579:, which means "night songstress". Early writers assumed the female sang when it is in fact the male. The song is loud, with an impressive range of whistles, trills and gurgles. Its song is particularly noticeable at night because few other birds are singing. This is why its name includes "night" in several languages. Only unpaired males sing regularly at night, and nocturnal song probably serves to attract a mate. Singing at dawn, during the hour before sunrise, is assumed to be important in defending the bird's territory. Nightingales sing even more loudly in urban or near-urban environments, in order to overcome the background noise. The most characteristic feature of the song is a loud whistling crescendo that is absent from the song of its close relative, the
814:
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In the U.K., the bird is at the northern limit of its range which has contracted in recent years, placing it on the red list for conservation. Despite local efforts to safeguard its favoured coppice and scrub habitat, numbers fell by 53 percent between 1995 and 2008. A survey conducted by the
British
729:
era the bird's symbolism changed once more: poets viewed the nightingale not only as a poet in his own right, but as “master of a superior art that could inspire the human poet”. For some romantic poets, the nightingale even began to take on qualities of the muse. The nightingale has a long history
730:
with symbolic associations ranging from "creativity, the muse, nature's purity, and, in
Western spiritual tradition, virtue and goodness." Coleridge and Wordsworth saw the nightingale more as an instance of natural poetic creation: the nightingale became a voice of nature.
458:
1068:
and the aforementioned miniseries adaptation joke that, "...while they were eating, for the first time ever, a nightingale (sang/actually did sing) in
Berkeley Square. Nobody heard it over the noise of the traffic, but it was there, right
748:
A poet is a nightingale who sits in darkness and sings to cheer its own solitude with sweet sounds; his auditors are as men entranced by the melody of an unseen musician, who feel that they are moved and softened, yet know not whence or
774:, when one nightingale visited Ukraine. Hearing sad songs from the people, the nightingale sang its song to cheer them up. The people responded with happy songs, and since then, nightingales have visited Ukraine every
920:'s sonnet "To the Nightingale" (1632–33) contrasts the symbolism of the nightingale as a bird for lovers, with the cuckoo as the bird that called when wives were unfaithful to (or "cuckolded") their husbands.
1173:. Baha'is utilise this metaphor to convey how Baha'u'llah's writings are of beautiful quality, much like how the nightingale's singing is revered for its beautiful quality in Persian music and literature.
556:
Trust for
Ornithology in 2012 and 2013 recorded some 3,300 territories, with most of these clustered in a few counties in the southeast of England, notably Kent, Essex, Suffolk, and East and West Sussex.
801:, the nightingale's enjoyable song has made it a symbol of the lover who is eloquent, passionate, and doomed to love in vain. In Persian poetry, the object of the nightingale's affections is the
676:" also evokes the common nightingale's song (and the myth of Philomela and Procne). Because of the violence associated with the myth, the nightingale's song was long interpreted as a lament.
459:
571:
Common nightingales are so named because they frequently sing at night as well as during the day. The name has been used for more than 1,000 years, being highly recognisable even in its
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679:
The common nightingale has also been used as a symbol of poets or their poetry. Poets chose the nightingale as a symbol because of its creative and seemingly spontaneous song.
60:
457:
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421:, at 15–16.5 cm (5.9–6.5 in) length. It is plain brown above except for the reddish tail. It is buff to white below. The sexes are similar. The eastern
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2107:
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1039:" (1939) was one of the most popular songs in Britain during World War II. In 2004, the song was featured in an episode of series 2 of the Channel 4 sitcom
1251:
Multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of Old World chats and flycatchers reveals extensive paraphyly at family, subfamily and genus level (Aves: Muscicapidae)
738:" pictures the nightingale as an idealized poet who has achieved the poetry that Keats longs to write. Invoking a similar conception of the nightingale,
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naturalist's recording of a nightingale singing in a garden as warplanes flew overhead. The recording is featured in a song on the album.
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as "one of our shorter
English lyrics that still seems to me... the nearest to perfection, the one I would surrender last of all" and by
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2300:
407:
1338:
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1848:
610:
The common nightingale is an important symbol for poets from a variety of ages, and has taken on a number of symbolic connotations.
