22:
121:
Luftwaffe guards had a reputation for being slightly less brutal than the SS, in several cases attempting to improve the conditions for prisoners. Nevertheless, Luftwaffe personnel also frequently mistreated prisoners. For example, Luftwaffe technicians in several places forced prisoners to defuse or
109:
each morning; they were exempt from work if the temperature dropped below −15 °C (5 °F). Most were Polish or Soviet POWs; the latter were known for their frequent escape attempts. Because of the valuable items that could be found while dismantling the aircraft, prisoners frequently tried to
105:. Although many of the Luftwaffe personnel smuggled letters or provided food for the prisoners, their commanding officer, a Luftwaffe major, was known for beating prisoners with an aluminium pipe. The prisoners were housed at Birkenau and forced to march to the
110:
smuggle them back to
Birkenau to trade for necessities. The death rate was high because of the harsh working conditions and workplace accidents. A factory for anti-aircraft weapons at
1397:
134:. For the latter crimes, Ludwig Stier, the Luftwaffe captain in charge of the Luftwaffe soldiers at the camp, was sentenced to death by a US military court in 1947 and executed.
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also posted about 10,000 soldiers to concentration camps because of a shortage of guards in mid-1944, including many from the
Luftwaffe.
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233:: Cochem-Bruttig, Erzingen, Hailfingen airfield, where almost 200 prisoners died, Neckarelz I and II, and Mannheim-Waldhof
221:
173:
131:
75:
1206:
Alemannia
Judaica: Arbeitsgemeinschaft für die Erforschung der Geschichte der Juden im süddeutschen und angrenzenden Raum
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aircraft that had been damaged beyond repair. These prisoners were supervised by
Luftwaffe personnel and guarded by the
49:
269:
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units to protect
Monowitz factories from air attack. By early 1944, there were 1,000 Luftwaffe guards at Auschwitz.
160:
213:
157:
127:
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45:
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and its subcamps. The main camps of
Flossenbürg Mittelbau-Dora, and Natzweiler had many Luftwaffe guards.
21:
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90:
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SS-Baubrigaden: 13 camps involved in the construction of V-1 weapons sites in occupied France
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26:
82:
48:, and posted its soldiers as guards at many others. Camps created for the exploitation of
97:. About 1,300 prisoners at a time were forced to work salvaging parts from Luftwaffe and
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248:
218:
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subcamps: Langendiebach I and II, Mainz-Finthen, Merzhausen, Seligenstadt, and
Usingen
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188:
1258:
Skriebeleit, Jörg (2007). "Leitmeritz". In Benz, Wolfgang; Distel, Barbara (eds.).
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34:
1238:
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1202:"The KZ-Außenlager (subcamp) at the Night-Fighter Airbase Hailfingen/Tailfingen"
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143:
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subcamps: Gerdauen, Heiligenbeil, Jesau, Praust, Schippenbeil, and
Seerappen
71:
54:
41:
448:, pp. 533, 623, 648, 649, 834, 835, 837, 936, 984, 1023, 1059, 1454.
111:
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242:: Beendorf, Bremen, Bremen-Obernheide, Kaltenkirchen, and Meppen-Dalum
130:, and tortured and murdered prisoners at Wiener Neudorf, a subcamp of
25:
New arrivals are counted at Melk; the vast majority of guards at this
1260:
1337:
Arming the
Luftwaffe: The German Aviation Industry in World War II
421:
20:
115:
114:
was staffed by Luftwaffe guards. The Luftwaffe also provided
52:
for armaments production were often run by the branch of the
1264:
Flossenbürg: Flossenbürg Concentration Camp and its Subcamps
460:, pp. 391, 533, 570, 641, 1059, 1152, 1248, 1464, 1478.
163:: Horgau, Fischen, Ottobrunn, Stephanskirchen, and Sudelfeld
126:. Luftwaffe soldiers reportedly executed prisoners during a
102:
405:
403:
1266:] (in German). Munich: C. H. Beck. pp. 169–175.
1320:. Vol. 2. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
294:
292:
290:
1224:[The SS] (in German). Mauthausen Memorial
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245:A forced labor camp near the Nowy Swierzen ghetto
472:, pp. 336, 402, 702, 821, 1365, 1368, 1426.
