627:, 1951–1952, (Tate) is an example of a transitional work in this process, sharing many characteristics with paintings before and after it, with relatively tight brushwork and a middling size and viewpoint. He would often clean his brush after each stroke when painting flesh, so that the colour remained constantly variable. He also started to paint standing up, which continued until old age, when he switched to a high chair. The colours of non-flesh areas in these paintings are typically muted, while the flesh becomes increasingly highly and variably coloured. By about 1960, Freud had established the style that he would use, with some changes, for the rest of his career. The later portraits often use an over life-size scale, but are of mostly relatively small heads or in half-lengths. Later portraits are often much larger. In his late career he often followed a portrait by producing an
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692:, a nude completed in 2007, required sixteen months of work, with the model, Ria Kirby, posing all but four evenings during that time. With each session averaging five hours, the painting took approximately 2,400 hours to complete. A rapport with his models was necessary, and while at work, Freud was characterised as "an outstanding raconteur and mimic". Regarding the difficulty in deciding when a painting is completed, Freud said that "he feels he's finished when he gets the impression he's working on somebody else's painting". Paintings were divided into day paintings done in natural light and night paintings done under artificial light, and the sessions, and lighting, were never mixed.
646:, "The distinctive, recumbent manner in which Freud poses so many of his sitters suggests the conscious or unconscious influence both of his grandfather's psychoanalytical couch and of the Egyptian mummy, his dreaming figures, clothed or nude, staring into space until (if ever) brought back to health and/or consciousness. The particular application of this supine pose to freaks, friends, wives, mistresses, dogs, daughters and mother alike (the latter regularly depicted after her suicide attempt and eventually, literally mummy-like in death), tends to support this hypothesis."
1419:"He had met Freud by 1949...the acquaintance was well-developed by 1950 when we shared the ground-floor of a house in Hatch Street together. Lucian, who was staying in Ireland, used to come around in the mornings to paint, so that sometimes when I would surface around ten or eleven I would find them both at work in the studio next door." – Anthony Cronin, Patrick Swift (1927–83), IMMA Retrospective Catalogue, 1993; "Freud… came to Dublin in 1948… In September 1951 Kitty Garman wrote to her mother… She mentions Freud working on a painting in Paddy Swift's Hatch Street studio,
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really." However the titles were mostly anonymous, and the identity of the sitter not always disclosed; the Duke and
Duchess of Devonshire had a portrait of one of Freud's daughters as a baby for several years before he mentioned who the model was. In the 1970s Freud spent 4,000 hours on a series of paintings of his mother, about which art historian
55:
365:, often set in unsettling interiors and urban landscapes. The works are noted for their psychological penetration and often discomforting examination of the relationship between artist and model. Freud worked from life studies, and was known for asking for extended and punishing sittings from his models.
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It was Freud's practice to begin a painting by first drawing in charcoal on the canvas. He then applied paint to a small area of the canvas, and gradually worked outward from that point. For a new sitter, he often started with the head as a means of "getting to know" the person, then painted the rest
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From the 1950s, he began to focus on portraiture, often nudes (though his first full-length nude was not painted until 1966), to the almost complete exclusion of everything else, and by the middle of the decade developed a much more free style using large hog's-hair brushes, concentrating on the
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Freud's subjects, who needed to make a very large and uncertain commitment of their time, were often the people in his life; friends, family, fellow painters, lovers, children. He said, "The subject matter is autobiographical, it's all to do with hope and memory and sensuality and involvement,
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of the figure, eventually returning to the head as his comprehension of the model deepened. A section of canvas was intentionally left bare until the painting was finished. The finished painting is an accumulation of richly worked layers of pigment, as well as months of intense observation.
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The negative attitude towards
Germany came on the one hand due to the National Socialists' forced flight of the family from their beloved Berlin to London, and on the other hand due to the theft of his portrait of Francis Bacon, which was stolen from the traveling exhibition in the
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as a group named the "School of London". This group was a loose collection of individual artists who knew each other, some intimately, and were working in London at the same time in the figurative style. The group was active contemporaneously with the boom years of
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361:, but by the early 1950s his often stark and alienated paintings tended towards realism. Freud was an intensely private and guarded man, and his paintings, completed over a 60-year career, are mostly of friends and family. They are generally sombre and thickly
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In 1987 the
British Council organised a retrospective for the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden in Washington, DC, which was subsequently shown in the Musée National d'Art Moderne in Paris, in the Hayward Gallery London and in the Neue Nationalgalerie in
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Frankfurt was able to show 50 paintings, drawings and etchings from the late 1940s to 2000 in a larger overview exhibition despite the artist's considerable resentment towards
Germany. All print media bore the motif of Freud's outstanding painting
673:(2006). Wilting houseplants feature prominently in some portraits, especially in the 1960s, and Freud also produced a number of paintings purely of plants. Other regular features included mattresses in earlier works, and huge piles of the
456:, in 1942–43. He served as a merchant seaman in an Atlantic convoy in 1941 before being invalided out of the service in 1942. As a result of his poor physical condition he was able, unlike his two brothers, to avoid conscription.
