152:
446:
guns), under the command of Pedro Fitz-James Stuart (later the
Marquis of San Leonardo), they engaged in combat near Cape Saint Vincent against the Algerian ships Danzik (60 guns) and Castillo Nuevo (54), the first captain of Algiers. The New Castle withdrew at the first volleys, but the Danzik continued fighting for about 30 hours in the space of four days, until it lost half its crew.2 After a sieve, it lowered its flag and had to be burned as it could not be used. . Fifty Christian captives were rescued. For this action, King Ferdinand VI granted Córdoba a commission from the Order of Calatrava.3
207:
511:
richest convoys ever to leave
Portsmouth. Córdoba took 3,000 prisoners from the endowments that day, plus 1,800 soldiers from the royal companies of the East and West Indies, valuing the captured loot, merchandise and ammunition, at 1 million dollars. Despite the persecution that he was subjected to by the enemy naval forces, which constituted the most distant protection of the convoy, he managed to lead his captured ships safely to Cádiz, which had great echo in the press of the time and made him the hero of the moment.
543:. When these were set ablaze by the red bullets of the defenders, he sent his smaller boats to put out the fires and save the crews. In the fires and blasts of these heavy batteries, theoretically unsinkable and incombustible, with water circulating "like blood through the human body", there were 338 dead, 638 wounded, 80 drowned and 335 prisoners. The effects were far outweighed by the bombardment of the gunboats invented by Barceló, which made it effective.
547:
of
Admiral Richard Howe. The Englishman entered the Mediterranean running a storm from the southwest and Córdova came out to meet him, but Howe took advantage of the storm and managed to bring the convoy ships with the much-awaited resources into the square, without Córdova being able to prevent it. In the storm, a Spanish ship, the San Miguel, was lost, thrown by the storm under the very walls of Gibraltar, and other Spanish ships suffered many damage.
484:
disembarkation immediately, on the grounds that the enemy squad was not in a position to avoid it. In the end there was no landing, and the facts proved the
Spaniards right. With isolated actions, the English hindered the actions of the combined fleet and managed to prepare to face the situation, which together with bad weather, scurvy and a typhus epidemic that affected the crews, made the allied squad desist, who retired to Brest.
44:
227:
470:
ships - of which the
Spanish Santísima Trinidad carried the Cordova insignia - entered the English Channel to attempt the invasion of the British Isles in August 1779. The English ships took refuge in their ports, causing the collapse of British trade, and the English 74-gun ship Ardent was seized, which was left behind.
558:
Peace was signed with Great
Britain on January 30, 1783, by which the island of Menorca and Florida were restored to Spain. The king rewarded the services of Córdoba by appointing him general director of the Navy on February 7, 1783 and shortly afterwards captain general. Córdova lowered his insignia
546:
He continued the blockade of
Gibraltar, which was defended by Governor Elliot. The ships remained at sea and only took refuge in Algeciras during hard times. The situation in the square became very tight, so the English decided to send a large convoy, escorted by a force of 30 ships under the command
514:
In the 1781 campaign, also in the
English Channel, the squad suffered violent storms without experiencing setbacks and serious ills, thanks to the correct dispositions taken by General Córdova seconded by his Major General José de Mazarredo. In this campaign he also had the success of seizing another
461:
Later he took part in the escort of various convoys of the
Carrera de Indias, and in the period 1754-1758 he had some outstanding performances in which he fought smuggling in Cartagena de Indias. In the absence of the rank of brigadier at that time, which was created in 1773, he was directly promoted
518:
In these navigations and battles, the good instruction of the
Spanish crews stood out, as a result of the efforts of the major general, effectively seconded by Escaño, at the time the assistant of the majority. Before they were published, the effects of what was to later become the Ordinances of the
469:
Spain allied with France by family pacts, in the middle of the American war of independence Luis de Córdova was appointed commander of a Spanish squad, which joined the French squad of Orvilliers when in June 1779 war was declared on England. The combined Franco-Spanish fleet, in which there were 68
465:
He then took command of a squadron with which he made multiple navigations, especially through North American waters, and with which he participated in various commissions, such as the gala parade held in 1765 in the waters of Cartagena to celebrate various events. He ended the command of said squad
562:
On July 2, 1786, he laid the first stone of the Pantheon of Illustrious Sailors of the Island of León (today San Fernando), the town where he died on July 29, 1796, at the age of 90, being buried in the church of San Francisco of said locality. In 1851 the transfer of his remains to the Pantheon of
