433:
69:
356:
while maintaining the appearance of an adventure novel, Umiński wrote a book foreshadowing sacrifice and struggle... Only after the war can one think of home... a book about Poles and the Polish future approaching with
177:, where he is exploited, escapes through the jungle to the United States, fights bandits, works on the railways, in hotels, and factories, joins the American army, participates in the suppression of the last
125:, first serialized in 1909, with a book edition published in 1912. The novel saw nearly 10 editions. It depicts the harsh, "bloody" labor of the protagonist, a Polish immigrant in the United States.
150:
in 1909 (issues 5–28, 35–52) and continued into the following year (issues 3-11, 13-26, 28, 32, 35-47, 49–53), before being released as a book in 1912 by
303:
523:
178:
578:
386:
is a member of the multi-million army of
Chicago's unemployed, brutally exploited by factory owners during the seasonal work period.
252:
161:. Subsequent editions appeared in 1916, 1921, 1928, 1948, 1954, 1955, 1957, and 1968. The novel was also translated into English.
705:
680:
205:
169:
The protagonist of the novel is Sobiesław Mrocki, a Polish immigrant searching for work in
America after deserting from the
599:
333:
342:
and that the setting in
America was dictated by the realities in which the book was written (the period of partitions and
263:
it is not just a colorful world of adventure. It also tells the truth about the lives of
European immigrants to America.
247:
619:
500:
659:
328:
122:
28:
715:
374:
containing many strong social accents, indicating the ambition to address the broader issues relevant to the era.
544:
362:
298:
228:
151:
268:
257:
noted that the protagonist, by joining the
American army that suppressed the Native American uprising,
139:
710:
233:
367:
216:
134:
479:
315:
273:
560:
471:
372:
wrote that the book refers to themes of Poles in exile and the fight for national liberation,
46:
156:
144:
639:
Zieliński, Stanisław (1968). "Posłowie" [Afterword]. In Umiński, Władysław (ed.).
181:
uprising, and eventually gains wealth, a wife, and becomes the owner of a plantation in
699:
170:
325:
despite the
American setting, 'Znojny Chleb' is a book about Poles and Polish issues
221:
201:, based on the authentic experiences of immigrants, though somewhat embellished.
416:
Contemporary Polish
Writers and Literary Scholars: A Biobibliographic Dictionary
343:
409:
628:] (in Polish). Warszawskie Wydawn. Prasowe RSW "Prasa". 1969. p. 134.
182:
564:
475:
587:] (in Polish). Stowarzyszenie Bibliotekarzy Polskich. 1957. p. 379.
547:[Outsiders of Literature: Kornel Makuszyński and Władysław Umiński]
509:] (in Polish). Stowarzyszenie Bibliotekarzy Polskich. 1968. p. 387.
259:
achieved his desired prosperity at the cost of betraying his youthful ideals
411:
Współcześni polscy pisarze i badacze literatury. Słownik biobibliograficzny
210:
educationally harmful, with racist overtones, glorifying the United States
483:
292:
vital ideas of national liberation and the wandering fate of emigrants.
212:; however, it was allowed for publication a few years later in 1954.
174:
74:
384:, specifically drawing attention to the fact that its protagonist
321:
happy, even miraculously happy ending has always puzzled critics.
545:"Autsajderzy literatury: Kornel Makuszyński i Władysław Umiński"
668:] (in Polish). Państwowe Wydawn. Naukowe. pp. 592–594.
311:
social novel... noble in its tendency, but literarily mediocre.
286:) from 1968, praised the book, writing that it is one of the
436:["In Desert and Wilderness" by Henryk Sienkiewicz]
378:
participate – for wages – in suppressing freedom movements.
340:
fulfills the native myth of deserved rest in one's homeland
109:
Adventures of a Young Polish
Wanderer in Europe and America
101:); the subtitle was omitted or changed in some editions to
261:. The reviewer spoke positively of the book, noting that
687:
Great
Writers for Children: (Sienkiewicz and Konopnicka)
532:] (in Polish). Wiedza Powszechna. 1969. p. 112.
