627:
934:. Ordered to capture the 'Great Fort', the key to the Chinese position, with his three French line battalions, Herbinger made an elaborate flank march which exhausted his troops and wasted valuable time. At length, seeing his operational timetable threatened, de Négrier ordered Schoeffer's 3rd Legion Battalion to take the fort instead. The legionnaires scrambled rapidly up the mountain paths towards the Chinese position and captured it under Herbinger's nose. Meanwhile, on the other side of the battlefield, Captain Gravereau's company of Diguet's 2nd Legion Battalion was isolated and surrounded by the Chinese. The company was eventually disengaged by its comrades, but suffered heavy losses. Although the battle was indisputably a French victory, French casualties were disconcertingly heavy: 18 dead and 101 wounded, most of them in Diguet and Schoeffer's Legion battalions. These were the heaviest casualties the French had suffered in a single engagement since the start of the Sino-French War.
1044:(You have hoisted the French flag above Lạng Sơn. A Chinese army ten times your numbers has had to recross the frontier in complete rout, leaving in your hands its standards, its arms and its ammunition. It has been forced to abandon to you or to disperse in the mountains the European equipment on which it had so heavily relied to block our march. Glory to all of you who successfully measured yourselves with this army in the actions of the 4th at Tay Hoa, the 5th at Ha Hoa, the 6th at Dong Song, the 9th at Deo Quao, the 11th at Pho Vy, the 12th at Bac Vie and the 13th at Lạng Sơn, and chased it, despite its vigorous resistance, from the formidable positions which it occupied! Honour also to the officers charged with bringing up the food and ammunition trains. It is thanks to their devotion and indefatigable energy that you have been able to eat, and that our advances were not longer delayed.)
1030:(The formidable entrenched camps of Ha Hoa and Dong Song are in your hands, with their huge supplies of weapons, ammunition and provisions, which the speed of your attack prevented the enemy from carrying off. During the actions of 4, 5 and 6 February, which have made us masters of these admirable positions which the Chinese army had counted on to bar us from the passes of Deo Van and Deo Quan and to prevent us from reaching the routes to Thanh Moy and Lạng Sơn, you have matched the exploits of the troops most often cited in the annals of the French Army; you have added a fine page to our national history. Honour to your officers and to yourselves! You are approaching the end of your task. Battles, privations and fatigues still await you. But your military virtues, of which you have already given such sterling proofs, guarantee your future success.)
343:
332:
321:
287:
272:
1039:
matériel européen sur lequel elle avait tant compté pour s’opposer à notre marche. Gloire à vous tous qui successivement vous êtes mesurés avec elle dans les combats du 4 à Thay-Hoa, du 5 à Ha-Hoa, du 6 à Dong-Song, du 9 à Deo-Quao, du 11 à Pho-Vy, du 12 à Bac-Viay, du 13 à Lang-Son, et l'avez chassée, malgré sa vigoureuse résistance, des positions formidables qu’elle occupait! Honneur aussi aux officiers chargés de la conduite des convois de vivres et de munitions! C’est grâce à leur dévouement et à leur infatigable énergie que vous avez pu vivre et que nos progrès n’ont pas été retardés plus longtemps.
995:
and marine infantry stormed the
Chinese defences. The battle was fought in thick fog, allowing the Chinese to mount a dangerous counterattack at one point that nearly swept away part of Giovanninelli's brigade. Eventually the French broke through the Chinese centre, and the isolated Chinese wings retreated in disorder back to Lạng Sơn. French casualties at Bac Vie were 30 dead and 188 wounded, the highest casualties of the campaign. Most of these casualties were sustained by the two Turco battalions in Giovanninelli's brigade, which had borne the brunt of the battle.
733:, and was accompanied by field hospital and engineering detachments. Giovanninelli's 1st Brigade consisted of a two-battalion marine infantry regiment, a two-battalion regiment of Algerian riflemen (Turcos), a battalion of Tonkinese riflemen and three artillery batteries. De Négrier's 2nd Brigade consisted of a 'French' regiment of three line infantry battalions from the metropolitan army, an 'Algerian' regiment of two Foreign Legion battalions and one battalion of African Light Infantry, a battalion of Tonkinese riflemen and three artillery batteries:
1025:
positions sur lesquelles l'armée chinoise avait compté pour nous barrer les débouchés du Deo-Van et du Deo-Quan et nous interdire les routes du Than-Moï et de Lang-Son, vous avez égalé les troupes les plus citées dans les annales de l'armée française. Vous avez ajouté une belle page à notre histoire nationale. Honneur à vos chefs et à vous! Vous approchez du terme de votre mission. Des combats, des privations et des fatigues vous attendent encore. Les vertus militaires, dont vous avez déjà donné tant de preuves, garantissent le succès de l'avenir.
