842:, another Russian historian, asserts that Lore falsely claimed the high ranking functionary Salmon as his source so as to throw his Soviet handlers off the trail to the fact that he was himself rewriting information obtained from "lower level clerks at the Communications and Records Division." After enhancing the mundane information which he received with his own interpretive content, Lore then pocketed the handsome monthly stipend which was purportedly destined for the top-ranking official Salmon, Chervonnaya charges. Chervonnaya indicates that in February 1937 Lore's deception was discovered by Soviet intelligence when they rented an apartment across the street from Lore and began round-the-clock surveillance. Chervonnaya cites the published work of Julius Kobyakov as the basis for her challenge:
848:
the materials, repeated his usual lies about a trip to
Washington and meetings with sources ... With the results of physical surveillance, the Centre arrived at a preliminary conclusion, that was an exceptionally talented compiler. The use of information from open sources, fishing in them for any new data, as well as their analysis and evaluation, often produce outstanding results; many intelligence services do not neglect this method of information-gathering. But such work is considered auxiliary to the main task — obtaining information from agent sources ... The situation was aggravated in late spring 1937, when the Soviet 'illegals' managed to ascertain that the "Willie" and "Daniel" whom Lore had presented to his Soviet handlers, were "dummies."
826:
a con-man (he created fictitious sources and fabricated their reports) the KGB continued to use him for several years. In fact, after LEO's perfidy was confirmed, the Center for some time toyed with the idea of kidnapping him, either in Great
Britain or in Spain, and shipping him off to Russia for interrogation, but that idea was abandoned and LEO terminated. And the authors obviously failed to recognize colorful and resourceful LEO as Ludwig Lore, former editor of the Volkszeitung and a columnist for the New York Evening Post. His path curiously crossed with that of Chambers, who mentioned him several dozen times|"Witness" pp. 201, 217, 352, 387-392, 412-413, 492. (Note: The "authors" refer to
731:-the unforgettable Lores," a German friend had called them ... I have seldom seen a happy family life so explicit in the characters of all who shared it... I soon came to regard the Lores' house as a kind of second home. For Ludwig I developed an almost filial feeling as of a younger for an older revolutionist. The kindness of all the Lores to me was personal, and in spite of politics, for all the other members of the family, except Ludwig, were outspoken in their detestation of the Communist Party.
2322:
31:
241:
366:
742:
get into an automobile alone with me. Then I knew that there was something seriously amiss. But I had been out of the
Communist Party six or seven years, and Lore was dead, before I discovered that the old Bolshevik, in whom, as a younger man, I respected the older revolutionist, had denounced me (around 1941) to the F.B.I. I learned it not from the
337:
speedy end to the
European conflagration. As an anti-war emigrant from the German empire, Ludwig Lore played a prominent role at this gathering, delivering a speech to the gathering at the first day's session in which he expounded upon the peace efforts being made in Germany by the Social Democratic Party to bring about immediate peace.
318:, speaking at an anti-war meeting in New York City in August 1914 that was attended by 4,000 people. Lore shared the platform a host of other prominent socialist leaders, who condemned the war in English, Russian, French, German, Polish, Italian, Hungarian, Yiddish, and Latvian for their international immigrant audience.
847:
Throughout the whole period of surveillance, he left his home only once, for four hours. For three nights running, study was bustling with work, with the participation of all the family members; in particular, wife and son were taking turns at the typewriter typing something. When providing us with
796:
the
Trotskyists were believed by Soviet authorities to be engaged in an international terrorist conspiracy aimed at the overthrow of the Stalin regime and Lore's purported connection cast doubt upon his loyalty and reliability. In addition, Lore was believed by his Soviet handlers to have been guilty
487:
Lore attempted what has described as a "balancing a feeling for a theoretical
Marxist line with a more sensitive reading of American political culture," in which he "tried, and ultimately failed, to develop a communism that would meet the demands of the aging generation of radical German-Americans in
467:
Lore was an independent thinker who was reluctant to take political orders, a personal characteristic which made him unsuited for the increasingly centralized
Communist movement of the late 1920s. In addition, his well-known personal fondness for Leon Trotsky, established during Trotsky's time living
825:
I can refer to the case of LEO and his sub-sources: WILLIE, DANIEL and others (HW p. 34-35). The authors dutifully copied and translated odd reports from the case-file but when it came to analysis and conclusions they were not up to the task. They claim that even after it became clear that LEO was
741:
I did not know that at the very time I was visiting him most frequently, Lore was under surveillance. He was being watched, not by the
American authorities, but by the Russian secret police... I discovered that he was afraid to walk alone with me on the street at night and that he was terrified to
557:
Today ... with censorship clamped down on news sources in so many parts of the world ... it becomes increasingly difficult to determine the complete significance of the reports we read. What has been deleted? How much has been concealed? How much propaganda has been added? Let the keen analytical
336:
Following
American entry into the war, Lore remained steadfast in his opposition. On May 30 and 31, 1917, the Socialist Party organized an event in New York City touted as the First American Conference for Peace and Democracy, aimed at joining various anti-war groups into a common effort to bring a
458:
and (2) wrong analysis of the economic and political forces operating within the framework of present-day
America. He went on to denounce him for "Loreism." (or "incurable Loreism" as Chambers put it). C. E. Reuthenberg continued to denounce Loreism in 1925. (Cannon would continue to castigate
479:
indiscipline, Lore was brought up on charges before the executive of the Workers (Communist) Party's German Language Federation. When the executive refused to expel Lore, changes were made in the composition of the body to make Lore's expulsion inevitable. Lore was expelled from the organization
425:
veteran, the struggle for political, electoral socialism in the United States had taken decades of self-sacrifice and many reversals. Readers of the paper had never been happy with the 'underground' mentality of the early Communist movement, because they viewed hyperrevolutionary rhetoric as the
409:
was brought into the communist orbit, albeit neither fully nor wholeheartedly. The paper professed what was essentially a Communist interpretation of international events and advocated a general Communist policy at home, yet was only partially and unwillingly dragged into the mire of the bitter
797:
of financial improprieties, taking the form of double-dipping for multiple monthly expense stipends. In fact, the real reason for the Soviet's termination of relationship was their discovery that Lore had cheated them about the identity of his sources at the Department of State.