559:
By contrast, the
European breeding population is estimated at between 3.2 and 7 million pairs, giving it green conservation status (
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873:) for the rose is widely used as a metaphor for the poet's love for the beloved and the worshiper's love for God in classical
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A recording of nightingale song is included, as directed by the score, in "The Pines of
Janiculum", the third movement of
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2003:
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2018:
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453:, and a great deal of poetry. However, historically most people were not aware that female nightingales do not sing.
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437:. The song of the male nightingale has been described as one of the most beautiful sounds in nature, inspiring
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930:", printed in 1798, disputes the traditional idea that nightingales are connected to the idea of melancholy.
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632:(one of whom, depending on the myth's version, is turned into a nightingale). This myth is the focus of
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1731:
Walker, Stuart (2012). "The Object of
Nightingales: Design Values for a Meaningful Material Culture".
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652:, includes the most popular version of this myth, imitated and altered by later poets, including
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1826:. Association of Ukrainians in Great Britain, Ltd. 24 September 1962 – via Google Books.
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uses the nightingale as its namesake to invoke the idea of the nightingale through its song.
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wrote a rag called "Ragtime
Nightingale" that was intended to imitate the nightingale calls.
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48:
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which embodies both the perfection of earthly beauty and the arrogance of that perfection.
380:) - The Caucasus and eastern Turkey to southwestern Iran and Iraq, wintering in East Africa
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2007:
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Dimitrova, Z. M.; Murai, Éva; Georgiev, Boyko B. (1995). "The first record in
Hungary of
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903:" is a Middle English love poem, extolling the beauty and lost love of an unknown maiden.
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Shakespeare compares his love poetry to the song of the common nightingale (Philomel):
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418:
2057:"Bahá'í Reference Library - Gleanings From the Writings of Bahá'u'lláh, Pages 264-270"
2038:
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1124:, the monster compares Safie's singing voice to that of a "nightingale in the woods".
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Okulewicz and Maruszewski, 1980 (Acanthocephala), with new data on its morphology".
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1019:(1914), on the Hans Christian Andersen story and later prepared a symphonic poem,
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The love of the nightingale (a conventional cultural substitution for the Persian
58:
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as "one of the final masterpieces of human work in all time and for all ages".
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370:) - Western Europe, North Africa and Asia Minor, wintering in tropical Africa
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The song of the nightingale is one of the main elements in the 2019 single "
1107:(춘앵전). The dance initially was performed by a female dancer of the court of
853:
633:
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508:
278:
161:
121:
2305:
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786:
observed that "even the memory of the nightingale's song makes man happy."
532:
more than 20 days/year on which temperatures exceed 25 °C (77 °F)
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and in 2019, it featured as the closing song of the Amazon/BBC miniseries
2172:
2123:
1579:
Chandler, Albert R. (1934), "The Nightingale in Greek and Latin Poetry",
1176:
Nightingales are mentioned in much of Baha'u'llah's works, including the
615:
489:
293:
181:
141:
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1609:(Signet Classic ed.), New York, NY: Penguin Group, pp. 32–59,
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620:
500:
433:) have paler upper parts and a stronger face-pattern, including a pale
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870:
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compares the mourning of Orpheus to the “lament of the nightingale”.
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1642:
1587:(2), The Classical Association of the Middle West and South: 78–84,
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1710:
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492:. The distribution is more southerly than the very closely related
2274:
941:
812:
611:
499:. It nests on or near the ground in dense vegetation. Research in
455:
406:
398:
353:
328:
304:. It belongs to a group of more terrestrial species, often called
940:(1808), the "Pastoral Symphony", includes in its second movement
2139:
1872:. Vol. IV. London and New York: Routledge. pp. 336–338
863:
802:
794:
643:
281:
151:
2153:
2110:(PDF; 3.7 MB) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze
1903:. Vol. 11. London and New York: Routledge. pp. 52–57
1380:
The Female Sublime from Milton to Swinburne: Bearing Blindness
1188:, and the untranslated Tablet of the Nightingale and the Owl.
