883:
813:
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115:
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1458:
45:
1485:
1467:
1418:
1476:
200:
136:
1024:
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990:
It is most active in bright sun, with males setting up small territories which they will defend vigorously against rival males or any passing insect. Even the shadow of a large bird passing overhead can be enough to elicit a response. Females are pursued and mating usually occurs in vegetation.
836:
780:. The undersides are patterned in a similar way but are paler. The black spots on the forewings are outlined in yellow and the dark colouring is replaced by a pale brownish grey. The hindwings are the same brown/grey colour with small black dots and a narrow orange border. The
839:
843:
842:
838:
837:
844:
1004:
is thought to be tended by ants. There are between two and three broods a year, fewer further north. In exceptionally good years, a fourth brood sometimes occurs in the south and adults can still be seen flying into
November. The species overwinters as a caterpillar.
1500:
999:
The eggs are laid singly and conspicuously on the upperside of food plant leaves and the young caterpillar feeds on the underside of the leaf creating "windows" by leaving the upper epidermis of the leaf untouched. Pupation takes place in the leaf litter and the
841:
1618:
Morris, John G (1862). Synopsis of the described
Lepidoptera of North America Part 1. - Diurnal and Crepuscular Lepidoptera. Compiled for the Smithsonian Institution by John G. Morris, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Washington D.C., 358 pp.
775:
The upperside forewings are a bright orange with a dark outside edge border and with eight or nine black spots. The hindwings are dark with an orange border. Some females also have a row of blue spots inside the orange border and are known as form
1503:
1507:
1506:
1502:
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882:
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1504:
2012:
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1986:
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2248:
794:
2258:
1535:
66:
2218:
2051:
1947:
1768:
1733:
1696:
88:
1084:, although many probably lack reason to be named, and others may merit an elevation of rank to be considered autonomous species:
1417:
162:
2243:
2233:
1760:
1667:
2043:
114:
2110:
1680:
Butterflies of the
Western Ghats, India (including Sri Lanka) - A Biodiversity Assessment of a Threatened Mountain System
2238:
1525:
2025:
1882:
1750:
1484:
1647:
Dempster, J.P. & A.M. Emmet (1990) Lycaena phlaeas (Linnaeus). Pp. 134β139 in A. Maitland Emmet, John Heath
59:
53:
1965:
2128:
1457:
1978:
1555:
199:
70:
1627:
Asher, Jim, Martin Warren, Richard Fox, Paul
Harding, Gaile Jeffcoate & Stephen Jeffcoate (Eds) (2001)
1815:
2056:
1887:
294:
1374:β Nova Scotia and W. to Minnesota, and S. to: Virginia, Montane N Georgia, Missouri, Kansas, N Dakota.
950:
although never, it seems, in large numbers. Its distribution becomes more patchy in northern
England,
2079:
1921:
1853:
1260:
1023:
788:) are usually green, but some have a purple stripe down the middle of the back and along each side.
1659:
1325:
1166:
1095:
144:
2102:
1466:
1205:
2089:
1149:
893:
194:
2017:
1475:
1011:
2149:
1908:
1864:
1764:
1729:
1692:
1445:
1433:
1048:
20:
2066:
1691:. Nature Guides. Bombay, India: World Wide Fund for Nature-India by Oxford University Press.
2228:
1099:
2154:
2136:
1276:
1218:
928:
874:
135:
1973:
1960:
1675:
1256:
1188:
1145:
1128:
967:
911:
29:
2212:
1640:
1040:
931:
species, widespread and common across Europe, Asia, North
America, and also found in
311:
184:
179:
2181:
1913:
932:
19:"Common copper" redirects here. For the other butterfly with this common name, see
28:"Small copper" redirects here. For the other butterfly with this common name, see
1754:
1723:
2115:
2097:
2074:
1999:
1847:
1579:
Boisduval. Annales de la
Societe Entomologique de France. 1852:2(10),291, no. 23
827:
804:
781:
251:
126:
1222:
1081:
979:
746:
261:
1838:
1952:
1934:
1264:
1252:
971:
749:
butterfly family. According to Guppy and
Shepard (2001), its specific name
738:
231:
211:
2030:
2175:
1895:
1874:
1832:
1342:
1309:
1192:
1124:
975:
951:
936:
915:
742:
2195:
2141:
1991:
1592:
L. (Lycaenidae) in North
America with designation of a new subspecies.