204:
In 1950, plans to publish the book were rejected by the
104:
Przygody młodego tułacza polskiego w
Europie i w Ameryce
647:] (in Polish). Nasza Księgarnia. pp. 309–313.
327:
and recommended paying attention to the afterword by
502:
Literatura piękna: adnotowany rocznik biliograficzny
408:
Czachowska, Jadwiga; Szałagan, Alicja, eds. (2003).
682:
Wielcy pisarze-dzieciom: (Sienkiewicz i Konopnicka)
199:
a very interesting adventure novel for young people
62:
52:
42:
34:
24:
462:Andrea, M. (1946). "America in the Polish Novel".
338:in the edition, in which he argued that the book
89:Bloody Bread. The Adventures of a Polish Wanderer
380:Earlier, she had written that the book contains
121:) – is an adventure novel for young readers by
434:""W pustyni i w puszczy" Henryka Sienkiewicza"
559:. Białystok: Uniwersytet w Białymstoku: 308.
8:
608:] (in Polish). Vol. 2. p. 686.
19:
689:] (in Polish). Nasza Księg. p. 48.
376:She also pointed out that the protagonists
18:
507:Fiction: Annotated Bibliographic Yearbook
119:Adventures of a Polish Worker in America
84:Krwawy chleb. Przygody polskiego tułacza
395:
193:In 1946, Sister M. Andrea, writing for
114:Przygody robotnika polskiego w Ameryce
666:Literature of the Young Poland Period
239:described the novel's protagonist as
7:
518:
516:
495:
493:
457:
455:
427:
425:
403:
401:
399:
173:. He works on coffee plantations in
16:Adventure novel by Władysław Umiński
346:). Zieliński wrote that this book,
14:
137:form in the illustrated magazine
133:The novel was first published in
67:
679:Kuliczkowska, Krystyna (1964).
661:Literatura okresu Młodej Polski
658:Kuliczkowska, Krystyna (1973).
418:] (in Polish). p. 437.
208:, with the comment that it was
553:Wschodni Rocznik Humanistyczny
313:That same year, a reviewer in
248:Polish Librarians' Association
1:
246:In 1957, a reviewer from the
598:Kurdybacha, Łukasz (1968).
354:for California but rather,
732:
543:Budrowska, Kamila (2015).
91:) – later editions titled
348:not forgotten by readers
323:The reviewer noted that
309:described the book as a
288:novels of enduring value
197:, described the book as
464:Polish American Studies
432:Lange, Andrzej (1956).
195:Polish American Studies
706:Polish-language novels
382:sharp social criticism
189:Reception and analysis
621:Miesięcznik literacki
363:Krystyna Kuliczkowska
299:Miesięcznik Literacki
606:History of Education
284:History of Education
241:exploited everywhere
601:Historia wychowania
442:Pamiętnik Literacki
329:Stanisław Zieliński
280:Historia wychowania
229:Pamiętnik Literacki
152:Gebethner and Wolff
129:Publication history
21:
585:Fiction Literature
319:observed that its
580:Literatura piękna
269:Łukasz Kurdybacha
206:communist censors
140:Wieczory Rodzinne
123:Władysław Umiński
80:
79:
63:Publication place
47:adventure fiction
29:Władysław Umiński
723:
716:Adventure novels
691:
690:
676:
670:
669:
655:
649:
648:
636:
630:
629:
626:Literary Monthly
616:
610:
609:
595:
589:
588:
575:
569:
568:
550:
540:
534:
533:
520:
511:
510:
497:
488:
487:
459:
450:
449:
439:
429:
420:
419:
405:
371:
352:an advertisement
337:
307:
277:
256:
237:
225:
160:
148:
73:
71:
70:
54:Publication date
22:
731:
730:
726:
725:
724:
722:
721:
720:
696:
695:
694:
678:
677:
673:
657:
656:
652:
638:
637:
633:
618:
617:
613:
597:
596:
592:
577:
576:
572:
548:
542:
541:
537:
522:
521:
514:
499:
498:
491:
461:
460:
453:
437:
431:
430:
423:
407:
406:
397:
393:
365:
331:
301:
271:
250:
231:
219:
191:
179:Native American
167:
154:
142:
131:
68:
66:
55:
17:
12:
11:
5:
729:
727:
719:
718:
713:
708:
698:
697:
693:
692:
671:
650:
645:Toilsome Bread
631:
611:
590:
570:
535:
512:
489:
470:(1/2): 13–20.
