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703:
600:. They demanded the pope abandon all governmental duties, and that he would retain only ecclesiastical taxes and voluntary tributes. The Senate took over powers to elect magistrates and strike its own coinage. At first, Lucius asked for Roger II's aid, but Roger, still annoyed that Lucius had not fully recognised his kingship, withheld his assistance. Lucius then turned for help to
717:
689:
202:
579:
The Senate, which practically took all temporal power from the pope during the pontificate of
Innocent II, had been managed with considerable skill and firmness by Lucius at the beginning of his pontificate, convincing many senators to either leave the
522:, while Roger instead wanted additional territory that formed part of the Papal States in the south. Lucius II, on the advice of his cardinals, was unwilling to accept Roger's demands and rejected them. Infuriated, King Roger returned to
462:
to Lucius, as he had done to Pope
Innocent II, and to make the pope the feudal suzerain of his lands. He offered Lucius his territory and a yearly tribute of four ounces of gold in exchange for the defence and support of the
399:
and churches, including exempting the monastery of St. Edmund from all subjection to the secular authorities. He also dispatched a papal legate, Igmarus (or
Hincmar), to England, charged to investigate the request of
3607:
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in 1124. During this time there he renovated the basilica, attached a body of regular canons and improved its revenue stream. After his election as pope, he presented to the church a copy of the
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which sought to deprive the pope of his temporal power. The principal groups involved in this movement were the merchants and artisans, while the urban nobility kept their neutrality.
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439:. Lucius received it on 18 March 1144 and, for a payment of ten pounds of gold, agreed to defend it on his behalf. Lucius then returned the castle to them as a
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338:. He had a further period as legate to Germany in 1135–36. He was one of the principal negotiators with Lothair III in attempting to force the monks of
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Finally, Lucius marched against the
Senatorial positions on the Capitol with a small army. He was driven back by Giordano, and according to
467:. Although Lucius accepted Afonso's feudal homage on 1 May 1144, and excused him from appearing in person, he did not acknowledge Afonso as
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While waiting for Conrad's reply, Lucius decided to take matters into his own hands. Turning to the Roman aristocracy, in particular the
5953:
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658:, he was seriously injured during this battle (by a thrown stone). He did not recover from his injuries and died on 15 February 1145 at
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542:. This forced the Romans to capitulate, and in September 1144, Lucius agreed to Roger's terms, negotiating a seven-year truce. The
401:
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bound with plates of gold and adorned with jewels, as well as an altar-cover and two chased silver-gilt ampullae for use at
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358:. As a principal supporter of Pope Innocent II, the pope rewarded him for his efforts by appointing him papal
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31:
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1042:
674:
601:
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335:
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5526:
3112:
6245:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6075:
6002:
5845:
5805:
5624:
5501:
5440:
5245:
5220:
5156:
4033:
4002:
3899:
3780:
3694:
3574:
3477:
3194:
3189:
3062:
2993:
2971:
613:
451:
363:
351:
6197:
5921:
5911:
5860:
5718:
5704:
5564:
5306:
5069:
4822:
4724:
4517:
4501:
4021:
3931:
3382:
3326:
3274:
3175:
3137:
2492:
1875:
1157:
708:
527:
409:
2846:
6209:
5986:
5755:
5679:
5647:
5466:
5435:
5272:
5260:
5121:
5059:
4842:
4659:
3517:
3509:
3252:
2953:
2920:
2771:
2765:
2660:
2512:
2507:
2472:
2341:
2321:
2241:
2140:
2115:
2105:
2005:
1990:
1514:
1242:
1235:
655:
605:
589:
499:
476:
355:
301:
245:
5775:
1060:
1053:
608:, and on December 1144 wrote to him pleading for military assistance against the Senate and the
455:
6155:
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5835:
5821:
5795:
5780:
5684:
5669:
5599:
5589:
5458:
5390:
5291:
5255:
5151:
4802:
4038:
3363:
3243:
3010:
2966:
2679:
2612:
2607:
2527:
2522:
2497:
2431:
2406:
2386:
2346:
2296:
2261:
2216:
2181:
2171:
2161:
2145:
2130:
2090:
2075:
2045:
1970:
1950:
1910:
1795:
1649:
1594:
1448:
1091:
1064:
962:
620:
490:, was restored to the papacy during Lucius’ pontificate by a formal deed on 20 November 1144.
308:
186:
158:
1087:
1082:
Chronicle of the Popes: The Reign-by-Reign Record of the Papacy from St. Peter to the
Present
1080:
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5410:
5250:
5208:
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4438:
4400:
4358:
4286:
4281:
4248:
4055:
3988:
3951:
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3921:
3846:
3699:
3689:
3649:
3180:
2998:
2981:
2666:
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2577:
2557:
2532:
2517:
2487:
2426:
2421:
2371:
2301:
2291:
2271:
2246:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2176:
2135:
2085:
2080:
2070:
2050:
2040:
2000:
1945:
1920:
1895:
1870:
1860:
1850:
1835:
1734:
1714:
1704:
1669:
1604:
1599:
1579:
1539:
1479:
1418:
1403:
1398:
1333:
1318:
1293:
1283:
694:
468:
327:
269:
117:
506:
to one of his children, the situation between the two deteriorated. The two parties met at
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6014:
6008:
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5770:
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5486:
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4639:
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4410:
4405:
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4266:
4191:
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3871:
3403:
3344:
2894:
2705:
2672:
2592:
2502:
2477:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2381:
2316:
2281:
2266:
2201:
2191:
2166:
2120:
2100:
2065:
2055:
2035:
2020:
2015:
2010:
1985:
1980:
1930:
1915:
1840:
1820:
1800:
1785:
1780:
1760:
1724:
1709:
1629:
1614:
1609:
1574:
1564:
1549:
1509:
1499:
1484:
1474:
1464:
1328:
1273:
1177:
1108:
666:
597:
581:
559:
535:
459:
421:
417:
289:
273:
237:
229:
217:
63:
1036:
6230:
6166:
5991:
5785:
5760:
5724:
5664:
5657:
5652:
5642:
5496:
5481:
5420:
5296:
5286:
5042:
4817:
4746:
4594:
4529:
4315:
4305:
4291:
4276:
3956:
3851:
3735:
3714:
3248:
3127:
3102:
3074:
3005:
2839:
2795:
2777:
2746:
2740:
2732:
2726:
2720:
2552:
2482:
2416:
2366:
2356:
2336:
2311:
2256:
2251:
2221:
2196:
2125:
2110:
2030:
1975:
1965:
1940:
1825:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1699:
1684:
1619:
1584:
1554:
1524:
1519:
1504:
1438:
1413:
1388:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1358:
1278:
1268:
1150:
722:
670:
648:
624:
367:
285:
261:
53:
224:
from 9 March 1144 to his death in 1145. His pontificate was notable for the unrest in
6224:
6050:
5976:
5942:
5926:
5886:
5569:
5544:
5320:
5230:
5215:
5137:
4709:
4669:
4554:
4476:
4461:
4310:
4271:
4077:
3961:
3758:
3427:
3142:
2587:
2567:
2542:
2411:
2376:
2351:
2306:
2286:
2211:
2206:
2186:
2060:
1995:
1955:
1935:
1925:
1830:
1739:
1694:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1589:
1569:
1559:
1534:
1494:
1443:
1433:
1428:
1408:
1363:
1323:
1308:
1288:
1230:
1188:
730:
636:
635:
had become a battleground, and the confusion prevented Lucius from travelling to the
628:
464:
371:
370:
as Lucius II and consecrated on 12 March 1144. He probably took his name in honor of
339:
41:
435:
of the castle within the town in order to protect it from the war between Lucca and
427:
Early in his reign, Lucius received a request from prominent members of the town of
6160:
6035:
5891:
5855:
5594:
5516:
5360:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5084:
4684:
4619:
4549:
4539:
4466:
4366:
4335:
4111:
4060:
3828:
3770:
3667:
3438:
3355:
3311:
3306:
3296:
3107:
3034:
2801:
2617:
2597:
2582:
2562:
2547:
2537:
2396:
2391:
2331:
2326:
2276:
1960:
1905:
1900:
1855:
1845:
1744:
1719:
1689:
1624:
1544:
1469:
1383:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1298:
1117:
565:
487:
293:
221:
182:
154:
130:
89:
627:
on 31 January 1145, allowing them complete control of the southern portion of the
596:, rebelled against Lucius II, driving out the papal prefects and establishing the
546:
in return withdrew back to their conquered territories and promised not to attack
4945:
330:, where he was instrumental in convincing Lothair III to make two expeditions to
5961:
5790:
5765:
5740:
5713:
5700:
5609:
5511:
5198:
4880:
4736:
4609:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4564:
3866:
3801:
3657:
3582:
3560:
3408:
3170:
3132:
2572:
2452:
2447:
2401:
2025:
1890:
1885:
1790:
1729:
1674:
1664:
1659:
1529:
1353:
1303:
1258:
632:
585:
396:
388:
387:
Lucius was involved in the usual running of church business throughout medieval
241:
201:
6204:
4919:
1142:
564:
This surrender on the part of Lucius II gave an opportunity for members of the
5745:
5330:
4574:
4569:
4393:
4320:
3936:
3856:
3487:
2686:
2361:
1880:
1865:
1679:
1654:
1489:
1393:
1313:
1263:
1205:
1134:
684:
312:
99:
662:, where he was under the protection of the neighbouring Frangipani fortress.
4679:
4674:
4644:
4340:
4103:
4087:
4072:
3916:
3806:
3684:
3674:
3542:
3321:
1423:
702:
547:
539:
503:
483:
454:, eager to maintain the newly established independence of Portugal from the
320:
316:
5559:
5313:
5301:
4827:
4654:
3753:
3122:
1225:
531:
515:
447:
432:
256:
Gherardo
Caccianemici dal Orso, the son of Orso Caccianemici was born in
17:
420:. Regarding the political situation in England, he took the side of the
5816:
5430:
5052:
4624:
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3462:
3336:
3279:
543:
507:
413:
392:
347:
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281:
257:
150:
5425:
5335:
5240:
4777:
4082:
4067:
4011:
3978:
1035:
640:
523:
511:
343:
233:
568:
to reassert their ancient independence and authority and to erect a
374:, who was commemorated a few days prior to Gherardo's consecration.
4875:
4043:
4007:
2863:
644:
519:
428:
331:
200:
4048:
3767:
1173:
1124:
573:
440:
436:
225:
178:
5982:
Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the
Immaculate Heart of Mary
4949:
2867:
1146:
323:
to govern the city, which had overthrown the previous rector.
588:. Now, encouraged by Lucius II's defeat, the Senate, led by
334:
for the purpose of protecting Pope
Innocent II against the
5871:
Dechristianization of France during the French
Revolution
616:, who also wrote to Conrad, asking for him to intervene.
300:
in 1125. While there, he helped support the candidacy of
534:. Duke Roger did as he was asked, and sent his general
232:
and its attempts to wrest control of the city from the
5902:
Dogma of the
Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary
538:
against Lucius, ravaging the country as far north as
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
797:
795:
793:
791:
789:
787:
785:
518:. Lucius demanded the return of the principality of
326:
In 1130 he was again appointed legate to Germany by
30:"Lucius II" redirects here. For the video game, see
6086:
5952:
5879:
5814:
5698:
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5535:
5457:
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5271:
5131:
5120:
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2626:
2440:
2154:
1753:
1457:
1251:
475:. The royal title would eventually be conferred by
288:. Honorius also appointed him the librarian of the
165:
141:
136:
123:
110:
105:
95:
85:
77:
69:
59:
39:
1079:
1052:
1014:The Papacy: An Encyclopedia, Vol II: Gaius-Proxies
6261:Burials at the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
929:
927:
925:
923:
510:in June 1144 to clarify the duties of Roger as a
5972:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII
1028:The Lives of the Popes in the Middle Ages, Vol 9
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
943:
941:
939:
913:
911:
909:
907:
905:
895:
893:
826:The Lives of the Popes in the Middle Ages, Vol 8
775:
773:
771:
769:
767:
765:
677:of argent, with a bear rampant of proper sable.
395:, he granted a number of privileges to bishops,
874:
872:
840:
838:
836:
834:
811:
809:
807:
755:
753:
751:
205:19th-century religious card depicting Lucius II
4961:
2879:
1158:
669:in the circular portico behind the apse. His
342:to submit themselves to the authority of the
27:Head of the Catholic Church from 1144 to 1145
8:
612:Giordano Pierleoni. Lucius was supported by
498:Although Lucius had been the friend of King
5987:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary
5937:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart
5356:
5345:
5128:
4968:
4954:
4946:
4808:International Alliance of Catholic Knights
3749:
3264:
2949:
2886:
2872:
2864:
2632:
1165:
1151:
1143:
1104:
1055:Saints and Sinners: A History of the Popes
36:
244:, and had a tense relationship with King
747:
424:over the rights to the English crown.