820:
depicting movement of a nightingale, a solo Korean court dance
390:) - The Aral Sea to Mongolia, wintering in coastal East Africa
1249:
George Sangster, Per Alström, Emma Forsmark, Urban Olsson.
1078:, nightingales are closely associated with the characters
1253:. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 57 (2010) 380–392
1840:
Nikolai Gogol: Between Ukrainian and Russian Nationalism
1629:
Shippey, Thomas (1970), "Listening to the Nightingale",
770:. One legend tells how nightingales once only lived in
476:
insectivorous species breeding in forest and scrub in
1697:
Doggett, Frank (1974), "Romanticism's Singing Bird",
1663:
Doggett, Frank (1974), "Romanticism's Singing Bird",
1337:. London, United Kingdom: Christopher Helm. pp.
1100:
Nightingale was an inspiration of the creation of a
583:(Luscinia luscinia). It has a frog-like alarm call.
2162:
975:The beauty of the nightingale's song is a theme in
417:The common nightingale is slightly larger than the
284:which is best known for its powerful and beautiful
1297:
1263:
1229:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22709696A111760622.en
30:"Nightingale" redirects here. For other uses, see
1984:"Hans Christian Andersen : The Nightingale"
856:is transformed into a nightingale, according to
693:both evoke the bird's song as a form of poetry.
296:, but is now more generally considered to be an
1384:, Manchester University Press, 2001, pp. 26–29
896:poem about an argument between these two birds.
710:"Our love was new, and then but in the spring,
316:"Nightingale" is derived from "night" and the
1500:. British Trust for Ornithology. 16 July 2010
1429:"Themes from Birds of Conservation Concern 4"
1001:
288:. It was formerly classed as a member of the
8:
1959:, New York: Worthington Company, p. 221
1770:, Boston, MA: Ginn & Company, p. 11
1699:SEL: Studies in English Literature 1500–1900
1665:SEL: Studies in English Literature 1500–1900
1334:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
1165:The nightingale is used symbolically in the
755:The Jewish Teen Choir "HaZamir" or הזמיר in
719:And stops his pipe in growth of riper days:"
1498:"Birdfacts — British Trust for Ornithology"
1478:. British Trust for Ornithology. 9 May 2012
507:of nightingales was defined by a number of
2150:
1837:Bojanowska, Edyta M. (24 September 2018).
229:
83:
56:
47:
38:
2140:Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
2124:Nightingale song and behavioural ecology
1227:
837:, "Nightingale") is a minor character in
713:When I was wont to greet it with my lays;
1364:British wildlife recordings: Nightingale
716:As Philomel in summer's front doth sing,
2129:Nightingale videos, photos & sounds
1196:
950:featured the nightingale's song in the
1454:"Nightingale population fallen by 50%"
539:less than 750 millimetres (30 in)
1150:An operator in the mobile video game
1037:A Nightingale Sang in Berkeley Square
515:less than 400 m (1,300 ft)
7:
2559:Taxa named by Christian Ludwig Brehm
2345:08e62546-4c85-4146-bf49-92c4b3a03d69
1318:participating institution membership
1284:participating institution membership
928:The Nightingale: A Conversation Poem
742:wrote in his “A Defence of Poetry":
2524:IUCN Red List least concern species
2135:Rose and nightingale in Persian art
1806:"Ukrainian animal and bird symbols"
1637:(1), Duke University Press: 46–60,
1215:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1025:(1917), using music from the opera.
488:. It is not found naturally in the
642:, of which only fragments remain.
25:
1089:A nightingale is depicted on the
914:from High Middle Ages (1100–1300)
1745:10.2752/175470812X13281948975459
1476:"Nightingale survey latest news"
1405:Die Verbreitung der Nachtigall (
944:imitations of nightingale calls.
789:The nightingale is the official
429:) and the Caucasian subspecies (
108:
2028:. – Retrieved on 31 March 2009.
1705:(4), Rice University: 547–561,
1671:(4), Rice University: 547–561,
1456:. British Trust for Ornithology
1361:British Library Sound Archive.
1204:BirdLife International (2017).
463:Song recorded in Devon, England
1766:Bysshe Shelley, Percy (1903),
1607:The Waste Land and Other Poems
892:" (12th or 13th century) is a
358:Distribution map of subspecies
1:
1868:. In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.).