1120:
955:
943:
271:
1900:
2004:
1687:
Gay, Thomas; Kehimkar, Isaac David; Punetha, Jagdish
Chandra (1992).
1346:
1313:
1297:
1230:
1153:
1132:
241:
221:
1809:
1939:
1338:
1226:
1217:β N California Sierra Nevada Mts. (Type location) and White Mts.,
1057:
947:
855:
785:
1717:. Gangtok, Sikkim, India: Sikkim Nature Conservation Foundation.
1001:
1926:
1813:
38:
754:
1728:. India, A Lifescape. Hyderabad, India: Universities Press.
1715:
The Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and Their Natural History
1629:
The Millennium Atlas of Butterflies in Britain and Ireland.
1778:
Yoshino, K. (2019). "Description of a new subspecies of
1556:"NatureServe Explorer 2.0 Lycaena phlaeas Little Copper"
1653:
The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland
966:
It is found in a wide variety range of habitats from
2165:
1822:
1682:. Bangalore, India: Centre for Ecological Sciences.
1588:FERRIS, C. D. 1974. Distribution of arctic-alpine
942:It can be found almost anywhere in south/central
1055:) are the two main food plants, although other
1651:The Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland.
1080:. The species is in turn divided into several
1655:vol. 7, part 1. Harley Books, Colchester, UK.
8:
753:is said to be derived either from the Greek
1810:
173:
153:
134:
113:
102:
1806:at Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera
1531:List of butterflies of India (Lycaenidae)
89:Learn how and when to remove this message
1742:Tomlinson, David & Rob Still (2002)
1664:The Identification of Indian Butterflies
52:This article includes a list of general
1547:
1413:
1007:
790:
323:
1607:Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society
7:
1979:2c069614-782e-416f-94e8-824e17bc0c06
1536:List of butterflies of Great Britain
2224:IUCN Red List least concern species
1705:Guppy, C.S. and Shepard, J. (2001)
763:), "to burn up", or from the Latin
58:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
1076:and is the type-species of genus
1756:Butterflies of the Indian Region
1709:British Columbia Museum, Canada.
1498:
1483:
1474:
1465:
1456:
1444:
1432:
1416:
1022:
1010:
900:
881:
862:
834:
811:
793:
198:
43:
1725:Butterflies of Peninsular India
1707:Butterflies of British Columbia
1666:(2nd ed.). Mumbai, India:
1061:species are occasionally used.
1782:from northern Yunnan, China".
1761:Bombay Natural History Society
1668:Bombay Natural History Society
1178:β Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia)
638:Heodes hypophlaeas hypophlaeas
1:
2254:Butterflies described in 1761
1746:. WildGuides, Old Basing, UK.
1303:Lycanea phlaeas pseudophlaeas
606:Chrysophanus phlaeas adrienne
374:Chrysophanus phloeas feildeni
2249:Butterflies of North America
1751:Wynter-Blyth, Mark Alexander
1605:Ballmer, G.R., Pratt, G.F.,
1526:List of butterflies of India
982:and waste ground in cities.
2259:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1722:Kunte, Krushnamegh (2000).
1689:Common Butterflies of India
645:Watson & Comstock, 1920
2275:
2219:NatureServe secure species
1110:β England, Wales, Scotland
1039:Depending on the habitat,
755:
514:Chrysophanus pseudophlaeas
27:
18:
1287:β western Pamir Mountains
1229:border region), northern
418:Lycaena phlaeus chinensis
300:
293:
195:Scientific classification
193:
171:
151:
142:
133:
121:
112:
105:
1631:Oxford University Press.
1560:explorer.natureserve.org
1072:belongs to the subgenus
626:Chrysophanus hypohplaeas
382:Heodes phlaeas coccineus
350:Lycaena phlaeas aestivus
1713:Haribal, Meena (1992).
1408:Emmel & Pratt, 1998
1273:(Grum-Grshimailo, 1890)
1249:(Grum-Grshimailo, 1890)
574:Chrysophanus americanus
542:Polyommatus hypophlaeas
73:more precise citations.