7:
1046:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
408:, to elevate his see to the rank of
5841:Suppression of the Society of Jesus
623:, he gave them the fortress of the
383:Relations with England and Portugal
5396:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
1059:. Yale University Press. pp.
25:
1034:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
354:involving Anacletus II with King
6203:
6191:
5522:Fourth Council of Constantinople
5477:Second Council of Constantinople
4930:
4929:
4918:
4886:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul
4434:Criticism of the Catholic Church
2845:
2834:
2833:
1086:. Thames & Hudson. pp.
715:
701:
687:
494:Conflict with Roger II of Sicily
319:. In 1128, Gherardo was sent to
5492:Third Council of Constantinople
5416:First Council of Constantinople
3053:First seven ecumenical councils
76:
68:
5731:Dissolution of the monasteries
4997:History of the Catholic Church
3628:Separation of church and state
1078:Maxwell-Stuart, P. G. (2002).
1021:A Compact History of the Popes
736:Cardinals Created by Lucius II
554:Emergence of the Roman Commune
550:or any other papal territory.
346:. In addition, he was sent to
214:Gherardo Caccianemici dal Orso
212:(died 15 February 1145), born
146:Gherardo Caccianemici dal Orso
1:
5605:Fourth Council of the Lateran
5580:Second Council of the Lateran
5189:Apostles in the New Testament
5719:Catholic Counter-Reformation
5585:Third Council of the Lateran
5575:First Council of the Lateran
5031:Catholic ecumenical councils
486:, formally belonging to the
350:to negotiate the end of the
307:as well as appointing Saint
660:San Gregorio Magno al Celio
6277:
5065:History of the Roman Curia
4925:Catholic Church portal
557:
278:Santa Croce in Gerusalemme
260:. He was for many years a
29:
6186:
5801:European wars of religion
5112:Eastern Catholic Churches
4913:
4851:Aid to the Church in Need
4472:Vatican Television Center
4117:Eastern Catholic Churches
2901:
2829:
1184:
1131:
1122:
1114:
1107:
957:NORWICH, JOHN JU (2012).
194:Other popes named Lucius
192:
52:
5932:Mary of the Divine Heart
5555:Clash against the empire
5507:Second Council of Nicaea
5401:Old St. Peter's Basilica
4793:Communion and Liberation
4257:Eastern Catholic liturgy
3422:Mystici Corporis Christi
3350:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate
665:Lucius II was buried at
592:, brother of the former
268:before his elevation by
266:Basilica di San Frediano
6198:Vatican City portal
5550:Investiture Controversy
5406:First Council of Nicaea
3608:Philosophy of canon law
3538:Mariology of the saints
3118:Investiture Controversy
2647:During the Roman Empire
526:and asked his son Duke
240:'s claim to England in
6210:Catholicism portal
6021:Second Vatican Council
5907:Our Lady of La Salette
5714:Protestant Reformation
5701:Protestant Reformation
5620:Second Council of Lyon
5009:Ecclesiastical history
4861:Catholic Charities USA
4495:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
4483:Vatican Polyglot Press
3533:Mariology of the popes
3171:Protestant Reformation
2852:Catholic Church Portal
2712:Conflicts with the HRE
1109:Catholic Church titles
1037:"Pope Lucius II"
570:revolutionary republic
364:papal election of 1144
292:before appointing him
206:
32:Lucius II (video game)
5917:First Vatican Council
5615:First Council of Lyon
5379:Constantine the Great
5075:Christian monasticism
4615:Good Shepherd Sisters
4457:Holy See Press Office
3695:Doctors of the Church
3528:Immaculate Conception
3483:Anointing of the Sick
3018:History of the papacy
2628:History of the papacy
1051:Duffy, Eamon (2001).
1043:Catholic Encyclopedia
1012:Levillain, Philippe,
594:Antipope Anacletus II
584:or to lay down their
558:Further information:
482:Finally, the city of
336:Antipope Anacletus II
204:
6094:Sexual abuse scandal
6003:Mit brennender Sorge
5846:Age of Enlightenment
5625:Bernard of Clairvaux
5502:Byzantine Iconoclasm
5441:Council of Chalcedon
5221:Council of Jerusalem
5090:Role in civilization
5070:Religious institutes
5002:By country or region
4488:L'Osservatore Romano
4426:Role in civilisation
4152:Croatian and Serbian
3900:Episcopal conference
3862:St. Peter's Basilica
3220:Sexual abuse scandal
3176:Catholic Reformation
2790:Revolutionary Papacy
2784:Age of Enlightenment
1023:, St Pauls BYB, 2007
959:The Popes: A History
651:on 20 January 1145.
614:Bernard of Clairvaux
406:Bishop of St David's
228:associated with the
6241:Clergy from Bologna
5922:Papal infallibility
5912:Our Lady of Lourdes
5861:Shimabara Rebellion
5705:Counter-Reformation
4823:Neocatechumenal Way
4788:Charismatic Renewal
4502:Annuario Pontificio
4100:Particular churches
3776:Ecumenical councils
3548:Perpetual virginity
3383:Communitas perfecta
3327:Sermon on the Mount
2637:Antiquity and Early
2441:17th–21st centuries
2155:13th–16th centuries
961:. London: Vintage.