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presented "Lucian Freud: Early Works". The exhibition comprised around 30 drawings and paintings done between 1940 and 1945. In 1997 Freud received the Rubens Prize of the city of Siegen. From
September 2000 to March 2001, the
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Freud's most consistent model in his later years was his studio assistant and friend David Dawson, the subject of his final, unfinished work. Towards the end of his life he did a nude portrait of model
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318:; 8 December 1922 – 20 July 2011) was a British painter and draughtsman, specialising in figurative art, and is known as one of the foremost 20th-century English portraitists. He was born in
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for $ 7.4 million. The top left section of this painting has been 'grafted' on to the main section below, and closer inspection reveals a horizontal line where these two sections were joined.
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rags with which he used to clean his brushes in later ones. Some portraits, especially in the 1980s, have very carefully painted views of London roofscapes seen through the studio windows.
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The use of animals in his compositions is widespread, and often he features a pet and its owner. Other examples of portraits with both animals and people in Freud's work include
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661:(1985–86). He had a special passion for horses, having enjoyed riding at school in Dartington, where he sometimes slept in the stables. His portraits solely of horses include
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Freud painted from life, and usually spent a great deal of time with each subject, demanding the model's presence even while working on the background of the portrait.
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1570:(April/May 2006), pp. 62–69, complete refs in Chaney, Edward (2006). 'Egypt in England and America: The Cultural Memorials of Religion, Royalty and Religion',
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in depicting people, plants and animals in unusual juxtapositions. Some very early works anticipate the varied flesh tones of his mature style, for example
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to Paris, where they married in 1953; they divorced in 1959. During the late 1970s and 80s, Freud was also famously in a relationship with fellow painter
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Freud's portraits often depict only the sitter, sometimes sprawled naked on the floor or on a bed or alternatively juxtaposed with something else, as in
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observed "it is more than 300 years since a painter showed as directly and as visually his relationship with his mother. And that was
Rembrandt."
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and Lucian Freud and is thus the only project Freud authorised in direct cooperation with a German museum. The major retrospective at London's
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856:. There was criticism of the portrayal in some sections of the British media. In 2005, a retrospective of Freud's work was held at the
814:(1995-1996) depicting the nude Sue Tilley. In addition to some of his most important nude portraits of women, the large-format picture
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Freud was noted for his aversion to being photographed; he once kicked a photographer on his departure from a private dinner.
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mounted a major exhibition of 27 paintings and thirteen etchings, covering Freud's output to date. The following year the
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713:, 1995, a very large portrait of "Big Sue" Tilley, showing his handling of flesh tones, and a typical high viewpoint
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Sotheby's
October 2011 Evening Sales of 20th Century Italian Art and Contemporary Art Total £39.5/$ 62/€45 Million
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New York from the exhibition in 1993. The
Frankfurt exhibition was realised in a personal dialogue between curator
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762:. Freud was one of the best known British artists working in a representational style, and was shortlisted for the
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Freud acknowledged fourteen of his children, two from Freud's first marriage and 12 by various mistresses. Writer
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385:. Lucian, the second of their three boys, was the elder brother of the broadcaster, writer and politician
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483:. In the summer of 1946, he travelled to Paris before continuing to Greece for several months to visit
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Channel Four News
Interview with Lucian Freud on the campaign to keep Titian paintings in Britain 2008
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905:, sold for $ 33.6 million – the highest price ever at the time for a work by a living artist. At a
377:), Freud was the son of a German Jewish mother, Lucie (née Brasch), and an Austrian Jewish father,
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programme which saw one of the very few conversations with Freud ever recorded, in this case with
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of the subject in a different pose, drawing directly onto the plate, with the sitter in his view.
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and comprised, among other drawings, a stuffed zebra and a palm tree. Both subjects reappeared in
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Freud was appointed a
Companion of Honour in 1983, and a member of the Order of Merit in 1993.
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giving a talk in front of "Sleeping by the Lion Carpet" at the 2000 exhibition in Frankfurt.
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736:, a muse to many Soho artists. A series of huge nude portraits from the mid-1990s depicted
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Mark Brown, "Lucian Freud's final work to be shown in 2012 National Portrait Gallery show"
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Freud's early paintings, which are mostly very small, are often associated with German
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Freud was one of a number of figurative artists who were later characterised by artist
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334:. His family moved to England in 1933, when he was 10 years old, to escape the rise of
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Brown, Mark (10 July 2021). "Exhibition brings to light young Freud's love triangle".
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10x Malerei. Rubenspreis der Stadt Siegen in Werken der Sammlung Lambrecht-Schadeberg
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evening auction, making it one of the highlights of the 2011 auction autumn season.
330:. Freud got his first name "Lucian" from his mother in memory of the ancient writer
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338:. He became a British naturalized citizen in 1939. From 1942 to 1943 he attended
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844:. The conversations with the artist were made possible by Duncan MacGuigan from
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487:. In the early fifties he was a frequent visitor to Dublin where he would share
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2295:"'I Am No Longer Anyone's Model': Celia Paul on Why She Chose Art Over Love"
917:, a small portrait of Charlie Lumley, his neighbour, reached $ 4,998,088 at
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1574:, eds. M. Ascari and A. Corrado. Amsterdam and New York: Rodopi, pp. 39–69.
