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predominate with an abundance of violets, blues and ochres. Weis mastered the art of capturing the moment, poetically reproducing the misty light of the early morning, the heat of noon or the haze gathering in the valleys at sunset. Little by little reality gave way to less precise, more suggestive images as he concentrated ever more on the essentials. He would rapidly fill out the main lines of his scenes, interpreting them more and more freely until finally his pictures revealed a world of dreams and fantasy.
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557:(1894–1941), considered Luxembourg's most successful painter, was influenced by the Impressionists but developed his own distinctive Expressionist style. In his paintings, the subjects often stand in the foreground as if photographed. His portraits, painted with strong brushstrokes, typically show figures with excessively large noses, sometimes looking like despairing clowns, but always attracting attention. From 1918, Kutter's landscapes and floral works began to present increasingly
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644:. Especially after 1900, his style became brighter and more colourful, reflecting the happiness and beauty of the moments he experienced. Today Seimetz is remembered as a conscientious artist who dominated the Luxembourgish art scene for a considerable time. He was the first Luxembourger to delve into Impressionism and the first, after Nicolas Liez, to paint in the open air. He was also the first who managed to live from art alone.
411:" (1934) contains some of his very best work. His most famous work is his view of the City of Luxembourg from the Fetschenhof, which he drew, painted and lithographed in 1870. It shows the city when the demolition of the fortress had just begun. Despite his attempt to emphasise the fortifications by exaggerating the height of the cliffs and the railway bridge, the painting is a good representation of the city and its skyscape.
873:(The Desert Sweepers), her video projection there, shows street sweepers in their distinctive Paris uniforms pointlessly sweeping away at the desert sand to the soft sound of brooms against asphalt. The second major work, "The Echo", also a video, depicts an Alpine scene in which a tiny figure plays the cello, the simple sounds of the instrument being reflected by the mountains.
393:. Fresez also produced portraits clearly depicting not just lively facial features but also the figure's clothing including, for example, the transparency of the lace. His landscapes, which he began to publish as early as 1826, were also of considerable artistic merit. In 1855, he published his famous
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paintings, many of which were self-portraits. Tissen aimed to spread art to all parts of society in order to "elevate the spirit of man" as he put it. While his postage stamps, posters and the logo for the emergency services have become part of
Luxembourg's collective memory, his close attachment to
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building. His earlier paintings, up to 1900, show the influence of his architectural interests, as buildings are depicted with accurate but rather boring precision. Thereafter, his own romantic post-Impressionist style begins to emerge, especially in his work from 1915 to 1945. His warm colours
55:
and its fortifications from the end of the 16th until the beginning of the 19th century, although these too were mostly created by foreign artists. Real interest in art among the country's own citizens began in the 19th century with paintings of
Luxembourg and the surroundings after the country
209:
under the direction of Abbot
Humbert. The refined Echternach style of painting is characterized by rich colouring, clear shapes and careful accentuation of the figures, interpreting the art of the Master of Trier with considerable originality. The Echternach illuminators drew on the style and
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407:(1809–1892), who had been one of Fresez' students, was a painter, sculptor and architect. He is remembered above all for his lithographs of scenes throughout the Grand Duchy and for his oil painting of the City of Luxembourg. His collection of lithographs published in "
576:(1874–1919) whose paintings became increasingly uplifting, full of bright light and often depicting a young woman clothed in white. Using short brushstrokes, he would make abundant use of blues and greens. In 1912–13, he began to adopt the pure colouring favoured by
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or little men, many of them self-portraits constituting a one-man comedy. The symbols he uses guide the spectator to the extensive workings of his imagination. All in all, his work reveals his search for what he called "the truth which is beauty and sincerity".
777:(1903–1963), together with Joseph Kutter, is considered one of Luxembourg's most prominent painters. It was in 1950 that he first started to paint in the geometric style of abstract art, leading him in 1954 to be one of the founding members and spokesman of the
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A considerable number of sculptures and statues have been found in the ruins of Roman villas in various parts of
Luxembourg, but the outstanding artistic treasure of the period is the Vichten mosaic which depicts the ancient Greek
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569:'s representation of almost the same scene. Although Kutter spent a number of years in Germany, his work was most influenced by trends in France and Belgium. He was one of the founders of the Luxembourg secessionist movement.