502:
At that time, Luis de Córdova was already 73 years old, and many French people believed that, although in the past he had been a good officer, he was already very old and his head was failing. But Floridablanca, in a letter to Aranda dated November 27, 1779, said that it seemed to him that "the old
550:
When Lord Howe was returning to the Atlantic, Córdoba again met him and on October 20, 1782, the battle of Cape Spartel was locked. The British admired "the Spanish way of maneuvering, their ready line of battle, the swift positioning of the flagship in the center of the force and the opportunity
445:
In 1735 he was promoted to lieutenant and in August 1740 to captain of a frigate. This same year he took part in the fights against the Algerian pirates in the Mediterranean. He was appointed captain of the ship in 1747, and in command of the ship América, in union with the Dragon (both with 60
510:
loaded for the English army in North America and India, escorted by three War frigates that went to the Royal Navy of Spain with the names of Colón, Santa Balbina and Santa Paula. This logistical blow has remained the greatest ever suffered by the Royal Navy: he captured one of the largest and
487:
The French general, Count of Guichen, was amazed that Córdova took certain precautions against bad weather when the weather was still good and, on the contrary, that he ordered them to be suspended while it was still in the end of a storm and to them it seemed full. strength of him. The French
476:
For this meritorious campaign, Córdova received as a gift from King Louis XVI of France a gold box richly adorned with diamonds with the expressive dedication "Luis a Luis". On his side, the King of Spain awarded him the Grand Cross of Carlos III, at that time the most valuable distinction.
483:
The fruits of this campaign were, however, scarce, since differences of opinion arose between the French and Spanish command. The former wanted at all costs to destroy the enemy squadron first, and then carry out the planned landing in Great Britain. The Spanish advocated to carry out the
503:
man is more encouraged and suffered than the young men of Brest", and added that none of his detractors had been able to advance, improve or rectify none of your action plans. Due to this, on February 7, 1780 he was appointed general director of the Navy.
538:
commanded the employees directly in the attack at close range, and then the floating batteries attacked, under the orders of General Ventura Moreno Zavala, supported with the fires of his ships from this unfortunate attack of the invention of the French
714:
554:
After five hours of indecisive combat, the 34 British ships, longer than the 46 Spanish-French, refused to continue. The Spanish colossus, the ship Santísima Trinidad, was only able to completely discharge all of its batteries.
533:
Back in Spain, in 1782 he commanded the combined naval forces that had gathered in the bay of Algeciras to blockade Gibraltar and attempt to take it. He participated with direct attacks on the square, on the occasion when
794:
488:
admiral asked Mazarredo where such a forecast came from and the major general showed him the marine barometers that the Spanish ships had begun to use when the French allies did not yet have them.
571:
Luis de Córdova y Córdova, married to María Andrea de Romay, had a son, Antonio de Córdova y Romay, who also entered the Navy and died in 1782 after having reached the rank of brigadier.
691:
Peña Blanco, Joaquín Guillermo. The Royal Navy against the Royal Navy. The Spanish Navy on the European front for the independence of the United States. (2020) Alicante: Editorial EAS
437:
In 1732 he was promoted to lieutenant on a frigate, the year in which he participated in the capture of Oran. Two years later he would do it in the reconquest of Naples and Sicily.
423:
61:
641:
368:, and doña Clemencia Fernández de Córdova Lasso de la Vega Veintimiglia, daughter of the Marquis of Vado del Maestre and first-cousin of her husband. He was
108:
395:). The first lap of his career was marked by successful cruises and actions at sea that won the approval of his superiors and even the praise of
80:
151:
784:
379:
His inclination toward the sea began at a young age — at 11 he enlisted aboard his father's ship and by 13 he had made his first journey to
701:
87:
595:
685:
González de Canales, Fernando. Catalog of Paintings of the Naval Museum. Volume II. Ministry of Defence. Madrid, 2000. pp. 178–179.
506:
Cordova commanding the same combined squadron and over Cape Santa María, on August 9, 1780, with 27 ships under his command, captured a
466:
upon his return to Cádiz in March 1774, and in December of that same year he was promoted to lieutenant general, at 68 years of age.
94:
766:
746:
662:
617:
127:
314:
274:
76:
65:
540:
419:
261:
528:
255:
789:
101:
519:
Navy, the product of the laborious work and experience of these two eminent sailors, were beginning to be felt.
349:
718:
507:
497:
325:
285:
54:
345:
293:
157:
804:
799:
411:
635:
365:
535:
707:
762:
742:
668:
658:
623:
613:
431:
427:
415:
396:
268:
364:
to don Juan de Córdova Lasso de la Vega y Puente, a mariner, navy captain, and knight of the
337:
450:
688:
Martínez-Valverde and Martínez, Carlos. General Encyclopedia of the Sea. Garriga, 1957.