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Lucian Freud (Exhibition Catalogue of the Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna)
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Lucian Freud: After Cézanne, National Gallery of Australia, Canberra, 2001
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Charles Finch on Lucian Freud – MoMA: Museum of Modern Art, New York City
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2173:"Lucian Freud portrait of Camilla's ex-husband sells for nearly $ 35m"
1996:, Museum für Moderne Kunst, Frankfurt am Main, 29.09.2000-04.03.2001.
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Feaver, William (January 2015). "Freud, Lucian Michael (1922–2011)".
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599:(1946, Tate) and a series of large-eyed portraits of his first wife,
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1292:"London Exhibition Showcases the Best of Bryanston Art and Design"
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420:, for a year before being expelled owing to disruptive behaviour.
381:, an architect who was the fourth child of Austrian psychoanalyst
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Born in Berlin on 8 December 1922 (the city was then part of the
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2517:
Man with a Blue Scarf: On Sitting for a Portrait by Lucian Freud
2414:
Lucian Freud: Naked Portraits. Works from the 1940s to the 1990s
1407:"From late 1946 to early 1947, he and Freud painted on Poros" –
864:. In late 2007, a collection of etchings went on display at the
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from 1992 was also shown in Frankfurt, which was removed in the
789:, noteworthy because of its unusual shape, was purchased by the
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1807:
Lucian Freud: From "Ingres of Existentialism" to Impasto Master
1696:"Is Lucian Freud's Relationship with Mother Odd, or Is It Art?"
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texture and colour of flesh, and much thicker paint, including
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commissioned the young artist to illustrate a book of poems by
307:
2676:
Lucian Freud: L'Atelier (The Studio) / Centre Pompidou, Paris
2135:
Freud's Lounging Naked Civil Servant Sells for $ 56.2 Million
950:, beating the $ 30 million US presale estimate for the work.
2549:
The Artist Observed: 28 Interviews with Contemporary Artists
2257:
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1994:
Lucian Freud: Naked Portraits. Werke der 40er bis 90er Jahre
2336:. New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 155.
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on display at Freud's first solo exhibition in 1944 at the
408:. Lucian became a British subject in 1939, having attended
2055:"Curator's Voice: Starr Figura on Lucian Freud's Etchings"
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studio. He remained a Londoner for the rest of his life.
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in London, and from 1939 to 1942 with greater success at
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Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United Kingdom
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New York. This was followed by a large retrospective at
2110:"Lucian Freud (1922–2011), Benefits Supervisor Resting"
1837:"Turner Prize 1989 – Exhibition at Tate Britain – Tate"
2488:
Feaver, William. "Freud, Lucian Michael (1922–2011)".
958:
In the 1940s Freud and fellow artists Adrian Ryan and
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sold for $ 56.2 million. On 13 October 2011, his 1952
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Freud died in London on 20 July 2011 and is buried in
852:
in 2002. In 2001, Freud completed a portrait of Queen
3155:
Some Character-Types Met with in Psycho-Analytic Work
1572:
Sites of Exchange: European Crossroads and Faultlines
982:. They had two daughters, Annabel Freud and the poet
301:
3681:
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1684:, British Council, 2009. Retrieved 18 December 2010.
507:. Major figures in the group included Freud, Kitaj,
397:) and the younger brother of Stephan Gabriel Freud.
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Dangerous Muse: The Life of Lady Caroline Blackwood
1885:. Australia: National Gallery of Australia. p. 24.
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1858:"Turner Prize 1985 artists: Terry Atkinson – Tate"
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2213:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 29.
1902:Richard Calvocoressi, Lucian Freud: Early Works,
3711:Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour
725:and produced a large number of portraits of the
444:, relocated in 1940 to Benton End, a house near
357:His early career as a painter was influenced by
3661:British Merchant Navy personnel of World War II
2043:. 21 December 2001. Retrieved 26 February 2008.
1825:, 20 September 2011. Retrieved 29 January 2012.
3636:Alumni of the Central School of Art and Design
752:world record auction price for a living artist
2940:
2717:
1734:"Gayford, Martin. Lucian Freud: marathon man"
8:
3132:Leonardo da Vinci, A Memory of His Childhood
3042:Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego
2494:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2420:, Frankfurt am Main, 29.09.2000-04.03.2001.
2082:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
3010:Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious
607:(1947, Tate). These were painted with tiny
438:East Anglian School of Painting and Drawing
125:East Anglian School of Painting and Drawing
3726:Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
3631:Alumni of Goldsmiths, University of London
3148:The History of the Psychoanalytic Movement
3034:The History of the Psychoanalytic Movement
2947:
2933:
2925:
2724:
2710:
2702:
2654:Essay by Kelly Grovier on Lucian Freud in
2334:The Lives of Lucian Freud: Fame: 1968-2011
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1238:
1236:
970:, he went on to marry, in 1948, her niece
928:On 10 November 2015 Freud's 2004 painting
875:Grave of Lucian Freud at Highgate Cemetery
750:in New York for $ 33.6 million, setting a
53:
31:
3736:People educated at Dartington Hall School
3666:British people of Austrian-Jewish descent
3626:Academics of the Slade School of Fine Art
1016:are his daughters by Bernadine Coverley.