562:
622:, where he painted many pictures of the bridge over the river. Both his landscapes and his still lifes are distinctive in their bright colouring and their solid strokes focusing firmly on the main subjects.
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It was at the beginning of the 19th century that
Luxembourgish artists finally began to acquire a spirit of nationalism resulting in works emphasizing the beauty of the city and the country as a whole.
51:'s churches and castles have housed a number of cultural artefacts but these are nearly all ascribed to foreign artists. The first examples of art with a national flavour are paintings and maps of the
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is a good example of his
Expressionist style with the houses stacked behind one another, the cubic form of the buildings and the exaggerated strength of the fortifications, so different from
417:(1851–1901) was an illustrator, painter and art teacher who is principally remembered for his sketches of the fortifications of Luxembourg City although he also painted a few watercolours.
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is an excellent illustration of his characteristic aversion to industrialization. There is no sign of factories or workmen's housing in the idyllic countryside surrounding the town.
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but is also a talented abstract painter. Graas has always taken an active interest in art, producing paintings and works of sculpture. When studying in Paris, he met several
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885:, which was founded in 1893 and still thrives today. It brings together artists of all types with a view to supporting artistic work and art education. In 1926, a number of
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containing extremely detailed compositions, many of them depicting
Luxembourg's most beautiful views. His works are of great documentary value, especially those of the
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670:(Golden Woman) sculpture crowning the Monument of Remembrance obelisk (1923), raised in memory of the Luxembourg soldiers who died for their country in the
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In the 19th century, two well-known foreigners made important contributions to the art of
Luxembourg. The first was the English Pre-impressionist painter
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and its surroundings. He also worked as an architect, designing some of
Luxembourg's most imposing buildings including the central post office and the
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483:(1802–1885), the French author, visited Luxembourg on several occasions. In 1871, he made a number of drawings of Luxembourg's castles, including
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whose impressive abstract works in bronze and marble can be found not just in public places in
Luxembourg but in the surrounding countries too.
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his native Rumelange and the area's Red Rocks can be seen in his landscapes and engravings. The most typical part of his work is however the
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479:(1775–1851) who visited Luxembourg during extended study trips in 1825 and 1834 leaving many watercolours of the city and the surroundings.
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767:, it was not until the early 1960s when he substituted acrylics for oils that he truly mastered the style. One of his most notable works,
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1979:
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1989:
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businessman and painter who has not only played a major role in the development of Luxembourg-based radio and television concern
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can be traced back to Roman times, especially as depicted in statues found across the country and in the huge mosaic from
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389:(1800–1867) was the most important artist of the period, remembered above all for his almost photographic images of the
72:. Today there are a number of successful contemporary artists, some of whom have gained wide international recognition.
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29:
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Perrine Pouget, Alice de Lestrange, Jean-Paul Labourdette, Dominique Auzias: "Luxembourg", Petit Futé, 2008, p. 250
781:, a group of Luxembourgish artists devoted to abstract art. In 1956, he received an honorable mention at the fourth
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which brought modern art to Luxembourg through the important exhibitions they arranged in 1954 and 1959.
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771:(1959), makes use of geometrical forms to represent the internal lines and structures of the topic.
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motifs, with intense lines and strong colours. His painting of "Luxembourg", commissioned for the
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painters from the Paris School with whom he maintained contact. In 1970, he was awarded the
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in Luxembourg. Although Kirscht turned to abstract painting in the 1950s with works such as
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who, in 2003, won the Golden Lion, a prize awarded to the best national participant at the
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614:(1894–1930) is remembered above all for his post-Impressionist paintings of scenes on the
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published the oldest known view of Luxembourg City, a copper engraving that appeared in
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until their aspirations were reconciled with the Cercle in 1930. In 1954, a group of
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Jacques Mersch, "Luxembourg: vues ancienne", Editions Paul Bruck, Luxembourg, 1977.
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2446:
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906:
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314:, drawing on Braun's work, published his "Luxemburgum" in the second volume of his
202:
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over the centuries, most of the others being produced for the Holy Roman Emperor
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1605:"Biennale de Venise: Lion d'or attribué à l'artiste luxembourgeoise Su-Mei Tse"
2522:
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J. Ruiz Mantilla, "El luxemburgués Gust Graas muestra su obra de luz y cosmos"
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628:(1858–1934) was a prolific artist who painted portraits and landscapes in the
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17:
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clearly shows how the sun and colour of the island had influenced his work.
