40:
301:
560:
731:, uses the mystery of Nungesser and Coli's disappearance as the key plot device. A young girl, who struggles with her pilot father's death in an aircraft crash years before, visits her grandmother in Newfoundland. While there, she encounters the ghosts of Nungesser and Coli, whose restless spirits constantly relive their own unheralded 1927 crash in a nearby pond. The girl decides to help the pair move on to the afterlife by assisting them in rebuilding their aircraft and completing their flight so they may be released and, by doing so, works through her own emotional distress over her father's test flight death. In the opening montage of the 2005 film
178:
631:
170:
482:
1787:
1763:
771:
528:, who heard a sputtering aircraft fly over his isolated camp at Round Lake late in the afternoon of 9 May 1927. Berry had not been able to see the aircraft because of fog and low clouds, but he heard a crash or forced landing in the distance. He tried to locate the crash site, but was unsuccessful. Hansen and others researched the mystery during the 1980s and located multiple witnesses who reported memories of the aircraft in a line from Nova Scotia down to eastern Maine.
474:, it would indicate that the flight was far behind schedule, as they would have been in the 40th hour of flight. This delay could be explained, however, by the fact that the aircraft was flying against the prevailing weather pattern. Fishermen off the coast of Newfoundland reported that the weather had turned cold and foul, which might have caused the delay. In May 1927, the United States Coast Guard found an airplane wing in Napeague Bay at
614:, The International Group for Historic Aircraft Recovery, has called the aircraft, "History's Most Important Missing Airplane". It has been claimed that if the aircraft had successfully completed its journey, Lindbergh would not qualify for the Orteig Prize. When Lindbergh did succeed with his own flight across the Atlantic, the international attention on his achievement was possibly enhanced because of the disappearance of
904:
642:. Honoring Lindbergh, Nungesser and Coli, it is inscribed: "A ceux qui tentèrent et celui qui accomplit" (trans.: "To those who tried and to the one who succeeded"). The French issued a commemorative postage stamp in 1967, 40 years after the flight, to honor Nungesser and Coli's attempt. A street, Rue Nungesser et Coli, is named after the aviators, along the
890:
348:
Field in Paris, heading for New York. Their PL.8-01 weighed 5,000 kg (11,000 lb) on takeoff, extremely heavy for a single-engined aircraft, barely clearing a line of trees at the end of the field. Gathering an escort of French fighter aircraft, Nungesser and Coli turned back as planned, and
328:
The evaluations proceeded successfully through the flight envelope without major changes required to the basic design. The only incident of note was a fire that broke out in the hangar where the PL.8-01 had been stored. Scorched fabric on the top wing was the result with effective repairs carried out
143:
is considered one of the great mysteries in the history of aviation. Many rumors circulated about the fate of the aircraft and crew, with mainstream opinion at the time being that it was probably lost in a squall over the
Atlantic. Investigations starting in the 1980s suggest that it probably reached
260:
The PL.8 also incorporated several safety features in case of ditching at sea. Apart from small floats attached directly to the undersides of the lower wing, the main units of the fixed, tailskid undercarriage could be jettisoned on takeoff, in order to reduce the aircraft's weight. The underside of
587:
had made it to the continent. Little of the aircraft would have remained, since it was created primarily from plywood and canvas. The parts most likely to endure would have been the engine and the aluminum fuel tanks. In Maine, bits and pieces of struts were found, and wood similar to the kind used
256:
Major modifications included the reinforcement of the plywood fuselage, and removing two of the forward cockpits so the main cockpit could be widened to allow
Nungesser and Coli to sit side by side. The wingspan was also increased to approximately 15 m (49 ft). Two additional fuel tanks
198:
offered the $ 25,000 Orteig Prize (approximately equivalent to $ 439,000 in 2023) to the first aviators to make a non-stop transatlantic flight between New York and Paris in the next five years. No one won the prize, so he renewed the offer in 1924. At that point, aviation technology was more
417:
had been carrying a sizable load of fuel, 4,000 litres (1,100 US gal), which would have given them approximately 42 hours of flight time. After this time had passed, with no word as to the aircraft's fate, it was realized that the aircraft had been lost. In France, the public was
626:
in 1927, to mark the last place from which the biplane was seen in France, but it was destroyed in 1942 by the occupying German army. A new 24 m (79 ft) high monument, the "Monument
Nungesser et Coli", was erected in 1963 atop one of the cliffs. There is also a nearby museum.
588:
to build the biplane. Engine metal was also found near the town of
Machias that was not typical to the United States or Canada. Two residents described a large metal object, a "really big motor", which had been dragged out of the woods for salvage along a logging path. In 2011,
556:(NUMA) organization also attempted to solve the mystery, searching for the aircraft in Maine and in Newfoundland. They made multiple visits in the 1980s and interviewed hunters, fishermen, and others who said that they had seen or heard the aircraft pass by in 1927.
575:
that
Nungesser and Coli had "vanished like midnight ghosts". In 1992, divers traveled to Newfoundland and searched Great Gull Pond for a wreck, but they found nothing and were not even sure that they had located the right lake. Other lakes were also searched, from
537:
advanced the theory that the two aviators made it across the ocean but crashed and perished in the woods of Maine. Nungesser's relative
William Nungesser made several trips to Maine to search, focusing his energies around the north slope of Round Lake Hills in
618:
just days earlier. It is also suggested that it was
Lindbergh's historic success which gave a major boost to the American aviation industry, without which the course of America's military and industrial accomplishments might have been quite different.