778:
communication and archives division, a stipend of $ 500 per month in exchange for classified diplomatic communications — information then passed along to the Soviets. While it is not clear whether Salmon was aware he was providing information to a foreign government or merely
287:
becoming Associate Editor of the publication within a few years and editor-in-chief during World War I. Under Lore the paper had more the feel of a tabloid magazine than a typical straight newspaper, an orientation which is said by American historian
787:
journalist, or even whether Salmon was "Willi" at all, the fact remains that for several years Soviet intelligence had unparalleled access to the secret communications of prominent diplomatic and military decision-makers through Lore's connection.
726:
I was introduced to Lillian Lore, Ludwig's remarkable wife, who in large part provided those meals, and, by some economic miracle, had kept that amazing household together during the long, lean years, had fed the endless procession of guests.
329:. Lore was elected as a delegate to this gathering and was chosen as a member of the convention's Platform Committee — although he did not take part in the writing of the party's controversial anti-war statement, remembered as the
774:(code-named "Willi"), one of Soviet intelligence's most important information assets in the US government. Citing Soviet archival evidence, the historians charge that from 1934 until early 1937 Lore paid Salmon, chief of the
558:
powers of Ludwig Lore help you decipher the flashes from abroad. In his daily column, "Behind the Cables," he digs deep into the roots of the news and unearths the underlying meanings of the stories that reach our shores.
1213:
1563:
791:
According to Haynes and Klehr, Lore's contact with Soviet intelligence seems to have been ended in 1937 owing to a belief in Moscow that Lore retained ties to the Trotskyist movement. In the superheated atmosphere of the
812:
and previously a "deputy director of the KGB's American Division in the late 1980s", adds some detail to Chambers' account, in that "Leo" began his work for Soviet intelligence in 1933, recruited by Soviet intelligence
672:
In fact, according to Lore's case file, on July 2, 1937, Moscow Centre instructed its New York "illegals" to break off the relationship with Lore and "to take measures to avoid any hostile actions" on his part.
526:
continued to defend the policies of the Soviet Union, however, and sought to support CP-sponsored initiatives in which radicals of various stripes could work together for common objectives, such as the
669:
According to historians Haynes and Klehr, the exact date of Lore's termination by Soviet intelligence is not known and no record of him is said to be found in secret police archives after April 1937.
2391:
1655:(Essays on the History of Russian Foreign Intelligence, vol. 3, 1933-1941). Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia, 2003; pp. 191-199. Svetlana Chervonnaya, translator. Available online at
716:, in his New York days, had eaten and slept in the apartment on 55th Street in Brooklyn, where Lore, his outspokenly anti-Communist wife and three wholly American sons still lived.
1738:
591:). For the Post, he wrote a daily foreign affairs column called "Behind the Cables," in which he often emphasized the threat to world peace implicit in the rise to power of
666:
During his freelance interval (1931-1934), Lore was recruited to work for the foreign intelligence network of the Soviet Union, working under the code-names "Leo" and "10."
2421:
2376:
2396:
2416:
1803:
2381:
2436:
2426:
1010:
1347:. New York: Random House. pp. 201 (Loreism), 206 (factions), 317, 389–390 (later meeting), 390–391 (wife and children), 392 (surveillance), 412.
2431:
809:
700:
Lore was an old Bolshevik. He had been a Socialist before the Russian Revolution. In those pre-revolutionary days, he had been the friend of
307:. He appeared in elections in 1914 for the Socialist Party as "Delegate-at-Large to Constitutional Convention." He was also involved in the
2335:
2198:
1831:
1659:
2411:
2406:
311:
movement as a director of the American Wholesale Cooperative Company, formed in Brooklyn in 1910 upon a capital investment of $ 20,000.
229:
2386:
1721:
1461:
180:. Later still, he was charged with having secretly worked recruiting potential agents and gathering information on behalf of the
495:
had lost some of its radical edge, taking the form of a more vaguely "socialistic" labor and cultural publication, complete with
395:
269:
499:
photos and non-political fare such as radio listings and classic literature. Lore sought to occupy political space in between
2087:
873:: ""The translation in this volume, the unexpurgated version in English, has been made from the two-volume first edition of
933:: "Nazi Politics in America: Are Nazi Agents Spreading Propaganda Here? If So, Who and Where are They?" (November 29, 1933)
1451:
378:
322:
112:
164:
magazine editor, newspaper writer, lecturer, and politician, best remembered for his tenure as editor of the socialist
1848:
1298:
532:
528:
2035:
2009:
1678:
pg. 198. Note that the veracity of the identification of "Willi" as Salmon has been challenged by Russian historian
2401:
607:
296:
2061:
1133:: The Twilight of the German-American Socialist Press". In Elliott Shore; Ken Fones-Wolf; James P. Danky (eds.).