694:
366:
355:
301:
965:
advance elements of the
Guangxi Army at Pho Vy. The Chinese were ejected from the village of Pho Vy by Herbinger's three French battalions with little difficulty, but they brought up their reserves and mounted a counterattack against Herbinger's regiment which forced de Negrier to commit Diguet's Legion battalion to drive them off. Towards the end of the battle the 111th Battalion stormed a Chinese hill position under the eyes of the rest of the brigade. 2nd Lieutenant Rene Normand, who fell a month later in the
1114:. Before his departure he ordered General de Négrier, who would remain at Lạng Sơn with the 2nd Brigade, to press on towards the Chinese border and expel the battered remnants of the Guangxi Army from Tonkinese soil. After resupplying the 2nd Brigade with food and ammunition, De Négrier advanced to attack the Guangxi Army at Dong Dang. On 23 February de Négrier stormed the Chinese defences at Dong Dang, forcing the Chinese to retreat towards the Chinese border town of Longzhou (Lung-chou, 龍州).
706:
1072:
1057:
682:
1103:
1122:(Zhennanguan). They were not strong enough to exploit this victory, however, and de Négrier returned to Lạng Sơn with the bulk of the 2nd Brigade at the end of February. A small French garrison under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Herbinger was left at Dong Dang to watch the movements of the Guangxi Army. Three weeks later the Chinese attacked the Dong Dang garrison, precipitating a series of events that led to a decisive French defeat at the
670:
nights, in Tonkin in
February, would be bitterly cold. Supplying the column with food and ammunition would tax the ingenuity of the marine infantry officers responsible for the mule trains and the coolies. It took the French a month to complete their preparations for the campaign, but by the end of January 1885, Brière de l'Isle had assembled an expeditionary column of just under 7,200 troops, accompanied by 4,500 coolies, at Chu.
213:
910:
987:
619:
943:
garrisons by blowing in the roofs with dynamite. The 2nd
Brigade, on the right, captured the principal Chinese work of Pins Parasols, so named because it had been built around a conspicuous clump of umbrella pines. The speed of the French attacks, prepared by artillery, kept the Chinese off balance throughout the battle, and French casualties were relatively low: 4 dead and 18 wounded.
95:
25:
979:
922:
1143:
fourth, unidentified company (Lieutenant de l'Étoile). De
Mibielle's Turco battalion was the 3rd Battalion, 3rd Algerian Rifle Regiment (Captains Camper, Chirouze, Polère and Valet). Comoy's Turco battalion was the 4th Battalion, 1st Algerian Rifle Regiment (Captains Gérôme, Boëlle, Bigot and Rollandes).
1142:
Mahias's battalion consisted of the 25th, 29th, 34th and 36th
Companies, 1st Marine Infantry Regiment (Captains Tailland, Salles, Hougnon and Bourguignon). Lambinet's battalion included the 25th A, 28th and 31st D Companies, 1st Marine Infantry Regiment (Captains Chanu, Herbin and de Damian) and a
1038:
Vous avez arboré le drapeau français sur Lang-Son. Une armée chinoise dix fois plus nombreuse que vous a dû repasser, entièrement en déroute, la frontière, laissant entre vos mains ses étendards, ses armes et ses munitions. Elle a été réduite à vous abandonner ou à disperser dans les montagnes le
994:
The culminating battle for Lạng Sơn was fought on 12 February at Bac Vie, several kilometres to the south of Lạng Sơn. Giovanninelli's 1st
Brigade was leading the French column, and de Négrier's 2nd Brigade took little part in the battle. In a costly but successful assault, Giovanninelli's Turcos
669:
Logistical arrangements for the Lạng Sơn campaign were formidable. It would take the column around ten days to advance to the outskirts of Lạng Sơn. The troops would be burdened with the weight of their provisions and equipment, and would have to march through an extremely difficult country. The
955:
The capture of Dong Song threatened the supply line of the
Guangxi Army's right wing at Bắc Lệ, and the Chinese hastily pulled back from Bắc Lệ and retreated up the Mandarin Road to Thanh Moy. To cover their retreat they attacked the French outposts on the mountain of Deo Quao on 9 February. The
1011:
On 13 February the French column entered Lạng Sơn, which the
Chinese abandoned after fighting a token rearguard action at the nearby village of Ky Lua. In compliment to their performance at Bac Vie, Brière de l'Isle gave Giovanninelli's Turcos and marine infantry the honour of leading the French
900:
Shortly after midnight on 2 February the expeditionary corps set off from Chu, with de Négrier's 2nd
Brigade leading the way, and advanced over the mountain of Deo Van to Cao Nhiat without meeting any enemy resistance. At Cao Nhiat the French captured an important Chinese rice dump, easing their
964:
After a pause for breath at Dong Song to resupply with food and ammunition and to establish a shorter supply line back to Chu across the mountain of Deo Quan, the Tonkin expeditionary corps pressed on towards Lạng Sơn. On 11 February the 2nd Brigade, at the head of the French column, contacted
942:
On 5 February the French assaulted the main complex of forts defending the Chinese entrenched camp at Dong Song, around Ha Hoa. The two French brigades attacked side by side. The 1st Brigade, on the left, overran a number of Chinese forts before their defenders could escape, and wiped out the
946:
On 6 February the French fought a morning action to clear the Chinese from their last defences before Dong Song, and took possession of the entrenched camp of Dong Song in the afternoon. French casualties in this action were 3 dead and 41 wounded. Brière de l'Isle had been hoping to push the
1024:
Les formidables camps retranchés de Ha-Hoa et de Dong-Song sont entre vos mains avec d'immenses approvisionnements d'armes, de munitions et de vivres que votre élan n’a pas permis à l'ennemi d'emporter. Pendant les combats des 4, 5 et 6 février, qui vous ont rendus maîtres de ces admirables
929:
On 4 February the expeditionary corps fought its first action with the Chinese, at Tay Hoa. The battle was fought almost wholly by de Négrier's 2nd Brigade, which was leading the march, and demonstrated the unfitness for field command of Lieutenant-Colonel Paul-Gustave Herbinger, the French
626:
969:
and whose letters from Tonkin were published after his death, distinguished himself in this action. Towards evening the Chinese fell back on their main body at Bac Vie. French casualties at Pho Vy were slight: a total of 1 dead and 23 wounded.
