958:
29:
60:
1015:
539:
703:
551:
597:
399:
1085:
and not a tissue cylinder or biopsy, precluding evaluation of the tissue architecture. Theoretically, this makes the diagnosis of benign conditions more difficult, although rates higher than 90% have been reported. Complications of the latter technique include hemorrhage into the lung and air leak in
390:
morphology: a spiculated margin is a risk factor for cancer. Benign causes tend to have a well defined border, whereas lobulated lesions or those with an irregular margin extending into the neighbouring tissue tend to be malignant. In particular, spiculations are highly predictive of malignancy with
996:). Thus, an abnormal PET scan will reliably pick up cancer, but several other types of nodules (inflammatory or infectious, for example) will also show up on a PET scan. If the nodule has a diameter of less than one centimeter, PET scans are often avoided because of an increased risk of
411:
479:
rate: solid cancers generally doubles in volume over between 100 and 400 days, while subsolid cancers (generally representing adenocarcinomas) generally doubles in volume over 3 to 5 years. One volume doubling equals approximately a 26% increase in
646:
762:
Nodular density is used to distinguish larger lung tumors, smaller infiltrates or masses with other accompanying characteristics. An often used formal radiological definition is the following: a single lesion in the lung completely surrounded by
2146:
2127:
791:
guidelines are given in table below. For multiple nodes, management is based on the most suspicious node. These guidelines do not apply in lung cancer screening, in patients with immunosuppression, or in patients with known primary cancer.
473:: Where the presence of up to an additional 3 nodules has been found to increase the risk of cancer, but decrease in case of 4 or more additional ones, likely because it indicates a previous granulomatous infection rather than cancer.
459:
158:
are diagnosed in this way. If the patient has a history of smoking or the nodule is growing, the possibility of cancer may need to be excluded through further radiological studies and interventions, possibly including
410:
645:
634:
1453:
MacMahon H, Naidich DP, Goo JM, Lee KS, Leung AN, Mayo JR, et al. (July 2017). "Guidelines for
Management of Incidental Pulmonary Nodules Detected on CT Images: From the Fleischner Society 2017".
729:
is defined as a pattern of air-filled bronchi on a background of airless lung, and may be seen in both benign and malignant nodules, but certain patterns thereof may help in risk stratification.
2627:
742:, has low sensitivity and specificity and is not routinely employed, apart from helping to distinguish solid from ground glass lesions, and to confirm visible fatty areas or calcifications.
447:
609:
391:
a positive predictive value up to 90%. Also, a "notch sign", which is an abrupt indentation of the nodule, increases the risk of cancer, but may also be found in granulomatous diseases.
1857:
Gould MK, Maclean CC, Kuschner WG, Rydzak CE, Owens DK (February 2001). "Accuracy of positron emission tomography for diagnosis of pulmonary nodules and mass lesions: a meta-analysis".
435:
1962:
Cronin P, Dwamena BA, Kelly AM, Carlos RC (March 2008). "Solitary pulmonary nodules: meta-analytic comparison of cross-sectional imaging modalities for diagnosis of malignancy".
686:
538:
423:
992:. Around 95% of patients with a malignant nodule will have an abnormal PET scan, while around 78% of patients with a benign nodule will look normal on PET (this is the test
458:
3483:
657:
695:
3341:
2246:
718:
is where vessels converge to a nodule without adjoining or contacting the edge of the nodule, and is mainly seen in peripheral subsolid lung cancers. It reflects
3498:
550:
3091:
2038:
Klein JS, Salomon G, Stewart EA (March 1996). "Transthoracic needle biopsy with a coaxially placed 20-gauge automated cutting needle: results in 122 patients".
1128:
633:
1739:
1043:
1628:
Truong MT, Ko JP, Rossi SE, Rossi I, Viswanathan C, Bruzzi JF, et al. (October 2014). "Update in the evaluation of the solitary pulmonary nodule".
531:, then a thin wall points to a benign cause whereas a thick wall is associated with malignancy (especially 4 mm or less versus 16 mm or more).
2846:
495:
is a risk factor for cancer. In comparison, the typical size doubling are less than 20 days for infections, and more than 400 days for benign nodules.
957:
3472:
2870:
2642:
1348:
Jude CM, Nayak NB, Patel MK, Deshmukh M, Batra P (2014). "Pulmonary coccidioidomycosis: pictorial review of chest radiographic and CT findings".
1689:
3518:
2617:
485:
446:
359:
1731:
1112:
566:
175:
Not every round spot on a radiological image is a solitary pulmonary nodule: it may be confused with the projection of a structure of the
1261:"Management of SPN in France. Pathways for definitive diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodule: a multicentre study in 18 French districts"
3463:
3334:
3303:
3086:
2841:
2239:
1805:"What do you mean, a spot?: A qualitative analysis of patients' reactions to discussions with their physicians about pulmonary nodules"
608:
3536:
3493:
3096:
2892:
3293:
3073:
2573:
2268:
2263:
945:
More frequent CT scans than what is recommended has not been shown to improve outcomes but will increase radiation exposure and the
685:
434:
3513:
286:
1762:"Radiation dose associated with common computed tomography examinations and the associated lifetime attributable risk of cancer"
28:
3037:
3327:
3308:
2232:
2774:
702:
2073:
Erasmus JJ, McAdams HP, Connolly JE (2000). "Solitary pulmonary nodules: Part II. Evaluation of the indeterminate nodule".