860:in Venice scheduled to coincide with the
471:. It was published the following year by
3691:German people of Austrian-Jewish descent
2904:Portrait of George Dyer and Lucian Freud
974:, the illegitimate daughter of sculptor
942:uniform, sold for $ 34.89 million US at
830:in 1988 was the focal point for the BBC
717:Freud painted fellow artists, including
404:, London, in 1933 to escape the rise of
27:British painter and engraver (1922-2011)
3671:British people of German-Jewish descent
3162:Thoughts for the Times on War and Death
3108:Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality
2491:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2456:The Lives of Lucian Freud, Vol.1: Youth
2396:Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art
2079:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1904:Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art
1245:"Portrait of the artist as a happy man"
1154:
1055:Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles
802:Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art
796:In 1996, the Abbot Hall Art Gallery in
3116:Delusion and Dream in Jensen's Gradiva
2465:The Lives of Lucian Freud, Vol.2: Fame
2358:
2037:"Freud royal portrait divides critics"
1397:. London: Bloomsbury. pp. 122–30.
2671:Lucian Freud – Centre Pompidou, Paris
1731:Gayford, Martin (22 September 2007).
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1718:
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1326:"Lucian Freud (P '40) "Painted Life""
581:(an influence he tended to deny) and
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3002:The Psychopathology of Everyday Life
2632:, Press release/exhibition booklet,
2620:50 artworks by or after Lucian Freud
2440:Lucian Freud: Paintings and Etchings
2238:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.
1745:from the original on 12 January 2022
1374:from the original on 12 January 2022
1177:from the original on 12 January 2022
966:love triangle. After an affair with
901:(1995), a portrait of civil servant
535:. Freud was a visiting tutor at the
346:. He served at sea with the British
3731:People educated at Bryanston School
1626:, 2006-11-01. Retrieved 2009-06-05.
1469:Kitaj's essay in the catalogue for
1243:Spurling, John (13 December 1998).
1212:Smith, Roberta (14 December 2007).
1049:Museum für Moderne Kunst, Frankfurt
887:officiated at the private funeral.
2318:David Kamp, "Freud, Interrupted",
2279:David Kamp, "Freud, Interrupted",
2053:Ayers, Robert (18 December 2007).
1786:"Freud work sets new world record"
562:. Portrait of Freud's first wife,
461:Meary James Thurairajah Tambimuttu
25:
3124:Creative Writers and Day-Dreaming
2630:Lucian Freud exhibition (English)
1336:. 8 February 2012. Archived from
1302:. 12 October 2008. Archived from
1110:National Portrait Gallery, London
3616:20th-century British printmakers
3074:Civilization and Its Discontents
2682:Smee, Sebastian (31 July 2011).
2367:
1449:"Art term: The School of London"
1395:The Lives of Lucian Freud, Vol.1
1280:. 13 October 1939. p. 6866.
993:In late 1952, Freud eloped with
746:, which in May 2008 was sold by
297:
231:
202:
2640:2002 exhibition at Tate Britain
1970:collections.britishart.yale.edu
1966:"Lucian Freud, naked portraits"
1694:Jones, Jerene (24 April 1978).
1296:Bryanston Art: Past and Present
816:Nude with leg up (Leigh Bowery)
227:
198:
3026:Introduction to Psychoanalysis
2390:Calvocoressi, Richard (1997).
2133:Katya Kazakina (14 May 2015),
1409:John Craxton Guardian Obituary
1202:. Tate. Retrieved October 2016
322:, the son of Jewish architect
1:
3706:Members of the Order of Merit
3621:21st-century British painters
3611:20th-century British painters
3178:Beyond the Pleasure Principle
2912:Three Studies of Lucian Freud
2634:Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien
2572:Lucian Freud, revised edition
2293:Parker, Dian (6 March 2024).
791:National Gallery of Australia
778:National Gallery of Australia
459:In 1943, the poet and editor
428:Freud briefly studied at the
3676:Burials at Highgate Cemetery
3646:British contemporary artists
3058:The Question of Lay Analysis
2987:The Interpretation of Dreams
2772:Benefits Supervisor Sleeping
2564:Lucian Freud: Eyes Wide Open
2508:UK public library membership
2234:Schoenberger, Nancy (2001).
2211:Lucian Freud: Eyes Wide Open
2096:UK public library membership
1425:Freud: Prophet of Discomfort
1361:"Obituary: Lucian Freud, OM"
1214:"Lucian Freud Stripped Bare"
898:Benefits Supervisor Sleeping
743:Benefits Supervisor Sleeping
710:Benefits Supervisor Sleeping
613:Early Netherlandish painting
165:Benefits Supervisor Sleeping
1952:Neue Nationalgalerie Berlin
911:Benefits Supervisor Resting
812:Sleeping by the Lion Carpet
3757:
3741:People from St John's Wood
2566:Seattle: Amazon Publishing
2322:, February 2012, page 147.
2283:, February 2012, page 148.
1130:Irish Museum of Modern Art
1082:Irish Museum of Modern Art
1042:Metropolitan Museum of Art
909:New York auction in 2015,
3475:Freud: The Secret Passion
3101:The Aetiology of Hysteria
3066:The Future of an Illusion
2605:, Exhibition booklet for
2603:National Portrait Gallery
2531:Gowing, Lawrence (1982).
2442:. Abbot Hall Art Gallery.