470:, Newfoundland, reported sighting a white aircraft circling in haze or fog late on 9 May 1927. There were no aircraft on the island and no overflights taking place, and the local newspapers highlighted a "mystery" aircraft. If these sightings were of
218:
biplane. Tarascon was badly burned and relinquished his place as pilot to 35-year-old
Charles Nungesser, a highly experienced flying ace with over 40 victories, third highest among the French. He had been planning a solo crossing to win the
155:
The disappearance of
Nungesser and Coli has an extensive legacy and is referred to in many films and museums. A street in Paris is named after them and a commemorative postage stamp was issued in 1967. A statue at the Paris
2005:
1578:
653:
In 1928, the
Ontario Surveyor General named a number of lakes in the northwest of the province to honour aviators who had perished during 1927, mainly in attempting oceanic flights. Amongst these are Coli Lake
1529:
290:, candles and a coffin, on a black heart, painted on the fuselage. The biplane carried no radio and relied only on celestial navigation, a specialty of Coli from his previous flights around the Mediterranean.
454:, took off from New York on his own famous journey. After a flight of 33 hours, 30 minutes, he received a hero's welcome when he arrived in Paris, even as the French mourned the loss of Nungesser and Coli.
507:
s engine had been located in Maine, but nothing was confirmed. Stories emerged in 1948 from reports that caribou hunters and fur trappers had found aircraft wreckage in Great Gull Pond in Newfoundland.
206:, who had been making record-breaking flights around the Mediterranean Sea. He also had been planning a transatlantic flight since 1923. His original plans were to fly with his wartime comrade
1998:
752:
As of 2008, the landing gear (or, more accurately, "takeoff gear", since there was no intention to land on it) is the only confirmed part of the biplane remaining, and is on display at the
1464:
Jackson, Joe, "Atlantic Fever: Lindbergh, His Competitors, and the Race to Cross the Atlantic", Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York, 2012, Library of Congress card number 2011046068,
325:. Although full fuel loads were never carried, during one flight, it reached a speed of 207 kilometres per hour (129 mph) and flight elevation of 4,900 m (16,100 ft).
317:
In April 1927, the PL.8-01 was shipped from the factory for Nungesser to begin a series of proving tests to determine aircraft performance. Most of the flights were conducted around
2322:
1991:
199:
advanced and many people were working toward winning it. Most were attempting to fly from New York to Paris, but a number of French aviators planned to fly from Paris to New York.
2343:
439:
also sent out two search aircraft, of which one crashed. Searchers including the French Navy, the United States Navy, and the Royal Canadian Navy scoured the route, including
531:
In 1984, the French government made an official investigation, concluding that it was possible that the aircraft had reached Newfoundland. In 1989, the NBC television series
2347:
1428:
Meridan Daily Journal June 9, 1927 -it is unknown if the wreckage was from the L'Oiseau Blanc or from the missing aircraft on Mansell James who had disappeared in 1919
1628:
466:
crashed over the Atlantic due to a squall. Nonetheless, 12 witnesses in Newfoundland and Maine claimed to have heard the aircraft as it passed overhead. Residents at
371:
Once in the air, the biplane was escorted to the French coast by four military aircraft led by French Air Force Captain Venson, and sighted from the coastal town of
261:
the fuselage was given a boat-like shape and made watertight for a water landing. Nungesser and Coli's plan was to make a water landing in New York, in front of the
2169:
2147:
1443:
1406:
2313:
1427:
424:, which had printed false reports about the aircraft's arrival, and outrage was generated against the companies involved, with demonstrations in the streets.
2116:
1601:"Charles Lindbergh Won the Prize, but Did His Rival Get There First? A Countryman Tries to Unravel the Unsolved Mystery of Charles Nungesser's Last Flight."
2187:
2031:
1970:
2282:
2107:
239:
in Paris, Nungesser and Coli, working closely with Chief Engineer Émile Farret and production manager Albert Longelot, assisted in the design of the new
2178:
1603:
114:
biplane that disappeared in 1927 during an attempt to make the first non-stop transatlantic flight between Paris and New York City to compete for the
1016:
2386:
594:
reported that an unofficial French team was focusing on theories that the aircraft crashed off the coast of Canada after flying over Newfoundland.
2098:
1574:
1525:
754:
2396:
2291:
1939:
1924:
1894:
1879:
1864:
1849:
1834:
1469:
749:, the protagonist muses about the fate of the French aviators and compares them to valiant athletes who are defeated in the arena of sports.
738:
553:
279:
engines. The engine was tested to ensure it would last the entire flight, and was run for over 40 hours while still in the Parisian factory.
1709:
1689:
2089:
1122:
329:
shortly after. On 7 May 1927, after the tests were complete, the aircraft was prepared for its record flight, flying from Villacoublay to
257:
were mounted aft of the firewall, meaning the PL.8's three fuel tanks held a total of 4,025 L (1,063 US gal) of gasoline.
2138:
413:. In France, some newspapers even reported that Nungesser and Coli had arrived safely in New York, evoking a wave of French patriotism.
236:
253:, the PL.8 was a conventional, single-bay, wood and fabric-covered biplane that carried a crew of two in a side-by-side, open cockpit.