529:above 14 °C (57 °F)
503:found that favoured breeding
1843:. Harvard University Press.
323:, "to sing". The genus name
32:Nightingale (disambiguation)
1949:Swinburne, Algernon Charles
1022:The Song of the Nightingale
890:The Owl and the Nightingale
818:Dance of Spring Nightingale
2575:
2146:, Retrieved June 11, 2007.
1556:Women in the ancient world
1331:Jobling, James A. (2010).
1133:Nightingales & Bombers
970:Algernon Charles Swinburne
964:" (1819) was described by
901:When The Nightingale Sings
834:
603:
586:The bird is a host of the
29:
1853:– via Google Books.
1559:, ABC-CLIO, p. 276,
1305:Oxford English Dictionary
1271:Oxford English Dictionary
1222:: e.T22709696A111760622.
1169:to represent the founder
1128:Manfred Mann's Earth Band
624:, suggesting the myth of
237:
228:
210:
203:
105:Scientific classification
103:
81:
72:
67:
55:
46:
41:
2534:National symbols of Iran
2039:"Arknights: Nightingale"
1521:Apororhynchus silesiacus
1403:Wink, Michael (1973): "
1136:, took its title from a
1097:coin, minted since 1993.
910:", a lai by French poet
593:Apororhynchus silesiacus
468:Distribution and habitat
2554:Birds described in 1831
2081:"Sweet essence of Iran"
1970:Encyclopædia Britannica
1891:Diba, Layla S. (2001).
1864:A'lam, Hushang (2012).
1525:Parasitologia Hungarica
1310:Oxford University Press
1276:Oxford University Press
1130:'s sixth album, 1975's
1102:Korean court solo dance
1013:based his first opera,
977:Hans Christian Andersen
966:Edmund Clarence Stedman
924:Samuel Taylor Coleridge
762:The nightingale is the
2142:(British) Nightingale
2024:June 22, 2009, at the
1866:"BOLBOL "nightingale""
1824:"The Ukrainian Review"
1631:Comparative Literature
1367:, accessed 29 May 2013
1002:
821:
464:
414:
404:
359:
331:for "nightingale" and
2539:Birds of Central Asia
2501:Luscinia-megarhynchos
2470:Paleobiology Database
2194:Luscinia megarhynchos
2164:Luscinia megarhynchos
1967:. Reprinted from the
1581:The Classical Journal
1407:Luscinia megarhynchos
1208:Luscinia megarhynchos
1160:
816:
604:Further information:
600:Cultural connotations
567:Behaviour and ecology
462:
412:Luscinia megarhynchos
410:
402:
374:Caucasian nightingale
357:
274:Luscinia megarhynchos
214:Luscinia megarhynchos
18:Luscinia megarhynchos
2340:Fauna Europaea (new)
1901:Encyclopædia Iranica
1870:Encyclopædia Iranica
1605:Eliot, T.S. (1964),
1376:Maxwell, Catherine.
962:Ode to a Nightingale
934:Ludwig van Beethoven
736:Ode to a Nightingale
590:intestinal parasite
517:above mean sea level
298:Old World flycatcher
196:L. megarhynchos
2061:reference.bahai.org
2001:Ragtime Nightingale
1988:www.andersen.sdu.dk
1768:A Defense of Poetry
1551:Salisbury, Joyce E.
1418:(2/3): 65-80. (PDF)
1308:(Online ed.).
1274:(Online ed.).
1161:In the Baha'i Faith
809:Cultural depictions
618:the nightingale in
484:, and wintering in
384:eastern nightingale
364:western nightingale
75:Conservation status
42:Common nightingale
2006:2010-08-14 at the
1923:Stedman, Edmund C.
1810:proudofukraine.com
1733:Design and Culture
1156:is named after it.