380:
303:
280:
778:
403:
392:
333:
719:
Naval History Forum of Spain and Spanish-speaking countries (registration required)
310:
232:
20:
43:
610:
Naval policy and strategy in the Mediterranean : past, present, and future
341:
672:
627:
402:
In 1730 Córdova had the distinction of commanding the naval escort for the
739:
Naval policy and strategy in the Mediterranean: past, present, and future.
585:
Cordova (Alaska): named in 1790, by the Spanish explorer Salvador Fidalgo.
384:
329:
318:
190:
407:
369:
361:
242:
170:
24:
551:
with which the rear guard forced the sail, shortening the distances."
373:
321:
717:, which allowed its reproduction in Knowledge under license GFDL:
212:
194:
174:
313:
officer. He is best known for his service in the Navy during the
710:". Spanish Biographical Dictionary. Royal Academy of History.
563:
Illustrious Sailors was decreed, which was fulfilled in 1870.
434:, with naval assistance from a squadron commanded by Córdova.
37:
795:
Spanish military personnel of the American Revolutionary War
648:"The capture of the ship Danzik.". Retrieved July 10, 2008.
317:. His best remembered actions were the capture of two
324:
totalling 79 ships between 1780 and 1782, including
515:British convoy of 24 ships and taking it to Brest.
248:
238:
218:
200:
180:
164:
142:
68:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
348:, but failed to prevent the British relieving the
700:Wikimedia Commons hosts a multimedia category on
31: and the second or maternal family name is
608:Hattendorf, John B.; Kennedy, Paul M. (2000).
8:
596:Capture of the English double convoy (1780)
559:of the combined squad the following May 1.
640:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
150:
139:
383:. In 1721 he joined the naval academy at
128:Learn how and when to remove this message
730:
706:González Fernández, Marcelino (2018). "
387:and by 1723 graduated with the rank of
309:(8 February 1706 – 29 July 1796) was a
761:Conway Maritime Press, 1988, page 84.
633:
741:Taylor & Francis, 2000, page 37.
7:
492:General Director of the Spanish Navy
290:Capture of the Merchant Quebec fleet
66:adding citations to reliable sources
508:British convoy of 55 merchant ships
527:Further information (in Spanish):
462:to squad leader on July 13, 1760.
14:
225:
205:
42:
16:Spanish Navy officer (1706–1796)
759:Trafalgar and the Spanish Navy.
53:needs additional citations for
655:Trafalgar and the Spanish navy
1:
785:Captain generals of the Navy
702:Luis de Córdova and Córdova.
414:), who journeyed across the
262:War of the Polish Succession
23:, the first or paternal
708:Luis de Córdova and Córdova
657:. London: Conway Maritime.
332:, and other cargo ships 60
77:"Luis de Córdova y Córdova"
821:
529:Siege of Gibraltar of 1779
526:
495:
328:from a convoy composed of
18:
653:Harbron, John D. (1988).
523:The blockade of Gibraltar
426:went on to reconquer the
340:. In 1782 he battled the
307:Luis de Córdova y Córdova
256:Battle of Cape St Vincent
252:Spanish-Barbary conflict
149:
715:permission of the author
430:for the Bourbons at the
410:Carlos de Borbón (later
350:Great Siege of Gibraltar
498:Action of 9 August 1780
326:the capture of 55 ships
286:Action of 9 August 1780
441:The Order of Calatrava
346:Battle of Cape Spartel
344:to a stalemate at the
294:Battle of Cape Spartel
158:Naval Museum of Madrid
496:Further information:
453:was named after him.
156:Portrait of Córdova,
412:Charles III of Spain
360:Córdova was born in
62:improve this article
457:America and England
737:Hattendorf, John:
713:Text adapted with
420:campaigns in Italy
389:Alférez de Fragata
366:Order of Calatrava
480:Castle of Brest.
473:King Carlos III.
432:Battle of Bitonto
428:Kingdom of Naples
315:Anglo-Spanish War
301:
300:
275:Anglo-Spanish War
269:Battle of Bitonto
138:
137:
130:
112:
812:
790:Spanish admirals
769:
755:
749:
735:
676:
645:
639:
631:
418:en route to the
376:on 12 February.