2331:
2300:
2049:
1382:
1909:
1153:
405:
in Manhattan to have a good view of the Statue of Liberty, where the aircraft was scheduled to touch down. Rumors circulated that
214:
with 12 victories from the war. They became interested in the Orteig Prize in 1925, but in late 1926, an accident destroyed their
2260:
2014:
1728:
1064:
248:
2080:
2071:
318:
287:
1663:
1808:
500:
as well as the belief that Nungesser and Coli were living with indigenous peoples in Canada. In 1930, claims circulated that
382:, who recorded the note in his log, that he observed a biplane at 300 m altitude, 20 nautical miles southwest of the tip of
1625:
492:
There were many rumors concerning the aircraft's disappearance, including a theory that the aviators had been shot down by
2381:
1508:
1227:
330:
2371:
2239:
647:
420:
1439:
1402:
1143:
223:
Prize, but designer Pierre Levasseur insisted that he consider Coli as his navigator in a new two-place variant of the
275:
was used, with the cylinders set in three banks angled 60° apart from one another, similar to the arrangement used in
20:
1032:
427:
In the immediate aftermath of their disappearance, an international search was launched to find Nungesser and Coli.
286:, was painted white, and had the French tricolor markings, with Nungesser's personal World War I flying ace logo: a
688:
657:
157:
2376:
2366:
1961:
1309:
401:
Crowds of people gathered in New York to witness the historic arrival, with tens of thousands of people crowding
922:
643:
539:
436:
1611:
590:
177:
1975:
1600:
2248:
770:
360:, over the southwestern part of England and Ireland, across the Atlantic to Newfoundland, then south over
203:
2156:
1557:
Heins, Catherine. "White Bird's trail fading – Many convinced trans-Atlantic flier made it to Maine."
927:
272:
1661:"La vie aerienne: Deux grand departs, ont eu lieu ce matin pour le record d'endurance." (in French)
300:
917:
737:, based on Cussler's novel, a French newspaper article is displayed reporting a fictional story of
481:
132:
39:
478:, Long Island Sound; aircraft wreckage was seen in August 1927, 200 miles off the New York Coast.
2196:
1705:
1682:
1359:
1346:
733:
639:
543:
533:
444:
1983:
1119:
1071:
Ministry of Transport, Republic of France, June 1984 via tighar.org. Retrieved: 18 January 2009.
746:
276:
2391:
2209:
2125:
2040:
1935:
1920:
1905:
1890:
1875:
1860:
1845:
1830:
1804:
1781:
1757:
1739:
1716:
Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (Toronto, Ontario), 2007, p 14. Retrieved: 19 July 2011.
1559:
1465:
1149:
835:
516:
294:
269:
262:
127:
126:
took off from Paris on 8 May 1927 and were last seen over Ireland. Less than two weeks later,
119:
1953:
173:
L–R: François Coli and Charles Nungesser posed for publicity photographs prior to the flight.
2269:
1976:"Charles Lindbergh Won the Prize, but Did His Rival Get There First?" by Sebastian Moffett,
1351:
1281:
559:
123:
1379:
1732:
1713:
1693:
1667:
1632:
1607:
1512:
1386:
1231:
1126:
1068:
909:
357:
1762:
1786:
450:
Twelve days after Nungesser and Coli's departure, Charles Lindbergh, flying solo in the
2058:
758:(French Air and Space Museum), in Le Bourget airport in Paris, the location from which
577:
525:
240:
224:
195:
111:
62:
1061:
723:
is occasionally mentioned in literature and films. The 1999 made-for-TV Canadian film
2360:
2230:
1971:
French flying aces 'beat Charles Lindbergh's record' by Henry Samuel, telegraph.co.uk
959:
Nungesser had the aircraft painted white to aid in recognition if forced down at sea.
607:
549:
511:
475:
467:
432:
387:
244:
207:
1660:
1646:
895:
402:
353:
220:
145:
115:
169:
1350:(The Johns Hopkins University Press), Volume 10, Issue 1, Spring 1958, pp. 3–16.
488:
depicted in a contemporary painting, after the undercarriage has been jettisoned.
1644:
Schofield, Brian. "Hop over: five-day drives just across the Channel – France."
493:
410:
395:
383:
361:
514:'s article "The Unfinished Flight of the White Bird" in the June 1980 issue of
122:(third highest French ace with 43 air combat victories during World War I) and
1842:
Atlantic Fever: Lindbergh, His Competitors, and the Race to Cross the Atlantic
1504:
1224:
885:
623:
564:
372:
211:
163:
1872:
Oceans, Poles and Airmen: The First Flights Over Wide Waters and Desolate Ice
1725:
703:
690:
672:
659:
634:
Statue honoring Nungesser, Coli and Lindbergh, at Le Bourget Airport in Paris
390:. In Ireland, an aircraft overhead was reported by a resident of the town of
630:
571:
The NUMA expedition was named "Midnight Ghost" after Lindbergh's comment in
391:
968:
Period radios were considered too unreliable to be worth the extra weight.
435:, to search the area between New York and Newfoundland for nine days. The
130:
successfully made the New York–Paris journey and claimed the prize in the
1857:
Atlantic Wings 1919–1939: The Conquest of the North Atlantic by Aeroplane
1279:
Farrell, John Aloysius. "Unraveling the mystery of White Bird's flight."