390:Heodes phlaeas flavens
2244:Butterflies of Europe
2234:Butterflies of Africa
1744:Britain's Butterflies
481:Grum-Grshimailo, 1890
469:Grum-Grshimailo, 1890
454:Chrysophanus abbottii
446:Chrysophanus abbottii
438:Chrysophanus arethusa
1974:Fauna Europaea (new)
1635:Darby, Gene (1958).
1221:, southern Siberia,
1148:, northern Siberia,
694:Chrysophanus phlaeas
558:Chrysophanus phlaeas
522:Chrysophanus phlaeas
486:Polyommatus turanica
430:Heodes kuriliphlaeas
358:Polyommatus turcicus
16:Species of butterfly
2239:Butterflies of Asia
1637:What is a Butterfly
1609:43(1), 1989, 59- 65
1326:Ruwenzori Mountains
1265:Tian Shan mountains
1253:Kopet Dag mountains
1167:Kamchatka Peninsula
1096:Republic of Ireland
908:L. p. pseudophlaeas
534:Heodes matsumuranus
474:Polyommatus phlaeas
462:Polyommatus phlaeas
145:Conservation status
1233:(adjacent to Amur)
1160:L. p. kamtschatica
1150:Chukotka Peninsula
1119:β Europe, western
894:Amarante, Portugal
662:Heodes hypophlaeas
650:Heodes hypophlaeas
614:Heodes hypophlaeas
594:Heodes hypophlaeas
529:Thierry-Mieg, 1910
342:Papilio virgaureae
2206:
2205:
2150:Open Tree of Life
1816:Taxon identifiers
1759:. Bombay, India:
1509:
1409:
1400:
1399:(McLachlan, 1878)
1391:
1382:
1373:
1365:
1356:
1336:
1323:
1307:
1295:
1286:
1274:
1250:
1242:β southern Ussuri
1241:
1216:
1215:(Boisduval, 1852)
1212:L. p. hypophlaeas
1203:
1195:(Russian islands)
1186:
1177:
1164:
1143:
1142:Courvoisier, 1911
1131:(type locality =
1118:
1109:
1093:
935:south through to
845:
767:, "to flourish".
718:
717:
710:
702:
690:
678:
670:
658:
646:
634:
622:
610:
602:
590:
582:
570:
554:
550:Lycaena americana
546:
538:
530:
518:
510:
502:
501:Courvoisier, 1911
490:
482:
470:
458:
450:
442:
434:
426:
414:
413:Courvoisier, 1911
402:
394:
386:
378:
370:
366:Heodes hyperborea
362:
354:
346:
338:
330:
320:
188:
166:
99:
98:
91:
22:Lycaena salustius
2266:
2199:
2198:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2158:
2157:
2145:
2144:
2132:
2131:
2119:
2118:
2116:NHMSYS0000516465
2106:
2105:
2093:
2092:
2083:
2082:
2070:
2069:
2060:
2059:
2047:
2046:
2034:
2033:
2021:
2020:
2008:
2007:
1995:
1994:
1982:
1981:
1969:
1968:
1956:
1955:
1943:
1942:
1930:
1929:
1917:
1916:
1904:
1903:
1891:
1890:
1878:
1877:
1868:
1867:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1811:
1791:
1774:
1739:
1718:
1702:
1683:
1671:
1644:
1620:
1616:
1610:
1603:
1597:
1594:Bull. Allyn Mus.