947:
Chinese back across the mountain of Deo Quao into the Song Thuong valley, away from Lạng Sơn, but most of the Chinese troops fell back up the Dong Song valley to Pho Bu, where they could make a further stand for Lạng Sơn.
665:
to try to disrupt the French preparations. De Nègrier's victory at Núi Bop, won at odds of just under one to ten, was regarded by his fellow-officers as the most spectacular professional triumph of his career.
1117:
After clearing the Chinese from Tonkinese territory the French crossed briefly into Guangxi province and on 25 February blew up the 'Gate of China', an elaborate Chinese customs building on the border at
638:
was the subject of a bitter debate in the Chamber of Deputies in late December 1884. The army minister General Jean-Baptiste-Marie Campenon argued that the French should consolidate their hold on the
642:. His opponents urged an all-out offensive to throw the Chinese out of northern Tonkin. The debate culminated in Campenon's resignation and his replacement as army minister by the hawkish General
649:
Long-range planning for a campaign against Lạng Sơn had been underway for several months, and Brière de l'Isle had already assembled large French forces at the French forward base of Chu (now in
1888:
661:(October 1884). On 3 and 4 January 1885, General de Négrier attacked and defeated a substantial detachment of the Guangxi Army that had concentrated around the nearby village of
442:
2259:
1020:
Brière de l'Isle issued two orders of the day during the Lạng Sơn campaign. The first, issued on 7 February, marked the capture of the Chinese entrenched camp of Dong Song:
58:
1012:
entry into Lạng Sơn. The Guangxi Army fell back towards the Chinese border and occupied a strong defensive position at Dong Dang, a small town just in Tonkinese territory.
1071:
1881:
2269:
883:
The strengths of the infantry battalions varied considerably, depending on how long they had been in Tonkin. The battalions which had served longest in the
1056:
2274:
956:
French units on Deo Quao easily repelled this attack, but the diversion allowed the Guangxi Army to regroup and make a final stand in front of Lạng Sơn.
693:
2140:
1539:
435:
1874:
705:
2244:
1655:
1097:
725:) was organised around the two brigades originally established by General Millot in January 1885. Each brigade contained two marching regiments (
526:
1961:
1966:
1592:
887:
could only with difficulty field as many as 500 men, while Schoeffer and Comoy's recently arrived battalions could put 800 rifles into line.
159:
2038:
681:
428:
131:
2249:
2084:
138:
2074:
2254:
178:
76:
1675:
541:
145:
44:
116:
109:
127:
2264:
1986:
1981:
1532:
1951:
1680:
1567:
1421:
A propos d'une collection des peintures chinoises représentant diverse épisodes de la guerre franco-chinoise de 1884–1885
931:
546:
1741:
593:
325:
1572:
2224:
2017:
1976:
1902:
1845:
1690:
589:
568:
2089:
2181:
1695:
2176:
2171:
2114:
2053:
2022:
1665:
531:
496:
336:
2239:
2219:
2186:
2058:
1525:
54:
630:
Military map of the Sino-Vietnamese border facing Lang-son, seen from the side of the Chinese army (1850-1900)
2191:
2229:
2166:
2161:
2119:
2048:
2027:
1635:
1111:
511:
152:
105:
40:
35:
2094:
1866:
1395:
Armengaud, 28–35; Bonifacy, 20–1; Dreyfus, 117–20; Grisot and Coulombon, 459–60; Harmant, 175–80; Lecomte,
650:
2234:
2145:
2124:
2069:
2043:
1562:
914:
2109:
2104:
2012:
1726:
1808:
1670:
1078:
999:
Levrard, the 1st Brigade's artillery commander, was shot dead during the battle, and Brière de l'Isle's
536:
347:
277:
1956:
1716:
1062:
1919:
1792:
1711:
1640:
613:
516:
1106:
2nd Lieutenant Bossant's tomb in Lạng Sơn. Bossant was killed in action at Bac Vie, 12 February 1885
1731:
1003:
2nd Lieutenant Bossant, the son of a senior French general, was killed at Brière de l'Isle's side.
