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deliver the inflammatory material to the academy. Francisco was relieved of his teaching position and Meléndez formally expelled from the
Academy on June 15, 1748. Unlike his father, Meléndez's professional status was precarious. Young and self-righteous, without the support of the academy and his reputation at stake, he decided to go to Italy to get new opportunities, where he remained until 1752. He stayed in Rome and Naples to pursue other career possibilities. There he made some paintings, now lost, for
373:. Like them, Meléndez studied light's effects, texture and the color of fruits and vegetables as well as the earthenware, glass and copper pots beside which the fruit is displayed. Unlike the 17th-century masters, however, his subject matter is presented physically closer to the viewer, at a lower vantage point, encouraging the spectator to study the objects for themselves. This exploration was in keeping with the growing spirit of
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compelling and reveals a wonderful technical skill at constructing compositions. Meléndez conveyed the solidity and precise texture of objects in artful compositions of great sophistication. He employed a low vantage point and close-up view of objects placed on a tabletop to give his forms an unprecedented monumentality. The use of strong lighting to bring out the volume of the objects enhanced his extraordinary descriptive skill.
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189:(1707–1771), a Frenchman who had been made royal painter of Philip V. Between 1737 and 1742, Meléndez merely worked as a part of a team of artist dedicated to copy van Loo's prototypes of royal portraits for the domestic and overseas market but had a foothold in the palace. He had his artistic sights on a distinguished career as a court painter.
178:, Francisco left for Italy in 1699 to seek greater artistic exposure. Francisco took a special interest in visiting the Italian academies and settled in Naples where he married. Meléndez was a year old when his father, who had been a soldier in a Spanish garrison and lived abroad for almost two decades, returned to
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At this time, he was already an accomplished painter, as proven by his self-portrait signed in 1747 at the Louvre. However, a petty quarrel marred this opportunity; Francisco openly attacked the director of the academy and claimed for himself the honor of being the founder. He had Meléndez personally
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Meléndez worked out of Madrid and initially painted an array of subjects. In 1760 Meléndez's petition for the position of court painter was refused, despite the caliber of his early works. He painted some religious works but began specializing in still life after 1760, a decorative genre that could
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was provisionally inaugurated in 1744, Francisco was made an honorary director of the painting section, and Meléndez was among the first students to be admitted, where he achieved outstanding results in drawing. The academy was progressive in that it not only tolerated but also encouraged "lesser"
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Meléndez painted his still lifes with a serious sense of reverence. What attracted him was not grand themes but the ordinary stuff of everyday life, which he studied with an enormous visual interest in the everyday normality of form. Each still-life painting by Meléndez is visually arresting and
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be produced without commission and was therefore lucrative for artists without royal patronage or the support of the academy. Between 1759 and 1772, he created at least 44 still lifes for the private museum of natural history belonging to the
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painter of the 18th century. His mastery of composition and light, and remarkable ability to convey the volume and texture of individual objects enabled him to transform the most mundane of kitchen fare into powerful images.
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Despite his talent, Meléndez lived in poverty for most of his life, and in 1772 in a letter to the king he declared that he only owned his brushes. Unappreciated in his time, when he died in Madrid in 1780, he was indigent.
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pots, ceramic bowls, plums, and melons. This contributes to the lively character and rhythm of his work. Meléndez described his works as "an amusing cabinet with all types of foodstuffs that the
Spanish climate produces".
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with the family. Meléndez, his brother José Agustín, and Ana, one of his sisters, began their careers under the tutelage of their father, who was appointed the King's
Painter of Miniatures in 1725.
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Meléndez seems to have spent more time lighting his scenes than preparing pigments for his palette. He loved painting reflections on the surfaces, edges, and rims of lemons,
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in 1716 to
Francisco Meléndez de Rivera Diaz (1682 – after 1758) and Maria Josefa Durazo y Santo Padre Barrille. Meléndez's father, a miniaturist painter from
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After several years "painting royal portraits in jewels and bracelets to serve as gifts for envoys and ambassadors", he entered the workshop of
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Meléndez updated and enriched the austere tradition of
Spanish still life painting, which had been initiated by the 17th-century masters
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in 1753 destroyed scores of illuminated choir books, Francisco coaxed his 37-year-old son to return to Spain to help paint new
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135:. Though he received little acclaim during his lifetime and died in poverty, Meléndez is recognized as the greatest Spanish
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with his older brother, the portrait painter Miguel
Jacinto Meléndez (1679–1734) in pursuit of artistic instruction.
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This article is about the 18th-century
Spanish painter. For the unrelated 19th-century Spanish genre painter, see
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Catálogo
Descriptivo e Histórico del Museo del Prado de Madrid (Parte Primera: Escuelas Italianas y Españolas)
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Luis Meléndez: La serie de bodegones para el Príncipe de
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Whereas Miguel remained in Madrid to study and became a painter in the court of
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Luis Meléndez : Spanish Still-Life Painter of the Eighteenth Century
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Luis Egidio Meléndez de Rivera Durazo y Santo Padre was born in
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Still life with a Plate of Plums, Pears and Fruit Basket
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Still Life with Tomatoes a Bowl of Aubergines and Onions
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Luis Egidio Meléndez de Rivera Durazo y Santo Padre
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255:. Of these paintings thirty nine are today in the
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98:1780 (aged 63–64)
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231:After a fire at the
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458:, c. 1760
361:circa 1770
359:Still Life
241:miniatures
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192:When the
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