709:Christianity portal
528:Roger III of Apulia
410:metropolitan bishop
6256:Italian librarians
6251:12th-century popes
5967:Our Lady of Fátima
5756:Ignatius of Loyola
5680:Catherine of Siena
5648:Pope Boniface VIII
5467:Benedict of Nursia
5436:Council of Ephesus
5273:Ante-Nicene period
5226:Split with Judaism
5060:Crusading movement
4660:Premonstratensians
3043:Ante-Nicene period
2921:Lists of Catholics
2772:Reformation Papacy
2766:Renaissance Papacy
2708:(1012–1044 / 1048)
2661:Ostrogothic Papacy
1754:9th–12th centuries
866:Levillain, pg. 960
801:Levillain, pg. 959
656:Godfrey of Viterbo
606:King of the Romans
590:Giordano Pierleoni
500:Roger II of Sicily
477:Pope Alexander III
473:Dux Portugallensis
412:, and to take the
356:Roger II of Sicily
302:Holy Roman Emperor
246:Roger II of Sicily
216:, was head of the
207:
6218:
6217:
6178:COVID-19 pandemic
6156:Pope Benedict XVI
6061:Pope John Paul II
5836:Pope Benedict XIV
5822:French Revolution
5806:Thirty Years' War
5796:Robert Bellarmine
5781:John of the Cross
5685:Pope Alexander VI
5670:Council of Vienne
5600:Francis of Assisi
5590:Pope Innocent III
5459:Early Middle Ages
5453:
5452:
5449:
5448:
5391:Arian controversy
5344:
5343:
5292:Apostolic Fathers
4943:
4942:
4353:
4352:
3746:
3569:
3568:
3261:
3238:
3237:
3230:COVID-19 pandemic
3200:French Revolution
3190:Thirty Years' War
3098:Islamic conquests
3011:Apostolic fathers
2946:
2861:
2860:
2825:
2824:
2717:Wandering Papacy
2680:Saeculum obscurum
2653:Under Constantine
1458:5th–8th centuries
1252:1st–4th centuries
1236:papal resignation
1141:
1140:
1132:Succeeded by
1097:978-0-500-01798-2
1070:978-0-300-09165-6
1026:Mann, Horace K.,
1016:, Routledge, 2002
621:Frangipani family
471:, but instead as
309:Norbert of Xanten
220:and ruler of the
199:
198:
187:Holy Roman Empire
159:Holy Roman Empire
16:(Redirected from
6268:
6208:
6207:
6196:
6195:
6194:
6173:Patriarch Kirill
6046:Pope John Paul I
5851:Anti-clericalism
5831:Pope Innocent XI
5751:Society of Jesus
5736:Council of Trent
5690:Age of Discovery
5635:Late Middle Ages
5537:High Middle Ages
5527:East–West Schism
5411:Pope Sylvester I
5357:
5346:
5256:General epistles
5251:Pauline epistles
5184:John the Baptist
5167:Great Commission
5129:
5080:Catholic culture
4970:
4963:
4956:
4947:
4933:
4932:
4923:
4922:
4665:Redemptoristines
4513:Religious orders
4439:Anti-Catholicism
4389:Church buildings
4249:Catholic liturgy
3989:Consecrated life
3847:Apostolic Palace
3814:Synod of Bishops
3750:
3726:
3332:Ten Commandments
3265:
3247:
3148:Age of Discovery
2982:Great Commission
2950:
2934:
2888:
2881:
2874:
2865:
2849:
2837:
2836:
2757:Early Modern and
2667:Byzantine Papacy
2633:
1167:
1160:
1153:
1144:
1115:Preceded by
1105:
1101:
1085:
1074:
1058:
1047:
1039:
1000:
997:
991:
988:
973:
972:
954:
948:
945:
934:
931:
918:
915:
900:
897:
888:
885:
879:
876:
867:
864:
845:
842:
829:
822:
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813:
802:
799:
780:
777:
760:
757:
725:
720:
719:
718:
711:
706:
705:
697:
695:Biography portal
692:
691:
690:
469:King of Portugal
458:, offered to do
328:Pope Innocent II
270:Pope Honorius II
176:15 February 1145
175:
173:
137:Personal details
124:Created cardinal
118:Alberic of Ostia
81:15 February 1145
37:
21:
6276:
6275:
6271:
6270:
6269:
6267:
6266:
6265:
6221:
6220:
6219:
6214:
6202:
6192:
6190:
6182:
6104:World Youth Day
6082:
6071:World Youth Day
6015:Pacem in terris
6009:Pope John XXIII
5948:
5875:
5866:Edict of Nantes
5824:
5820:
5810:
5776:Teresa of Ávila
5771:Tridentine Mass
5707:
5703:
5694:
5675:Knights Templar
5629:
5531:
5487:Gregorian chant
5445:
5371:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5352:
5340:
5267:
5136:
5124:
5116:
4983:
4981:Catholic Church
4974:
4944:
4939:
4917:
4909:
4888:
4871:Relief Services
4837:
4783:Catholic Action
4773:Military orders
4710:Confraternities
4702:of the faithful
4701:
4694:
4516:
4507:
4443:
4349:
4243:
4102:
4094:
4027:Prior, Prioress
3983:
3876:
3872:Vatican Museums
3823:
3756:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3725:
3719:
3644:
3598:Social teaching
3565:
3504:
3449:
3404:One true church
3368:
3345:Sixtine Vulgate
3341:Official Bible
3255:
3251:
3246:
3234:
3152:
3084:
3029:
2999:Petrine primacy
2942:
2938:
2933:
2925:
2897:
2895:Catholic Church
2892:
2862:
2857:
2821:
2804:(1929–present)
2758:
2752:
2706:Tusculan Papacy
2698:
2692:
2673:Frankish Papacy
2638:
2622:
2436:
2150:
1749:
1453:
1247:
1180:
1178:Catholic Church
1171:
1137:
1128:
1120:
1098:
1077:
1071:
1050:
1033:
1019:Thomas, P. C.,
1009:
1004:
1003:
998:
994:
989:
976:
969:
956:
955:
951:
946:
937:
932:
921:
916:
903:
898:
891:
886:
882:
877:
870:
865:
848:
843:
832:
823:
819:
814:
805:
800:
783:
778:
763:
758:
749:
744:
721:
716:
714:
707:
700:
693:
688:
686:
683:
667:St John Lateran
598:Commune of Rome
582:Capitoline Hill
562:
560:Commune of Rome
556:
536:Robert of Selby
496:
456:Kingdom of León
422:Empress Matilda
418:William of York
385:
380:
366:, Gherardo was
290:Diocese of Rome
274:cardinal priest
254:
238:Empress Matilda
236:. He supported
230:Commune of Rome
218:Catholic Church
177:
171:
169:
161:
148:
147:
128:
115:
64:Catholic Church
48:
45:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6274:
6272:
6264:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6223:
6222:
6216:
6215:
6213:
6212:
6200:
6187:
6184:
6183:
6181:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6152:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6101:
6096:
6090:
6088:
6084:
6083:
6081:
6080:
6079:
6078:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6011:
6006:
5999:
5994:
5992:Lateran Treaty
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5958:
5956:
5950:
5949:
5947:
5946:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5883:
5881:
5877:
5876:
5874:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5827:
5825:
5817:Baroque period
5815:
5812:
5811:
5809:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5786:Peter Canisius
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5761:Francis Xavier
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5725:Exsurge Domine
5721:
5716:
5710:
5708:
5699:
5696:
5695:
5693:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5665:Pope Clement V
5662:
5661:
5660:
5658:Avignon Papacy
5653:Western Schism
5650:
5645:
5643:Thomas Aquinas
5639:
5637:
5631:
5630:
5628:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5541:
5539:
5533:
5532:
5530:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5497:Saint Boniface
5494:
5489:
5484:
5482:Pope Gregory I
5479:
5474:
5469:
5463:
5461:
5455:
5454:
5451:
5450:
5447:
5446:
5444:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5421:Biblical canon
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5387:
5386:
5375:
5373:
5354:
5350:Late antiquity
5342:
5341:
5339:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5317:
5316:
5311:
5310:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5297:Pope Clement I
5287:Church Fathers
5284:
5278:
5276:
5269:
5268:
5266:
5265:
5264:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5212:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5170:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5143:
5141:
5126:
5118:
5117:
5115:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5093:
5092:
5087:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5056:
5055:
5050:
5048:Biblical canon
5043:Catholic Bible
5040:
5039:
5038:
5028:
5027:
5026:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5005:
5004:
4993:
4991:
4985:
4984:
4975:
4973:
4972:
4965:
4958:
4950:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4937:
4927:
4914:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4889:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4847:
4845:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4818:Legion of Mary
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4769:
4768:
4767:
4766:
4756:
4755:
4754:
4747:Lay Carmelites
4744:
4734:
4733:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4706:
4704:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4595:Conceptionists
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4530:Assumptionists
4526:
4524:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4498:
4491:
4484:
4481:
4480:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4459:
4453:
4451:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4397:
4396:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4375:
4374:
4363:
4361:
4355:
4354:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4347:
4346:
4345:
4344:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4298:
4297:
4296:
4295:
4294:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4253:
4251:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4241:
4240:
4239:
4234:
4232:Syro-Malankara
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4182:Italo-Albanian
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4114:
4108:
4106:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4092:
4091:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4070:
4065:
4064:
4063:
4053:
4052:
4051:
4046:
4036:
4031:
4030:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4000:
3993:
3991:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3965:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3909:
3908:
3907:
3902:
3891:
3889:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3852:Lateran Treaty
3849:
3844:
3839:
3833:
3831:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3810:
3809:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3792:
3778:
3773:
3764:
3762:
3747:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3671:
3670:
3665:
3654:
3652:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3635:
3625:
3624:
3623:
3613:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3588:Moral theology
3585:
3579:
3577:
3571:
3570:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3558:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3514:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3491:
3490:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3459:
3457:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3418:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3406:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3378:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3352:
3347:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3271:
3269:
3262:
3240:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3173:
3162:
3160:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3103:Pope Gregory I
3100:
3094:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3077:
3075:Biblical canon
3072:
3070:Late antiquity
3067:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3050:
3045:
3039:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3006:Church fathers
3003:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2958:
2956:
2947:
2940:Ecclesiastical
2927:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2883:
2876:
2868:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2843:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2817:
2811:
2799:
2796:Roman Question
2793:
2787:
2786:(c. 1640–1740)
2781:
2778:Baroque Papacy
2775:
2769:
2762:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2747:Western Schism
2744:
2741:Avignon Papacy
2738:
2737:
2736:
2730:
2724:
2715:
2709:
2702:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2687:Crescentii era
2684:
2676:
2670:
2664:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2643:
2641:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2621:
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2615:
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2605:
2600:
2595:
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2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2493:Alexander VIII
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
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2209:
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2199:
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2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2158:
2156:
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2151:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
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1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1876:Anastasius III
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
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1833:
1828:
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1103:
1102:
1096:
1075:
1069:
1048:
1031:
1024:
1017:
1008:
1005:
1002:
1001:
992:
974:
967:
949:
935:
933:Thomas, pg. 92
919:
901:
889:
880:
868:
846:
830:
817:
803:
781:
779:Thomas, pg. 91
761:
746:
745:
743:
740:
739:
738:
733:
727:
726:
723:History portal
712:
698:
682:
679:
671:heraldic badge
625:Circus Maximus
555:
552:
495:
492:
446:Meanwhile, in
431:to become the
416:to Archbishop
384:
381:
379:
376:
253:
250:
210:Pope Lucius II
197:
196:
190:
189:
167:
163:
162:
149:
145:
143:
139:
138:
134:
133:
125:
121:
120:
112:
108:
107:
103:
102:
97:
93:
92:
87:
83:
82:
79:
75:
74:
71:
67:
66:
61:
57:
56:
54:Bishop of Rome
50:
49:
46:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6273:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6236:Italian popes
6234:
6232:
6229:
6228:
6226:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6199:
6189:
6188:
6185:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6168:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6106:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6091:
6089:
6085:
6077:
6074:
6073:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6051:Mother Teresa
6049:
6047:
6044:
6041:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6016:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6004:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5977:Pope Pius XII
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5959:
5957:
5955:
5951:
5945:
5944:
5943:Rerum novarum
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5927:Pope Leo XIII
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5897:United States
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5887:Pope Pius VII
5885:
5884:
5882:
5878:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5726:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5702:
5697:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5659:
5656:
5655:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5640:
5638:
5636:
5632:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5570:Scholasticism
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5545:Pope Urban II
5543:
5542:
5540:
5538:
5534:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5464:
5462:
5460:
5456:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5385:
5382:
5381:
5380:
5377:
5376:
5374:
5370:
5362:
5358:
5355:
5351:
5347:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5321:Justin Martyr
5319:
5315:
5312:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5294:
5293:
5290:
5289:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5270:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5233:
5232:
5231:New Testament
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5194:Commissioning
5192:
5191:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5149:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5138:Apostolic Age
5134:
5130:
5127:
5123:
5119:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5082:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5044:
5041:
5037:
5034:
5033:
5032:
5029:
5025:
5024:Papal primacy
5022:
5021:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5003:
5000:
4999:
4998:
4995:
4994:
4992:
4990:
4986:
4982:
4978:
4971:
4966:
4964:
4959:
4957:
4952:
4951:
4948:
4936:
4928:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4915:
4912:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4890:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4866:Home Missions
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4848:
4846:
4844:
4840:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4760:
4759:Saint Francis
4757:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4742:Saint Dominic
4740:
4739:
4738:
4735:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4711:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4703:
4697:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
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4633:
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4628:
4626:
4623:
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4618:
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4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
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4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4555:Bethlehemites
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4523:
4519:
4514:
4510:
4504:
4503:
4499:
4497:
4496:
4492:
4490:
4489:
4485:
4482:
4478:
4477:Vatican Radio
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4464:
4463:
4462:Vatican Media
4460:
4458:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4450:
4446:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4373:
4370:
4369:
4368:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4360:
4356:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4323:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4303:
4302:
4299:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4259:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4250:
4246:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4119:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4057:
4054:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4009:
4006:
4005:
4004:
4001:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3986:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3914:
3913:
3910:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3808:
3805:
3804:
3803:
3800:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3759:List of popes
3755:
3751:
3748:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3722:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3647:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3629:
3626:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3562:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3543:Mother of God
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3456:
3452:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3440:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3428:People of God
3426:
3424:
3423:
3419:
3417:
3416:Infallibility
3414:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3365:
3362:
3358:
3357:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3292:Body and soul
3290:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3254:
3250:
3245:
3241:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3195:Enlightenment
3193:
3191:
3188:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3166:Protestantism
3164:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3143:Scholasticism
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3128:Schism (1378)
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3113:Schism (1054)
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3007:
3004:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2987:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2932:
2928:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2896:
2889:
2884:
2882:
2877:
2875:
2870:
2869:
2866:
2854:
2853:
2848:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2832:
2831:
2828:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2755:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2697:High and Late
2695:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2513:Benedict XIII
2511:
2509:
2508:Innocent XIII
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2473:Alexander VII
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2342:Innocent VIII
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2322:Callixtus III
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2242:Boniface VIII
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2141:Celestine III
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2116:Alexander III
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2106:Anastasius IV
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2006:Sylvester III
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1991:Benedict VIII
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1515:Anastasius II