1971:
1926:
291:
654:
646:. On 5 January 1885 Lewal ordered Brière de l'Isle to 'capture Lạng Sơn as soon as possible'.
2079:
1840:
1660:
1123:
1110:
On 16 February Brière de l'Isle left Lạng Sơn with Giovanninelli's 1st Brigade to relieve the
966:
484:
662:
584:(3 to 13 February 1885) was a major French offensive in Tonkin (northern Vietnam) during the
2150:
2007:
1997:
1855:
1721:
1625:
1615:
1610:
1577:
1102:
730:
562:
558:
474:
469:
601:
238:
2099:
2002:
1933:
1850:
1835:
1823:
1645:
1630:
1587:
1582:
1548:
1119:
884:
639:
585:
506:
479:
452:
204:
200:
1620:
2213:
1828:
1813:
1767:
1762:
1685:
875:
11th and 12th Batteries, 12th Army Artillery Regiment (Captains Jourdy and de Saxcé).
1034:
The second order of the day, issued on 14 February, marked the capture of Lạng Sơn:
1818:
1787:
1777:
1414:
Lang-Son: journal des opérations qui ont précédé et suivi la prise de cette citadel
658:
597:
501:
306:
212:
909:
1736:
1330:, 277–88; Maury, 144–50; Nicolas, 373–4; Normand, 106–15, 151–2, 166–7 and 190–3
986:
643:
618:
359:
94:
24:
1772:
1757:
370:
1782:
1399:, 337–49; Maury, 159–72; Nicolas, 380–83; Normand, 122–34, 135–41 and 169–74
990:
French troops advance on Chinese hill positions during the battle of Bac Vie
978:
930:
commander who would in late March 1885 give the controversial order for the
921:
1189:
Armengaud, 2–4; Bonifacy, 8–9; Dreyfus, 81–6; Harmant, 113–37; Lecomte,
1898:
604:
in a ten-day campaign mounted under formidable logistical constraints.
242:
635:
1517:
1101:
985:
977:
920:
908:
729:), each of two or three battalions, with supporting artillery and
625:
617:
420:
657:
River, which had been occupied by the French in the wake of the
1870:
1521:
424:
88:
18:
1279:
Armengaud, 12–14; Bonifacy, 14–15; Harmant, 149–50; Lecomte,
1262:
Armengaud, 8–12; Bonifacy, 13–14; Harmant, 141–9; Lecomte,
842:
3rd Foreign Legion Battalion (Lieutenant-Colonel Schoeffer)
1360:, 145–59, 161–77 and 179–86; Maury, 153–6; Nicolas, 378–80
1313:
Armengaud, 16–19; Bonifacy, 16; Harmant, 150–1; Lecomte,
813:
23rd Line Infantry Battalion (Lieutenant-Colonel Godart)
1296:
Armengaud, 15–16; Bonifacy, 15; Harmant, 150; Lecomte,
50:
1197:, 79–86; Maury, 129–32; Nicolas, 362–7; Sarrat, 169–70
1007:
Capture of Lạng Sơn and action at Ky Lua, 13 February
810:
3rd Marching Regiment (Lieutenant-Colonel Herbinger)
759:
2nd Marching Regiment (Lieutenant-Colonel Letellier)
740:
1st Marching Regiment (Lieutenant-Colonel Chaumont)
1801:
1750:
1704:
1601:
1555:
1049:
French officers killed in action, Lạng Sơn campaign
832:4th Marching Regiment (Lieutenant-Colonel Donnier)
1065:, 2nd Legion Battalion (Tay Hoa, 4 February 1885)
938:Actions at Ha Hoa and Dong Song, 5 and 6 February
737:1st Brigade (Colonel Ange-Laurent Giovanninelli)
600:and captured the strategically important town of
1343:, 288–98 and 304–5; Maury, 150–3; Nicolas, 374–8
39:, potentially preventing the article from being
193:
982:Map of the battle of Bac Vie, 12 February 1885
711:Colonel Ange-Laurent Giovanninelli (1839–1903)
1882:
1533:
1081:, marine infantry (Bac Vie, 12 February 1885)
925:Map of the battle of Tay Hoa, 4 February 1885
854:1st Battalion, 1st Tonkinese Rifle Regiment (
778:1st Battalion, 2nd Tonkinese Rifle Regiment (
436:
8:
792:3rd, 4th and 5th Marine Artillery Batteries
769:4th Battalion, 1st Algerian Rifle Regiment (
762:3rd Battalion, 3rd Algerian Rifle Regiment (
2260:Battles involving the French Foreign Legion
1505:Histoire militaire de l'Indochine française
1456:Lang-Son: combats, retraite et négociations
1352:Armengaud, 24–8; Bonifacy, 17–18; Lecomte,
1912:
1889:
1875:
1867:
1540:
1526:
1518:
1498:Journal d'un marsouin au Tonkin, 1883–1886
1339:Armengaud, 21–4; Harmant, 157–8; Lecomte,
1326:Armengaud, 20–1; Harmant, 151–7; Lecomte,
443:
429:
421:
190:
59:reliable, independent, third-party sources
917:(detail from a painting by Albert Bligny)
179:Learn how and when to remove this message
77:Learn how and when to remove this message
796:(Captains Roussel, Roperh and Péricaud).
