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Hydrothermal growth of garnets has been recorded since the 1960s and has now been demonstrated for LuAG as an alternative technique to the traditional melt method employed in the past. This method enables crystals to be grown at lower temperatures, limiting the thermally induced defects which result
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The mass of the lutetium ion is closer to laser-active lanthanides which are used for doping, meaning that the thermal conductivity is not altered as it would be in other garnet structures at higher doping levels. Additionally, the crystal radius of lutetium limits the alterations observed in the
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ions. It can be especially useful for high energy particle detection and quantification on account of its density and thermal stability. This high melting temperature, in addition to the lack of availability of lutetium has made this crystal less commonly used than its fellow garnets, despite its
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The lasing process involving aluminum garnet crystals is carried out by the dopant atoms, usually rare-earth metals, which take the place of a few atoms of the original metal in the crystal structure (in this case lutetium). The role of the unsubstituted atoms of lutetium, aluminum, and oxygen
83:, which results in a higher density producing a crystal field with narrower linewidths and greater energy level splitting in absorption and emission. These properties make it an excellent host for active ions such as Yb, Tm, Er, and Ho employed in diode-pumped
221:
LuAG's growth process is relatively simple due to its crystallographic structure and physiochemical properties. Because of the materials' thermal stability, it requires an apparatus to manage a high power supply and temperatures of up to 2500 ˚C.
217:
growth process. This method allows for the formation of single-crystal cylinders of various scintillators. The method is utilized for the growth of semiconductors, oxides, fluorides, and halide crystals in addition to metal crystals.
68:. Scintillating crystals are selected for high structural perfection, high density and high effective atomic number. LuAG is particularly favored over other crystals for its high density and
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Samples of Ce:LuAG, each faceted as a gemstone for use in jewelry. While LuAG is not grown specifically for the gem trade, industrial scrap is sometimes repurposed into gemstones.
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727:
306:
Moore, Cheryl (2015). "Towards a
Greater Understanding of Hydrothermally Grown Garnets and Sesquioxide Crystals for Laser Applications".
229:
This method was employed without the use of LuAG seed on account of its unavailability and cost. Instead, the growth was performed using
419:
Kuwano, Yasuhiko; Suda, Katsumi; Ishizawa, Nobuo; Yamada, Toyoaki (2004-01-02). "Crystal growth and properties of (Lu,Y)3Al5O12".
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Lutetium aluminum garnet is an artificial crystal that can be grown using a technique developed approximately a century ago, the
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crystals with a minimal lattice mismatch of 0.6%. The growth was done using powdered
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has a complex cubic crystal structure. The unit cell contains 24 lutetium atoms in
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The density of the lutetium crystal is greater than that of other metals, such as
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Kiss, Z. J.; Pressley, R. J. (1966-10-01). "Crystalline Solid Lasers".
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LuAG is a dopable scintillating crystal that will demonstrate
459:"Czochralski Growth and Properties of Scintillating Crystals"
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Lutetium aluminum garnet, with the molecular formula Lu
53:devices. LuAG is also useful in the synthesis of
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457:Yoshikawa, A.; Chani, V.; Nikl, M. (2013).
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226:in expanses of optically useless crystal.
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253:function as support for the dopant ions.
244:with a thermal gradient of 610 - 640 ˚C.
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237:and crushed sapphire feedstock with 2M
139:crystal structure with doping present.
333:"Lutetium Aluminum Garnet - LuAG - Lu
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103:Physical properties and structure
308:Clemson University Tiger Prints
99:favorable physical properties.
441:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2003.08.060
72:. LuAG has a relatively small
1:
143:Physical properties of LuAG
76:in comparison to the other
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484:10.12693/aphyspola.124.250
127:sites, and aluminum in 16
123:sites, 96 oxygen atoms in
537:
421:Journal of Crystal Growth
268:Gadolinium yttrium garnet
263:Gadolinium gallium garnet
273:Yttrium aluminium garnet
231:yttrium aluminium garnet
463:Acta Physica Polonica A
349:scientificmaterials.com
37:, molecular formula Lu
33:(commonly abbreviated
24:
239:potassium bicarbonate
22:
70:thermal conductivity
55:transparent ceramics
820:Aluminium compounds
475:2013AcPPA.124..250Y
433:2004JCrGr.260..159K
390:10.1364/ao.5.001474
382:1966ApOpt...5.1474K
316:2015PhDT.......308M
278:Yttrium iron garnet
235:lutetium(III) oxide
144:
840:Synthetic minerals
830:Lutetium compounds
531:Lutetium compounds
167:Crystal structure
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85:solid-state lasers
28:Lutetium aluminum
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16:Inorganic compound
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178:851.81 g/mol
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352:. Retrieved
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248:Applications
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62:luminescence
59:
34:
27:
26:
242:mineralizer
215:Czochralski
202:0.419 J/gK
814:Categories
354:2016-04-29
284:References
186:6.71 g/cm
78:rare-earth
66:excitation
398:1539-4522
209:Synthesis
406:20057583
257:See also
194:1980 ˚C
183:Density
728:Yb:LuVO
471:Bibcode
429:Bibcode
378:Bibcode
312:Bibcode
135:sites.
92:yttrium
81:garnets
835:Oxides
626:Lu(OH)
404:
396:
170:Cubic
96:dopant
64:after
30:garnet
736:LuTaO
684:Lu(NO
594:Lu(IO
558:Lu(CH
51:laser
784:Lu(C
744:Lu(C
586:LuBr
578:LuCl
562:COO)
402:PMID
394:ISSN
35:LuAG
772:LuN
700:(CO
672:(SO
639:LuP
634:LuN
606:LuI
570:LuF
479:doi
467:124
437:doi
425:260
386:doi
117:12,
816::
790:16
786:32
778:14
770:72
766:52
712:Lu
696:Lu
668:Lu
660:Te
656:Lu
648:Se
644:Lu
614:Lu
552:12
546:Al
542:Lu
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449:^
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423:.
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384:.
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347:.
343:12
337:Al
324:^
310:.
292:^
161:12
155:Al
151:Lu
111:Al
87:.
57:.
47:12
41:Al
798:2
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794:8
792:N
788:H
776:O
774:5
768:H
764:C
758:3
756:)
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752:O
750:7
748:H
746:5
738:4
730:4
722:7
720:O
718:2
716:V
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618:O
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133:d
129:a
125:h
121:c
115:O
113:5
109:3
45:O
43:5
39:3
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