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1244:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1231:Pope emeritus
1229:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1189:List of popes
1187:
1186:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1168:
1163:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1136:
1127:
1126:
1119:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1099:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1083:
1076:
1072:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1056:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1038:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1006:
999:Mann, pg. 113
996:
993:
990:Mann, pg. 118
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
975:
970:
968:9780099565871
964:
960:
953:
950:
947:Mann, pg. 117
944:
942:
940:
936:
930:
928:
926:
924:
920:
917:Mann, pg. 116
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
902:
899:Mann, pg. 123
896:
894:
890:
884:
881:
878:Mann, pg. 121
875:
873:
869:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
847:
844:Mann, pg. 119
841:
839:
837:
835:
831:
827:
821:
818:
815:Mann, pg. 115
812:
810:
808:
804:
798:
796:
794:
792:
790:
788:
786:
782:
776:
774:
772:
770:
768:
766:
762:
759:Mann, pg. 114
756:
754:
752:
748:
741:
737:
734:
732:
731:List of popes
729:
728:
724:
713:
710:
704:
699:
696:
685:
680:
678:
676:
672:
668:
663:
661:
657:
652:
650:
646:
642:
638:
637:Aventine Hill
634:
630:
629:Palatine Hill
626:
622:
617:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
577:
575:
571:
567:
561:
553:
551:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
493:
491:
489:
485:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
465:Apostolic See
461:
457:
453:
449:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
425:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
398:
394:
390:
382:
377:
375:
373:
372:Pope Lucius I
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
340:Monte Cassino
337:
333:
329:
324:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
251:
249:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
203:
195:
191:
188:
184:
180:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
144:
140:
135:
132:
127:December 1122
126:
122:
119:
114:12 March 1144
113:
109:
104:
101:
98:
94:
91:
88:
84:
80:
72:
65:
62:
58:
55:
51:
43:
38:
33:
19:
6165:
6161:Pope Francis
6087:21st century
6036:Pope Paul VI
6013:
6001:
5954:20th century
5941:
5892:Pope Pius IX
5880:19th century
5856:Pope Pius VI
5723:
5595:Latin Empire
5565:Universities
5517:Pope Leo III
5384:Christianity
5369:state church
5361:Great Church
5162:Resurrection
5125:(30–325/476)
5122:Early Church
5107:Latin Church
5102:Papal States
5097:Vatican City
4905:Universities
4737:Third orders
4700:Associations
4690:Visitandines
4685:Trinitarians
4635:Mercedarians
4620:Hieronymites
4565:Camaldoleses
4550:Benedictines
4540:Augustinians
4500:
4493:
4486:
4467:Vatican News
4421:Distinctions
4227:Syro-Malabar
4112:Latin Church
4034:Grand master
3932:Metropolitan
3829:Vatican City
3724:Organisation
3603:Philosophers
3468:Confirmation
3445:In canon law
3439:Subsistit in
3437:
3433:Three states
3420:
3381:
3374:Ecclesiology
3356:Nova Vulgata
3354:
3312:Original sin
3307:Nicene Creed
3297:Divine grace
3256:
3138:Universities
3108:Papal States
3035:Great Church
2977:Resurrection
2954:Early Church
2850:
2838:
2808:World War II
2802:Vatican City
2678:
2649:(until 493)
2613:Benedict XVI
2608:John Paul II
2528:Clement XIII
2523:Benedict XIV
2498:Innocent XII
2432:Clement VIII
2407:Gregory XIII
2387:Marcellus II
2347:Alexander VI
2297:Innocent VII
2262:Benedict XII
2217:Nicholas III
2182:Alexander IV
2172:Celestine IV
2162:Honorius III
2146:Innocent III
2131:Gregory VIII
2095:
2091:Celestine II
2076:Callixtus II
2046:Alexander II
1971:Sylvester II
1951:Benedict VII
1911:Stephen VIII
1796:Benedict III
1650:Adeodatus II
1595:Boniface III
1449:Anastasius I
1123:
1118:Celestine II
1081:
1054:
1041:
1027:
1020:
1013:
995:
958:
952:
887:Mann, pg 122
883:
825:
820:
664:
653:
618:
578:
566:Roman Senate
563:
497:
488:Papal States
481:
472:
445:
426:
386:
362:. After the
325:
294:papal legate
255:
222:Papal States
213:
209:
208:
183:Papal States
155:Papal States
131:Callixtus II
111:Consecration
90:Celestine II
78:Papacy ended
73:9 March 1144
70:Papacy began
6246:1145 deaths
6167:Laudato si'
5962:Pope Pius X
5791:Philip Neri
5766:Pope Pius V
5741:Thomas More
5610:Inquisition
5512:Charlemagne
5472:Monasticism
5282:Persecution
5174:Holy Spirit
5157:Crucifixion
5036:First seven
4895:Health care
4881:Pax Christi
4833:Schoenstatt
4798:Sant'Egidio
4630:Legionaries
4610:Franciscans
4585:Cistercians
4580:Carthusians
4535:Annonciades
4394:Altarpieces
4287:West Syriac
4282:East Syriac
4262:Alexandrian
3886:Holy orders
3867:Swiss Guard
3807:Dicasteries
3802:Roman Curia
3700:Evangelists
3658:Holy Family
3593:Personalism
3583:Natural law
3561:Josephology
3495:Holy orders
3133:Inquisition
3090:Middle Ages
3080:Monasticism
3048:Constantine
2972:Crucifixion
2816:(1945–1991)
2810:(1939–1945)
2798:(1870–1929)
2792:(1775–1848)
2780:(1585–1689)
2774:(1534–1585)
2768:(1417–1534)
2749:(1378–1417)
2743:(1309–1378)
2735:, 1228–1304
2729:, 1262–1297
2723:, 1257–1281
2714:(1048–1257)
2699:Middle Ages
2639:Middle Ages
2603:John Paul I
2578:Benedict XV
2558:Gregory XVI
2533:Clement XIV
2518:Clement XII
2488:Innocent XI
2427:Innocent IX
2422:Gregory XIV
2372:Clement VII
2302:Gregory XII
2292:Boniface IX
2272:Innocent VI
2247:Benedict XI
2237:Celestine V
2232:Nicholas IV
2227:Honorius IV
2177:Innocent IV
2136:Clement III
2086:Innocent II
2081:Honorius II
2071:Gelasius II
2051:Gregory VII
2041:Nicholas II
2001:Benedict IX
1946:Benedict VI
1921:Agapetus II
1896:Stephen VII
1871:Sergius III
1861:Benedict IV
1851:Theodore II
1836:Boniface VI
1735:Stephen III
1715:Gregory III
1705:Constantine
1670:Benedict II
1605:Adeodatus I
1600:Boniface IV
1580:Pelagius II
1540:Boniface II
1480:Celestine I
1419:Sylvester I
1404:Marcellus I
1399:Marcellinus
1334:Callixtus I
1319:Eleutherius
1294:Telesphorus
1284:Alexander I
1206:Papal names
633:Roman Forum
586:magisterium
397:monasteries
389:Christendom
378:Pontificate
305:Lothair III
242:the Anarchy
86:Predecessor
6225:Categories
6040:coronation
5746:Pope Leo X
5331:Tertullian
5261:Revelation
5236:Background
4650:Oratorians
4605:Dominicans
4575:Carmelites
4570:Camillians
4518:institutes
4331:Tridentine
4267:Antiochian
4187:Macedonian
4132:Belarusian
4022:Provincial
3937:Archbishop
3857:Roman Rota
3819:Properties
3744:By country
3740:Precedence
3705:Confessors
3685:Archangels
3675:Patriarchs
3575:Philosophy
3553:Veneration
3518:Assumption
3488:Last rites
3455:Sacraments
3399:Four marks
3210:Vatican II
3158:Modern era
2994:Succession
2759:Modern Era
2689:(974–1012)
2593:John XXIII
2503:Clement XI
2478:Clement IX
2468:Innocent X