687:General Louis Brière de l'Isle (1827–96)
53:by replacing them with more appropriate
16:1885 French offensive in Sino-French War
1484:Livre d'or de l'infanterie de la marine
1270:, 112–19; Maury, 134–7; Nicolas, 369–71
1156:
1135:
1052:
699:General François de Négrier (1842–1913)
677:
36:too closely associated with the subject
1304:, 124–5; Maury, 138–42; Nicolas, 372–3
845:2nd African Light Infantry Battalion (
674:French high command, Lạng Sơn campaign
115:Please improve this article by adding
2070:Second Battle of the Citadel of Hanoi
1593:Tonkin Expedition commemorative medal
1442:La verité sur la retraite de Lang-Son
1245:Armengaud, 7; Bonifacy, 13; Lecomte,
217:Capture of Lạng Sơn, 13 February 1885
7:
2039:First Battle of the Citadel of Hanoi
891:The Lạng Sơn campaign, February 1885
622:The Lạng Sơn campaign, February 1885
1287:, 120–4; Maury, 137–8; Nicolas, 371
723:colonne expéditionnaire de Lang-Son
721:The Lạng Sơn expeditionary column (
608:Campaign preparations, January 1885
1435:La légion étrangère de 1831 à 1887
14:
1967:Vietnamese Civil War of 1789–1802
1092:Battle of Dong Dang, 23 February
1070:
1055:
896:Capture of Cao Nhiat, 3 February
704:
692:
680:
364:
353:
341:
330:
319:
299:
285:
270:
211:
93:
34:may rely excessively on sources
23:
1962:French assistance to Nguyễn Ánh
1470:Yueh-nan yu Chung-fa chan-cheng
823:143rd Line Infantry Battalion (
816:111th Line Infantry Battalion (
592:, under the command of General
588:(August 1884–April 1885). The
2245:Battles of the Sino-French War
974:Battle of Bac Vie, 12 February
951:Action at Deo Quao, 9 February
835:2nd Foreign Legion Battalion (
410:Bac Vie: 30 dead, 188 wounded
404:Dong Song: 3 dead, 41 wounded
398:Tay Hoa: 18 dead, 101 wounded
1:
2275:History of Bắc Giang province
960:Action at Pho Vy, 11 February
905:Battle of Tay Hoa, 4 February
868:1st Marine Artillery Battery
117:secondary or tertiary sources
2270:History of Lạng Sơn province
750:marine infantry battalion (
743:marine infantry battalion (
412:Total: 56 Dead, 270 wounded
407:Pho Vy: 1 dead, 23 wounded
401:Ha Hoa: 4 dead, 18 wounded
2291:
2075:Capture of Nam Định (1883)
2054:Capture of Nam Định (1873)
1977:Catholic Church in Vietnam
1903:French conquest of Vietnam
1846:Tonkin Expeditionary Corps
1512:La conquête de l'Indochine
1477:Mes campagnes au Tong-King
1463:La vie militaire au Tonkin
1098:Battle of Đồng Đăng (1885)
1095:
611:
590:Tonkin Expeditionary Corps
2250:Battles involving Vietnam
2187:Constans Agreement (1887)
2182:Treaty of Tientsin (1885)
2085:Battle of Cầu Giấy (1883)
2059:Battle of Cầu Giấy (1873)
1910:
1696:Treaty of Tientsin (1885)
1428:Lettres du Tonkin, 1884-6
462:
391:
376:
312:
261:
221:
210:
198:
2255:Battles involving France
1952:France–Vietnam relations
1568:France–Vietnam relations
1210:, 177–206; Sarrat, 171–7
2192:Gérard Agreement (1895)
2167:Treaty of Saigon (1874)
2162:Treaty of Saigon (1862)
2018:Bombardment of Qui Nhơn
596:, defeated the Chinese
2146:Pacification of Tonkin
1742:Louis Brière de l'Isle
1602:Military and political
1573:China–France relations
1563:French colonial empire
1449:Une campagne au Tonkin
1433:Grisot and Coulombon,
1253:, 107–12; Nicolas, 369
1107:
1046:
1041:
1032:
1027:
991:
983:
926:
918:
915:Paul-Gustave Herbinger
717:French order of battle
631:
623:
594:Louis Brière de l'Isle
326:Louis Brière de l'Isle
313:Commanders and leaders
104:relies excessively on
1809:Imperial Chinese Navy
1751:Chinese personalities
1681:Retreat from Lạng Sơn
1671:Battle of Phu Lam Tao
1317:, 273–6; Maury, 142–4
1105:
1042:
1036:
1028:
1022:
1001:officier d'ordonnance
989:
981:
932:Retreat from Lạng Sơn
924:
912:
901:supply difficulties.