736:
Chambers also describes a defector's fear of retribution from the Soviet Underground, which Lore and he shared:
1405:
430:
in 1922, and the beginnings of a political campaign structure (minimal though it was), encouraged them greatly.
2295:
2269:
1983:
1957:
1931:
775:
612:
504:
436:
427:
250:
629:
616:
in 1932). One of his first appearances was on August 8, 1939, on a symposium about the "Danzig Dispute" with
1253:
704:, then a New York Socialist journalist. After the Revolution, Lore had managed an American speaking trip for
455:
166:
131:
106:
1045:. Hermitage House. pp. 21 (Ludwig Lore), 24 (Lore), 27–29 (Lore), 31–3 (Lore), 41–3 (Lore), 109 (Lore)
1884:
Mein Kampf, by Adolf Hitler: The first complete and unexpurgated edition published in the English language
1067:
Firebrand: Journalist Ludwig Lore's Lifelong Struggle Against Capitalism, Stalinism and the Rise of Nazism
617:
454:
led the charges against Lore, which he summarized as (1) misconception of the strategy and tactics of the
232:(SPD) of that country, holding office in the party and standing as an SPD candidate for political office.
174:
movement. During the middle 1930s, he wrote the daily foreign affairs column "Behind the Cables" for the
330:
2241:
2175:
748:
I respected Lore all the more for that act. My feeling for him and for all the Lores remained unchanged.
300:
2347:
The CEC, the Minority and Comrade Lore: How the Minority "Fought" Lore When They Controlled the Party,"
2104:
Lore, Ludwig (1 November 1933). "The Book of Adolf Hitler: A Diluted Version". The Nation. p. 515.
599:
in Germany. The Post used to run prominent ads for the column (see box that quotes ad in this entry).
321:
With American entry into war in the wind in the spring of 1917, the Socialist Party rushed to hold an
2371:
2366:
2351:
James P. Cannon and the Early Years of American Communism: Selected Writings and Speeches, 1920-1928.
1679:
839:
805:
621:
543:
2346:
1785:
Ocherki Istorii Rossiiskoi Vneshnei Razvedki (Essays on the History of Russian Foreign Intelligence)
1382:
2138:
Nazi Politics in America: Are Nazi Agents Spreading Propaganda Here? If So, Who and Where are They?
1428:
1359:
1092:
Buhle, Paul (1990). "Ludwig Lore (1875-1942)". In Mari Jo Buhle; Paul Buhle; Dan Georgakas (eds.).
831:
767:
705:
650:
In 1909, Lore married Lily Schneppe (Chambers called her "Lillian"); together they had three boys.
399:
326:
303:
to address a German-language street meeting in support of the November 1908 Presidential effort of
205:
1761:
2218:
1036:
686:
447:
2332:
1828:
1656:
398:, an organization which, following a decade of splits and mergers, ultimately evolved into the
30:
2109:
1891:
1457:
411:
213:
79:
2326:
2210:
1909:
759:
713:
500:
1856:. New York: Rand School of Social Science. 31 December 1918. pp. 12–15. Archived from
244:
Caricature of Ludwig Lore drawn at the founding convention of the Communist Labor Party by
2339:
2254:
2122:
1835:
1725:
1663:
827:
817:
771:
451:
384:
1718:
1065:
209:
1152:
350:
November 7, 1917: New York Assembly - Kings County, District 20: lost with 18.69% vote
240:
638:
in January 1942, when he "took over a special government assignment," according to the
353:
November 4, 1924: New York Assembly - Kings County, District 14: lost with 0.79% vote
347:
November 7, 1916: New York Assembly - Kings County, District 09: lost with 6.24% vote
344:
November 2, 1915: New York Assembly - Kings County, District 07: lost with 2.62% vote
304:
224:. He remained in that industry until emigrating to the United States in 1903. While in
217:
1762:"Is Allen Weinstein too Secretive to Become the Chief Archivist of the United States?"
653:
Ludwig Lore died on July 8, 1942, at his home on Ocean Parkway in Brooklyn, New York.
365:
2360:
579:
508:
440:
276:
197:
176:
118:
763:
701:
592:
588:
519:
515:
496:
388:
181:
1040:
1341:
1284:"Forces of Peace and Democracy Unite in Inspiring Conference at New York City,"
793:
315:
308:
1887:
869:
596:
476:
289:
268:
where he worked at various jobs. While in Colorado, Lore joined the fledgling
1520:
Editorial note in Elliott Shore, Ken Fones-Wolf, and James P. Danky (eds.),
893:
Trotsky, Lenine, Kautsky on the Russian Revolution! (November–December 1917)
280:
245:
171:
161:
2236:
Lore, Ludwig (24 July 1937). "Will Europe Go to War?". The Nation: 127–129.
1857:
1522:
The German-American Radical Press: The Shaping of a Left Political Culture,
1135:
The German-American Radical Press: The Shaping of a Left Political Culture
1254:"Socialists War at Peace Meeting: 4,000 Hear Speeches in Many Languages,"
691:
514:
As the 1920s came to a close and the Communist Party moved into an ultra-
446:
In 1924, Lore became an early victim of Party factionalism (discussed by
265:
221:
2222:
2152:
295:
Lore did periodically participate in various electoral campaigns of the
877:, the first volume of which was published in 1925, the second in 1927."