440:
375:. A sighting was made by the commanding officer of the British submarine
322:
215:
1932:
The Spectacle of Flight: Aviation and the Western Imagination, 1920–1950
1919:. Portugal Cove-St. Phillips, Newfoundland: Boulder Publications, 2008.
1775:
1751:
1889:(Dover Transportation). Mineola, NY: Courier Dover Publications, 2000.
1363:
447:. With no sign of the aircraft, further search efforts were abandoned.
376:
202:
François Coli, age 45, was a World War I veteran and recipient of the
1934:. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2007, First edition 2005.
1307:
Clayton, John. "The White Bird: Tracking an aviation mystery to NH."
1132:(TIGHAR), Volume 3, Issue 1, Spring 1987. Retrieved: 17 January 2009.
611:
365:
1355:
1062:"Nungesser & Coli disappear aboard The White Bird – May, 1927."
162:
Airport honors the flight and there is a memorial on the cliffs of
629:
558:
480:
168:
149:
349:
at low altitude, immediately jettisoned the main undercarriage.
1987:
344:
Nungesser and Coli took off at 5:17 a.m., 8 May 1927 from
1859:. Hemel Hempstead, Herts, UK: Model Aeronautical Press, 1966.
394:
and a Catholic priest reported a sighting over the village of
638:
Another monument in France was inaugurated on 8 May 1928, at
524:. He described Anson Berry (d. 1936), a hermit living near
409:
had been sighted along its route, in Newfoundland, or over
1829:. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1999, First edition 1998.
443:, the northeast coast of the U.S. and the area around the
308:
over the northwest of France, England and Ireland in 1927.
1635:
Office de Tourisme d'Etretat. Retrieved: 16 January 2009.
243:
biplane. Based on the Levasseur PL.4 developed for the
1033:"Win fabulous prizes, all in the name of innovation."
19:"The White Bird" redirects here. For other uses, see
48:, with pictures of Nungesser (left) and Coli (right)
1742:), 16 January 1928, p. 13. Retrieved: 19 July 2011.
1344:Ward, John W. "The Meaning of Lindbergh's Flight".
1263:
1261:
437:
Canadian government search and rescue organizations
89:
81:
76:
68:
58:
53:
30:
1902:Transatlantic Flight: A Picture History, 1873–1939
583:Certain pieces were found which did suggest that
1904:. Mineoloa, NY: Dover publications, Inc., 2000.
1081:
1079:
1077:
166:, where their aircraft was last seen in France.
297:, 375 kW (500 hp) engine, was built.
93:Disappeared during transatlantic flight attempt
1057:
1055:
1053:
398:, then no further verified reports were made.
368:, and finally to a water landing in New York.
356:route, which would have taken them across the
1999:
1844:. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012.
1671:Journal des débats politiques et littéraires,
865:7,000 km (4,350 mi, 3,780 nmi)
727:, a children's film with the alternate title
8:
1197:Wiggens, Bill. "Mystery of the White Bird."
741:finding the aircraft. And in the 2018 novel
293:In 1928, a second PL-8, and equipped with a
247:to operate from the French aircraft carrier
1626:"Étretat naturellement belle." (in French).
2006:
1992:
1984:
1785:
1761:
1696:phil-ouest.com. Retrieved: 8 October 2009.
1380:"The Unfinished Flight of the White Bird."
1340:
1338:
1275:
1273:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
27:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1374:
1372:
853:193 km/h (120 mph, 100 kn)
1917:The Big Hop: The North Atlantic Air Race
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1115:
1113:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
859:165 km/h (102 mph, 89 kn)
769:
299:
176:
1500:
1498:
1022:9 May 2006. Retrieved: 16 January 2009.
986:
950:was commonly known as "The White Bird".
939:
16:French biplane that disappeared in 1927
2170:KLM Fokker F.III ForĂŞt de Mormal crash
1392:June 1980. Retrieved: 18 January 2009.
1220:
1218:
1216:
418:scandalized by the newspapers such as
1706:"St. Raphael Signature Site Strategy"
1575:"Bangor Daily News Sept 11, 1986 p.8"
1303:
1301:
1148:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 21.
1103:O'Mara, Richard. "Surviving Amelia."
567:, France, honoring Nungesser and Coli
563:Carving on the wall of the museum in
554:National Underwater and Marine Agency
118:. French World War I aviation heroes
7:
2210:Wooster and Davis's Pathfinder crash
1488:Laskey, Jane. "Uncovering ghosts."
798:9.75 m (31 ft 11 in)
1966:at the French Air and Space Museum
838:W-12ED , 340 kW (460 hp)
810:3.89 m (12 ft 9 in)
273:340 kilowatts (460 hp) engine
14:
1957:("The White Bird"), check-six.com
1726:"Lost Aviators: New Lakes Named."
1581:from the original on 6 April 2017
1532:from the original on 6 April 2017
1526:"Bangor Daily News July 13, 1987"
1515:NUMA. Retrieved: 16 January 2009.
1237:2006. Retrieved: 18 January 2009.
816:61.0 m (656 sq ft)
2292:KLM Fokker F.III Waalhaven crash
2261:Moncrieff and Hood disappearance
2015:Aviation accidents and incidents
1874:. New York: Random House, 1971.
1446:from the original on 1 June 2015
1409:from the original on 1 June 2015
1015:Godspeed, Charles and Francois.
902:
888:
804:15 m (49 ft 0 in)
38:
2387:Single-engined tractor aircraft
2323:Imperial Airways Hercules crash
2090:Aeromarine 75 Columbus incident
1017:"The Secret of The White Bird."