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The first half of the 20th century was a rich period for Luxembourgish art.
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in the early 20th century, the richest period in Luxembourg painting, while
1936:
1766:
640:. His pictures are generally realistic and slightly romantic, bordering on
978:
1904:
2070:
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1242:, La Collection Luxembourgeoise du Musée National d'Histoire et d'Art,
844:
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589:
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was governor of Luxembourg from 1545 until his death in 1604. In 1598,
194:
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44:
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which was completed in 1939 and now stands in the former town hall in
636:, where he painted numerous scenes of the surroundings including the
619:
198:
113:
97:
218:. The Codex Aureus is one of just two manuscripts which was kept at
897:
founded the Luxembourg secessionist movement which presented their
789:
in 1962 and became a member of the arts and literature section of
655:
598:
211:
105:
101:
36:: Stretch of the Moselle at Greiveldange with Stadtbredimus (1930)
28:
674:. His finest work is however considered to be the marble bust of
429:
Jean-Baptiste Fresez: Luxembourg from the Alzette River (c. 1828)
2687:
1647:
100:
decorated with a relief of a hunting scene found in a tomb near
82:
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2284:
2280:
1702:
160:
Relief of the Gallo-Roman goddess Epona, protector of livestock
56:
became a grand duchy in 1815. This was followed by interest in
1369:
Georgette Bisdorff, "Claus Cito, der Bildhauer aus Bascharage"
854:
Closely associated with the post-war artists was the sculptor
310:(Cologne, 1598). Half a century later, the Dutch cartographer
861:
One of the country's most successful contemporary artists is
453:
Nicolas Liez: View of Luxembourg from the Fetschenhof (1870)
292:. The 16th-century work is attributed to the Flemish artist
93:. Other notable artefacts from the second century include a
519:
J. M. W. Turner: Citadel of St Esprit, Luxembourg (c. 1839)
210:
iconography of much older works found in the libraries of
85:. It used to adorn the reception hall of a Roman villa in
409:
Voyage pittoresque à travers le Grand Duché de Luxembourg
326:
where he depicts French troops taking the city in 1649.
1398:
Guy Wagner, "Emile Kirscht: Le chemin de l'abstraction"
650:(1872-1941) painted over 5,000 watercolours, mostly of
441:
Jean-Baptiste Fresez: Vianden near the Bridge (c. 1857)
280:
Mikal Nelson. One of the oldest works relating to the
136:
Vichten mosaic showing Calliope and Homer (c. 270 AD)
104:, a statue and a relief of the Romano-Celtic goddess
350:
Georg Braun, Franz Hogenberg: Luxembourg City (1598)
3021:
2983:
2725:
2642:
2600:
2475:
2327:
2318:
2175:
2118:
2047:
1954:
1847:
1737:
1224:
Centre de Documentation sur les Migrations Humaines
867:
Venice International Exhibition of Contemporary Art
839:. Since his retirement in 1989, he has lived in
694:Frantz Seimetz: Pavilion at Echternach (c. 1904)
979:"Petite histoire du Codex Aureus Epternacensis"
1593:Musée d'Art Moderne Grand Duc Jean, Luxembourg
881:Luxembourg's principal society for art is the
847:, where he continued to paint. His exhibition
799:(1909–1975) is remembered principally for his
751:on paper. In 1954, he was a co-founder of the
588:. He would venture out along the banks of the
572:Another notable painter was the Impressionist
395:Album pittoresque du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg
2703:
2296:
1829:Orders, decorations, and medals of Luxembourg
1714:
8:
785:. He completed two mosaics for Luxembourg's
666:(1882–1965) is remembered above all for the
338:Tobias Verhaecht: La Fontaine (16th century)
1635:, Editions Guy Binsfeld, Luxembourg, 2006.
1306:, Editions Guy Binsfeld, Luxembourg, 2006.
1263:, Editions Guy Binsfeld, Luxembourg, 2006.
1147:"The Champion: (Joseph Kutter - 1894-1941)"
1134:, Editions Guy Binsfeld, Luxembourg, 2006.
1118:, Editions Guy Binsfeld, Luxembourg, 2006.