338:Cape St. Vincent
231:
229:
228:
220:
211:
209:
208:
187:
154:
140:
133:
126:
122:
119:
113:
111:
70:
46:
38:
820:
819:
815:
814:
813:
811:
810:
809:
775:
774:
773:
772:
757:Harbron, John:
756:
752:
736:
732:
727:
698:
682:
665:
652:
632:
620:
607:
604:
592:
582:
577:
569:
536:Antonio Barceló
531:
525:
500:
494:
459:
451:Cordova, Alaska
443:
358:
264:
226:
224:
206:
204:
189:
185:
169:
168:8 February 1706
160:
145:
144:Luis de Córdova
134:
123:
117:
114:
71:
69:
59:
47:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
818:
816:
808:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
777:
776:
771:
770:
750:
729:
728:
726:
723:
697:
696:External links
694:
693:
692:
689:
686:
681:
678:
663:
650:
649:
646:
618:
603:
600:
599:
598:
591:
588:
587:
586:
581:
578:
576:
573:
568:
565:
524:
521:
493:
490:
458:
455:
442:
439:
372:at San Miguel
357:
354:
299:
298:
297:
296:
291:
288:
283:
281:Armada of 1779
272:
271:
259:
258:
250:
246:
245:
240:
236:
235:
222:
216:
215:
202:
198:
197:
188:(aged 90)
182:
178:
177:
166:
162:
161:
155:
147:
146:
143:
136:
135:
50:
48:
41:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
817:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
782:
780:
768:
767:0-85177-477-6
764:
760:
754:
751:
748:
747:0-7146-8054-0
744:
740:
734:
731:
724:
722:
720:
716:
711:
709:
704:
703:
695:
690:
687:
684:
683:
679:
677:
674:
670:
666:
664:0-85177-477-6
660:
656:
647:
643:
637:
629:
625:
621:
619:0-7146-4991-0
615:
611:
606:
605:
601:
597:
594:
593:
589:
584:
583:
579:
574:
572:
566:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
542:
537:
530:
522:
520:
516:
512:
509:
504:
499:
491:
489:
485:
481:
478:
474:
471:
467:
463:
456:
454:
452:
447:
440:
438:
435:
433:
429:
425:
422:. Carlos and
421:
417:
416:Mediterranean
413:
409:
405:
404:Duke of Parma
400:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
377:
375:
371:
367:
363:
355:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
320:
316:
312:
308:
305:
295:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
278:
277:
276:
270:
267:
266:
265:
263:
257:
254:
253:
251:
247:
244:
241:
237:
234:
223:
217:
214:
203:
199:
196:
192:
183:
179:
176:
172:
167:
163:
159:
153:
148:
141:
132:
129:
121:
118:February 2024
110:
107:
103:
100:
96:
93:
89:
86:
82:
79: –
78:
74:
73:Find sources:
67:
63:
57:
56:
51:This article
49:
45:
40:
39:
34:
30:
26:
22:
758:
753:
738:
733:
712:
705:
699:
680:Bibliography
654:
651:
609:
575:Other honors
570:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
532:
517:
513:
505:
501:
486:
482:
479:
475:
472:
468:
464:
460:
449:The city of
448:
444:
436:
424:his generals
401:
388:
378:
359:
311:Spanish Navy
306:
302:
273:
260:
249:Battles/wars
233:Spanish Navy
186:(1796-07-29)
184:29 July 1796
124:
115:
105:
98:
91:
84:
72:
60:Please help
55:verification
52:
32:
28:
21:Spanish name
805:1796 deaths
800:1706 births
779:Categories
612:. London.
602:References
356:Early life
342:Royal Navy
201:Allegiance
88:newspapers
636:cite book
567:Offspring
673:26363342
628:41981874
397:the King
370:baptised
330:Indiamen
319:merchant
219:Service/
19:In this
580:Eponymy
541:d'Arçon
408:Infante
381:America
362:Seville
334:leagues
322:convoys
304:Admiral
243:Admiral
171:Sevilla
102:scholar
33:Córdova
29:Córdova
25:surname
765:
745:
671:
661:
626:
616:
393:ensign
374:parish
230:
221:branch
210:
104:
97:
90:
83:
75:
725:Notes
385:Cádiz
213:Spain
195:Spain
191:Cádiz
175:Spain
109:JSTOR
95:books
763:ISBN
743:ISBN
669:OCLC
659:ISBN
642:link
624:OCLC
614:ISBN
336:off
239:Rank
181:Died
165:Born
81:news
590:See
64:by
27:is
781::
721:.
667:.
638:}}
634:{{
622:.
406:,
399:.
352:.
193:,
173:,
675:.
644:)
630:.
391:(
131:)
125:(
120:)
116:(
106:·
99:·
92:·
85:·
58:.
35:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