225:
220:. Upon completion of his education in 1892, Lore went to work in the
2214:
921:: "My Position Toward the Farmer-Labor Movement" (December 29, 1924)
193:
1653:
Ocherki istorii rossiiskoi vneshnei razvedki: Tom 3, 1933-1941 gody.
264:
Lore emigrated to America in 1903 and first settled in the state of
927:: "The Book of Adolf Hitler: A Diluted Version" (November 1, 1933)
522:," Lore found himself disaffected from his old party comrades. His
376:
In 1917, Lore founded the bi-monthly Marxist theoretical magazine,
1042:
Crime Without Punishment: The Secret Soviet Terror Against America
364:
239:
201:
55:
1895:
780:
603:
459:
Lore into the 1930s.) In August 1925, the party expelled Lore.
426:
worst possible response to repression. The formation of a legal
1783:
Kobiakov, I. N. (2003). "Bumazhnaia fabrika (The Paper Mill)".
1456:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 154–155 (Loreism), 157 (expulsion).
743:
439:, running for Lieutenant Governor of New York in 1922 and for
160:(June 26, 1875 – July 8, 1942) was an American
1657:
http://www.documentstalk.com/wp/ludwig-lore-a-background-file
1651:
I.N. Kobiakov, "Bumazhnaia fabrika," (The Paper Mill) by in
369:
Cover of the May 1919 issue of Lore's theoretical magazine,
1385:. James P. Cannon and the Early Years of American Communism
896:"Our National Executive Committee" (January–February 1918)
770:, have credited Lore with the recruitment and handling of
1549:
John Earl Haynes, Harvey Klehr, and Alexander Vassiliev,
951:: "Two Internationals Find a Common Foe" (January 1936)
864:"In the Throes of the German Revolution" (December 1918)
192:
Ludwig Lore was born to working class parents of ethnic
1453:
The Communist International and US Communism, 1919-1929
746:, but from another security agency of the Government.
503:
and communism, a position roughly akin to that of the
2392:
Emigrants from the German Empire to the United States
1932:"Trotsky, Lenine, Kautsky on the Russian Revolution!"
170:
and role as a factional leader in the early American
1553:
New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2009; pg. 155.
1137:. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. p. 171.
1114:
DeLeon, Solon; Irma C. Hayssen; Grace Poole (1925).
2209:(January 1936). Foreign Affairs Magazine: 227–242.
538:In 1931, Lore gave up the editorship of the ailing
340:Records indicate the following election efforts:
212:), also in Lower Silesia) and later graduated from
147:
139:
125:
101:
93:
85:
75:
63:
40:
21:
1340:
957:: "Will Europe Go to War?" (July 24 and 31, 1937)
628:program titled "Battle Front and Home Front" with
472:made Lore an easy target for factional opponents.
279:where he joined the staff of the German-language
1360:"Reply to the Thesis of Comrades Lore and Olgin"
721:He describes the Lore family with some detail:
689:came to know Lore because they both reported to
624:. His last appearance was on June 3, 1942, on a
602:During World War II, Lore appeared regularly on
577:In 1934, Lore joined the editorial staff of the
1551:Spies: The Rise and Fall of the KGB in America.
587:, a newspaper whose contributors have included
549:
292:to have "suited his personality and approach."
2353:New York: Spartacist Publishing Company, 1992.
2088:"My Position Toward the Farmer-Labor Movement"
2342:DocumentsTalk.com. Retrieved August 11, 2010.
1838:DocumentsTalk.com. Retrieved August 11, 2010.
1823:
1821:
1739:"Lowenthal and Alger Hiss [Kobyakov]"
1728:DocumentsTalk.com. Retrieved August 11, 2010.
1214:"Candidates Nominated by the Socialist Party"
216:, where he studied under political economist
8:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1249:
1247:
1118:. New York: Hanford Press. pp. 140–141.
1096:. New York: Garland Publishing. p. 434.
2270:"Letter to Eugene V. Debs in New York City"
1629:
1627:
1545:
1543:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1310:
1308:
908:"The Communist Labor Party" (November 1919)
204:, Poland) on June 26, 1875. Lore attended
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1219:. Hudson Evening Register. 28 October 1914
1087:
1085:
1005:
1003:
712:, later the Soviet ambassador to Sweden.
29:
18:
2422:Members of the Socialist Party of America
2296:"Letter to Eugene V. Debs in Terre Haute"
2140:. New York: The Nation. pp. 615–617.
1129:Buhle, Paul (1992). "Ludwig Lore and the
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
905:"The National Convention" (November 1919)
314:Lore was an early and active opponent of
2397:American people of German-Jewish descent
1383:"The CEC, the Minority and Comrade Lore"
1288:, whole no. 1124 (June 16, 1917), pg. 2.
1280:
1278:
695:Markin: He described him as follows:
2417:Industrial Workers of the World members
1146:
1144:
979:
468:in New York, during which he wrote for
443:in the New York 14th District in 1924.
414:Communist Party politics of the 1920s.
2250:
2239:
2199:"Two Internationals Find a Common Foe"
2118:
2107:
2041:. The Class Struggle. pp. 346–348
1272:whole no. 328 (April 26, 1917), pg. 4.
435:Lore was two times a candidate of the
16:American editor and writer (1875–1942)
1760:Sandilands, Roger (10 October 2003).
1603:"Radio Today Tuesday, June 3, 1942".