3455:
2882:
596:
422:
1014:
3081:
3032:
2865:
2803:
985:
707:
656:
3392:
3042:
993:
510:
398:
694:
3468:
3228:
1927:
Vansteenkiste JF, Stroobants SS (January 2006). "PET scan in lung cancer: current recommendations and innovation".
1039:
969:
297:
3591:
3478:
3101:
2726:
2700:
2425:
2326:
1735:
2877:
1539:
Snoeckx A, Reyntiens P, Desbuquoit D, Spinhoven MJ, Van Schil PE, van
Meerbeeck JP, Parizel PM (February 2018).
3508:
3409:
3387:
2705:
2690:
2683:
2588:
2549:
2496:
2474:
2432:
2360:
2161:
2856:
3503:
3419:
3362:
3005:
2647:
2563:
2438:
946:
313:
3640:
3131:
2984:
2945:
2860:
2813:
2512:
2355:
1078:
1059:
262:
1717:
3488:
3375:
2393:
2365:
1310:
Thiessen NR, Bremner R (October 2010). "The solitary pulmonary nodule: approach for a general surgeon".
355:
1541:"Evaluation of the solitary pulmonary nodule: size matters, but do not ignore the power of morphology"
3679:
3528:
3010:
2962:
2950:
2764:
2722:
2321:
977:
897:
614:
586:
290:
282:
988:(PET scan) is appropriate (if available). It can be done simultaneously as a CT scan in the form of
59:
3606:
3278:
3245:
2991:
2940:
2568:
2388:
2255:
2150:
968:) in the left lower lobe near the heart. The scan also revealed abnormal increased activity at the
274:
188:
3658:
3428:
3136:
3001:
2957:
2789:
2710:
2637:
2507:
1005:
788:
250:
1219:
Ost D, Fein AM, Feinsilver SH (June 2003). "Clinical practice. The solitary pulmonary nodule".
1081:(which can be done under CT guidance). Needle aspiration can only retrieve groups of cells for
3565:
3354:
3258:
2502:
2331:
2292:
2201:
2172:
2090:
2055:
2020:
1979:
1944:
1909:
1874:
1834:
1791:
1709:
1645:
1610:
1570:
1470:
1414:
1365:
1327:
1292:
1236:
1198:
751:
238:
219:
124:
48:
1760:
Smith-Bindman R, Lipson J, Marcus R, Kim KP, Mahesh M, Gould R, et al. (December 2009).
3404:
3201:
3194:
3058:
2979:
2818:
2754:
2603:
2082:
2047:
2010:
1971:
1936:
1901:
1866:
1824:
1816:
1781:
1773:
1701:
1667:
1637:
1602:
1560:
1552:
1462:
1404:
1396:
1357:
1319:
1282:
1272:
1228:
1188:
1180:
1149:
739:
3223:
3175:
3063:
3014:
2935:
2851:
2659:
1035:
776:
733:
726:
506:
343:
278:
203:
151:
3319:
2086:
905:
CT after 6–12 months to check if persistent, then after 2 years and then another 2 years
1400:
3586:
3436:
3161:
2823:
2734:
2654:
2464:
2459:
2155:
1829:
1804:
1786:
1761:
1565:
1540:
1409:
1384:
1287:
1260:
1259:
Alzahouri K, Velten M, Arveux P, Woronoff-Lemsi MC, Jolly D, Guillemin F (April 2008).
1193:
1168:
1116:
997:
668:
626:
is far more common in cancers. It is the pulling of visceral pleura towards the nodule.
321:
270:
3673:
3596:
3253:
2967:
2678:
2224:
1940:
1082:
491:
109:
2212:
2051:
3632:
3370:
3190:
3143:
2528:
2480:
2349:
1777:
1087:
1074:
1063:
719:
557:
377:
317:
254:
242:
184:
105:
has a diameter of less than three millimetres. There may also be multiple nodules.
1892:
Khan A (March 2007). "ACR Appropriateness
Criteria on solitary pulmonary nodule".
1705:
2166:
3650:
3446:
3382:
3288:
3235:
3218:
3213:
3166:
3121:
2972:
2920:
2887:
2759:
2488:
2420:
2383:
2338:
2273:
2196:
1108:
1067:
1021:
772:
569:
Calcifications and popcorn-like appearance, conferring a diagnosis of hamartoma.
565:
502:
336:
195:
155:
113:
53:
36:
2177:
2015:
1999:"Utility of small biopsies for diagnosis of lung nodules: doing more with less"
1998:
1905:
376:: Upper lobe location is a risk factor for cancer, while a location close to a
3601:
3208:
2808:
2794:
2769:
2744:
2739:
2673:
2622:
2544:
2520:
2469:
2343:
2308:
2283:
2136:
1975:
1606:
1556:
1466:
1323:
1150:"Coin lesion (lung) | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org"
1091:
1001:
764:
347:
305:
207:
176:
936:
CT after 3–6 months. If stable, consider CT after 2 and then another 2 years.