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16:Luftwaffe staffing of Nazi concentration camps
1398:Air force ground defence units and formations
138:List of camps with primarily Luftwaffe guards
8:
1362:Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945
1317:Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945
1288:Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945
625:
1177:. Translated by Zohn, Harry. Chapel Hill:
409:
81:In late 1943, a Luftwaffe salvage yard (
1367:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
1293:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
1183:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
310:
286:
1114:Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum
422:Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum
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191:subcamps: Breda, Leeuwarden, and Venlo
172:: Altenhammer, Holleischen, Kirchham,
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210:, Melk, Wiener Neudorf, and Schwechat
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1179:University of North Carolina Press
14:
1208:. Translated by Baumann, Christof
29:subcamp were Luftwaffe soldiers.
1:
266:: Mackenrode, Nüxi, and Wieda
132:Mauthausen concentration camp
74:soldiers worked as guards at
70:By the end of the war, 2,700
1240:Auschwitz: The Nazi Solution
1200:Mall, Volker; Roth, Harald.
1153:. Harvard University Press.
58:that used the products. The
1393:War crimes of the Wehrmacht
1414:
185:: Brieg and Kittlitztreben
214:Mielec concentration camp
89:) opened halfway between
1388:Nazi concentration camps
1339:. Jefferson: McFarland.
176:, and Mülsen St. Micheln
1314:; Dean, Martin (eds.).
1237:Rawson, Andrew (2015).
1181:in connection with the
1131:. Auschwitz Study Group
1365:(free download at the
1335:Uziel, Daniel (2011).
153:Stalag-13 Wernigerode
86:
30:
1312:Geoffrey P., Megargee
1283:Geoffrey P., Megargee
383:Auschwitz Study Group
254:: Karlshagen I and II
91:Auschwitz II-Birkenau
24:
224:: Ellrich, Günzerode
1174:People in Auschwitz
770:Mauthausen Memorial
46:concentration camps
928:, pp. 1096–7.
748:, pp. 839–40.
44:staffed dozens of
31:
1327:978-0-253-00202-0
1302:978-0-253-35328-3
1243:. Pen and Sword.
1192:978-0-8078-6363-3
1169:Langbein, Hermann
1150:The Death Marches
1110:"Mini dictionary"
724:, pp. 834–5.
688:, pp. 820–1.
122:otherwise handle
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1291:. Vol. 1.
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1355:External links
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1310:USHMM (2012).
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1281:USHMM (2009).
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1226:. Retrieved
1212:14 September
1210:. Retrieved
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1103:Bibliography
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35:World War II
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371:Rawson 2015
249:Ravensbrück
180:Gross-Rosen
167:Flossenbürg
128:death march
95:Auschwitz I
1377:Categories
1094:USHMM 2009
1082:USHMM 2009
1070:USHMM 2009
1058:USHMM 2009
1046:USHMM 2009
1034:USHMM 2009
1022:USHMM 2009
1010:USHMM 2009
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434:Uziel 2011
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323:USHMM 2009
299:USHMM 2009
277:References
237:Neuengamme
228:Natzweiler
174:Leitmeritz
144:Buchenwald
76:Buchenwald
1383:Luftwaffe
1369:web site)
1171:(2005) .
282:Citations
72:Luftwaffe
60:Wehrmacht
55:Wehrmacht
42:Luftwaffe
1222:"Die SS"
1147:(2011).
270:Stutthof
264:subcamps
252:subcamps
240:subcamps
231:subcamps
222:subcamps
208:Gusen II
204:subcamps
183:subcamps
170:subcamps
161:subcamps
147:subcamps
112:Monowitz
1285:(ed.).
195:Hinzert
33:During
1343:
1324:
1299:
1270:
1247:
1189:
1157:
158:Dachau
99:Allied
83:German
39:German
37:, the
1262:[
1341:ISBN
1322:ISBN
1297:ISBN
1268:ISBN
1245:ISBN
1230:2018
1214:2018
1187:ISBN
1155:ISBN
1137:2018
1121:2018
116:flak
93:and
1379::
1295:.
1204:.
1185:.
1112:.
402:^
289:^
206::
103:SS
85::
1349:.
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385:.
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