2392:Early Works: Lucian Freud
2366:
2262:"Face to face with Freud"
1585:"UBS Art Collection: A-Z"
1451:. tate.org. 10 April 2017
1061:Scottish National Gallery
1023:Selected solo exhibitions
541:University College London
52:
3550:Clement Freud (grandson)
3322:Psychosexual development
3192:Dostoevsky and Parricide
3170:Mourning and Melancholia
2515:Gayford, Martin (2010).
2472:Feaver, William (2002).
2463:Feaver, William (2022).
2454:Feaver, William (2018).
2438:Feaver, William (1996).
2418:Museum für Moderne Kunst
2332:Feaver, William (2021).
2024:"Omnibus – Lucian Freud"
1393:Feaver, William (2018).
1370:. London. 21 July 2011.
1173:. London. 21 July 2011.
1143:National Gallery, London
1123:Kunsthistorisches Museum
807:Museum für Moderne Kunst
690:Ria, Naked Portrait 2007
642:(1977–78). According to
593:National Museum of Wales
537:Slade School of Fine Art
400:The family emigrated to
3716:British modern painters
3560:Walter Freud (grandson)
3555:Lucian Freud (grandson)
2814:Lady Caroline Blackwood
2684:"Lucian Freud up close"
2570:Hughes, Robert (1997).
2500:10.1093/ref:odnb/103935
2153:Sotheby's Press Release
2088:10.1093/ref:odnb/103935
1788:. BBC News. 14 May 2008
1430:19 January 2012 at the
1103:Centre Georges Pompidou
1096:Gemeentemuseum Den Haag
999:Lady Caroline Blackwood
216:Lady Caroline Blackwood
3575:Edward Bernay (nephew)
3451:Views on homosexuality
3414:London home and museum
3409:Vienna home and museum
2607:Lucian Freud Portraits
2586:Sharp, Jasper (2013).
2574:. Thames & Hudson.
2535:. Thames & Hudson.
2519:. Thames & Hudson.
2209:Hoban, Phoebe (2014).
1616:11 August 2011 at the
1200:Lucian Freud 1922–2011
1036:
876:
780:
714:
574:
505:abstract expressionism
473:Editions Poetry London
3656:British male painters
3565:Amalia Freud (mother)
3540:Anna Freud (daughter)
3535:Martha Bernays (wife)
2649:Freud at Tate Britain
2562:Hoban, Phoebe (2014)
2467:. London: Bloomsbury.
2458:. London: Bloomsbury.
2198:. London. p. 25.
1964:Lauter, Rolf (2001).
1137:Royal Academy of Arts
1030:
1012:and fashion designer
874:
772:
707:
636:Girl With a White Dog
625:Girl with a White Dog
556:Girl with a White Dog
554:
430:Central School of Art
369:Early life and family
120:Central School of Art
3651:British illustrators
3570:Jacob Freud (father)
3545:Ernst L. Freud (son)
3515:Freud's Last Session
3285:Id, ego and superego
3262:Daniel Paul Schreber
3082:Moses and Monotheism
2764:Naked Child Laughing
2756:Head on a Green Sofa
2547:Gruen, John (1991).
2375:Standing by the Rags
2158:3 March 2016 at the
1877:Lampert, Catherine;
1680:29 June 2011 at the
1653:Standing by the Rags
1566:, 'Freudian Egypt',
1306:on 28 September 2011
1089:Museum of Modern Art
1075:Acquavella Galleries
936:Andrew Parker Bowles
866:Museum of Modern Art
846:Acquavella Galleries
454:University of London
326:and the grandson of
284:Lucian Michael Freud
230: 1952;
201: 1948;
69:Lucian Michael Freud
3641:Artists from Berlin
3491:Mahler on the Couch
2979:Studies on Hysteria
2551:. a cappella books.
2181:. 11 November 2015.
1739:The Daily Telegraph
1568:The London Magazine
1367:The Daily Telegraph
1340:on 13 November 2012
1170:The Daily Telegraph
997:heiress and writer
820:Metropolitan Museum
543:from 1949 to 1954.
503:and in contrast to
450:Goldsmiths' College
448:. He also attended
416:, Devon, and later
340:Goldsmiths' College
246:Various, including
130:Goldsmiths' College
3721:Modern printmakers
3499:A Dangerous Method
3366:Deferred obedience
3050:The Ego and the Id
2139:Bloomberg Business
1638:Two Plants 1977–80
1542:Naked Man With Rat
1506:Girl with a Kitten
1492:Man with a Thistle
1277:The London Gazette
1219:The New York Times
1164:"Lucian Freud, OM"
1037:
877:
781:
732:. He also painted
727:performance artist
715:
640:Naked Man With Rat
611:brushes and evoke
605:Girl with a Kitten
597:Man with a Thistle
575:
566:, the daughter of
477:The Painter's Room
332:Lucian of Samosata
3588:
3587:
3371:Reality principle
3254:Sergei Pankejeff
3242:Bertha Pappenheim
2922:
2921:
2826:Jane McAdam Freud
2748:Portrait of Kitty
2597:978-3-7913-5332-6
2526:978-0-500-23875-2
2506:(Subscription or
2386:
2385:
2343:978-0-525-65767-5
2245:978-0-307-82235-2
2220:978-0-544-11459-3
2094:(Subscription or
1809:BLOUINARTINFO.COM
1611:"Freud's Animals"
1591:on 26 August 2014
1436:Irish Arts Review
990:), died in 2011.