1586:
1580:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1552:
1511:
1510:
1487:
1478:
1469:
1460:
1448:
1436:
1420:
1407:
1398:
1389:
1380:
1371:
1363:
1354:
1334:
1321:
1305:
1293:
1284:
1272:
1248:
1239:
1214:
1201:
1199:L. p. gonpaensis
1184:
1175:
1162:
1141:
1116:
1107:
1100:Northern Ireland
1091:
1053:Rumex acetosella
1026:
1014:
904:
885:
866:
847:
846:
824:caeruleopunctata
815:
797:
778:caeruleopunctata
758:
757:
708:
700:
688:
676:
668:
656:
644:
632:
620:
608:
600:
588:
580:
568:
552:
544:
536:
528:
516:
508:
506:Heodes coccineus
500:
488:
480:
468:
456:
448:
440:
432:
424:
412:
400:
398:Heodes ethiopica
392:
384:
376:
368:
360:
352:
344:
336:
328:
318:
306:
203:
202:
182:
177:
176:
160:
157:
156:
138:
117:
103:
94:
87:
83:
80:
74:
69:this article by
60:inline citations
47:
46:
39:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2268:
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2265:
2264:
2263:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2194:
2189:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2167:Papilio phlaeas
2161:
2153:
2148:
2140:
2137:Observation.org
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2127:
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2114:
2109:
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1933:
1925:
1920:
1912:
1907:
1899:
1894:
1886:
1881:
1873:
1871:
1865:Lycaena-phlaeas
1863:
1861:
1854:Lycaena phlaeas
1852:
1851:
1846:
1837:
1836:
1831:
1824:Lycaena phlaeas
1818:
1798:
1790:. Japan: 16β20.
1780:Lycaena phlaeas
1777:
1771:
1749:
1736:
1721:
1712:
1699:
1686:
1676:Gaonkar, Harish
1674:
1658:
1634:
1624:
1623:
1617:
1613:
1604:
1600:
1590:Lycaena phlaeas
1587:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1564:
1562:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1522:
1515:
1514:In Tokyo, Japan
1512:
1499:
1494:
1488:
1479:
1470:
1461:
1452:
1449:
1440:
1437:
1428:
1421:
1405:L. p. alpestris
1369:L. p. americana
1335:(Holland, 1892)
1322:(Poulton, 1922)
1319:L. p. ethiopica
1277:Pamir Mountains
1270:L. p. comedarum
1237:L. p. chinensis
1219:Altai Mountains
1108:Fabricius, 1798
1089:L. p. hibernica
1070:Lycaena phlaeas
1067:
1037:
1030:
1027:
1018:
1015:
997:
988:
968:chalk downlands
964:
925:
918:
910:
905:
896:
892:
886:
877:
875:Buckinghamshire
873:
867:
858:
854:
848:
835:
830:
826:
816:
807:
803:
798:
773:
747:gossamer-winged
731:American copper
722:Lycaena phlaeas
714:
713:
686:caerulopunctata
682:Lycaena phlaeas
677:Fabricius, 1798
586:Lycaena bacchus
545:Boisduval, 1852
494:Lycaena phlaeas
425:Matsumura, 1928
406:Lycaena phlaeas
377:McLachlan, 1878
326:Papilio phlaeas
322:
321:
308:
304:Lycaena phlaeas
302:
289:
286:L. phlaeas
197:
189:
178:
174:
167:
158:
154:
147:
125:
107:Lycaena phlaeas
95:
84:
78:
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65:Please help to
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1961:Fauna Europaea
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1796:External links
1794:
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1770:978-8170192329
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1735:978-8173713545
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1438:
1431:
1429:
1427:, Osaka, Japan
1422:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1402:
1396:L. p. feildeni
1393:
1387:L. p. arctodon
1384:
1378:L. p. arethusa
1375:
1372:(Morris, 1862)
1366:
1361:L. p. coccinea
1358:
1349:
1332:L. p. abbottii
1329:
1316:
1300:
1288:
1282:L. p. stygiana
1279:
1267:
1261:Ghissar-Darvaz
1257:Alai Mountains
1243:
1240:(Felder, 1862)
1234:
1209:
1196:
1189:Kurile Islands
1179:
1176:Gorbunov, 1995
1173:L. p. ganalica
1170:
1163:Gorbunov, 1994
1157:
1146:Ural Mountains
1136:
1129:South Caucasus
1117:Linnaeus, 1761
1111:
1102:
1066:
1063:
1049:sheep's sorrel
1036:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1009:
996:
993:
987:
984:
978:clearings, to
963:
960:
924:
921:
920:
919:
912:Bale Mountains
906:
899:
897:
887:
880:
878:
868:
861:
859:
849:
833:
831:
817:
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808:
799:
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772:
769:
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712:
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703:
701:Blachier, 1908
691:
679:
674:Hesperia eleus
671:
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635:
623:
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569:Strecker, 1878
555:
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531:
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339:
334:Papilio timeus
331:
329:Linnaeus, 1761
317:
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31:Lucia limbaria
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2090:LycaenPhlaeas
2085:
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1643:. p. 34.