1102:, Editions Guy Binsfeld, Luxembourg, 2006.
1066:, Editions Guy Binsfeld, Luxembourg, 2006.
1030:, Editions Guy Binsfeld, Luxembourg, 2006.
1002:, Editions Guy Binsfeld, Luxembourg, 2006.
983:Pastorale biblique diocésaine de Luxembourg
706:Dominique Lang: Banks of the Alzette (1915)
543:Victor Hugo: Ruins of Vianden Castle (1871)
2710:
2696:
2688:
2324:
2303:
2289:
2281:
2124:
2053:
1960:
1853:
1721:
1707:
1699:
1500:, Editions Guy Binsfeld, Luxembourg, 2006.
1464:, Editions Guy Binsfeld, Luxembourg, 2006.
1424:, Editions Guy Binsfeld, Luxembourg, 2006.
1317:
1315:
1043:Georgette Bisdorff, "Jean-Baptiste Fresez"
812:series of paintings he referred to as his
374:Van der Meulen: Prise de Luxembourg (1649)
270:Codex Aureus of Echternach: Folio 19 verso
258:Codex Aureus of Echternach: Folio 78 recto
246:Codex Aureus of Echternach: Folio 18 verso
1388:, Editions Guy Binsfeld, Luxembourg 2006.
322:provides another view of Luxembourg from
730:Nico Klopp: Still Life with Fruit (1930)
1375:No 60, 1999. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
951:
901:works at the annual exhibitions of the
718:Nico Klopp: The Bridge at Remich (1925)
684:
632:style. His most fruitful period was in
497:
419:
328:
284:is a tinted pen-and-ink drawing of the
236:
201:. One of the most lavishly illustrated
126:
1485:European Institute of Cultural Routes
465:Michel Engels: Clervaux Castle (1886)
7:
1322:Georgette Bisdorff, "Frantz Seimetz"
1240:Georgette Bisdorff, "Dominique Lang"
205:manuscripts, it was produced at the
89:but can now be seen in Luxembourg's
1631:"Cercle artistique de Luxembourg",
1197:"Kutter and European Expressionism"
1170:Georgette Bisdorff, "Joseph Kutter"
531:Victor Hugo: Schengen Castle (1871)
1353:Musée National d'Histoire et d'Art
1287:Musée National d'Histoire et d'Art
1114:"Turner, Joseph Mallord William",
1079:Georgette Bisdorff, "Nicolas Liez"
963:Musée National d'Histoire et d'Art
507:J. M. W. Turner: Luxembourg (1834)
362:Joan Blaeu: Luxembourg City (1649)
178:Echternach illuminated Gospel Book
91:National Museum of History and Art
68:became the focus of art after the
25:
2066:Belgium–Luxembourg Economic Union
1183:, No 73, 2003, p. 36.
723:
711:
699:
687:
536:
524:
512:
500:
458:
446:
434:
422:
367:
355:
343:
331:
263:
251:
239:
165:
153:
141:
129:
1659:Cercle artistique de Luxembourg
1566:"Art and Culture in Luxembourg"
1553:, Editions Guy Binsfeld, 2006.
883:Cercle artistique de Luxembourg
302:Georg Braun and Franz Hogenberg
998:"Codex Aureus Epternacensis",
849:Mis años en España (1989-2003)
563:1937 World Exposition in Paris
1:
1589:"Su-Mei Tse: air conditioned"
1595:. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
1579:. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
1487:. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
1213:"Dominique Lang (1874-1919)"
1203:. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
1160:. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
1930:Valley of the Seven Castles
1616:Gouvernement luxembourgeois
1460:"Tissen, Foni (Alphonse)",
1349:"Sosthène Weis (1872-1941)"
380:Early Luxembourgish artists
3108:
1622:Retrieved 26 January 2011.
1540:Retrieved 26 January 2011.
1520:Retrieved 26 January 2011.
1451:Retrieved 26 January 2011.
1411:Retrieved 26 January 2011.
1359:Retrieved 26 January 2011.
1339:Retrieved 26 January 2011.
1293:Retrieved 26 January 2011.
1250:Retrieved 26 January 2011.
1230:Retrieved 26 January 2011.
1187:Retrieved 29 January 2011.
1053:Retrieved 26 January 2011.
989:Retrieved 8 February 2011.