881:Highgate Cemetery
501:abstract painting
446:Hadleigh, Suffolk
281:
280:
157:Portrait of Kitty
16:(Redirected from
3748:
3510:(2020 TV series)
3376:Seduction theory
3312:Free association
3257:
3245:
3231:Irma's injection
3226:
3213:
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2949:
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2726:
2719:
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2689:The Boston Globe
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2267:The Sunday Times
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1665:NPG, IV & 25
1663:
1657:
1647:
1641:
1633:
1627:
1609:Gayford, Martin
1607:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1587:. Archived from
1581:
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1159:
934:, a portrait of
923:contemporary art
734:Henrietta Moraes
525:Robert Colquhoun
418:Bryanston School
352:Second World War
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3745:
3701:Jewish painters
3591:
3590:
3589:
3584:
3521:
3466:
3460:
3456:Religious views
3446:Neo-Freudianism
3380:
3354:Oedipus complex
3272:
3266:
3255:
3239:
3225:("Little Hans")
3224:
3211:
3198:
3088:
3018:Totem and Taboo
2989:
2958:
2953:
2923:
2918:
2915:(1969 painting)
2907:(1967 painting)
2879:
2794:
2735:
2730:
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2355:Further reading
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2057:. BLOUINARTINFO
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1529:NPG, "Etchings"
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1481:
1477:, London, 1976.
1475:Hayward Gallery
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1434:, Mic Moroney,
1432:Wayback Machine
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980:Kathleen Garman
956:
893:
828:Hayward Gallery
702:
683:Lawrence Gowing
671:Mare Eating Hay
659:Double Portrait
572:Kathleen Garman
549:
529:Robert MacBryde
517:Michael Andrews
489:Patrick Swift's
481:Lefevre Gallery
469:The Glass Tower
426:
410:Dartington Hall
389:(thus uncle of
375:Weimar Republic
371:
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238:
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234: 1959)
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3397:complete works
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3359:Father complex
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3280:Psychoanalysis
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2874:Martha Bernays
2871:
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2856:Ernst L. Freud
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2373:Lucian Freud,
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2270:. 22 May 2005.
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1471:The Human Clay
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657:(2005–06) and
638:(1951–52) and
548:
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513:Frank Auerbach
465:Nicholas Moore
452:, part of the
425:
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402:St John's Wood
379:Ernst L. Freud
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3258:
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3229:
3227:
3223:Herbert Graf
3221:
3219:
3218:Emma Eckstein
3216:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3194:
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3185:Medusa's Head
3183:
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3159:
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3145:
3142:
3141:
3140:On Narcissism
3137:
3134:
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3129:
3126:
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2965:
2961:
2957:
2956:Sigmund Freud
2950:
2945:
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2909:
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2898:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2876:(grandmother)
2875:
2872:
2870:(grandfather)
2869:
2868:Sigmund Freud
2866:
2863:
2862:Clement Freud
2860:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2836:
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2809:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2790:
2789:
2788:The Brigadier
2785:
2782:
2781:
2780:After Cézanne
2777:
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2598:
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2582:
2581:0-500-27535-1
2578:
2573:
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2565:
2561:
2559:
2558:1-55652-103-0
2555:
2550:
2545:
2543:
2542:0-500-09154-4
2539:
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2484:
2483:0-8109-6267-5
2480:
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2466:
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2457:
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2450:
2449:0-9503335-7-3
2446:
2441:
2436:
2434:
2433:9783775790437
2430:
2427:
2426:3-7757-9043-8
2423:
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2405:0-903598-66-3
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2157:
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2148:
2145:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2130:
2127:
2115:
2114:christies.com
2111:
2105:
2102:
2097:
2089:
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2081:
2080:
2072:
2069:
2056:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2030:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2002:9783775790437
1999:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1983:
1971:
1967:
1960:
1957:
1953:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1939:3-935874-03-0
1936:
1932:
1928:
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1916:
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1912:0-903598-66-3
1909:
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1787:
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1775:
1774:Etching, Tate
1769:
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1744:
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1573:
1569:
1565:
1564:Edward Chaney
1560:
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1120:
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1034:
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1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1004:
1000:
996:
991:
989:
985:
981:
977:
976:Jacob Epstein
973:
969:
965:
961:
954:Personal life
953:
951:
949:
948:New York City
945:
941:
937:
933:
932:
931:The Brigadier
926:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
899:
890:
888:
886:
883:. Archbishop
882:
873:
869:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
842:Jake Auerbach
839:
835:
834:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
808:
803:
799:
794:
792:
788:
787:
786:After Cézanne
783:His painting
779:
776:, 1999–2000,
775:
774:After Cézanne
771:
767:
765:
761:
755:
753:
749:
745:
744:
739:
735:
731:
728:
724:
723:Francis Bacon
720:
712:
711:
706:
699:
697:
693:
691:
686:
684:
678:
676:
672:
668:
667:Skewbald Mare
664:
660:
656:
655:Eli and David
652:
651:Guy and Speck
647:
645:
644:Edward Chaney
641:
637:
632:
630:
626:
622:
616:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
589:
588:Cedric Morris
584:
580:
579:Expressionism
573:
569:
568:Jacob Epstein
565:
561:
558:, 1951–1952,
557:
553:
546:
544:
542:
538:
534:
533:Reginald Gray
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
509:Francis Bacon
506:
502:
497:
492:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
434:Cedric Morris
431:
423:
421:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
398:
396:
395:Matthew Freud
392:
388:
387:Clement Freud
384:
383:Sigmund Freud
380:
376:
368:
366:
364:
360:
355:
353:
349:
348:Merchant Navy
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
328:Sigmund Freud
325:
321:
315:
293:
289:
285:
277:
274:
270:
267:
264:
260:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
217:
210:
209:
188:
181:
180:
178:
174:
167:
166:
162:
159:
158:
154:
151:
150:
149:Cedric Morris
146:
145:
143:
137:
131:
128:
126:
123:
121:
118:
117:
115:
111:
106:
96:
92:
88:
84:
67:
63:
59:Freud in 2005
56:
51:
46:
42:
33:
30:
19:
3686:Freud family
3554:
3513:
3505:
3497:
3489:
3481:
3473:
3441:Inner circle
3392:Bibliography
3317:Transference
3295:Preconscious
3203:Case studies
3190:
3176:
3168:
3160:
3146:
3138:
3130:
3122:
3114:
3106:
3080:
3072:
3064:
3056:
3048:
3040:
3032:
3024:
3016:
3008:
3000:
2991:
2986:
2977:
2969:
2910:
2902:
2891:Leigh Bowery
2844:Esther Freud
2808:Kitty Garman
2786:
2778:
2770:
2762:
2754:
2746:
2733:Lucian Freud
2732:
2687:
2656:The Observer
2655:
2642:including a
2622: at the
2606:
2587:
2571:
2563:
2548:
2533:Lucian Freud
2532:
2516:
2489:
2474:Lucian Freud
2473:
2464:
2455:
2439:
2413:
2410:Lauter, Rolf
2391:
2381:Smarthistory
2374:
2333:
2327:
2319:
2314:
2302:. Retrieved
2298:
2288:
2280:
2275:
2265:
2235:
2229:
2210:
2204:
2195:The Guardian
2193:
2187:
2178:The Guardian
2176:
2167:
2147:
2137:
2129:
2117:. Retrieved
2113:
2104:
2077:
2071:
2059:. Retrieved
2048:
2032:
2018:
2008:
1993:
1990:Lauter, Rolf
1985:
1973:. Retrieved
1969:
1959:
1945:
1930:
1927:Lucian Freud
1926:
1923:Lauter, Rolf
1918:
1898:
1882:
1879:Lauter, Rolf
1873:
1861:. Retrieved
1852:
1840:. Retrieved
1830:
1823:The Guardian
1822:
1814:
1802:
1790:. Retrieved
1780:
1768:
1759:
1747:. Retrieved
1738:
1703:. Retrieved
1699:
1689:
1670:
1661:
1652:
1645:
1637:
1631:
1621:
1605:
1593:. Retrieved
1589:the original
1579:
1571:
1567:
1559:
1547:. Retrieved
1541:
1534:
1525:
1505:
1499:
1491:
1473:exhibition,
1470:
1465:
1453:. Retrieved
1443:
1435:
1420:
1415:
1403:
1394:
1388:
1376:. Retrieved
1365:
1354:
1342:. Retrieved
1338:the original
1329:
1320:
1308:. Retrieved
1304:the original
1295:
1286:
1275:
1266:
1254:. Retrieved
1248:
1223:. Retrieved
1217:
1207:
1194:
1186:
1179:. Retrieved
1168:
1157:
1118:, Fort Worth
1068:Museo Correr
1018:
1010:Esther Freud
1007:
992:
988:Wynne Godley
972:Kitty Garman
968:Lorna Garman
957:
940:British Army
929:
927:
914:
910:
896:
894:
878:
858:Museo Correr
854:Elizabeth II
850:Tate Britain
837:
831:
815:
811:
795:
784:
782:
773:
764:Turner Prize
756:
741:
730:Leigh Bowery
716:
708:
700:Later career
694:
689:
687:
679:
670:
669:(2004), and
666:
663:Grey Gelding
662:
658:
654:
650:
648:
639:
635:
633:
624:
617:
604:
601:Kitty Garman
596:
586:
576:
564:Kitty Garman
560:Tate Gallery
555:
547:Mature style
521:Leon Kossoff
493:
485:John Craxton
476:
468:
458:
427:
424:Early career
399:
372:
356:
283:
282:
276:Freud family
163:
155:
147:
140:Notable work
99:(2011-07-20)
97:20 July 2011
36:Lucian Freud
29:
18:Lucien Freud
3606:2011 deaths
3601:1922 births
3518:(2023 film)
3502:(2011 film)
3494:(2010 film)
3486:(1993 play)
3483:The Visitor
3478:(1962 film)
3419:1971 statue
3256:("Wolfman")
3212:(Ida Bauer)
2990:(including
2838:Bella Freud
2820:Annie Freud
2668:(in French)
2320:Vanity Fair
2299:Artnet News
2281:Vanity Fair
1863:19 November
1842:19 November
1595:19 November
1378:20 February
1344:20 February
1272:"No. 34708"
1128:2016–2021:
1098:, The Hague
1063:, Edinburgh
1033:Rolf Lauter
1014:Bella Freud
984:Annie Freud
960:John Minton
824:Rolf Lauter
653:(1980–81),
496:R. B. Kitaj
350:during the
3595:Categories
3580:Jofi (dog)
3467:depictions
3332:Anal stage
3327:Oral stage
3305:censorship
2971:On Aphasia
2897:Sue Tilley
2852:(daughter)
2850:Susie Boyt
2846:(daughter)
2840:(daughter)
2832:Paul Freud
2828:(daughter)
2822:(daughter)
2816:(2nd wife)
2810:(1st wife)
2678:Video 2010
2644:room guide
2590:. Prestel.