1173:Buhle, "Ludwig Lore (1875-1942)," in
783:information for a fee to a prominent
196:extraction in Friedeberg am Queis in
7:
2382:Writers from the Province of Silesia
1408:. International Press Correspondence
945:: "A Nazi Confesses" (January 1935)
383:which he edited in conjunction with
135:, columinist for "Behind the Cables"
2437:American spies for the Soviet Union
1937:. The Class Struggle. November 1917
1886:. Ludwig Lore (preface). New York:
1404:Reuthenberg, C. E. (3 April 1925).
1011:"Ludwig Lore, 67; Anti-Nazi Writer"
890:(archives 1917–1919, volumes I–III)
2427:Members of the Communist Party USA
1958:"Our National Executive Committee"
1802:Kobyakov, Julius (22 March 2004).
1429:"The Downfall of the Volkszeitung"
1427:Cannon, James (26 December 1931).
1381:Cannon, James (11 December 1924).
1175:Encyclopedia of the American Left,
939:: "How Germany Arms" (April 1934)
394:Lore was a founding member of the
14:
2333:"Ludwig Lore: A Background File,"
2136:Lore, Ludwig (29 November 1933).
2086:Lore, Ludwig (29 December 1924).
1982:Lore, Ludwig (November 7, 1918).
1829:"Ludwig Lore: A Background File,"
1186:Paul Buhle, "Ludwig Lore and the
1094:Encyclopedia of the American Left
970:To Eugene V. Debs (March 5, 1919)
967:To Eugene V. Debs (March 9, 1917)
899:"Leon Trotsky" (November 7, 1918)
808:, a Russian major general in the
2377:People from Lwówek Śląski County
681:As recounted in his 1952 memoir
396:Communist Labor Party of America
1358:Cannon, James (11 April 1924).
1064:Lore, David (1 February 2017).
882:Magazines and articles therein:
270:Industrial Workers of the World
89:writer, editor, politician, spy
2432:Espionage in the United States
2294:Lore, Ludwig (March 5, 1919).
2268:Lore, Ludwig (March 9, 1917).
2093:. The Daily Worker. p. 5.
2060:Lore, Ludwig (November 1919).
2034:Lore, Ludwig (November 1919).
1804:"ALES/Hiss [Kobyakov]"
1741:. H-Net H-DIPLO. 12 April 2004
1704:Haynes, Klehr, and Vassiliev,
1691:Haynes, Klehr, and Vassiliev,
1674:Haynes, Klehr, and Vassiliev,
1633:Haynes, Klehr, and Vassiliev,
1617:Haynes, Klehr, and Vassiliev,
902:"Left Or Right?" (August 1919)
184:foreign intelligence network.
1:
2323:Works by or about Ludwig Lore
2197:Lore, Ludwig (January 1936).
2174:Lore, Ludwig (January 1935).
1956:Lore, Ludwig (January 1918).
1719:"David Aden Salmon (1879-?),"
1569:. New York Post. 4 April 1936
554:gets at the root of the news!
491:By the end of the 1920s, the
405:During this interval, Lore's
323:Emergency National Convention
2008:Lore, Ludwig (August 1919).
1764:. History News Network (HNN)
1592:. 8 August 1939. p. 39.
1564:"Ad for "Behind the Cables""
1533:Buhle, "Ludwig Lore and the
1507:Buhle, "Ludwig Lore and the
1489:Buhle, "Ludwig Lore and the
1476:Buhle, "Ludwig Lore and the
1339:Chambers, Whittaker (1952).
1314:Buhle, "Ludwig Lore and the
1116:The American Labor Who's Who
357:(Source: OurCampaigns.com)
2151:Lore, Ludwig (April 1934).
2062:"The Communist Labor Party"
2036:"The Communist Labor Party"
1155:. Moscow: DocumentsTalk.com
533:International Labor Defense
529:International Workers Order
2453:
2412:American newspaper editors
2407:Writers from New York City
1607:. 2 June 1942. p. 39.
1017:. 9 July 1942. p. L29
776:U.S. Department of State's
766:, with former KGB officer
608:Socialist Party of America
606:radio (established by the
297:Socialist Party of America
1850:Dance of the Ten Thousand
1450:Zumoff, Jacob A. (2014).
1203:October 31, 1908, pg. 16.
1153:"Ludwig Lore (1875-1942)"
54:Friedeberg am Queis (now
28:
2387:19th-century German Jews
1535:New Yorker Volkszeitung,
1509:New Yorker Volkszeitung,
1491:New Yorker Volkszeitung,
1478:New Yorker Volkszeitung,
1406:"Trotskyism and Loreism"
1316:New Yorker Volkszeitung,
1268:"Emergency Convention,"
1188:New Yorker Volkszeitung,
859:Books and contributions:
729:Die unvergessliche Lores
630:Christopher T. Emmet Jr.
613:The Jewish Daily Forward
505:Independent Labour Party
437:Workers Party of America
285:New Yorker Volkszeitung,
2178:. The New International
1259:August 9, 1914, pg. 10.
1151:Chervonnaya, Svetlana.
1131:New Yorker Volkszeitung
820:. In 2004, he wrote:
754:"Conservative" accounts
646:Personal life and death
610:in 1927, taken over by
475:In 1925, fearing proto-
456:Communist International
407:New Yorker Volkszeitung
299:, such as traveling to
230:Social Democratic Party
167:New Yorker Volkszeitung
132:New Yorker Volkszeitung
107:New Yorker Volkszeitung
2331:Svetlana Chervonnaya,
2249:Cite journal requires
1882:Hitler, Adolf (1939).
1827:Svetlana Chervonnaya,
1717:Svetlana Chervonnaya,
1588:"Today on the Radio".