3637:
3547:
3283:
2915:
2784:
2779:
2749:
2300:
2207:
2140:
1184:
768:
521:
258:
234:
227:
223:
164:
140:
136:
132:
2094:
2024:
1983:
1948:
1913:
1878:
1870:
1838:
1795:
1713:
1649:
1614:
1574:
1474:
1418:
1369:
1331:
1296:
1277:
1240:
1202:
1107:
Where workup indicates a high risk of cancer, excision can be performed by
2059:
1820:
3570:
3560:
3298:
3183:
2583:
2316:
1672:
1641:
1361:
1232:
1073:
In selected cases, nodules can also be sampled through the airways using
351:
309:
301:
266:
211:
199:
2119:
1167:
de
Margerie-Mellon, Constance; Bankier, Alexander A. (1 December 2019).
919:
If unchanged and solid component remains <6mm: Annual CT for 5 years.
585:
nodules, being part solid has a higher risk of cancer than being purely
3555:
2536:
2412:
961:
651:
In this case, pleural retraction is seen as a triangular fat component.
509:(HU), whereas a higher enhancement indicates a malignant tumor (with a
464:
A triangular perifissural node can be diagnosed as a benign lymph node.
384:
indicates a benign lymph node, especially if having a triangular shape.
246:
215:
160:
147:
117:
1090:). However, not all these cases of pneumothorax need treatment with a
3624:
3399:
3350:
2633:
2446:
2375:
2131:
1803:
Wiener RS, Gould MK, Woloshin S, Schwartz LM, Clark JA (March 2013).
1055:
989:
984:
If there is an intermediate risk of malignancy, further imaging with
829:
710:
of a lung nodule, the latter better visualizing vascular convergence.
381:
180:
143:
128:
1746:. American College of Chest Physicians and American Thoracic Society
578:, a popcorn-like appearance indicates a hamartoma, which is benign.
2454:
956:
701:
564:
94:
1688:
Tan BB, Flaherty KR, Kazerooni EA, Iannettoni MD (January 2003).
544:
Low attenuating nodule (in this case a fat containing hamartoma).
2403:
98:
78:
3323:
2228:
964:
study of a 71-year-old woman with a solitary pulmonary nodule (
1593:
Winer-Muram HT (April 2006). "The solitary pulmonary nodule".
1070:
have also proven to be very helpful in the diagnosis of SPN.
332:
Risk factors for incidentally discovered nodules are mainly:
1383:
Zhan P, Xie H, Xu C, Hao K, Hou Z, Song Y (December 2013).
1066:
are commonly used for diagnosis of lung nodules. CT guided
949:
can be expected to make the patient anxious and uncertain.
767:
with a diameter less than 3 cm and without associated
524:. However, only about 50% of hamartomas are fat containing.
416:
Round well-delineated solid lung nodule with smooth border.
859:
CT after 3–6 months, then consider CT after 18–24 months
825:
CT after 6–12 months, then consider CT after 18–24 months
505:, a solitary nodule with an enhancement off less than 15
210:
to the lung (common unrecognised primary tumor sites are
1086:
the pleural space between the lung and the chest wall (
738:
CT densitometry, measuring absolute attenuation on the
1448:
1744:
Choosing Wisely: An
Initiative of the ABIM Foundation
1740:"Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question"
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
501:: If the exam is done as a combined non-contrast and
2109:
556:
Cavitation with relatively thick wall, in this case
3649:
3623:
3579:
3545:
3527:
3454:
3445:
3427:
3418:
3361:
3271:
3244:
3174:
3160:
3114:
3072:
3051:
3025:
2928:
2914:
2905:
2834:
2719:
2699:
2582:
2562:
2402:
2282:
2262:
2187:
2113:
1385:"Management strategy of solitary pulmonary nodules"
194:The most important cause to exclude is any form of
47:
21:
43:(indicated by a black box) in the left upper lobe.
198:, including rare forms such as primary pulmonary
1588:
1586:
1584:
1004:on PET, as demonstrated by their high uptake of
1000:results. Cancerous lesions usually have a high
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1254:
1252:
1250:
843:CT after 6–12 months, then after 18–24 months
787:For incidentally detected nodules on CT scan,
101:smaller than three centimeters in diameter. A
3335:
2240:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1129:Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma of the lung
939:CT after 3–6 months, then after 18–24 months
870:CT after 3–6 months, then after 18–24 months
754:can include a variety of scans and biopsies.
368:: larger size confers a higher risk of cancer
296:A solitary lung nodule can be found to be an
277:infestation). Lung nodules can also occur in
139:, but in around 20% of cases it represents a
8:
1894:Journal of the American College of Radiology
1852:
1850:
1661:
1659:
77:is a relatively small focal density in the
3451:
3424:
3342:
3328:
3320:
3171:
2925:
2911:
2716:
2579:
2279:
2247:
2233:
2225:
2110:
1343:
1341:
1115:, which can also confirm the diagnosis by
1068:percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsies
1054:For cases suspicious enough to proceed to
1044:single photon emission computed tomography
58:
27:
18:
2847:Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema
2014:
1828:
1785:
1564:
1408:
1286:
1276:
1214:
1212:
1192:
1169:"To Be or Not to Be … a Pulmonary Nodule"
672:is a rare finding, yet indicating cancer.