1642:
1641:Benefic Press
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1359:
1353:
1352:L. p. flavens
1350:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1306:(Lucas, 1866)
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1294:Gabriel, 1954
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1140:
1139:L. p. polaris
1137:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1115:
1114:L. p. phlaeas
1112:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1092:Goodson, 1948
1090:
1087:
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1046:
1045:Rumex acetosa
1042:
1041:common sorrel
1034:
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895:
890:
889:L. p. phlaeas
884:
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872:
865:
860:
857:
853:taking flight
852:
832:
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748:
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736:
735:common copper
732:
728:
724:
723:
709:Gabriel, 1954
707:
706:Lycaena shima
704:
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695:
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619:
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612:
609:Maynard, 1891
607:
604:
601:Scudder, 1889
599:
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589:Scudder, 1889
587:
584:
579:
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572:
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512:
507:
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487:
484:
479:
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457:Holland, 1896
455:
452:
449:Holland, 1892
447:
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423:
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411:
407:
404:
401:Poulton, 1922
399:
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367:
364:
361:Gerhard, 1853
359:
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348:
345:Scopoli, 1763
343:
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332:
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313:
307:
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296:
295:Binomial name
292:
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192:
186:
181:
180:Least Concern
170:
164:
150:
146:
141:
137:
132:
128:
124:
123:L. p. phlaeus
120:
116:
111:
108:
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101:
93:
90:
82:
79:December 2021
72:
68:
62:
61:
55:
50:
41:
40:
37:
33:
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24:
23:
2166:
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1636:
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1614:
1606:
1601:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1575:
1563:. Retrieved
1559:
1550:
1491:
1424:
1410:β California
1404:
1395:
1390:Ferris, 1974
1386:
1377:
1368:
1364:(Ford, 1924)
1360:
1355:(Ford, 1924)
1351:
1331:
1318:
1302:
1290:
1285:Butler, 1880
1281:
1269:
1246:L. p. oxiana
1245:
1236:
1211:
1206:North Yunnan
1198:
1182:L. p. daimio
1181:
1172:
1159:
1138:
1113:
1104:
1088:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1056:
1052:
1044:
1038:
998:
989:
965:
941:
933:North Africa
926:
907:
888:
870:
850:
823:
819:
800:
782:caterpillars
777:
774:
764:
760:
750:
734:
730:
727:small copper
726:
721:
720:
719:
705:
697:
693:
685:
681:
673:
669:Rummel, 1929
665:
661:
657:Rummel, 1929
653:
649:
641:
637:
630:octomaculata
629:
625:
617:
613:
605:
597:
593:
585:
577:
573:
565:
561:
557:
553:Harris, 1862
549:
541:
533:
525:
521:
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505:
497:
493:
485:
477:
473:
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461:
453:
445:
437:
429:
421:
417:
409:
405:
397:
389:
381:
373:
365:
357:
353:Zeller, 1847
349:
341:
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325:
303:
301:
285:
284:
272:
122:
106:
100:
85:
76:
57:
36:
30:
21:
2098:NatureServe
2000:iNaturalist
1848:Wikispecies
1784:Butterflies
1660:Evans, W.H.
1639:. Chicago:
1490:Subspecies
1423:Subspecies
1401:β Ellesmere
1381:(Dod, 1907)
1328:(SW Uganda)
1291:L. p. shima
1202:(Yoshino, )
1144:β northern
1105:L. p. eleus
1065:Systematics
1035:Host plants
980:churchyards
871:L. p. eleus
851:L. p. eleus
828:Oxfordshire
820:L. p. eleus
805:Oxfordshire
801:L. p. eleus
771:Description
621:Reiff, 1913
581:Hulst, 1886
517:Lucas, 1866
252:Lepidoptera
163:NatureServe
127:Extremadura
71:introducing
2213:Categories
2182:Q109585181
1542:References
1275:β eastern
1082:subspecies
995:Life cycle
689:RΓΌhl, 1895
633:Dean, 1918
598:obliterata
537:Bryk, 1946
509:Ford, 1924
489:RΓΌhl, 1895
433:Bryk, 1942
422:kurilensis
393:Ford, 1924
385:Ford, 1924
369:Ford, 1924
262:Lycaenidae
232:Arthropoda
54:references
1565:3 October
1392:β Montana
1383:β Alberta
1185:(Seitz, )
972:heathland
929:holarctic
743:Lycaenids
739:butterfly
698:oberthuri
578:fulliolus
562:americana
526:menelicki
466:comedarum
441:Dod, 1907
280:Species:
218:Kingdom:
212:Eukaryota
2176:Wikidata
2103:2.113630
2087:MaBENA:
2052:LepIndex
2018:10615347
1896:BugGuide
1872:BioLib:
1862:BAMONA:
1833:Wikidata
1753:(1957).