451:
421:
394:
392:
389:
190:
187:
166:
163:
130:
127:
99:Toilsome Bread
78:
77:
64:
60:
59:
56:
53:
50:
49:
44:
40:
39:
36:
32:
31:
26:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
728:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
703:
701:
688:
684:
683:
675:
672:
667:
663:
662:
654:
651:
646:
642:
635:
632:
627:
623:
622:
615:
612:
607:
603:
602:
594:
591:
586:
582:
581:
574:
571:
566:
562:
558:
555:(in Polish).
554:
546:
539:
536:
531:
527:
526:
519:
517:
513:
508:
504:
503:
496:
494:
490:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
458:
456:
452:
448:(4): 351–388.
447:
444:(in Polish).
443:
435:
428:
426:
422:
417:
413:
412:
404:
402:
400:
396:
390:
388:
387:
383:
379:
375:
369:
364:
359:
358:
353:
349:
345:
341:
335:
330:
326:
322:
318:
317:
312:
308:
305:
300:
294:
293:
290:, presenting
289:
285:
281:
275:
270:
265:
264:
260:
254:
249:
244:
242:
238:
235:
230:
223:
218:
217:Andrzej Lange
213:
211:
207:
202:
200:
196:
188:
186:
184:
180:
176:
172:
171:Prussian Army
164:
162:
158:
153:
149:
146:
141:
136:
128:
126:
124:
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
100:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
76:
65:
61:
57:
51:
48:
45:
41:
37:
33:
30:
27:
23:
20:Krwawy chleb
686:
681:
674:
665:
660:
653:
644:
641:Znojny chleb
640:
634:
625:
620:
614:
605:
600:
593:
584:
579:
573:
556:
552:
538:
529:
525:Nowe książki
524:
506:
501:
467:
463:
445:
441:
415:
410:
385:
381:
377:
373:
360:
355:
351:
347:
339:
324:
320:
316:Nowe Książki
314:
310:
297:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
266:
262:
258:
245:
240:
227:
214:
209:
203:
198:
194:
192:
168:
138:
132:
118:
113:
112:
108:
103:
102:
98:
94:Znojny chleb
93:
92:
88:
83:
82:
81:
711:1909 novels
366: [
344:World War I
332: [
302: [
272: [
251: [
232: [
220: [
155: [
143: [
700:Categories
391:References
267:Pedagogue
183:California
135:serialized
565:1731-982X
530:New Books
476:0032-2806
361:In 1973,
350:, is not
296:In 1969,
278:, in his
215:In 1956,
484:20147060
35:Language
563:
482:
474:
175:Brazil
75:Poland
72:
38:Polish
25:Author
685:[
664:[
643:[
624:[
604:[
583:[
549:(PDF)
528:[
505:[
480:JSTOR
438:(PDF)
414:[
370:]
336:]
306:]
276:]
255:]
236:]
224:]
159:]
147:]
111:) or
43:Genre
561:ISSN
472:ISSN
357:war.
165:Plot
58:1909
226:in
702::
557:12
551:.
515:^
492:^
478:.
466:.
454:^
446:47
440:.
424:^
398:^
368:pl
334:pl
304:pl
274:pl
253:pl
243:.
234:pl
222:pl
185:.
157:pl
145:pl
567:.
486:.
468:3
282:(
117:(
107:(
97:(
87:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.