154:. Conversely, 10 to 20% of patients with
875:
869:
858:
794:
655:
233:The most common benign coin lesion is a
2871:Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
1140:
1010:
922:Solid component ≥6mm: highly suspicious
681:
629:
592:
534:
394:
660:Lung nodule abutting a pulmonary cyst.
3519:Basaloid squamous cell lung carcinoma
1312:The Surgical Clinics of North America
360:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
269:infection or worm infection (such as
222:). Benign tumors in the lung include
167:depends on the underlying condition.
7:
2087:10.1148/radiographics.20.1.g00ja0259
1732:American College of Chest Physicians
1113:video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery
1058:, small biopsies can be obtained by
884:Total size <6 mm (<100mm)
253:. Other infectious causes include a
3304:Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis
1401:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2013.12.13
1221:The New England Journal of Medicine
108:One or more lung nodules can be an
2893:Vaping-associated pulmonary injury
2256:Diseases of the respiratory system
14:
1173:Radiology: Cardiothoracic Imaging
354:and previously diagnosed cancer,
1941:10.1097/01243894-200601000-00014
1077:or through the chest wall using
1013:
693:
684:
644:
632:
607:
595:
549:
537:
457:
445:
433:
421:
409:
397:
287:granulomatosis with polyangiitis
2052:10.1148/radiology.198.3.8628859
1997:Mukhopadhyay S (January 2012).
1690:"The solitary pulmonary nodule"
639:Nodule with pleural retraction.
308:zone. It may also be caused by
3309:Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
1778:10.1001/archinternmed.2009.427
840:Optionally, CT after 12 months
678:in the nodule indicate cancer:
1:
3537:Combined small-cell carcinoma
3499:Salivary gland–like carcinoma
3456:Non-small-cell lung carcinoma
2883:Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
1766:Archives of Internal Medicine
1706:10.1378/chest.123.1_suppl.89S
1038:of pulmonary nodules include
887:Total size >6mm (>100)
867:Optionally CT after 12 months
520:(−40 to −120 HU) indicates a
2866:Respiratory hypersensitivity
2804:Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
1929:Journal of Thoracic Oncology
986:positron emission tomography
708:maximal intensity projection
3473:Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
3393:Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
2775:Coalworker's pneumoconiosis
1389:Journal of Thoracic Disease
994:sensitivity and specificity
976:). The final diagnosis was
127:most commonly represents a
3696:
2628:Acute exacerbation of COPD
2016:10.1038/modpathol.2011.153
1906:10.1016/j.jacr.2006.12.003
1666:Tanay Patel (2019-02-25).
1040:magnetic resonance imaging
970:gastro-esophageal junction
731:
298:arteriovenous malformation
3592:Solitary pulmonary nodule
3479:Large-cell lung carcinoma
1976:10.1148/radiol.2463062148
1736:American Thoracic Society
1668:"Lung Metastases Imaging"
1607:10.1148/radiol.2391050343
1557:10.1007/s13244-017-0581-2
1467:10.1148/radiol.2017161659
1324:10.1016/j.suc.2010.07.002
1117:microscopical examination
1034:Other potential forms of
930:
891:
881:
847:
828:Consider CT at 3 months,
827:
813:
803:<6 mm (<100mm)
800:
83:solitary pulmonary nodule
41:solitary pulmonary nodule
35:
26:
3509:Papillary adenocarcinoma
3410:Laryngeal papillomatosis
3388:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
2691:Diffuse panbronchiolitis
2684:Bronchiolitis obliterans
2550:Laryngotracheal stenosis
2497:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
2475:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
2433:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
2361:Nasal septum perforation
3504:Adenosquamous carcinoma
3464:Squamous-cell carcinoma
2439:Retropharyngeal abscess
1185:10.1148/ryct.2019190201
1008:(a radioactive sugar).
947:unnecessary health care
779:(swollen lymph nodes).
440:Spiculated lung nodule.
112:found in up to 0.2% of
3641:solitary fibrous tumor
3132:Pulmonary hypertension
2861:Eosinophilic pneumonia
2513:Vocal cord dysfunction
2356:Nasal septum deviation
1871:10.1001/jama.285.7.914
1278:10.1186/1471-2407-8-93
1079:fine-needle aspiration
1060:fine needle aspiration
981:
916:CT after 6–12 months:
765:functional lung tissue
711:
661:
570:
356:respiratory infections
263:pneumocystis pneumonia
241:), for example due to
3489:Sarcomatoid carcinoma
3376:Esthesioneuroblastoma
3259:Mediastinal emphysema
3038:Healthcare-associated
2968:Legionnaires' disease
2394:Peritonsillar abscess
2366:Nasal septal hematoma
1821:10.1378/chest.12-1095
1678:Updated: Sep 30, 2018
1545:Insights into Imaging
960:
732:Further information:
705:
676:Bubble-like lucencies
659:
568:
103:pulmonary micronodule
3529:Small-cell carcinoma
3514:Giant-cell carcinoma
3006:Mendelson's syndrome
2878:Hamman–Rich syndrome
2009:(Suppl 1): S43–S57.