1678:(1996).
1662:(1932).
1596:18:1-13
1520:See also
1343:Tanzania
1310:Ethiopia
1227:NW China
1225:(Russiaβ
1193:Sakhalin
1187:β south
1169:(Russia)
1125:Caucasus
976:woodland
952:Scotland
937:Ethiopia
927:It is a
916:Ethiopia
566:fasciata
337:Cramer,
319:Synonymy
314:, 1761)
312:Linnaeus
258:Family:
228:Phylum:
222:Animalia
208:Domain:
185:IUCN 3.1
129:, Spain
2229:Lycaena
2196:7398107
1992:1929697
1839:Q740169
1803:Lycaena
1492:phlaeas
1451:Germany
1439:Germany
1357:β Tibet
1208:, China
1121:Siberia
1078:Lycaena
1074:Lycaena
962:Habitat
956:Ireland
944:England
869:female
751:phlaeas
741:of the
737:, is a
498:naruena
410:polaris
273:Lycaena
268:Genus:
248:Order:
242:Insecta
238:Class:
183: (
161: (
159:Secure
67:improve
2129:282391
2057:200881
2044:777788
1966:441185
1940:LYCZPH
1927:262721
1767:
1732:
1695:
1649:et al.
1425:daimio
1347:Malawi
1314:Uganda
1298:Arabia
1231:Ussuri
1154:Russia
1133:Sweden
1047:) and
986:Habits
974:, and
786:larvae
765:floreo
761:phlΓ©go
725:, the
654:fulvus
642:banksi
478:oxiana
56:, but
2064:LoB:
2031:31741
2013:IRMNG
2005:55655
1953:90388
1948:EUNIS
1914:3WJ52
1888:22791
1875:51371
1619:1862.
1339:Kenya
1058:Rumex
1029:Larva
948:Wales
923:Range
856:Japan
818:male
756:ΟΞ»ΞΞ³Ο
733:, or
618:caeca
560:var.
524:var.
476:var.
464:var.
2191:GBIF
2155:6211
2124:NCBI
2080:4251
2075:MONA
2067:4107
2039:ITIS
1987:GBIF
1935:EPPO
1901:3817
1883:BOLD
1765:ISBN
1730:ISBN
1693:ISBN
1567:2020
1223:Amur
1002:pupa
954:and
946:and
891:male
822:ab.
696:ab.
666:neui
664:ab.
652:ab.
640:ab.
628:ab.
596:ab.
576:ab.
564:ab.
420:ab.
2142:712
2111:NBN
2026:ISC
1922:EoL
1909:CoL
1017:Egg
745:or
684:f.
616:f.
496:f.
408:f.
2215::
2193::
2178::
2152::
2139::
2126::
2113::
2100::
2077::
2054::
2041::
2028::
2015::
2002::
1989::
1976::
1963::
1950::
1937::
1924::
1911::
1898::
1885::
1850::
1835::
1788:80
1786:.
1763:.
1558:.
1345:,
1341:,
1337:β
1324:β
1312:,
1308:β
1296:β
1263:,
1259:,
1255:,
1251:β
1204:β
1191:,
1165:β
1127:,
1123:,
1098:,
1094:β
970:,
958:.
939:.
914:,
729:,
1773:.
1738:.
1701:.
1670:.
1569:.
1156:)
1152:(
1135:)
1051:(
1043:(
784:(
759:(
310:(
187:)
165:)
92:)
86:(
81:)
77:(
63:.
34:.
25:.
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