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whose conditions were humiliating in both form and substance: compensation in the amount of twenty thousand dollars for Lüders, a promise that Lüders could return to Haiti, a letter of apology to the German government, a 21-gun salute to the German flag, a reception for the German Chargé d'affaires,
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On
September 21, 1897, both Présumé and Lüders were sentenced by the Police Tribunal to one month's imprisonment for assault and battery. They appealed to the Correctional Tribunal, but this time they were also charged with using force to resist arrest. The original sentence was annulled and on
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The
Haitian government yielded, to the distress of its people, who had been prepared to defend their national honor. They were horrified to see the white flag, despite the protestations of the French ambassador, Théodore Meyer, that it was merely a parliamentary standard.
131:, Foreign Minister of Haiti at the time, subsequently fought a duel with a member of Lüders' family and was the subject of an action for defamation by two German officials requiring him to append a statement to the end of his book on the Lüders affair.
69:, Count Schwerin, demanded the immediate release of Lüders (who had been born in Haiti but had a German father), as well as the removal of the judges and dismissal of the police officers involved in the case. Responding to intervention by the
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On
September 21, 1897, Haitian police were looking for one Dorléus Présumé, who was accused of theft. They found him washing a coach in front of the "Écuries Centrales" (Central Stables) of
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The Lüders affair was extremely embarrassing for president Sam, and undermined his authority in Haiti, leading to his resignation in 1902.
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and four hours to decide. The
President was required to raise a white flag on the presidential palace in token of surrender.
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A German postcard of
Captain August Carl Thiele handing over the German Ultimatum on 6 December 1897 during the Lüders Affair
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42:. His employer was Emile Lüders. Présumé resisted arrest, and Lüders, who had heard the noise, came to his defence.
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Die preußisch-deutsche Marine in
Lateinamerika 1866 - 1914: eine Studie deutscher Kanonenbootpolitik
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Lüders had previously been sentenced to six days imprisonment in 1894 for
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220:, 2nd ed. Port-au-Prince: Verrollot, 1898, OCLC 250885184 (French),
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October 14 they were sentenced to one year's imprisonment.
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pardoned Lüders, who left the country on
October 22.
65:witnesses. Nonetheless, on October 17 the German
268:, diss. University of Oldenburg, 2000 (German),
53:on a soldier. Witnesses against Lüders included
23:was a legal and diplomatic embarrassment to the
95:On December 6, 1897, two German warships, the
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187:, New York: Neale, 1907, OCLC 561509564,
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398:Foreign relations of the German Empire
116:notified the Haitian government of an
185:Haiti, Her History and Her Detractors
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354:Dubois, Laurent (January 3, 2012).
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357:Haiti: The Aftershocks of History
167:His last name is usually written
264:According to Gerhard Wiechmann,
16:1897 Haitian diplomatic incident
403:1897 in international relations
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73:representative, W.F. Powell,
413:Political scandals in Haiti
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423:Germany–Haiti relations
149:Germany–Haiti relations
92:
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388:19th century in Haiti
181:Jacques Nicolas Léger
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428:Diplomatic incidents
233:Léger, pp. 250, 249.
84:The German corvette
27:government in 1897.
275:2011-07-19 at the
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67:Chargé d'affaires
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218:L'affaire Luders
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91:with her crew
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75:President Sam
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21:Lüders affair
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214:Solon Ménos
129:Solon Ménos
382:Categories
316:pp. 250-51
202:pp. 249-50
171:in French.
155:References
118:ultimatum
114:Charlotte
107:SMS
102:Charlotte
100:SMS
88:Charlotte
86:SMS
418:Ultimata
273:Archived
138:See also
71:American
340:Ménos,
327:Ménos,
314:Léger,
301:Ménos,
288:Léger,
242:Ménos,
200:Léger,
55:British
51:battery
25:Haitian
364:
342:p. 391
303:p. 314
290:p. 250
270:p. 253
222:p. 182
189:p. 249
169:Luders
63:German
61:, and
59:French
329:p.334
109:Stein
362:ISBN
105:and
19:The
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