881:
877:
876:
872:
863:
861:
852:
851:
847:
842:
838:
832:
821:
817:
812:
803:
782:
662:
618:
579:
494:
462:
299:
283:
267:
220:
219:
218:
193:Without proper
177:
161:
154:
139:
134:
128:
87:
84:Language family
82:
73:
72:Native speakers
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2329:
2327:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2298:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2230:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2202:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2098:
2096:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1902:
1900:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1862:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1667:
1665:
1658:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1612:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1492:
1490:
1489:Sign languages
1486:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1426:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1273:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1105:
1103:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1004:
1002:
1001:
995:
993:
989:
988:
986:
985:
979:
977:
973:
972:
967:
965:
964:
957:
950:
942:
934:
933:
908:
897:
870:
845:
836:
814:
813:
811:
808:
802:
799:
781:
778:
661:
658:
617:
614:
578:
575:
531:Gosim buug la!
501:M gos buug la.
493:
490:
484:"white goats"
474:"white goat"
461:
458:
340:"goat" plural
298:
295:
282:
279:
266:
263:
216:
215:
214:
211:
210:
197:, you may see
183:
182:
175:
167:
166:
159:
151:
150:
149:Language codes
146:
145:
140:
136:Writing system
133:
130:
129:
127:
126:
125:
124:
123:
122:
121:
120:
119:
118:
98:Atlantic–Congo
90:
88:
81:
78:
77:
74:
71:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
44:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2328:
2317:
2316:Kusasi people
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
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239:Kusaal people
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208:
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19:
2226:Wara–Natyoro
1906:Bago-Kusuntu
1392:Nyangbo-Tafi
1337:Jwira-Pepesa
918:
911:
900:
889:. Retrieved
886:munin.uit.no
885:
873:
862:. Retrieved
858:ling.auf.net
857:
848:
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728:
724:
720:
717:glottal stop
709:
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274:
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268:
242:
235:Burkina Faso
227:Gur language
222:
221:
186:
170:
115:
51:Burkina Faso
2158:Syer-Tenyer
1647:Central Gur
860:. July 2010
780:Orthography
672:") vowels.
670:svarabhakti
571:Serial verb
480:bupielis(e)
470:bupielig(a)
273:. The name
257:, Garu and
201:instead of
92:Niger–Congo
2300:Categories
1788:Gourmanché
1572:Portuguese
1397:Santrokofi
1322:Chumburung
922:. Zenodo.
891:2018-04-20
864:2018-04-20
828:Ethnologue
810:References
719:) , as in
712:diphthongs
677:labiovelar
633:"my goat"
595:M bood if.
588:M boodi f.
460:Adjectives
303:noun class
247:Bawku West
2143:Nyarafolo
1876:Cwi Bwamu
1656:Oti–Volta
770:downsteps
766:terracing
733:nasalised
660:Phonology
610:M bood o.
307:Gurmanche
287:Oti–Volta
172:Glottolog
156:ISO 639-3
111:Oti–Volta
61:Ethnicity
2167:Southern
2107:Nanerigé
2102:Minyanka
2095:Northern
2013:Tamprusi
1945:Northern
1793:Konkomba
1762:Safaliba
1742:Mamprusi
1577:Japanese
1471:Nafaanra
1317:Cherepon
1234:Tamprusi
1219:Safaliba
1179:Mamprusi
1164:Konkomba
639:la nobir
603:M boodu.