352:The intended flight path was a
2139:KLM Fokker F.III disappearance
2108:Air Union Farman Goliath crash
2099:Air Union Farman Goliath crash
828:5,000 kg (11,000 lb)
431:sponsored a well-known pilot,
194:In 1919, New York hotel owner
185:in 1927 from Paris to New York
1:
2332:Luft Hansa Junkers G 24 crash
2283:Imperial Airways Vulcan crash
2050:SNETA Farman Goliath ditching
1790:. Retrieved: 16 January 2009.
1766:. Retrieved: 16 January 2009.
877:7,000 m (22,965 ft)
822:1,905 kg (4,200 lb)
755:Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace
462:The mainstream view was that
2397:Aircraft first flown in 1927
2148:Imperial Airways DH.34 crash
1142:Jordan, John (28 May 2020).
993:Montague 1971, pp. 102, 132.
648:16th arrondissement of Paris
520:renewed popular interest in
304:The map shows the flight of
2314:Imperial Airways W.10 crash
2188:Air Union Blériot 155 crash
2179:Air Union Blériot 155 crash
1962:Picture of landing gear of
542:as well as the area around
21:White Bird (disambiguation)
2413:
2117:Daimler Airway DH.34 crash
2081:Picardie mid-air collision
2072:Beijing-Han Airlines crash
1225:"Project Midnight Ghost ."
622:A monument was erected in
18:
2341:
2032:Golders Green O/400 crash
2022:
1712:27 September 2012 at the
1310:New Hampshire Sunday News
282:The aircraft, christened
37:
1731:13 December 2019 at the
1511:25 December 2013 at the
923:List of missing aircraft
610:of aviation mysteries".
237:Pierre Levasseur Company
148:and may have crashed in
2240:KLM Fokker F.VIII crash
1683:"Timbre Nungesser Coli"
1666:23 October 2016 at the
1612:The Wall Street Journal
1125:21 October 2016 at the
783:General characteristics
591:The Wall Street Journal
573:The Spirit of St. Louis
1887:Lindbergh: A Biography
1606:28 August 2017 at the
1440:"US National Archives"
1385:30 August 2017 at the
1267:McDonough 1966, p. 31.
1246:McDonaugh 1966, p. 30.
1168:McDonaugh 1966, p. 29.
1085:McDonaugh 1966, p. 27.
1067:30 August 2017 at the
1047:Stoff 2000, pp. 24–25.
946:In the United States,
778:
685:) and Nungesser Lake (
635:
568:
489:
309:
231:Design and development
204:French Legion of Honor
186:
181:Planned flight map of
174:
44:1927 postcard showing
2231:Dole Air Race crashes
1295:Will 2008, pp. 21–22.
1230:8 August 2017 at the
1177:Jackson 2012, p. 239.
773:
633:
606:has been called "the
602:The disappearance of
562:
484:
452:Spirit of Saint Louis
340:Transatlantic attempt
303:
180:
172:
139:The disappearance of
2382:Transatlantic flight
2344:Before 1920 â—€
1855:McDonaugh, Kenneth.
1803:, North Loop Books.
1799:Prell, Owen (2018).
1692:18 July 2011 at the
1599:Moffett, Sebastian.
1210:Mosley 2000, p. 102.
928:Transatlantic flight
496:aboard the rum boat
288:skull and crossbones
2372:Individual aircraft
1978:Wall Street Journal
1870:Montague, Richard.
1736:The West Australian
1615:, 6 September 2011.
1403:"National Archives"
1323:Mosley 2000, p. 86.
1036:The New York Times,
918:History of aviation
700: /
669: /
313:Operational history
133:Spirit of St. Louis
69:Construction number
54:General information
1651:22 September 2002.
1631:4 May 2008 at the
1347:American Quarterly
1255:Berg 1999, p. 105.
1031:Schneider, Keith.
779:
640:Le Bourget airport
636:
569:
544:Lake Winnipesaukee
534:Unsolved Mysteries
490:
445:St. Lawrence River
310:
187:
175:
2354:
2353:
2041:R38 Airship crash
1940:978-0-30012-265-7
1925:978-0-9730271-8-1
1895:978-0-48640-964-1
1885:Mosley, Leonard.
1880:978-0-39446-237-0
1865:978-0-85344-125-0
1850:978-0-37410-675-1
1835:978-0-42517-041-0
1740:Western Australia
1624:Lagarde, Michel.
1560:Bangor Daily News
1470:978-0-374-10675-1
1332:Wohl 2007, p. 10.
1038:12 November 2007.
836:Lorraine-Dietrich
580:to Chesterfield.
540:Washington County
295:Hispano-Suiza 12M
270:Lorraine-Dietrich
263:Statue of Liberty
128:Charles Lindbergh
120:Charles Nungesser
97:
96:
2404:
2377:Missing aircraft
2367:1927 in aviation
2329:
2320:
2311:
2298:
2289:
2280:
2267:
2258:
2246:
2237:
2228:
2216:
2207:
2194:
2185:
2176:
2167:
2154:
2145:
2136:
2123:
2114:
2105:
2096:
2087:
2078:
2069:
2056:
2047:
2038:
2029:
2008:
2001:
1994:
1985:
1825:Berg, A. Scott.