1241:Jan. 15, 1910, pg. 21.
1237:"Brooklyn Investors,"
851:
837:
751:
734:
719:
574:
488:the 1920s and 1930s."
480:later that same year.
433:
417:One historian notes:
373:
256:
1270:The Northwest Worker,
1239:Brooklyn Daily Eagle,
943:The New International
844:
822:
738:
723:
697:
662:Espionage allegations
585:New York Evening Post
463:Post-Communist period
419:
368:
301:Altoona, Pennsylvania
243:
208:in "Hirschberg, (now
119:New York Evening Post
35:Ludwig Lore circa WWI
2067:. The Class Struggle
2015:. The Class Struggle
1963:. The Class Struggle
1910:"The Class Struggle"
1680:Svetlana Chervonnaya
840:Svetlana Chervonnaya
758:American historians
618:Michael Kwapiszewski
544:freelance journalist
518:phase known as the "
275:Lore later moved to
2155:. Harper's Magazine
1301:. OurCampaigns.com.
1199:"Local Brevities,"
1037:Reinhardt, Guenther
832:Alexander Vassiliev
768:Alexander Vassiliev
706:Alexandra Kollontai
470:The Class Struggle,
400:Communist Party USA
371:The Class Struggle.
331:St. Louis Manifesto
129:editor-in-chief of
2338:2011-07-10 at the
2176:"A Nazi Confesses"
2153:"How Germany Arms"
1834:2011-07-10 at the
1724:2011-07-10 at the
1662:2011-07-10 at the
888:The Class Struggle
801:"Liberal" accounts
687:Whittaker Chambers
450:in his memoirs).
448:Whittaker Chambers
379:The Class Struggle
374:
257:
228:, Lore joined the
151:Karl, Kurt, Eugene
113:The Class Struggle
2402:Jewish socialists
2345:James P. Cannon,
2117:Missing or empty
1791:(1933–1941): 191.
1257:New York Tribune,
849:
835:
749:
732:
717:
677:Chambers accounts
561:Behind the Cables
483:As editor of the
431:
214:Berlin University
155:
154:
94:Years active
80:Berlin University
2444:
2327:Internet Archive
2311:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2300:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2274:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2252:
2247:
2245:
2237:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2215:10.2307/20030721
2194:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2120:
2115:
2113:
2105:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2066:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2040:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2014:
2010:"Left Or Right?"
2005:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1988:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1962:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1936:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1862:
1855:
1845:
1839:
1825:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1735:
1729:
1715:
1709:
1702:
1696:
1689:
1683:
1672:
1666:
1649:
1638:
1631:
1622:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1568:
1560:
1554:
1547:
1538:
1531:
1525:
1518:
1512:
1505:
1494:
1487:
1481:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1336:
1319:
1312:
1303:
1302:
1295:
1289:
1286:Appeal to Reason
1282:
1273:
1266:
1260:
1251:
1242:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1218:
1210:
1204:
1201:Altoona Tribune,
1197:
1191:
1184:
1178:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1148:
1139:
1138:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1111:
1098:
1097:
1089:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1007:
846:
824:
760:John Earl Haynes
740:
725:
708:, the author of
699:
566:every day in the
501:social democracy
421:
361:Communist period
260:Socialist period
222:textile industry
70:
58:), German Empire
50:
48:
33:
19:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2357:
2356:
2340:Wayback Machine
2319:
2314:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2248:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2203:Foreign Affairs
2196:
2195:
2191:
2181:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2158:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2116:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2090:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1915:
1913:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1866:
1864:
1863:on 3 March 2016
1860:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1836:Wayback Machine
1826:
1819:
1809:
1807:
1806:. H-Net H-DIPLO
1801:
1800:
1796:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1767:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1744:
1742:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1726:Wayback Machine
1716:
1712:
1703:
1699:
1690:
1686:
1673:
1669:
1664:Wayback Machine
1650:
1641:
1632:
1625:
1616:
1612:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1572:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1548:
1541:
1532:
1528:
1519:
1515:
1506:
1497:
1488:
1484:
1475:
1471:
1464:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1434:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1411:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1388:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1365:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1338:
1337:
1322:
1313:
1306:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1283:
1276:
1267:
1263:
1252:
1245:
1236:
1232:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1198:
1194:
1185:
1181:
1172:
1168:
1158:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1142:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1113:
1112:
1101:
1091:
1090:
1083:
1073:
1071:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1048:
1046:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1020:
1018:
1009:
1008:
981:
977:
949:Foreign Affairs
856:
828:Allen Weinstein
818:Valentin Markin
806:Julius Kobyakov
803:
772:David A. Salmon
756:
747:
679:
664:
659:
648:
622:Marko deDominis
575:
569:
563:
559:
465:
452:James P. Cannon
385:Louis C. Fraina
363:
262:
238:
190:
76:Alma mater
68:
59:
52:
46:
44:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2450:
2448:
2440:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2343:
2329:
2318:
2317:External links
2315:
2313:
2312:
2301:. Marxists.org
2286:
2275:. Marxists.org
2260:
2251:|journal=
2228:
2189:
2166:
2143:
2128:
2096:
2078:
2052:
2026:
2000:
1989:. Marxists.org
1984:"Leon Trotsky"
1974:
1948:
1923:
1912:. Marxists.org
1901:
1890:. p. 10.