969:Retrieved 25 January 2011.
935:Architecture of Luxembourg
401:before it was dismantled.
184:Codex Aureus of Echternach
2249:
2127:
2056:
1963:
1856:
1474:"Foni Tissen (1909-1975)"
1089:Retrieved 26 January 2011
1026:"Frenez, Jean-Baptiste",
940:Photography in Luxembourg
567:J. M. W. Turner
477:J. M. W. Turner
186:is an early 11th-century
1861:Administrative divisions
1276:"Nico Klopp (1894-1930)"
743:(1913–1994) worked with
307:Civitates orbis terrarum
288:or, more correctly, the
148:Bronze statue of Mercury
1792:Second Treaty of London
1685:"Luxemburger Lexikon",
871:Les balayeurs du désert
676:Grand Duchess Charlotte
276:Old views of Luxembourg
2768:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2508:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1777:First Treaty of London
1549:"Wercollier, Lucien",
837:Prix Grand-Duc Adolphe
783:SĂŁo Paulo Art Biennial
608:
399:fortress of Luxembourg
290:Château de la Fontaine
228:German National Museum
47:. Over the centuries,
37:
3092:Culture of Luxembourg
1990:Consultative Assembly
1980:Council of Government
1687:Editions Guy Binsfeld
903:Salon de la SĂ©cession
791:Grand Ducal Institute
736:Post-war contributors
602:
197:versions of the four
32:
2237:World Heritage Sites
1824:Military occupations
1762:Austrian Netherlands
1689:, Luxembourg, 2006.
1496:"Graas, Gust(ave)",
1246:, No 68, 2001.
959:"MosaĂŻque aux Muses"
387:Jean-Baptiste Fresez
2984:States with limited
2603:States with limited
2402:Republic of Ireland
2227:RTL Télé Lëtzebuerg
1995:Diplomatic missions
1968:Chamber of Deputies
1757:Spanish Netherlands
1752:House of Luxembourg
1633:Luxemburger Lexikon
1551:Luxemburger Lexikon
1536:, 29 January 2004.
1498:Luxemburger Lexikon
1462:Luxemburger Lexikon
1422:Luxemburger Lexikon
1420:"Stoffel, Michel",
1386:Luxemburger Lexikon
1304:Luxemburger Lexikon
1302:"Seimetz, Frantz",
1261:Luxemburger Lexikon
1132:Luxemburger Lexikon
1116:Luxemburger Lexikon
1100:Luxemburger Lexikon
1064:Luxemburger Lexikon
1028:Luxemburger Lexikon
1000:Luxemburger Lexikon
318:(Amsterdam, 1649).
226:. It is now in the
207:Abbey of Echternach
2101:Telecommunications
2076:Electricity sector
1915:Luxembourg plateau
1910:Little Switzerland
1772:Belgian Revolution
1653:2017-07-02 at the
1610:2012-03-08 at the
1571:2015-09-24 at the
1479:2011-07-19 at the
1439:2011-07-22 at the
1403:2011-07-19 at the
1327:2011-07-22 at the
1281:2011-07-18 at the
1218:2010-09-29 at the
1175:2011-07-22 at the
1158:P&T Luxembourg
1152:2011-07-18 at the
1098:"Engels, Michel",
823:(1924-2020) was a
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1747:Celtic Luxembourg
1648:"A propos du CAL"
1384:"Emile Kirscht",
1062:"Liez, Nicolas",
919:Lucien Wercollier
856:Lucien Wercollier
618:. Klopp lived in
594:Dudelange en 1917
471:Artistic visitors
110:Dalheim Ricciacum
41:Luxembourgish art
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2986:recognition
2960:Switzerland
2895:Netherlands
2672:Isle of Man
2605:recognition
2573:Switzerland
2432:Netherlands
2061:Accountancy
2015:LGBT rights
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1675:(in French)
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967:(in French)
923:Iconomaques
797:Foni Tissen
779:Iconomaques