1812:
1797:
1791:
1789:
1773:
1767:
1765:
1753:Restless Spirits
1749:
1743:
1723:
1717:
1703:
1697:
1687:
1680:
1674:
1658:
1652:
1642:
1636:
1622:
1616:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1571:
1565:
1555:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1522:
1516:
1505:"The White Bird"
1502:
1493:
1490:St. Cloud Times,
1486:
1473:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1436:
1430:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1399:
1393:
1390:Yankee Magazine,
1378:Hansen, Gunnar.
1376:
1367:
1342:
1333:
1330:
1324:
1321:
1315:
1305:
1296:
1293:
1287:
1282:The Boston Globe
1277:
1268:
1265:
1256:
1253:
1247:
1244:
1238:
1222:
1211:
1208:
1202:
1195:
1178:
1175:
1169:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1139:
1133:
1117:
1108:
1107:10 January 1999.
1101:
1086:
1083:
1072:
1059:
1048:
1045:
1039:
1029:
1023:
1013:
994:
991:
969:
966:
960:
957:
951:
944:
912:
907:
906:
905:
898:
893:
892:
891:
875:Service ceiling:
846:
785:
725:Restless Spirits
715:
714:
712:
711:
710:
705:
701:
698:
697:
696:
693:
684:
683:
681:
680:
679:
674:
670:
667:
666:
665:
662:
644:Stade Jean Bouin
506:
42:
28:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2401:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2337:
2336:
2327:
2318:
2309:
2296:
2287:
2278:
2265:
2256:
2244:
2235:
2226:
2214:
2205:
2192:
2183:
2174:
2165:
2152:
2143:
2134:
2121:
2112:
2103:
2094:
2085:
2076:
2067:
2054:
2045:
2036:
2027:
2018:
2012:
1950:
1945:
1900:Stoff, Joshua.
1821:
1816:
1815:
1801:Chance to Break
1798:
1794:
1774:
1770:
1750:
1746:
1733:Wayback Machine
1724:
1720:
1714:Wayback Machine
1704:
1700:
1694:Wayback Machine
1685:
1681:
1677:
1668:Wayback Machine
1659:
1655:
1643:
1639:
1633:Wayback Machine
1623:
1619:
1608:Wayback Machine
1598:
1594:
1584:
1582:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1556:
1545:
1535:
1533:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1513:Wayback Machine
1503:
1496:
1487:
1476:
1463:
1459:
1449:
1447:
1442:. 4 June 2013.
1438:
1437:
1433:
1426:
1422:
1412:
1410:
1405:. 4 June 2013.
1401:
1400:
1396:
1387:Wayback Machine
1377:
1370:
1356:10.2307/2710171
1343:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1318:
1306:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1278:
1271:
1266:
1259:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1232:Wayback Machine
1223:
1214:
1209:
1205:
1196:
1181:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1163:
1156:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1127:Wayback Machine
1120:"Curtain Call."
1118:
1111:
1102:
1089:
1084:
1075:
1069:Wayback Machine
1060:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1030:
1026:
1014:
997:
992:
988:
983:
978:
973:
972:
967:
963:
958:
954:
945:
941:
936:
910:Aviation portal
908:
903:
901:
894:
889:
887:
884:
842:
781:
768:
743:Chance to Break
708:
706:
704:51.49°N 93.52°W
702:
699:
694:
691:
689:
687:
686:
677:
675:
673:51.32°N 93.59°W
671:
668:
663:
660:
658:
656:
655:
600:
504:
460:
429:Aviation Digest
358:English Channel
342:
315:
233:
192:
110:) was a French
49:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2410:
2408:
2400:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2359:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2325:
2316:
2307:
2294:
2285:
2276:
2263:
2254:
2242:
2233:
2224:
2220:L'Oiseau Blanc
2212:
2203:
2190:
2181:
2172:
2163:
2150:
2141:
2132:
2119:
2110:
2101:
2092:
2083:
2074:
2065:
2052:
2043:
2034:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1973:
1968:
1964:L'Oiseau Blanc
1959:
1955:L'Oiseau Blanc
1949:
1948:External links
1946:
1944:
1943:
1930:Wohl, Robert.
1928:
1913:
1898:
1883:
1868:
1853:
1840:Jackson, Joe.