1888:Stackpole Sons
1874:
1840:
1817:
1794:
1775:
1752:
1730:
1710:
1697:
1684:
1667:
1639:
1623:
1610:
1605:New York Times
1595:
1590:New York Times
1580:
1555:
1539:
1526:
1513:
1495:
1493:" pp. 176-177.
1482:
1469:
1462:
1442:
1431:. The Militant
1419:
1396:
1373:
1362:. Daily Worker
1350:
1320:
1304:
1290:
1274:
1261:
1243:
1230:
1205:
1192:
1179:
1166:
1140:
1121:
1099:
1081:
1056:
1028:
1015:New York Times
978:
976:
973:
972:
971:
968:
959:
958:
952:
946:
940:
934:
928:
922:
910:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
879:
878:
865:
855:
852:
802:
799:
755:
752:
678:
675:
663:
660:
658:
655:
647:
644:
640:New York Times
548:
464:
461:
362:
359:
355:
354:
351:
348:
345:
305:Eugene V. Debs
261:
258:
237:
234:
218:Werner Sombart
189:
186:
153:
152:
149:
145:
144:
141:
137:
136:
127:
126:Known for
123:
122:
103:
99:
98:
95:
91:
90:
87:
83:
82:
77:
73:
72:
71:(aged 67)
65:
61:
60:
53:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2449:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2341:
2337:
2334:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2297:
2290:
2287:
2271:
2264:
2261:
2256:
2243:
2232:
2229:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2193:
2190:
2177:
2170:
2167:
2154:
2147:
2144:
2139:
2132:
2129:
2124:
2111:
2100:
2097:
2089:
2082:
2079:
2063:
2056:
2053:
2037:
2030:
2027:
2011:
2004:
2001:
1985:
1978:
1975:
1959:
1952:
1949:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1878:
1875:
1859:
1852:
1851:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1805:
1798:
1795:
1790:
1786:
1779:
1776:
1763:
1756:
1753:
1740:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1720:
1714:
1711:
1707:
1701:
1698:
1694:
1688:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1654:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1614:
1611:
1606:
1599:
1596:
1591:
1584:
1581:
1565:
1559:
1556:
1552:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1483:
1479:
1473:
1470:
1465:
1463:9789004268890
1459:
1455:
1454:
1446:
1443:
1430:
1423:
1420:
1407:
1400:
1397:
1384:
1377:
1374:
1361:
1354:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1300:
1299:"Ludwig Lore"
1294:
1291:
1287:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1231:
1215:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1196:
1193:
1189:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1170:
1167:
1154:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1125:
1122:
1117:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1069:
1068:
1060:
1057:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1032:
1029:
1016:
1012:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
980:
974:
969:
966:
965:
964:
963:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
916:
915:
914:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
886:
885:
884:
883:
876:
872:
871:
867:"Preface" to
866:
863:
862:
861:
860:
853:
850:
843:
841:
836:
833:
829:
821:
819:
816:
811:
807:
800:
798:
795:
789:
786:
785:New York Post
782:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
753:
750:
745:
737:
733:
730:
722:
718:
715:
711:
707:
703:
696:
694:
693:
688:
684:
676:
674:
670:
667:
661:
656:
654:
651:
645:
643:
641:
637:
632:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
614:
609:
605:
600:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
581:
580:New York Post
573:
572:
571:New York Post
568:
567:
562:
556:
555:
547:
545:
541:
536:
534:
530:
525:
521:
517:
512:
510:
509:Great Britain
506:
502:
498:
494:
489:
486:
485:Volkszeitung,
481:
478:
473:
471:
462:
460:
457:
453:
449:
444:
442:
441:U.S. Congress
438:
432:
429:
428:Workers Party
424:
418:
415:
413:
408:
403:
401:
397:
392:
390:
386:
382:
380:
372:
367:
360:
358:
352:
349:
346:
343:
342:
341:
338:
334:
332:
328:
324:
319:
317:
312:
310:
306:
302:
298:
293:
291:
286:
282:
278:
277:New York City
273:
271:
267:
259:
255:October 1919.