1093:of the Croatian 1
822:
799:Persian literature
654:Chrétien de Troyes
581:thrush nightingale
494:thrush nightingale
486:Sub-Saharan Africa
465:
415:
405:
368:L. m. megarhynchos
360:
265:rufous nightingale
261:common nightingale
252: Non-breeding
2511:
2510:
2457:Open Tree of Life
2156:Taxon identifiers
2108:Ageing and sexing
1616:978-0-451-52684-7
1566:978-1-57607-092-5
1348:978-1-4081-2501-4
1316:(Subscription or
1282:(Subscription or
1182:The Seven Valleys
1114:In Chapter 13 of
988:Ottorino Respighi
497:Luscinia luscinia
460:
257:
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98:
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16:(Redirected from
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1082:and her mother,
1080:Lúthien Tinúviel
1076:J. R. R. Tolkien
1074:In the works of
1005:
952:Mephisto Waltzes
836:
784:Taras Shevchenko
782:. National poet
666:George Gascoigne
658:Geoffrey Chaucer
606:Birds in culture
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2549:Birds of Africa
2544:Birds of Europe
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2017:
2013:
2008:Wayback Machine
1999:
1995:
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1981:
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1643:10.2307/1769299
1628:
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1599:
1578:
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1479:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1459:
1457:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1437:
1435:
1434:. British Birds
1431:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1400:
1399:
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1360:
1356:
1349:
1330:
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1325:
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1296:
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1281:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1248:
1244:
1234:
1232:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1178:Tablet of Ahmad
1163:
1145:Let Nature Sing
1056:Terry Pratchett
1016:The Nightingale
1011:Igor Stravinsky
981:The Nightingale
912:Marie de France
811:
780:Ukrainian songs
608:
602:
588:acanthocephalan
569:
545:lower than 0.35
523:air temperature
470:
456:
397:
352:
314:
253:
249:
247:
243:
240:L. megarhynchos
224:
218:
212:
199:
107:
99:
88:
84:
77:
57:
35:
28:
27:Species of bird
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2572:
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2492:
2479:
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2388:
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2327:Fauna Europaea
2323:
2310:
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2235:
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2209:
2199:
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2111:
2103:
2102:External links
2100:
2098:
2097:
2072:
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2030:
2011:
1993:
1975:
1940:
1914:
1893:"Gol o bolbol"
1883:
1856:
1849:
1829:
1815:
1797:
1773:
1758:
1739:(2): 149–170.
1723:
1711:10.2307/449753
1689:
1677:10.2307/449753
1655:
1621:
1615:
1597:
1571:
1565:
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1445:
1420:
1409:) im Rheinland
1393:
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1125:
1112:
1109:Joseon Dynasty
1098:
1087:
1072:
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1033:
1026:
1008:
992:symphonic poem
984:
973:
955:
945:
938:Symphony No. 6
931:
921:
915:
904:
897:
894:Middle English
886:
883:Turkish poetry
867:
851:
810:
807:
797:. In medieval
753:
752:
751:
750:
723:
722:
721:
720:
717:
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711:
674:The Waste Land
646:, too, in his
601:
598:
568:
565:
553:
552:
546:
540:
533:
530:
527:growing season
519:
469:
466:
431:L. m. africana
419:European robin
396:
393:
392:
391:
381:
378:L. m. africana
371:
351:
348:
342:, "great" and
313:
310:
277:), is a small
255:
254:
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246: Breeding
242:
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2087:. 22 May 2014
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2015:
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1958:
1954:
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1265:"Nightingale"
1259:
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1009:
1006:
1004:
998:
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996:Pines of Rome
993:
989:
985:
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978:
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909:
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891:
887:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
865:
862:(book VI) of
861:
860:
859:Metamorphoses
855:
852:
849:
848:
844:
840:
832:
831:Ancient Greek
828:
824:
823:
819:
815:
808:
806:
804:
800:
796:
792:
791:national bird
787:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
764:national bird
760:
758:
747:
746:
745:
744:
743:
741:
737:
733:
728:
718:
715:
712:
709:
708:
707:
706:
705:
703:
698:
696:
692:
688:
687:
682:
677:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
650:
649:Metamorphoses
645:
641:
640:
635:
631:
627:
623:
622:
617:
613:
607:
599:
597:
595:
594:
589:
584:
582:
578:
574:
566:
564:
562:
561:least concern
557:
551:
547:
544:
543:aridity index
541:
538:
537:precipitation
534:
531:
528:
524:
520:
518:
514:
513:
512:
510:
506:
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495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
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454:
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448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
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409:
401:
394:
389:
385:
382:
379:
375:
372:
369:
365:
362:
361:
356:
349:
347:
345:
341:
338:
337:Ancient Greek
334:
330:
326:
322:
319:
311:
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
280:
276:
275:
270:
266:
262:
241:
236:
232:
227:
222:
217:
215:
209:
206:
205:Binomial name
202:
198:
197:
192:
189:
188:
185:
184:
180:
177:
176:
173:
170:
167:
166:
163:
162:Passeriformes
160:
157:
156:
153:
150:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
136:
133:
130:
127:
126:
123:
120:
117:
116:
111:
106:
102:
96:
91:
90:Least Concern
80:
76:
71:
66:
54:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
2163:
2089:. Retrieved
2085:gulfnews.com
2084:
2075:
2064:. Retrieved
2060:
2051:
2043:Gamepress.gg
2042:
2033:
2014:
1996:
1987:
1978:
1968:
1961:, retrieved
1957:Miscellanies
1956:
1943:
1934:
1930:
1917:
1905:. Retrieved
1900:
1886:
1874:. Retrieved
1869:
1859:
1839:
1832:
1818:
1809:
1800:
1789:. Retrieved
1785:
1776:
1767:
1761:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1702:
1698:
1692:
1668:
1664:
1658:
1634:
1630:
1624:
1606:
1600:
1584:
1580:
1574:
1555:
1545:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1514:
1502:. Retrieved
1492:
1480:. Retrieved
1470:
1458:. Retrieved
1448:
1436:. Retrieved
1423:
1415:
1412:
1406:
1396:
1379:
1372:
1363:
1357:
1333:
1326:
1303:
1292:
1269:
1258:
1245:
1233:. Retrieved
1219:
1213:
1207:
1199:
1186:Hidden Words
1175:
1167:Baha'i Faith
1164:
1151:
1138:World War II
1131:
1121:Frankenstein
1119:
1116:Mary Shelley
1105:Chunaengjeon
1063:
1046:
1040:
1020:
1014:
1003:Pini di Roma
1000:
994:
983:" from 1843.
857:
845:
843:Attic comedy
839:Aristophanes
826:
817:
788:
761:
754:
724:
699:
684:
681:Aristophanes
678:
647:
637:
619:
609:
591:
585:
576:
570:
558:
554:
509:geographical
496:
471:
430:
426:
416:
411:
388:L. m. golzii
387:
383:
377:
373:
367:
363:
343:
339:
333:megarhynchos
332:
324:
320:
315:
302:Muscicapidae
273:
272:
268:
264:
260:
258:
239:
213:
211:
195:
194:
182:
172:Muscicapidae
36:
2366:iNaturalist
2188:Wikispecies
2144:Nightingale
2019:1 Kuna Coin
1931:The Century
1907:15 November
1401:(in German)
1235:13 November
1171:Baha'u'llah
1060:Neil Gaiman
1030:Joseph Lamb
948:Franz Liszt
918:John Milton
725:During the
691:Callimachus
636:' tragedy,
573:Old English
525:during the
443:fairy tales
435:supercilium
427:L. m. golzi
395:Description
318:Old English
269:nightingale
2518:Categories
2496:Xeno-canto
2120:repository
2118:Xeno-canto
2091:2021-01-21
2066:2021-01-21
1963:2008-10-08
1791:2024-04-12
1413:Charadrius
1390:0719057523
1320:required.)
1286:required.)
1192:References
1065:Good Omens
1048:Good Omens
979:'s story "
958:John Keats
841:'s 414 BC
732:John Keats
702:Sonnet 102
670:T.S. Eliot
662:John Gower
548:no closed
482:Palearctic
423:subspecies
350:Subspecies
267:or simply
1753:145281245
1531:: 83–88.
1153:Arknights
1111:, Mudong.
1062:'s novel
1042:Peep Show
1028:In 1915,
854:Philomela
847:The Birds
686:The Birds
634:Sophocles
626:Philomela
577:nihtegale
511:factors.