807:François de Négrier)
731:Tonkinese skirmishers
629:
621:
392:Casualties and losses
348:Laurent Giovanninelli
2265:February 1885 events
2177:Treaty of Huế (1884)
2172:Treaty of Huế (1883)
2141:Vietnamese uprisings
2120:Siege of Tuyên Quang
2049:Capture of Ninh Bình
2044:Capture of Hải Dương
2028:Capture of Vĩnh Long
1793:Empress Dowager Cixi
1705:French personalities
1636:Siege of Tuyên Quang
1112:Siege of Tuyên Quang
2115:Capture of Hưng Hóa
2023:Capture of Biên Hòa
1934:3rd French invasion
1927:2nd French invasion
1920:1st French invasion
1732:François de Négrier
1691:Pescadores campaign
1656:Battle of Đồng Đăng
913:Lieutenant-Colonel
861:Brigade artillery (
785:Brigade artillery (
727:régiments de marche
634:French strategy in
337:François de Négrier
229:3 –13 February 1885
128:"Lạng Sơn campaign"
2095:Battle of Thuận An
2090:Battle of Phủ Hoài
2080:Battle of Gia Quất
1717:Marc-Edmond Dominé
1412:Armengaud, J. L.,
1108:
1079:Lieutenant Bossant
992:
984:
927:
919:
805:général de brigade
651:Bắc Giang Province
632:
624:
292:French Cochinchina
2225:Conflicts in 1885
2205:
2204:
2200:
2199:
2130:Lạng Sơn campaign
2110:Bắc Ninh Campaign
2013:Capture of Mỹ Tho
1864:
1863:
1841:Far East Squadron
1802:Armies and fleets
1676:Battle of Bang Bo
1666:Battle of Hòa Mộc
1661:Battle of Zhenhai
1651:Lạng Sơn campaign
1641:Battle of Núi Bop
1491:Lettres du Tonkin
1126:(24 March 1885).
1124:Battle of Bang Bo
1063:Captain Gravereau
1016:Orders of the Day
967:Battle of Bang Bo
856:chef de bataillon
847:chef de bataillon
837:chef de bataillon
825:chef de bataillon
818:chef de bataillon
780:chef de bataillon
771:chef de bataillon
764:chef de bataillon
752:chef de bataillon
745:chef de bataillon
614:Battle of Núi Bop
582:Lạng Sơn campaign
577:
576:
419:
418:
382:7,200 combatants
257:
256:
194:Lạng Sơn campaign
189:
188:
181:
163:
87:
86:
79:
2282:
2151:French Indochina
2105:Sơn Tây campaign
2008:Battle of Ky Hoa
1998:Siege of Tourane
1913:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1868:
1856:Tonkinese Rifles
1727:Sébastien Lespès
1722:Jacques Duchesne
1626:Battle of Tamsui
1616:Keelung campaign
1611:Battle of Fuzhou
1578:French Indochina
1542:
1535:
1528:
1519:
1479:(Lyons, undated)
1400:
1393:
1387:
1380:
1374:
1367:
1361:
1350:
1344:
1337:
1331:
1324:
1318:
1311:
1305:
1294:
1288:
1277:
1271:
1260:
1254:
1243:
1237:
1230:
1224:
1217:
1211:
1204:
1198:
1187:
1181:
1174:
1168:
1161:
1144:
1140:
1074:
1059:
872:(Captain Martin)
858:Jorna de Lacale)
708:
696:
684:
457:
455:
445:
438:
431:
422:
369:
368:
367:
358:
357:
356:
346:
345:
344:
335:
334:
333:
324:
323:
322:
305:
303:
302:
290:
289:
288:
280:
276:
274:
273:
223:
222:
215:
191:
184:
177:
173:
170:
164:
162:
121:
97:
89:
82:
75:
71:
68:
62:
27:
19:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2240:1885 in Vietnam
2220:Sino-French War
2210:
2209:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2155:
2134:
2100:Battle of Palan
2063:
2032:
2003:Siege of Saigon
1991:
1957:Tây Sơn dynasty
1935:
1928:
1921:
1906:
1895:
1865:
1860:
1851:Tonkin Flotilla
1836:Black Flag Army
1824:Guangdong Fleet
1797:
1746:
1700:
1646:Battle of Shipu
1631:Battle of Yu Oc
1603:
1597:
1588:Tientsin Accord
1583:Tonkin campaign
1551:
1549:Sino-French War
1546:
1409:
1404:
1403:
1394:
1390:
1381:
1377:
1368:
1364:
1351:
1347:
1338:
1334:
1325:
1321:
1312:
1308:
1295:
1291:
1278:
1274:
1261:
1257:
1244:
1240:
1231:
1227:
1218:
1214:
1205:
1201:
1188:
1184:
1175:
1171:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1147:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1100:
1094:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1066:
1060:
1051:
1018:
1009:
997:Chef d'escadron
976:
962:
953:
940:
907:
898:
893:
885:Tonkin campaign
863:chef d'escadron
787:chef d'escadron
719:
712:
709:
700:
697:
688:
685:
676:
616:
610:
586:Sino-French War
578:
573:
458:
454:Sino-French War
453:
451:
449:
383:
365:
363:
362:
354:
352:
342:
340:
339:
331:
329:
328:
320:
318:
300:
298:
286:
284:
271:
269:
268:
245:
216:
205:Sino-French War
201:Tonkin campaign
185:
174:
168:
165:
122:
120:
114:
110:primary sources
98:
83:
72:
66:
63:
48:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2288:
2286:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2230:1885 in France