254:
252:
251:The Liberator
247:
242:
235:
233:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
198:Lower Silesia
195:
187:
185:
183:
179:
178:
177:New York Post
173:
169:
168:
163:
159:
150:
146:
143:Lily Schneppe
142:
138:
134:
133:
128:
124:
121:
120:
115:
114:
109:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
86:Occupation(s)
84:
81:
78:
74:
66:
62:
57:
51:June 26, 1875
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
2350:
2303:. Retrieved
2289:
2277:. Retrieved
2263:
2242:cite journal
2231:
2206:
2202:
2192:
2180:. Retrieved
2169:
2157:. Retrieved
2146:
2137:
2131:
2099:
2081:
2069:. Retrieved
2055:
2043:. Retrieved
2029:
2017:. Retrieved
2003:
1991:. Retrieved
1977:
1965:. Retrieved
1951:
1939:. Retrieved
1926:
1914:. Retrieved
1904:
1883:
1877:
1865:. Retrieved
1858:the original
1849:
1843:
1808:. Retrieved
1797:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1766:. Retrieved
1755:
1743:. Retrieved
1733:
1713:
1705:
1700:
1692:
1687:
1675:
1670:
1652:
1634:
1618:
1613:
1604:
1598:
1589:
1583:
1571:. Retrieved
1558:
1550:
1534:
1529:
1521:
1516:
1508:
1490:
1485:
1477:
1472:
1452:
1445:
1433:. Retrieved
1422:
1410:. Retrieved
1399:
1387:. Retrieved
1376:
1364:. Retrieved
1353:
1342:
1315:
1293:
1285:
1269:
1264:
1256:
1238:
1233:
1221:. Retrieved
1208:
1200:
1195:
1187:
1182:
1174:
1169:
1157:. Retrieved
1134:
1130:
1124:
1115:
1093:
1072:. Retrieved
1066:
1059:
1047:. Retrieved
1041:
1031:
1019:. Retrieved
1014:
961:
960:
954:
948:
942:
936:
930:
924:
919:Daily Worker
918:
912:
911:
887:
881:
880:
874:
868:
858:
857:
845:
838:
823:
814:
804:
790:
784:
764:Harvey Klehr
757:
739:
735:
728:
724:
720:
709:
698:
690:
682:
680:
671:
668:
665:
652:
649:
639:
635:
634:He left the
633:
625:
611:
601:
593:Adolf Hitler
589:Walt Whitman
584:
578:
576:
570:
565:
564:
560:
553:
552:LUDWIG LORE
551:
550:
542:to become a
540:Volkszeitung
539:
537:
524:Volkszeitung
523:
520:Third Period
513:
497:wire service
493:Volkszeitung
492:
490:
484:
482:
474:
469:
466:
445:
434:
423:
420:
416:
406:
404:
393:
389:Louis Boudin
377:
375:
370:
356:
339:
335:
320:
313:
294:
284:
274:
263:
249:
210:Jelenia Góra
191:
175:
165:
157:
156:
130:
117:
111:
105:
69:(1942-07-08)
67:July 8, 1942
2372:1942 deaths
2367:1875 births
1074:29 December
1049:27 December
1021:29 December
794:Great Purge
626:Round Table
316:World War I
309:cooperative
283:daily, the
158:Ludwig Lore
102:Employer(s)
23:Ludwig Lore
2361:Categories
2119:|url=
1537:" pg. 178.
1511:" pg. 177.
1480:" pg. 176.
1318:" pg. 175.
1190:" pg. 172.
975:References
955:The Nation
931:The Nation
925:The Nation
875:Mein Kampf
870:Mein Kampf
597:Nazi party
583:(then the
477:Trotskyist
290:Paul Buhle
188:Background
47:1875-06-26
1159:11 August
913:Articles:
516:sectarian
412:factional
327:St. Louis
281:socialist
246:Art Young
206:gymnasium
172:communist
162:socialist
97:1892-1942
2336:Archived
2223:20030721
2110:cite web
1896:39027104
1867:1 August
1832:Archived
1722:Archived
1708:pg. 199.
1695:pg. 196.
1660:Archived
1637:pg. 158.
1621:pg. 156.
1524:pg. 146.
1177:pg. 435.
1039:(1952).
962:Letters:
937:Harper's
815:rezident
714:Bukharin
710:Red Love
692:rezident
595:and the
531:and the
422:For the
266:Colorado
148:Children
2325:at the
2305:11 July
2279:11 July
2182:11 July
2159:11 July
2071:11 July
2045:11 July
2019:11 July
1993:11 July
1967:11 July
1941:11 July
1916:11 July
1810:11 July
1768:11 July
1745:11 July
1573:12 July
1435:12 July
1412:12 July
1389:12 July
1366:12 July
1343:Witness
1223:12 July
781:leaking
702:Trotsky
683:Witness
226:Germany
2221:
1894:
1706:Spies,
1693:Spies,
1676:Spies,
1635:Spies,
1619:Spies,
1460:
1070:. Lulu
657:Legacy
236:Career
194:Jewish
182:Soviet
140:Spouse
2349:from
2299:(PDF)
2273:(PDF)
2219:JSTOR
2091:(PDF)
2065:(PDF)
2039:(PDF)
2013:(PDF)
1987:(PDF)
1961:(PDF)
1935:(PDF)
1861:(PDF)
1854:(PDF)
1567:(PDF)
1217:(PDF)
854:Works
202:Mirsk
200:(now
56:Mirsk
2307:2015
2281:2015
2255:help
2184:2015
2161:2015
2123:help
2073:2015
2047:2015
2021:2015
1995:2015
1969:2015
1943:2015
1918:2015
1892:LCCN
1869:2010
1812:2015
1770:2015
1747:2015
1575:2015
1458:ISBN
1437:2015
1414:2015
1391:2015
1368:2015
1225:2015
1161:2010
1076:2019
1051:2019
1023:2019
830:and
762:and
636:Post
620:and
604:WEVD
387:and
248:for
64:Died
41:Born
2211:doi
834:.)
810:SVR
744:FBI
507:in
325:in
2363::
2246::
2244:}}
2240:{{
2217:.
2207:14
2205:.
2201:.
2114::
2112:}}
2108:{{
1820:^
1787:.
1642:^
1626:^
1542:^
1498:^
1323:^
1307:^
1277:^
1246:^
1143:^
1102:^
1084:^
1013:.
982:^
685:,
642:.
546:.
535:.
511:.
402:.
391:.
333:.
272:.
116:,
110:,
2309:.
2283:.
2257:)
2253:(
2225:.
2213::
2186:.
2163:.
2125:)
2121:(
2075:.
2049:.
2023:.
1997:.
1971:.
1945:.
1920:.
1898:.
1871:.
1814:.
1789:3
1772:.
1749:.
1682:.
1577:.
1466:.
1439:.
1416:.
1393:.
1370:.
1227:.
1163:.
1078:.
1053:.
1025:.
727:"
381:,
253:,
49:)
45:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