474:migratory
335:is from
312:Etymology
279:passerine
238:Range of
190:Species:
128:Kingdom:
122:Eukaryota
2529:Luscinia
2410:22709696
2384:10860275
2254:bob11040
2218:22709696
2213:BirdLife
2202:BioLib:
2173:Wikidata
2131:on eBird
2022:Archived
2004:Archived
1951:(1886),
1925:(1884),
1553:(2001),
1537:82191853
1504:20 April
1482:20 April
1460:20 April
1438:18 March
1069:enough."
990:'s 1924
778:to hear
727:Romantic
490:Americas
480:and the
472:It is a
346:"bill".
344:rhunkhos
325:Luscinia
294:Turdidae
183:Luscinia
168:Family:
142:Chordata
138:Phylum:
132:Animalia
118:Domain:
95:IUCN 3.1
2358:7660710
2280:comnig1
2241:comnig1
2116:in the
1953:"Keats"
1927:"Keats"
1899:(ed.).
1651:1769299
1593:3289944
1341:, 245.
1091:reverse
908:Laüstic
875:Persian
768:Ukraine
740:Shelley
621:Odyssey
614:evokes
535:annual
505:habitat
501:Germany
292:family
178:Genus:
158:Order:
148:Class:
93: (
2475:369341
2462:961118
2436:383689
2397:560897
2314:EURING
2293:LUSCME
2179:Q25393
1876:2 July
1847:
1782:"Home"
1751:
1719:449753
1717:
1685:449753
1683:
1649:
1613:
1591:
1563:
1535:
1388:
1345:
1299:"Gale"
1184:, The
1084:Melian
954:No. 1.
871:bulbul
776:spring
757:Hebrew
695:Virgil
664:, and
639:Tereus
630:Procne
550:canopy
478:Europe
290:thrush
250:
244:
223:, 1831
2379:IRMNG
2371:13079
2332:97174
2319:11040
2301:EUNIS
2275:eBird
2267:3WFW6
2238:BOW:
2231:68517
1937:: 600
1935:XXVII
1895:. In
1786:Zamir
1749:S2CID
1715:JSTOR
1681:JSTOR
1647:JSTOR
1589:JSTOR
1533:S2CID
1432:(PDF)
1314:
1280:
1054:Both
942:flute
835:Ἀηδών
827:Aēdōn
772:India
616:Aëdon
612:Homer
575:form
521:mean
451:books
447:opera
439:songs
340:megas
329:Latin
321:galan
306:chats
221:Brehm
68:Song
2488:9706
2431:NCBI
2405:IUCN
2392:ITIS
2353:GBIF
2306:1128
2288:EPPO
2226:BOLD
2205:8867
1909:2013
1878:2021
1845:ISBN
1635:XXII
1611:ISBN
1561:ISBN
1506:2014
1484:2014
1462:2014
1440:2017
1386:ISBN
1343:ISBN
1237:2021
1220:2017
1095:kuna
1058:and
926:'s "
881:and
879:Urdu
864:Ovid
825:The
803:rose
795:Iran
749:why.
689:and
672:'s "
644:Ovid
628:and
403:Male
327:is
286:song
282:bird
259:The
152:Aves
2483:TSA
2449:295
2418:NBN
2262:CoL
2249:BTO
1741:doi
1707:doi
1703:XIV
1673:doi
1669:XIV
1639:doi
1585:XXX
1411:".
1339:233
1224:doi
1118:'s
960:' "
936:'s
793:of
766:of
734:' "
700:In
683:'s
563:).
2520::
2498::
2485::
2472::
2459::
2446::
2433::
2420::
2407::
2394::
2381::
2368::
2355::
2342::
2329::
2316::
2303::
2290::
2277::
2264::
2251::
2228::
2215::
2190::
2175::
2083:.
2059:.
2041:.
1986:.
1955:,
1933:,
1929:,
1808:.
1784:.
1747:.
1735:.
1713:,
1701:,
1679:,
1667:,
1645:,
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1529:28
1527:.
1302:.
1268:.
1218:.
1212:.
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1147:".
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1007:).
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