1700:(1 Suppl): 89S–96S.
1642:10.1148/rg.346130092
1362:10.1148/rg.344130134
1233:10.1056/NEJMcp012290
978:non-Hodgkin lymphoma
913:No routine follow-up
902:No routine follow-up
898:Ground glass opacity
856:No routine follow-up
822:No routine follow-up
809:>8mm (>250mm)
716:Vascular convergence
615:Ground glass opacity
587:ground glass opacity
342:such as exposure to
338:General risk factors
291:organizing pneumonia
283:rheumatoid arthritis
189:electrocardiographic
3607:Bronchial leiomyoma
3279:Respiratory failure
3246:Mediastinal disease
2814:Bird fancier's lung
2389:Adenoid hypertrophy
878:
797:
775:(lung collapse) or
179:or skin, such as a
3659:Mediastinal tumors
3484:Rhabdoid carcinoma
3184:Pleuritis/pleurisy
3137:Pulmonary embolism
3033:Community-acquired
2958:Atypical bacterial
2857:Löffler's syndrome
2638:Status asthmaticus
2623:Chronic bronchitis
2508:Vocal fold paresis
2322:Vasomotor rhinitis
2188:External resources
1738:(September 2013).
982:
876:
795:
789:Fleischner Society
712:
662:
624:Pleural retraction
602:Part solid nodule.
571:
513:estimated at 98%).
404:subpleural nodule.
251:Coccidioidomycosis
161:surgical resection
110:incidental finding
3667:
3666:
3619:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3566:Immature teratoma
3355:respiratory tract
3317:
3316:
3267:
3266:
3224:Empyema/pyothorax
3156:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3110:
3109:
3043:Hospital-acquired
2901:
2900:
2765:Caplan's syndrome
2558:
2557:
2503:Vocal fold nodule
2327:Atrophic rhinitis
2222:
2221:
1772:(22): 2078–2086.
1227:(25): 2535–2542.
943:
942:
877:Subsolid nodules
874:
873:
806:6–8mm (100–250mm)
777:lymphadenopathies
752:diagnostic workup
428:Lobulated nodule.
310:bronchial atresia
220:testicular cancer
116:and around 1% of
67:
66:
16:Medical condition
3687:
3452:
3425:
3405:Laryngeal cancer
3344:
3337:
3330:
3321:
3202:Pleural effusion
3195:Hemopneumothorax
3172:
2926:
2912:
2755:Bauxite fibrosis
2720:External agents/
2717:
2648:Exercise-induced
2604:Acute bronchitis
2580:
2280:
2249:
2242:
2235:
2226:
2111:
2099:
2098:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2018:
2003:Modern Pathology
1994:
1988:
1987:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1854:
1845:
1842:
1832:
1799:
1789:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1716:. Archived from
1685:
1679:
1677:
1663:
1654:
1653:
1636:(6): 1658–1679.
1625:
1619:
1618:
1590:
1579:
1578:
1568:
1536:
1479:
1478:
1450:
1423:
1422:
1412:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1345:
1336:
1335:
1318:(5): 1003–1018.
1307:
1301:
1300:
1290:
1280:
1256:
1245:
1244:
1216:
1207:
1206:
1196:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1145:
1017:
879:
798:
740:Hounsfield scale
727:Air bronchograms
697:
688:
648:
636:
611:
599:
553:
541:
507:Hounsfield units
461:
449:
437:
425:
413:
401:
279:immune disorders
247:fungal infection
146:, especially in
131:tumor such as a
75:pulmonary nodule
63:
62:
31:
19:
3695:
3694:
3690:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3670:
3669:
3668:
3663:
3645:
3611:
3602:Peripheral lung
3575:
3541:
3523:
3441:
3414:
3357:
3348:
3318:
3313:
3263:
3240:
3176:Pleural disease
3165:
3148:
3106:
3068:
3052:By distribution
3047:
3026:By vector/route
3021:
2919:
2907:
2897:
2852:Pulmonary edema
2830:
2725:
2721:
2708:
2704:
2695:
2660:Cystic fibrosis
2587:
2571:
2567:
2554:
2398:
2272:
2266:
2258:
2253:
2223:
2218:
2217:
2183:
2182:
2122:
2108:
2103:
2102:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2037:
2036:
2032:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1856:
1855:
1848:
1802:
1759:
1749:
1747:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1665:
1664:
1657:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1592:
1591:
1582:
1538:
1537:
1482:
1452:
1451:
1426:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1347:
1346:
1339:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1258:
1257:
1248:
1218:
1217:
1210:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1125:
1105:
1100:
1052:
1036:medical imaging
1032:
1025:
1018:
955:
932:
893:
849:
815:
785:
760:
748:
736:
734:Air bronchogram
706:Thin slice and
698:
689:
652:
649:
640:
637:
618:
612:
603:
600:
561:
554:
545:
542:
465:
462:
453:
452:A "notch sign".