2227:
2222:
2212:
2211:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1987:Tourane (1856)
1984:
1982:Tourane (1847)
1979:
1974:
1972:Nguyễn dynasty
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1931:
1924:
1917:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1886:
1879:
1871:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1712:Amédée Courbet
1708:
1706:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1607:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1537:
1530:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1487:
1480:
1473:
1472:(Taipei, 1993)
1466:
1459:
1452:
1447:Hocquard, C.,
1445:
1438:
1431:
1424:
1417:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1388:
1375:
1362:
1345:
1332:
1319:
1306:
1289:
1272:
1255:
1238:
1225:
1212:
1199:
1182:
1169:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1096:Main article:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1076:
1069:
1067:
1061:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1017:
1014:
1008:
1005:
975:
972:
961:
958:
952:
949:
939:
936:
906:
903:
897:
894:
892:
889:
881:
880:
879:
878:
877:
876:
873:
859:
852:
851:
850:
843:
840:
830:
829:
828:
821:
814:
801:
800:
799:
798:
797:
783:
776:
775:
774:
767:
757:
756:
755:
748:
718:
715:
714:
713:
710:
703:
701:
698:
691:
689:
686:
679:
675:
672:
612:Main article:
609:
606:
575:
574:
572:
571:
566:
550:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
488:
487:
482:
477:
472:
463:
460:
459:
450:
448:
447:
440:
433:
425:
417:
416:
413:
394:
393:
389:
388:
385:
379:
378:
374:
373:
350:
315:
314:
310:
309:
296:
295:
294:
264:
263:
259:
258:
255:
254:
253:French victory
251:
247:
246:
237:
235:
231:
230:
227:
219:
218:
208:
207:
196:
195:
187:
186:
101:
99:
92:
85:
84:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2287:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2235:1885 in China
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2208:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2125:Bắc Lệ ambush
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1932:
1930:
1925:
1923:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1901:(1858–1886) (
1900:
1892:
1887:
1885:
1880:
1878:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1829:Nanyang Fleet
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1814:Beiyang Fleet
1812:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1768:Tang Jingsong
1766:
1764:
1763:Liu Mingchuan
1761:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1686:Tonkin Affair
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1600:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1543:
1538:
1536:
1531:
1529:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1514:(Paris, 1934)
1513:
1510:Thomazi, A.,
1509:
1507:(Hanoi, 1931)
1506:
1503:Thomazi, A.,
1502:
1500:(Paris, 1887)
1499:
1495:
1493:(Paris, 1886)
1492:
1489:Normand, R.,
1488:
1486:(Paris, 1891)
1485:
1482:Nicolas, V.,
1481:
1478:
1474:
1471:
1468:Lung Chang ,
1467:
1465:(Paris, 1893)
1464:
1461:Lecomte, J.,
1460:
1458:(Paris, 1895)
1457:
1454:Lecomte, J.,
1453:
1451:(Paris, 1892)
1450:
1446:
1444:(Paris, 1892)
1443:
1440:Harmant, J.,
1439:
1437:(Paris, 1888)
1436:
1432:
1430:(Paris, 1888)
1429:
1425:
1423:(Hanoi, 1931)
1422:
1418:
1416:(Paris, 1901)
1415:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1398:
1392:
1389:
1385:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1358:Vie militaire
1355:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1310:
1307:
1303:
1302:Vie militaire
1299:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1285:Vie militaire
1282:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1268:Vie militaire
1265:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1251:Vie militaire
1248:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1203:
1200:
1196:
1195:Vie militaire
1192:
1186:
1183:
1179:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1160:
1157:
1150:
1139:
1136:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1115:
1113:
1104:
1099:
1091:
1086:
1080:
1073:
1068:
1064:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1015:
1013:
1006:
1004:
1002:
998:
988:
980:
973:
971:
968:
959:
957:
950:
948:
944:
937:
935:
933:
923:
916:
911:
904:
902:
895:
890:
888:
886:
874:
871:
867:
866:
864:
860:
857:
853:
848:
844:
841:
838:
834:
833:
831:
826:
822:
819:
815:
812:
811:
809:
808:
806:
803:2nd Brigade (
802:
795:
791:
790:
788:
784:
781:
777:
772:
768:
765:
761:
760:
758:
753:
749:
746:
742:
741:
739:
738:
736:
735:
734:
732:
728:
724:
716:
707:
702:
695:
690:
683:
678:
673:
671:
667:
664:
660:
656:
652:
647:
645:
641:
637:
628:
620:
615:
607:
605:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
570:
567:
564:
560:
557:
556:
555:
554:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
494:
493:
492:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
467:
466:
465:Naval battles
461:
456:
446:
441:
439:
434:
432:
427:
426:
423:
414:
411:
408:
405:
402:
399:
396:
395:
390:
386:
384:4,500 coolies
381:
380:
375:
372:
361:
351:
349:
338:
327:
317:
316:
311:
308:
297:
293:
283:
282:
281:
279:
266:
265:
260:
252:
249:
248:
244:
240:
236:
233:
232:
228:
225:
224:
220:
214:
209:
206:
202:
197:
192:
183:
180:
172:
161:
158:
154:
151:
147:
144:
140:
137:
133:
130: –
129:
125:
124:Find sources:
118:
112:
111:
107:
102:This article
100:
96:
91:
90:
81:
78:
70:
60:
56:
52:
46:
42:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2207:
2129:
1819:Fujian Fleet
1788:Zhang Peilun
1778:Li Hongzhang
1650:
1621:Kép campaign
1604:developments
1511:
1504:
1497:
1496:Sarrat, L.,
1490:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1462:
1455:
1448:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1426:Dreyfus, G,
1420:
1413:
1396:
1391:
1383:
1378:
1370:
1365:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1340:
1335:
1327:
1322:
1314:
1309:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1233:
1228:
1220:
1215:
1207:
1202:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1177:
1172:
1164:
1159:
1138:
1120:Zhennan Pass
1116:
1109:
1043:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1023:
1019:
1010:
1000:
996:
993:
963:
954:
945:
941:
928:
899:
882:
869:
865:de Douvres)
862:
855:
846:
836:
824:
817:
804:
793:
786:
779:
770:
766:de Mibielle)
763:
751:
744:
726:
722:
720:
668:
659:Kep campaign
648:
633:
598:Guangxi Army
581:
579:
552:
551:
547:2nd Lạng Sơn
522:1st Lạng Sơn
521:
490:
489:
464:
409:
406:
403:
400:
397:
307:Qing dynasty
267:
262:Belligerents
199:Part of the
175:
169:January 2022
166:
156:
149:
142:
135:
123:
103:
73:
67:October 2021
64:
49:Please help
33:
1936:(1882–1886)
1929:(1873–1874)
1922:(1858–1862)
1737:Jules Ferry
1475:Maury, A.,
1356:, 298–305;
644:Jules Lewal
537:Phu Lam Tao
512:Tuyên Quang
360:Pan Dingxin
241:, northern
2214:Categories
1773:Feng Zicai
1758:Liu Yongfu
1556:Background
1419:Bonifacy,
1407:References
1283:, 241–50;
1266:, 230–40;
1249:, 227–30;
1193:, 155–76;
569:Pescadores
387:20,000 men
371:Feng Zicai
139:newspapers
106:references
51:improve it
41:verifiable
1916:Preceding
1783:Zeng Jize
1382:Lecomte,
1369:Lecomte,
1300:, 250–8;
1232:Lecomte,
1219:Lecomte,
1206:Lecomte,
1176:Thomazi,
1163:Thomazi,
1151:Footnotes
1087:Aftermath
849:Servière)
789:Levrard)
754:Lambinet)
653:) on the
527:Đồng Đăng
55:citations
1943:Treaties
1897:Wars in
1397:Lang-Son
1384:Lang-Son
1371:Lang-Son
1354:Lang-Son
1341:Lang-Son
1328:Lang-Son
1315:Lang-Son
1298:Lang-Son
1281:Lang-Son
1264:Lang-Son
1247:Lang-Son
1234:Lang-Son
1221:Lang-Son
1208:Lang-Son
1191:Lang-Son
1178:Conquête
1165:Conquête
602:Lạng Sơn
497:Hưng Hóa
377:Strength
239:Lạng Sơn
234:Location
1899:Vietnam
1373:, 257–8
1223:, 205–6
1180:, 242–3
1167:, 243–6
839:Diguet)
827:Farret)
782:Tonnot)
747:Mahias)
663:Núi Bop
655:Luc Nam
559:Keelung
542:Bang Bo
532:Hòa Mộc
517:Núi Bop
491:Vietnam
485:Zhenhai
243:Vietnam
153:scholar
45:neutral
1940:Issues
820:Faure)
773:Comoy)
636:Tonkin
563:Tamsui
553:Taiwan
475:Tamsui
470:Fuzhou
304:
278:France
275:
250:Result
155:
148:
141:
134:
126:
1386:, 307
1236:, 206
1130:Notes
640:Delta
507:Yu Oc
480:Shipu
415:Heavy
160:JSTOR
146:books
1077:2nd
580:The
226:Date
132:news
43:and
870:bis
794:bis
502:Kep
108:to
57:to
2216::
203:,
119:.
1905:)
1890:e
1883:t
1876:v
1541:e
1534:t
1527:v
565:)
561:(
444:e
437:t
430:v
182:)
176:(
171:)
167:(
157:·
150:·
143:·
136:·
113:.
80:)
74:(
69:)
65:(
61:.
47:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