1838:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1792:
1768:
1744:
1718:
1698:
1675:
1653:
1637:
1617:
1592:
1566:
1543:
1517:
1494:
1474:
1457:
1431:
1420:
1394:
1368:
1334:
1325:
1316:
1297:
1288:
1269:
1257:
1248:
1239:
1212:
1203:
1179:
1170:
1161:
1154:
1134:
1109:
1087:
1073:
1049:
1040:
1024:
1020:aero-news.net,
995:
985:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
971:
970:
961:
952:
948:L'Oiseau Blanc
938:
937:
935:
932:
931:
930:
925:
920:
914:
913:
899:
883:
880:
879:
878:
872:
866:
860:
854:
851:Maximum speed:
840:
839:
829:
823:
817:
811:
805:
799:
793:
776:L'Oiseau Blanc
767:
766:Specifications
764:
760:L'Oiseau Blanc
721:L'Oiseau Blanc
616:L'Oiseau Blanc
604:L'Oiseau Blanc
599:
596:
585:L'Oiseau Blanc
526:Machias, Maine
522:L'Oiseau Blanc
502:L'Oiseau Blanc
486:L'Oiseau Blanc
472:L'Oiseau Blanc
464:L'Oiseau Blanc
459:
456:
415:L'Oiseau Blanc
407:L'Oiseau Blanc
341:
338:
314:
311:
306:L'Oiseau Blanc
284:L'Oiseau Blanc
268:A single W-12
241:Levasseur PL.8
232:
229:
225:Levasseur PL.4
196:Raymond Orteig
191:
188:
183:L'Oiseau Blanc
141:L'Oiseau Blanc
112:Levasseur PL.8
107:The White Bird
101:L'Oiseau Blanc
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
83:
79:
78:
74:
73:
70:
66:
65:
63:Levasseur PL.8
60:
56:
55:
51:
50:
46:L'Oiseau Blanc
43:
35:
34:
32:L'Oiseau Blanc
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2409:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2349:
2348:â–¶ 1930
2345:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2324:
2317:
2315:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2303:Santos Dumont
2295:
2293:
2286:
2284:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2264:
2262:
2255:
2253:
2252:disappearance
2251:
2243:
2241:
2234:
2232:
2225:
2223:
2222:disappearance
2221:
2213:
2211:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2191:
2189:
2182:
2180:
2173:
2171:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2151:
2149:
2142:
2140:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2120:
2118:
2111:
2109:
2102:
2100:
2093:
2091:
2084:
2082:
2075:
2073:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2053:
2051:
2044:
2042:
2035:
2033:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2009:
2004:
2002:
1997:
1995:
1990:
1989:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1915:Will, Gavin.
1914:
1911:
1910:0-486-40727-6
1907:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1796:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1779:
1778:
1777:Sahara (2005)
1772:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1755:
1754:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1727:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1684:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1657:
1654:
1650:
1648:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1602:
1596:
1593:
1580:
1576:
1570:
1567:
1564:29 July 1998.
1563:
1561:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1531:
1527:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1492:10 July 2007.
1491:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1461:
1458:
1445:
1441:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1424:
1421:
1408:
1404:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1348:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1329:
1326:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1311:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1292:
1289:
1286:8 March 1987.
1285:
1283:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1252:
1249:
1243:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1199:Air Classics,
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1174:
1171:
1165:
1162:
1157:
1155:9781472840691
1151:
1147:
1146:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1130:Tighar Tracks
1128:
1124:
1121:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
996:
990:
987:
980:
975:
965:
962:
956:
953:
949:
943:
940:
933:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
915:
911:
900:
897:
886:
881:
876:
873:
870:
867:
864:
861:
858:
857:Cruise speed:
855:
852:
849:
848:
847:
845:
837:
833:
830:
827:
826:Gross weight:
824:
821:
820:Empty weight:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
787:
786:
784:
777:
772:
765:
763:
761:
757:
756:
750:
748:
744:
740:
736:
735:
730:
729:Dead Aviators
726:
722:
717:
713:
709:51.49; -93.52
682:
678:51.32; -93.59
651:
649:
645:
641:
632:
628:
625:
620:
617:
613:
609:
605:
597:
595:
593:
592:
586:
581:
579:
574:
566:
561:
557:
555:
551:
550:Clive Cussler
547:
545:
541:
536:
535:
529:
527:
523:
519:
518:
513:
512:Gunnar Hansen
509:
503:
499:
495:
487:
483:
479:
477:
476:Fort Pond Bay
473:
469:
468:Harbour Grace
465:
457:
455:
453:
448:
446:
442:
438:
434:
433:Floyd Bennett
430:
425:
423:
422:
416:
412:
408:
404:
399:
397:
393:
389:
388:Isle of Wight
385:
381:
380:
374:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
350:
347:
339:
337:
335:
333:
326:
324:
320:
312:
307:
302:
298:
296:
291:
289:
285:
280:
278:
274:
271:
266:
264:
258:
254:
252:
251:
246:
242:
238:
230:
228:
226:
222:
217:
213:
209:
208:Paul Tarascon
205:
200:
197:
189:
184:
179:
171:
167:
165:
161:
160:
153:
151:
147:
142:
137:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:François Coli
121:
117:
113:
109:
108:
103:
102:
92:
88:
84:
80:
75:
71:
67:
64:
61:
57:
52:
47:
41:
36:
33:
29:
26:
22:
2328:Nov 6, 1929
2319:Sep 6, 1929
2310:Jun 17, 1929
2302:
2297:Dec 3, 1928
2288:Jul 14, 1928
2279:Jul 13, 1928
2271:
2266:May 25, 1928
2257:Jan 10, 1928
2249:
2245:Aug 31, 1927
2236:Aug 22, 1927
2227:Aug 16, 1927
2219:
2218:
2215:May 8, 1927
2206:Apr 26, 1927
2198:
2193:Apr 16, 1927
2184:Oct 2, 1926
2175:Aug 18, 1926
2166:Jun 25, 1925
2158:
2153:Sep 3, 1925
2144:Dec 24, 1924
2135:Apr 24, 1924
2127:
2122:Dec 21, 1923
2113:Sep 14, 1923
2104:Aug 27, 1923
2095:May 14, 1923
2086:Jan 13, 1923
2077:Apr 7, 1922
2068:Mar 31, 1922
2060:
2055:Feb 21, 1922
2046:Aug 26, 1921
2037:Aug 23, 1921
2028:Dec 14, 1920
2017:in the 1920s
1977:
1963:
1954:
1931:
1916:
1901:
1886:
1871:
1856:
1841:
1826:
1800:
1795:
1776:
1771:
1752:
1747:
1735:
1721:
1701:
1678:
1670:
1656:
1647:Sunday Times
1645:
1640:
1620:
1610:
1595:
1585:14 September
1583:. Retrieved
1569:
1558:
1536:14 September
1534:. Retrieved
1520:
1489:
1460:
1448:. Retrieved
1434:
1423:
1411:. Retrieved
1397:
1389:
1345:
1328:
1319:
1314:28 May 2006.