577:Pronouns
421:"water"
417:kuĘĽom(m)
387:molif(o)
353:nɔbir(e)
327:nidib(a)
207:Help:IPA
179:kusa1250
107:Northern
2244:Natioro
2211:Lomakka
2206:Kulango
2198:Kulango
2184:Tagwana
2179:Nafanan
2174:Djimini
2148:Kpalaga
2133:Cebaara
2126:Central
2117:Supyire
2043:Koromfe
2008:Sisaala
1998:Paasaal
1988:Chakali
1981:Western
1952:Kalamsé
1899:Eastern
1891:Gurunsi
1808:Ngangam
1732:Kantosi
1712:Dagbani
1707:Dagaare
1702:Birifor
1695:Western
1681:Tammari
1676:Mbelime
1664:Eastern
1587:Russian
1567:Chinese
1547:Italian
1537:Spanish
1532:Punjabi
1522:English
1430:Bambara
1312:Chakosi
1302:Avatime
1292:Animere
1224:Sisaala
1214:Paasaal
1159:Kantosi
1119:Chakali
1109:Birifor
1054:Dagbani
1049:Dagaare
1030:Akuapem
983:English
395:moli(i)
378:fuud(e)
370:fuug(o)
361:nɔba(a)
344:bʋʋs(e)
336:bʋʋg(a)
281:Grammar
255:Tempane
203:Unicode
65:Kusaasi
2260:Bariba
2253:Others
2239:Paleni
2153:Senara
2112:Sucite
2087:Senufo
2068:Dogoso
2036:Others
1957:Kasena
1921:Kabiyé
1813:Ntcham
1803:Nateni
1737:Kusasi
1727:Kamara
1717:Frafra
1592:Danish
1582:Romani
1562:Arabic
1557:Hebrew
1542:German
1527:French
1476:Yoruba
1449:Others
1440:Tonjon
1387:Nkonya
1362:Lelemi
1357:Larteh
1352:Krache
1307:Bowili
1282:Ahanta
1204:Ntcham
1174:Kusasi
1154:Kamara
1139:Frafra
1059:Dangme
1025:Asante
823:Kusaal
629:m buug
616:Syntax
319:nid(a)
311:gender
275:Kusasi
271:Kusaal
259:Pusiga
243:Kusasi
233:, and
223:Kusaal
116:Kusaal
43:Region
38:KĘ‹saal
33:Kusaal
2280:Vyemo
2275:Tusya
2270:Tiefo
2234:Samwe
2053:Turka
2048:Cerma
2023:Winye
2018:Vagla
2003:Phuie
1962:Lyélé
1931:Lukpa
1911:Chala
1866:Bwamu
1839:Nawdm
1834:Konni
1822:Other
1781:Gurma
1767:Talni
1757:Notre
1752:Nabit
1747:Mooré
1722:Hanga
1686:Waama
1671:Berba
1597:Dutch
1552:Hindi
1461:Hausa
1435:Ligbi
1422:Mande
1402:Sehwi
1382:Nkami
1372:Logba
1367:Likpe
1347:Kposo
1327:Efutu
1297:Anyin
1277:Adele
1254:Winye
1244:Vagla
1229:Talni
1199:Notre
1194:Nabit
1189:Mooré
1169:Konni
1149:Kabye
1144:Hanga
1124:Chala
1084:Nzema
1079:Kasem
1074:Gonja
1042:Fante
882:(PDF)
801:Study
762:tonal
725:kuĘĽom
721:buĘĽud
693:and
685:ky/gy
525:-m(a)
510:-d(a)
492:Verbs
430:buuga
405:-m(m)
297:Nouns
291:Moore
265:Names
251:Bawku
241:, or
231:Ghana
225:is a
143:Latin
47:Ghana
2285:Yobe
2265:Samo
2216:TĂ©Ă©n
2063:Dyan
2058:Lobi
1972:Pana
1967:Nuni
1926:Lama
1916:Delo
1881:Bomu
1829:Buli
1798:Moba
1772:Wali
1466:Mpur
1412:Wasa
1407:Siwu
1377:Mpra
1342:Kebu
1287:Anii
1259:Yobe
1249:Wali
1209:Nuni
1184:Moba
1134:Delo
1114:Buli
1035:Bono
1015:Akan
793:and
787:boog
774:mora
703:and
681:ch/j
547:(e)
536:(d)
521:(c)
506:(b)
411:e.g.
55:Togo
2138:Kar
2073:Khe
1993:Deg
1936:Tem
1858:Bwa
1844:Yom
1456:Gbe
1332:Gua
1269:Kwa
1239:Tem
1129:Deg
1101:Gur
1064:Ewe
1020:Twi
924:doi
825:at
729:buĘĽ
538:-in
189:IPA
163:kus
103:Gur
2302::
1069:Ga
884:.
856:.
748:nn
696:Ĺ‹m
690:ny
645:la
413:,
253:,
94:?
53:,
49:,
1631:e
1624:t
1617:v
961:e
954:t
947:v
930:.
926::
894:.
867:.
795:o
791:u
754:n
742:n
705:w
701:y
209:.
20:)
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