2510:required.)
2119:9 February
2098:required.)
1975:4 February
1891:0642541477
1881:; (2001).
1741:. London.
1649:NPG, VII;
1549:9 February
1149:References
1116:The Modern
1091:, New York
1077:, New York
1044:, New York
1003:Celia Paul
964:homosexual
962:were in a
944:Christie's
915:Boy's Head
907:Christie's
903:Sue Tilley
891:Art market
748:Christie's
738:Sue Tilley
603:, such as
583:Surrealism
412:School in
359:surrealism
75:1922-12-08
3426:Interment
3300:Ego ideal
3249:"Rat Man"
3236:"Anna O."
3029:(1916–17)
2992:On Dreams
2864:(brother)
2759:(1960–61)
2751:(1948–49)
2740:Paintings
2377:, 1988–89
1772:NPG, 33;
1330:Bryanston
919:Sotheby's
840:director
766:in 1989.
760:Kate Moss
467:entitled
363:impastoed
272:Relatives
160:(1948–49)
113:Education
107:, England
3465:Cultural
3404:Archives
3273:concepts
3271:Original
3103:" (1896)
2858:(father)
2412:(2000),
2156:Archived
2061:23 April
2041:BBC News
1954:in 1988.
1925: :
1906:, 1997.
1743:Archived
1678:Archived
1655:, 1988-9
1614:Archived
1428:Archived
1423:1951" –
1372:Archived
1175:Archived
1132:, Dublin
1084:, Dublin
1070:, Venice
1031:Curator
995:Guinness
895:In 2008
862:Biennale
665:(2003),
243:Children
3385:Related
3210:"Dora"
2899:(model)
2893:(model)
2884:Related
2601:"NPG",
2476:. Tate.
2304:9 March
2013:Berlin.
1992:(ed.):
1749:22 July
1705:22 July
1520:NPG, II
1455:16 July
1310:25 July
1256:19 June
1225:22 July
1181:8 March
1105:, Paris
938:in his
921:London
838:Omnibus
833:Omnibus
629:etching
621:impasto
591:(1940,
236:
224:
220:
207:
195:
191:
176:Spouses
87:Germany
3527:Family
3290:Libido
3238:
3195:(1928)
3187:(1922)
3181:(1920)
3173:(1918)
3165:(1916)
3157:(1915)
3151:(1914)
3143:(1914)
3135:(1910)
3127:(1908)
3119:(1907)
3111:(1905)
3093:Essays
3085:(1939)
3077:(1930)
3069:(1927)
3061:(1926)
3053:(1923)
3045:(1921)
3037:(1917)
3021:(1913)
3013:(1905)
3005:(1901)
2997:(1899)
2982:(1895)
2974:(1891)
2800:Family
2791:(2004)
2783:(2000)
2775:(1995)
2767:(1963)
2624:Art UK
2609:, 2012
2595:
2579:
2556:
2540:
2524:
2504:
2481:
2447:
2431:
2424:
2403:
2340:
2242:
2217:
2092:
2000:
1937:
1929:, in:
1910:
1889:
1835:Tate.
1792:14 May
1763:NPG, V
1700:People
1651:Tate,
1636:Tate,
1623:Apollo
1504:Tate,
1490:Tate,
1438:, 2007
1141:2022:
1135:2019:
1125:, Wien
1121:2013:
1114:2012:
1108:2012:
1101:2010:
1094:2008:
1087:2008:
1080:2007:
1073:2006:
1066:2005:
1059:2004:
1053:2003:
1047:2000:
1040:1994:
798:Kendal
531:, and
442:Dedham
414:Totnes
406:Nazism
344:London
336:Nazism
320:Berlin
262:Father
254:, and
252:Esther
168:(1995)
152:(1940)
105:London
83:Berlin
3507:Freud
3436:Humor
2963:Books
2834:(son)
675:linen
609:sable
290:
256:Bella
248:Annie
226:(
222:
197:(
193:
43:
2658:2006
2626:site
2593:ISBN
2577:ISBN
2554:ISBN
2538:ISBN
2522:ISBN
2479:ISBN
2445:ISBN
2429:ISBN
2422:ISBN
2401:ISBN
2338:ISBN
2306:2024
2240:ISBN
2215:ISBN
2121:2019
2063:2008
1998:ISBN
1977:2020
1935:ISBN
1908:ISBN
1887:ISBN
1865:2016
1844:2016
1794:2008
1751:2011
1707:2011
1597:2016
1551:2019
1457:2019
1380:2012
1346:2012
1312:2011
1258:2010
1227:2011
1183:2020
721:and
570:and
393:and
391:Emma
232:div.
203:div.
94:Died
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