450:
441:
438:
429:
426:
417:
414:
405:
402:
344:tobacco smoking
330:
206:and a solitary
204:carcinoid tumor
173:
57:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3693:
3691:
3683:
3682:
3672:
3671:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3655:
3653:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3643:
3635:
3629:
3627:
3621:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3587:Pancoast tumor
3583:
3581:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3552:
3550:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3539:
3533:
3531:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3469:Adenocarcinoma
3466:
3460:
3458:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3437:Tracheal tumor
3433:
3431:
3422:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3373:
3367:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3353:involving the
3349:
3347:
3346:
3339:
3332:
3324:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3256:
3250:
3248:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3204:
3198:
3197:
3187:
3186:
3180:
3178:
3169:
3162:Pleural cavity
3158:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3124:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3078:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3017:
3008:
2994:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2938:
2932:
2930:
2923:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2863:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2838:
2836:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2824:Lycoperdonosis
2821:
2816:
2811:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2735:Pneumoconiosis
2731:
2729:
2714:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2676:
2671:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2655:Bronchiectasis
2652:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2631:
2625:
2615:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2599:
2593:
2591:
2577:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2540:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2524:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2494:
2492:
2484:
2483:
2478:
2472:
2467:
2465:Laryngeal cyst
2462:
2460:Laryngomalacia
2457:
2452:
2450:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2418:
2416:
2408:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2379:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2314:
2312:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2296:
2288:
2286:
2277:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2244:
2237:
2229:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2204:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2169:
2158:
2143:
2123:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:Classification
2107:
2106:External links
2104:
2101:
2100:
2065:
2046:(3): 715–720.
2030:
1989:
1970:(3): 772–782.
1954:
1919:
1900:(3): 152–155.
1884:
1865:(7): 914–924.
1846:
1844:
1843:
1815:(3): 672–677.
1800:
1756:, which cites
1723:
1720:on 2013-01-12.
1680:
1655:
1620:
1580:
1480:
1461:(1): 228–243.
1424:
1395:(6): 824–829.
1375:
1356:(4): 912–925.
1337:
1302:
1246:
1208:
1179:(5): e190201.
1159:
1148:Knipe, Henry.
1139:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1124:
1121:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1051:
1050:Histopathology
1048:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1026:
1019:
1012:
998:falsely normal
980:at both sites.
954:
951:
941:
940:
937:
934:
928:
927:
925:
924:
923:
920:
914:
911:
907:
906:
903:
900:
895:
889:
888:
885:
882:
872:
871:
868:
865:
861:
860:
857:
854:
851:
845:
844:
841:
838:
834:
833:
826:
823:
820:
817:
811:
810:
807:
804:
801:
796:Solid nodules
784:
781:
759:
756:
747:
744:
724:
723:
700:
699:
692:
690:
683:
680:
679:
673:
669:pulmonary cyst
665:A lung nodule
654:
653:
650:
643:
641:
638:
631:
628:
627:
620:
619:
613:
606:
604:
601:
594:
591:
590:
579:
576:calcifications
563:
562:
555:
548:
546:
543:
536:
533:
532:
529:central cavity
527:If there is a
525:
514:
496:
481:
474:
467:
466:
463:
456:
454:
451:
444:
442:
439:
432:
430:
427:
420:
418:
415:
408:
406:
403:
396:
393:
392:
385:
370:
369:
363:
340:of lung cancer
329:
326:
322:pleural plaque
271:dirofilariasis
237:(inflammatory
172:
169:
65:
64:
51:
45:
44:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3692:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3642:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3578:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3544:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3526:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3444:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3345:
3340:
3338:
3333:
3331:
3326:
3325:
3322:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3272:Other/general
3270:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3254:Mediastinitis
3252:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3243:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3196:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3163:
3159:
3145:
3142:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2997:noninfectious
2995:
2993:
2990:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2978:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2917:
2913:
2910:
2906:Obstructive /
2904:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2819:Farmer's lung
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2698:
2692:
2689:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2679:Bronchiolitis
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2561:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2401:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2372:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2250:
2245:
2243:
2238:
2236:
2231:
2230:
2227:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2124:
2121:
2116:
2112:
2105:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2075:Radiographics