2463:Urban VIII
2458:Gregory XV
2382:Julius III
2317:Nicholas V
2282:Gregory XI
2267:Clement VI
2202:Innocent V
2192:Clement IV
2167:Gregory IX
2121:Lucius III
2101:Eugene III
2066:Paschal II
2056:Victor III
2036:Stephen IX
2021:Damasus II
2016:Clement II
2011:Gregory VI
1986:Sergius IV
1981:John XVIII
1931:Benedict V
1916:Marinus II
1841:Stephen VI
1821:Adrian III
1801:Nicholas I
1786:Sergius II
1781:Gregory IV
1761:Stephen IV
1725:Stephen II
1710:Gregory II
1630:Theodore I
1615:Honorius I
1610:Boniface V
1575:Benedict I
1565:Pelagius I
1550:Agapetus I
1510:Gelasius I
1500:Simplicius
1485:Sixtus III
1475:Boniface I
1465:Innocent I
1329:Zephyrinus
1243:Pope-elect
1219:non-extant
1135:Eugene III
742:References
530:to invade
360:chancellor
313:Archbishop
252:Early life
172:1145-02-15
100:Eugene III
6056:Communism
6026:Ecumenism
5372:(380–451)
5364:(180–451)
5353:(313–476)
5275:(100–325)
4891:See also:
4843:Charities
4752:Discalced
4680:Trappists
4675:Theatines
4645:Olivetans
4590:Clarisses
4560:Blue nuns
4545:Basilians
4522:societies
4430:See also:
4316:Mozarabic
4306:Ambrosian
4292:Malankara
4277:Byzantine
4237:Ukrainian
4212:Ruthenian
4177:Hungarian
4162:Ethiopian
4137:Bulgarian
4104:sui iuris
4088:Postulant
3997:Religious
3952:Auxiliary
3947:Coadjutor
3917:Patriarch
3785:Cardinals
3732:Canon law
3728:Hierarchy
3710:Disciples
3633:Relations
3621:Evolution
3612:See also:
3557:See also:
3510:Mariology
3500:Matrimony
3473:Eucharist
3394:Ecumenism
3322:Salvation
3258:Catechism
3253:Tradition
3215:Communism
3063:Chalcedon
2683:(904–964)
2675:(756–857)
2669:(537–752)
2663:(493–537)
2655:(312–337)
2553:Pius VIII
2483:Clement X
2417:Urban VII
2367:Adrian VI
2357:Julius II
2337:Sixtus IV
2312:Eugene IV
2257:John XXII
2252:Clement V
2222:Martin IV
2197:Gregory X
2126:Urban III
2111:Adrian IV
2096:Lucius II
2031:Victor II
1976:John XVII
1966:Gregory V
1941:John XIII
1826:Stephen V
1816:Marinus I
1811:John VIII
1806:Adrian II
1776:Valentine
1771:Eugene II
1766:Paschal I
1700:Sisinnius
1685:Sergius I
1620:Severinus
1585:Gregory I
1555:Silverius
1525:Hormisdas
1520:Symmachus
1505:Felix III
1439:Damasus I
1414:Miltiades
1389:Eutychian
1379:Dionysius
1374:Sixtus II
1369:Stephen I
1359:Cornelius
1279:Evaristus
1274:Clement I
1269:Anacletus
1199:canonised
1194:graphical
828:, pg. 256
610:Patrician
548:Benevento
540:Ferentino
504:godparent
321:Benevento
317:Magdeburg
96:Successor
47:Lucius II
18:Lucius II
6066:HIV/AIDS
5560:Crusades
5314:Irenaeus
5307:Ignatius
5302:Polycarp
5152:Ministry
5140:(30–100)
5014:Timeline
4935:Category
4828:Opus Dei
4813:Scouting
4803:Focolare
4670:Servites
4655:Piarists
4600:Crosiers
4336:Anglican
4272:Armenian
4202:Romanian
4192:Maronite
4167:Georgian
4157:Eritrean
4142:Chaldean
4127:Armenian
4122:Albanian
4003:Superior
3962:Emeritus
3942:Diocesan
3795:Advisers
3754:Holy See
3680:Prophets
3638:Politics
3409:Catholic
3389:Councils
3244:Theology
3123:Crusades
3058:Nicaea I
2989:Apostles
2967:Ministry
2936:Timeline
2916:Glossary
2840:Category
2814:Cold War
2588:Pius XII
2568:Leo XIII
2543:Pius VII
2412:Sixtus V
2377:Paul III
2352:Pius III
2307:Martin V
2287:Urban VI
2212:John XXI
2207:Adrian V
2187:Urban IV
2061:Urban II
1996:John XIX
1956:John XIV
1936:Leo VIII
1926:John XII
1831:Formosus
1740:Adrian I
1695:John VII
1645:Vitalian
1640:Eugene I
1635:Martin I
1590:Sabinian
1570:John III
1560:Vigilius
1535:Felix IV
1495:Hilarius
1444:Siricius
1434:Liberius
1429:Julius I
1409:Eusebius
1364:Lucius I
1324:Victor I
1309:Anicetus
1289:Sixtus I
1226:Antipope
1129:1144–45
681:See also
649:San Saba
532:Campania
516:Holy See
452:Afonso I
448:Portugal
433:suzerain
116:by
6031:Judaism
5431:Vulgate
5241:Gospels
5216:Stephen
5133:Origins
5053:Vulgate
4989:General
4979:of the
4977:History
4900:Schools
4856:Caritas
4764:Secular
4730:Workers
4625:Jesuits
4411:Museums
4406:Library
4384:Writers
4379:Artists
4359:Culture
4326:Paul VI
4207:Russian
4197:Melkite
4039:Brother
4017:General
3957:Titular
3927:Primate
3905:Eparchy
3895:Diocese
3842:Outline
3781:College
3771:Francis
3715:Virgins
3690:Martyrs
3616:Science
3523:History
3478:Penance
3463:Baptism
3364:Worship
3337:Vulgate
3285:Kingdom
3280:Trinity
3268:General
3023:Primacy
2931:History
2911:Outline
2733:Perugia
2727:Orvieto
2721:Viterbo
2618:Francis
2598:Paul VI
2583:Pius XI
2563:Pius IX
2548:Leo XII
2538:Pius VI
2397:Pius IV
2392:Paul IV
2332:Paul II
2327:Pius II
2277:Urban V
1961:John XV
1906:Leo VII
1901:John XI
1856:John IX
1846:Romanus
1745:Leo III
1720:Zachary
1690:John VI
1625:John IV
1545:John II
1470:Zosimus
1384:Felix I
1349:Anterus
1344:Pontian
1339:Urban I
1299:Hyginus
1176:of the
1061:140–141
1007:Sources
544:Normans
514:of the
508:Ceprano
484:Corneto
450:, King
414:pallium
402:Bernard
393:England
368:elected
348:Salerno
311:as the
298:Germany
282:Gospels
264:of the
258:Bologna
151:Bologna
5997:Nazism
5819:to the
5426:Jerome
5336:Origen
5019:Papacy
4778:Fimcap
4720:Marian
4640:Minims
4372:Marian
4222:Syriac
4217:Slovak
4147:Coptic
4083:Oblate
4078:Master
4073:Novice
4068:Hermit
4056:Sister
4012:Abbess
3979:Deacon
3974:Priest
3969:Parish
3912:Bishop
3882:Polity
3668:Joseph
3650:Saints
3317:Saints
3205:Nazism
2573:Pius X
2453:Paul V
2448:Leo XI
2402:Pius V
2026:Leo IX
1891:Leo VI
1886:John X
1791:Leo IV
1730:Paul I
1675:John V
1665:Leo II
1660:Agatho
1530:John I
1354:Fabian
1304:Pius I
1214:extant
1210:Tombs
1094:
1067:
1030:(1925)
965:
824:Mann,
675:shield
673:was a
641:ordain
631:. The
602:Conrad
524:Sicily
512:vassal
460:homage
352:schism
344:papacy
234:papacy
106:Orders
60:Church
6231:Popes
6099:Islam
5367:Roman
5326:Canon
5199:Peter
5147:Jesus
4876:CIDSE
4725:Youth
4449:Media
4416:Music
4341:Zaire
4321:Roman
4311:Braga
4301:Latin
4172:Greek
4044:Friar
4008:Abbot
3922:Major
3837:Index
3736:Laity
3302:Dogma
3249:Bible
3225:Islam
3181:Trent
2962:Jesus
2944:Legal
2906:Index
2362:Leo X
1881:Lando
1866:Leo V
1680:Conon
1655:Donus
1490:Leo I
1394:Caius
1314:Soter
1264:Linus
1259:Peter
1174:Popes
645:abbot
520:Capua
429:Lucca
391:. In
332:Italy
262:canon
6149:2023
6144:2019
6139:2016
6134:2013
6129:2011
6124:2008
6119:2005
6114:2002
6109:2000
6076:1995
5246:Acts
5209:Paul
5204:John
5179:Mary
4401:Folk
4049:Monk
3790:List
3768:Pope
3663:Mary
1424:Mark
1125:Pope
1092:ISBN
1065:ISBN
963:ISBN
643:the
574:Rome
502:and
441:fief
437:Pisa
286:Mass
226:Rome
179:Rome
166:Died
142:Born
42:Pope
5135:and
5085:Art
4715:Lay
4367:Art
4061:Nun
3783:of
3275:God
647:of
639:to
572:at
315:of
296:in
276:of
272:to
129:by
6227::
4520:,
4010:,
1090:.
1088:95
1063:.
1040:.
977:^
938:^
922:^
904:^
892:^
871:^
849:^
833:^
806:^
784:^
764:^
750:^
604:,
479:.
443:.
404:,
248:.
185:,
181:,
157:,
153:,
6042:)
6038:(
4969:e
4962:t
4955:v
4515:,
3999::
3888:)
3884:(
3761:)
3757:(
2887:e
2880:t
2873:v
1166:e
1159:t
1152:v
1100:.
1073:.
971:.
174:)
170:(
34:.
20:)
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