1308:
1291:
1280:
1251:
1242:
1234:
1206:
1198:
1173:
1164:
1145:Warship 2020
1144:
1137:
1129:
1104:
1043:
1035:
1027:
1019:
989:
964:
955:
947:
942:
896:1920s portal
874:
868:
862:
856:
850:
843:
841:
831:
825:
819:
813:
807:
801:
795:
789:
782:
780:
775:
774:Postcard of
759:
753:
751:
742:
732:
728:
724:
720:
719:The fate of
718:
652:
637:
621:
615:
603:
601:
589:
584:
582:
572:
570:
548:
532:
530:
521:
515:
510:
501:
497:
491:
485:
471:
463:
461:
451:
449:
428:
426:
419:
414:
406:
403:Battery Park
400:
378:
370:
354:great circle
351:
345:
343:
331:
327:
319:Villacoublay
316:
305:
292:
283:
281:
267:
259:
255:
249:
234:
201:
193:
182:
158:
154:
146:Newfoundland
140:
138:
131:
116:Orteig Prize
106:
105:
100:
99:
98:
82:First flight
45:
31:
25:
2197:Fokker C-2
1686:(in French)
1673:9 May 1928.
1472:, page 257.
1235:tighar.org,
844:Performance
832:Powerplant:
707: /
676: /
494:rum-runners
411:Long Island
396:Carrigaholt
362:Nova Scotia
2361:Categories
2301:Dornier J
2250:St Raphael
2159:Shenandoah
1809:1545619263
1201:July 1999.
976:References
869:Endurance:
814:Wing area:
762:took off.
747:Owen Prell
346:Le Bourget
332:Le Bourget
245:AĂ©ronavale
212:flying ace
190:Background
159:Le Bourget
104:(English:
85:April 1927
1827:Lindbergh
981:Citations
802:Wingspan:
421:La Presse
392:Dungarvan
377:HMS
2392:Biplanes
2346:
2270:Airship
2126:Airship
2059:Airship
1738:(Perth,
1729:Archived
1710:Archived
1690:Archived
1664:Archived
1629:Archived
1604:Archived
1579:Archived
1530:Archived
1509:Archived
1444:Archived
1407:Archived
1383:Archived
1228:Archived
1123:Archived
1105:The Sun,
1065:Archived
882:See also
871:40 hours
552:and his
441:Labrador
323:Chartres
216:Potez 25
2330:
2321:
2312:
2299:
2290:
2281:
2268:
2259:
2247:
2238:
2229:
2217:
2208:
2199:America
2195:
2186:
2177:
2168:
2155:
2146:
2137:
2128:Dixmude
2124:
2115:
2106:
2097:
2088:
2079:
2070:
2057:
2048:
2039:
2030:
1819:Sources
1364:2710171
808:Height:
796:Length:
695:93°31′W
692:51°29′N
664:93°35′W
661:51°19′N
646:in the
624:Étretat
608:Everest
578:Machias
565:Étretat
498:Amistad
458:Mystery
386:on the
384:Needles
373:Étretat
235:At the
164:Étretat
77:History
72:PL.8-01
2272:Italia
1938:
1923:
1908:
1893:
1878:
1863:
1848:
1833:
1807:
1784:
1760:
1468:
1450:1 June
1413:1 June
1362:
1152:
863:Range:
734:Sahara
612:TIGHAR
598:Legacy
517:Yankee
366:Boston
277:Napier
221:Orteig
2305:crash
2274:crash
2201:crash
2161:crash
2130:crash
2063:crash
1360:JSTOR
934:Notes
790:Crew:
505:'
364:, to
334:Field
250:BĂ©arn
150:Maine
2157:USS
2061:Roma
1936:ISBN
1921:ISBN
1906:ISBN
1891:ISBN
1876:ISBN
1861:ISBN
1846:ISBN
1831:ISBN
1805:ISBN
1782:IMDb
1758:IMDb
1587:2016
1538:2016
1466:ISBN
1452:2015
1415:2015
1150:ISBN
834:1 Ă—
739:NUMA
321:and
210:, a
90:Fate
59:Type
1780:at
1756:at
1352:doi
792:Two
745:by
716:).
379:H50
2363::
1708:.
1688:.
1577:.
1546:^
1528:.
1507:.
1497:^
1477:^
1371:^
1358:,
1337:^
1300:^
1272:^
1260:^
1215:^
1182:^
1112:^
1090:^
1076:^
1052:^
998:^
650:.
546:.
336:.
265:.
227:.
152:.
136:.
2007:e
2000:t
1993:v
1942:.
1927:.
1912:.
1897:.
1882:.
1867:.
1852:.
1837:.
1811:.
1649:,
1589:.
1562:,
1540:.
1454:.
1417:.
1366:.
1354::
1312:,
1284:,
1158:.
654:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