2069:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2034:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1993:
1990:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1958:
1955:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1923:
1920:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1888:
1885:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1840:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1757:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1727:
1724:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1684:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1630:Radiographics
1624:
1621:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1558:
1554:
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1546:
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1527:
1525:
1523:
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1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1379:
1376:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1350:Radiographics
1344:
1342:
1338:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1306:
1303:
1298:
1294:
1289:
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1279:
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1234:
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1222:
1215:
1213:
1209:
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1200:
1195:
1190:
1186:
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1178:
1174:
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1163:
1160:
1155:
1151:
1144:
1141:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1030:Other imaging
1029:
1023:
1016:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
952:
950:
948:
938:
935:
929:
926:
921:
918:
917:
915:
912:
909:
908:
904:
901:
899:
896:
890:
886:
883:
880:
866:
863:
862:
855:
852:
846:
842:
839:
836:
835:
831:
824:
821:
818:
812:
808:
805:
802:
799:
793:
790:
782:
780:
778:
774:
770:
766:
757:
755:
753:
745:
743:
741:
735:
730:
728:
721:
717:
714:
713:
709:
704:
696:
691:
687:
682:
677:
674:
671:
670:
664:
663:
658:
647:
642:
635:
630:
625:
622:
621:
616:
610:
605:
598:
593:
588:
584:
580:
577:
573:
572:
567:
559:
552:
547:
540:
535:
530:
526:
523:
519:
515:
512:
508:
504:
500:
497:
494:
493:
488:
487:
482:
478:
475:
472:
469:
468:
460:
455:
448:
443:
436:
431:
424:
419:
412:
407:
400:
395:
389:
386:
383:
379:
375:
372:
371:
367:
364:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
339:
335:
334:
333:
327:
325:
323:
319:
316:, an inhaled
315:
314:sequestration
311:
307:
303:
299:
294:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
275:dog heartworm
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
231:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
170:
168:
166:
162:
157:
153:
149:
145:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
121:
119:
115:
111:
106:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
61:
55:
52:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
25:
20:
3633:Mesothelioma
3597:Central lung
3371:Nasal cavity
3191:Pneumothorax
3144:Lung abscess
3126:
2996:
2985:Pneumocystis
2946:Pneumococcal
2727:lung disease
2723:occupational
2701:Interstitial
2666:
2610:
2596:
2569:lung disease
2535:
2529:Epiglottitis
2519:
2487:
2481:Laryngospasm
2445:
2426:Strep throat
2411:
2374:
2350:nasal septum
2348:
2307:
2291:
2206:
2195:
2171:
2160:
2145:
2126:
2081:(1): 59–66.
2078:
2074:
2068:
2043:
2039:
2033:
2006:
2002:
1992:
1967:
1963:
1957:
1935:(1): 71–73.
1932:
1928:
1922:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1862:
1858:
1812:
1808:
1769:
1765:
1748:. Retrieved
1743:
1726:
1718:the original
1697:
1693:
1683:
1671:
1633:
1629:
1623:
1601:(1): 34–49.
1598:
1594:
1551:(1): 73–86.
1548:
1544:
1458:
1454:
1392:
1388:
1378:
1353:
1349:
1315:
1311:
1305:
1268:
1264:
1224:
1220:
1176:
1172:
1162:
1153:
1143:
1106:
1088:pneumothorax
1075:bronchoscopy
1072:
1064:bronchoscopy
1053:
1033:
1020:PET-CT of a
983:
973:
965:
944:
786:
761:
749:
737:
725:
720:angiogenesis
715:
675:
666:
623:
582:
575:
558:aspergilloma
528:
518:fatty tissue
517:
498:
490:
484:
483:Presence of
476:
471:Multiplicity
470:
387:
373:
365:
337:
331:
328:Risk factors
318:foreign body
295:
265:) or rarely
255:lung abscess
243:tuberculosis
232:
193:
191:monitoring.
185:rib fracture
183:, a healing
174:
148:older adults
122:
114:chest X-rays
107:
102:
90:
86:
82:
74:
70:
68:
40:
3680:Lung cancer
3651:Mediastinum
3580:By location
3383:Nasopharynx
3289:Common cold
3236:Fibrothorax
3219:Chylothorax
3214:Hydrothorax
3167:mediastinum
3127:circulatory
3122:Atelectasis
2929:By pathogen
2921:pneumonitis
2908:Restrictive
2888:Sarcoidosis
2760:Berylliosis
2706:restrictive
2667:unspecified
2589:obstructive
2572:(including
2489:vocal cords
2421:Pharyngitis
2384:Tonsillitis
2339:Nasal polyp
2274:common cold
2267:(including
2197:MedlinePlus
1154:Radiopaedia
1109:thoracotomy
1022:tuberculoma
974:thick arrow
910:Part solid
773:atelectasis
667:abutting a
581:In case of
574:In case of
511:sensitivity
503:contrast CT
499:Enhancement
348:carcinogens
261:(including
196:lung cancer
156:lung cancer
91:coin lesion
71:lung nodule
54:Pulmonology
37:Chest X-ray
22:Lung nodule
3209:Hemothorax
3011:Aspiration
2973:Chlamydiae
2963:Mycoplasma
2951:Klebsiella
2809:Bagassosis
2795:Byssinosis
2770:Chalicosis
2745:Asbestosis
2740:Aluminosis
2674:Bronchitis
2545:Tracheitis
2521:epiglottis
2470:Laryngitis
2344:Rhinorrhea
2173:DiseasesDB
1265:BMC Cancer
1098:Management
1092:chest tube
1002:metabolism
966:thin arrow
864:High risk
837:High risk
832:or biopsy
758:Definition
306:infarction
281:, such as
249:, such as
228:chondromas
224:hamartomas
208:metastasis
177:chest wall
39:showing a
3638:Malignant
3548:carcinoma
3494:Carcinoid
3284:Influenza
3229:Malignant
2992:Parasitic
2941:Bacterial
2916:Pneumonia
2785:Silicosis
2780:Siderosis
2750:Baritosis
2584:Bronchial
2332:Hay fever
2301:Sinusitis
2213:RADIO/782
2208:eMedicine
2040:Radiology
1964:Radiology
1750:6 January
1595:Radiology
1455:Radiology
1135:Footnotes
1046:(SPECT).