761:Composition
753:Iconomaques
680:Differdange
481:Victor Hugo
191:Gospel Book
188:illuminated
116:statues of
66:Abstraction
3076:Categories
2930:San Marino
2890:Montenegro
2870:Luxembourg
2850:Kazakhstan
2753:Azerbaijan
2563:San Marino
2543:Montenegro
2523:Kazakhstan
2498:Azerbaijan
2422:Luxembourg
2217:Newspapers
2142:Euthanasia
2081:Euro coins
1819:Partitions
1807:Occupation
1730:Luxembourg
1445:MediArt.lu
1201:Artline.ro
946:References
909:including
895:Nico Klopp
889:including
863:Su-Mei Tse
825:Luxembourg
821:Gust Graas
810:surrealist
664:Claus Cito
652:Luxembourg
638:Mullerthal
634:Echternach
612:Nico Klopp
485:Larochette
312:Joan Blaeu
220:Echternach
95:terracotta
49:Luxembourg
34:Nico Klopp
3041:Gibraltar
2865:Lithuania
2662:Gibraltar
2417:Lithuania
2147:Languages
2137:Education
2106:Transport
2086:RTL Group
2000:Elections
1925:Red Lands
1866:Districts
1849:Geography
1812:Holocaust
1577:EU2005.lu
1514:Munzinger
755:group of
668:GĂ«lle Fra
605:GĂ«lle Fra
316:Stedeboek
232:Nuremberg
224:Henry III
216:Reichenau
108:found at
76:Antiquity
3061:Svalbard
3046:Guernsey
2993:Abkhazia
2945:Slovenia
2940:Slovakia
2915:Portugal
2773:Bulgaria
2667:Guernsey
2614:Abkhazia
2457:Slovenia
2452:Slovakia
2442:Portugal
2347:Bulgaria
2265:Category
2157:Religion
2020:Military
2010:Monarchy
1956:Politics
1905:Guttland
1891:quarters
1876:Communes
1651:Archived
1608:Archived
1569:Archived
1477:Archived
1437:Archived
1401:Archived
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1325:Archived
1279:Archived
1244:Ons stad
1216:Archived
1181:Ons stad
1173:Archived
1150:Archived
1083:Ons stad
1047:Ons stad
929:See also
921:founded
841:Pollença
765:Automnal
745:acrylics
586:Pissarro
489:Schengen
298:Mansfeld
203:Ottonian
2970:Ukraine
2920:Romania
2880:Moldova
2838:Ireland
2833:Iceland
2828:Hungary
2818:Germany
2813:Georgia
2803:Finland
2798:Estonia
2793:Denmark
2778:Croatia
2763:Belgium
2758:Belarus
2748:Austria
2743:Armenia
2738:Andorra
2733:Albania
2583:Ukraine
2533:Moldova
2518:Iceland
2513:Georgia
2503:Belarus
2493:Armenia
2488:Andorra
2483:Albania
2447:Romania
2397:Hungary
2387:Germany
2377:Finland
2372:Estonia
2367:Denmark
2352:Croatia
2342:Belgium
2337:Austria
2256:Outline
2195:Cuisine
2177:Culture
2120:Society
2071:Benelux
2049:Economy
1871:Cantons
1739:History
1534:El PaĂs
845:Majorca
769:Village
749:gouache
493:Vianden
199:gospels
195:Vulgate
122:Mercury
118:Jupiter
87:Vichten
45:Vichten
3056:Jersey
2998:Kosovo
2965:Turkey
2955:Sweden
2935:Serbia
2925:Russia
2910:Poland
2905:Norway
2885:Monaco
2855:Latvia
2823:Greece
2808:France
2783:Cyprus
2677:Jersey
2619:Kosovo
2578:Turkey
2568:Serbia
2558:Russia
2553:Norway
2538:Monaco
2467:Sweden
2437:Poland
2412:Latvia
2392:Greece
2382:France
2357:Cyprus
2270:Portal
2190:Cinema
2152:People
2025:Police
1942:Rivers
1937:Éislek
1767:ForĂŞts
620:Remich
607:(1923)
582:Renoir
114:bronze
98:goblet
3031:Ă…land
2950:Spain
2875:Malta
2845:Italy
2476:Other
2462:Spain
2427:Malta
2407:Italy
2232:Sport
2207:Music
2091:Steel
1881:Towns
656:Arbed
578:Monet
212:Trier
106:Epona
102:Mamer
83:muses
2200:Wine
917:and
893:and
763:and
747:and
584:and
214:and
182:The
120:and
60:and
2647:and
2185:Art
843:on
829:RTL
230:in
3078::
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