1042:(MRI) or
853:Low risk
819:Low risk
769:pneumonia
746:Diagnosis
522:hamartoma
516:Areas of
486:emphysema
480:diameter.
346:or other
267:nocardial
259:pneumonia
235:granuloma
212:melanomas
165:prognosis
141:malignant
137:hamartoma
133:granuloma
49:Specialty
3674:Category
3571:Melanoma
3561:Lymphoma
3420:Lower RT
3363:Upper RT
3299:COVID-19
3092:BOOP-COP
3059:Broncho-
3002:Chemical
2790:Talcosis
2711:fibrosis
2564:Lower RT
2317:Rhinitis
2264:Upper RT
2095:10682771
2025:22214970
1984:18235105
1949:17409830
1914:17412254
1879:11180735
1839:22814873
1796:20008690
1714:12527568
1673:Medscape
1650:25310422
1615:16567482
1575:29143191
1475:28240562
1419:24409361
1370:25019431
1332:20955880
1297:18402653
1241:12815140
1203:33778533
1123:See also
1103:Excision
1083:cytology
953:PET scan
933:nodules
931:Multiple
848:Multiple
583:subsolid
492:fibrosis
374:Location
352:asbestos
350:such as
302:hematoma
216:sarcomas
200:lymphoma
118:CT scans
3556:Sarcoma
3429:Trachea
2611:chronic
2537:trachea
2413:pharynx
2293:sinuses
2167:D003074
2060:8628859
1830:3590883
1787:4635397
1566:5825309
1410:3886686
1288:2373300
1194:7977753
962:FDG-PET
850:nodules
783:CT scan
617:nodule.
489:and/or
380:or the
378:fissure
152:smokers
97:in the
93:, is a
3625:Pleura
3400:Larynx
3351:Cancer
2980:Fungal
2634:Asthma
2447:larynx
2376:tonsil
2202:000071
2156:793.11
2093:
2058:
2023:
1982:
1947:
1912:
1877:
1837:
1827:
1794:
1784:
1712:
1648:
1613:
1573:
1563:
1473:
1417:
1407:
1368:
1330:
1295:
1285:
1271:: 93.
1239:
1201:
1191:
1056:biopsy
990:PET-CT
894:nodule
892:Single
830:PET-CT
816:nodule
814:Single
477:Growth
388:Margin
382:pleura
304:or an
239:nodule
181:nipple
171:Causes
163:. The
144:cancer
129:benign
125:nodule
56:
3115:Other
3064:Lobar
3015:Lipid
2936:Viral
2835:Other
2597:acute
2574:LRTIs
2499:(LPR)
2477:(LPR)
2455:Croup
2435:(LPR)
2269:URTIs
2178:29456
2137:J98.4
1809:Chest
1694:Chest
358:, or
289:, or
245:or a
89:) or
3546:Non-
3447:Lung
3294:SARS
3097:NSIP
2842:ARDS
2643:AERD
2618:COPD
2404:Neck
2309:nose
2284:Head
2162:MeSH
2151:9-CM
2091:PMID
2056:PMID
2021:PMID
1980:PMID
1945:PMID
1910:PMID
1875:PMID
1859:JAMA
1835:PMID
1792:PMID
1752:2013
1710:PMID
1646:PMID
1611:PMID
1571:PMID
1471:PMID
1415:PMID
1366:PMID
1328:PMID
1293:PMID
1237:PMID
1199:PMID
366:Size
300:, a
226:and
150:and
123:The
99:lung
95:mass
81:. A
79:lung
3087:DIP
3082:UIP
3074:IIP
2147:ICD
2141:R91
2128:ICD
2083:doi
2048:doi
2044:198
2011:doi
1972:doi
1968:246
1937:doi
1902:doi
1867:doi
1863:285
1825:PMC
1817:doi
1813:143
1782:PMC
1774:doi
1770:169
1702:doi
1698:123
1638:doi
1603:doi
1599:239
1561:PMC
1553:doi
1463:doi
1459:284
1405:PMC
1397:doi
1358:doi
1320:doi
1283:PMC
1273:doi
1229:doi
1225:348
1189:PMC
1181:doi
1111:or
1062:or
1006:FDG
320:or
285:or
273:or
218:or
187:or
135:or
87:SPN
73:or
3676::
3102:RB
2211::
2200::
2176::
2165::
2154::
2139:,
2135::
2132:10
2089:.
2079:20
2077:.
2054:.
2042:.
2019:.
2007:25
2005:.
2001:.
1978:.
1966:.
1943:.
1931:.
1908:.
1896:.
1873:.
1861:.
1849:^
1833:.
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1807:.
1790:.
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1974::
1951:.
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