133: = 3 can then be selected by looking for galaxies which appear in optical images (which are sensitive to wavelengths greater than 3600 Å), but do not appear in ultraviolet images (which are sensitive to light at wavelengths shorter than 3600 Å). The technique may be adapted to look for galaxies at other redshifts by choosing different sets of filters—the method works as long as images may be taken through at least one filter above and below the wavelength of the redshifted Lyman limit. In order to confirm the redshift estimated by the color selection, follow-up
1434:
1446:
31:
137:
is performed. Although spectroscopic measurements are necessary to obtain a high-precision redshift, spectroscopy is typically much more time-consuming than imaging, so the selection of candidate galaxies via the Lyman-break technique greatly improves the efficiency of high-redshift galaxy surveys.
141:
The issue of their far-infrared emission is still central to the study of Lyman-break galaxies to better understand their evolution and estimate their total star formation rate. So far, only a small sample has been detected in far-infrared. Most of the individual results rely on an information
142:
gathered from lensed Lyman-break galaxies or from the rest-frame ultraviolet, or from a few objects detected by the
Herschel satellite or using the stacking technique that allows researchers to obtain averaged values for individually undetected Lyman-break galaxies.
110:", or "break", and can be used to find the position of the Lyman limit. Light with a wavelength shorter than 912 Ă… is in the far-ultraviolet range and is blocked by the Earth's atmosphere, but for very distant galaxies the wavelengths of light are
613:
145:
But, recently, the stacking techniques on about 22 000 galaxies allowed, for the first time, to collect some statistical information on the dust properties of LBGs.
1256:
1303:
953:
122: = 3, the Lyman break will appear to be at wavelengths of about 3600 Ă…, which is long enough to be detected by ground- or space-based
438:
I. Oteo; et al. (2013). "Far-infrared-detected Lyman-break galaxies at z ~ 3. Dust attenuation and dust correction factors at high redshift".
686:
1369:
1288:
669:
1374:
283:
C. C. Steidel; et al. (1996). "Spectroscopic
Confirmation of a Population of Normal Star-forming Galaxies at Redshifts
1101:
385:
289:
230:
106:
is bright at wavelengths longer than 912 Å, but very dim or imperceptible at shorter wavelengths—this is known as a "
1472:
1271:
1389:
1344:
1152:
741:
736:
709:
495:
440:
161:
1070:
184:
134:
83:
has allowed the use of this technique at lower and higher redshifts using ultraviolet and near-infrared filters.
1354:
1266:
1261:
1167:
1063:
1021:
731:
704:
1349:
1334:
1281:
940:
928:
923:
837:
802:
773:
763:
852:
751:
86:
The Lyman-break galaxy selection technique relies on the fact that radiation at higher energies than the
1379:
1276:
978:
76:
1409:
1359:
1194:
1106:
842:
726:
662:
571:
514:
459:
404:
361:
308:
249:
379:
D. Burgarella; et al. (2011). "HerMES: Lyman Break
Galaxies Individually Detected at 0.7 <=
224:
D. Burgarella; et al. (2011). "HerMES: Lyman Break
Galaxies Individually Detected at 0.7 <=
1172:
1080:
1011:
903:
778:
194:
107:
1445:
1404:
1399:
1384:
1339:
1308:
1293:
1211:
1179:
968:
958:
622:
589:
561:
530:
504:
475:
449:
420:
394:
351:
324:
298:
265:
239:
199:
80:
1477:
1437:
1419:
1394:
1364:
1243:
1085:
1075:
1058:
990:
819:
785:
746:
699:
103:
1449:
1251:
1226:
1206:
1201:
1189:
1043:
864:
797:
632:
579:
522:
518:
493:
J. Alvarez-Marquez; et al. (2016). "Dust properties of Lyman-break galaxies at z ~ 3".
467:
463:
412:
316:
257:
189:
72:
1298:
1221:
913:
886:
857:
809:
655:
56:
115:
575:
408:
365:
312:
253:
148:
In
February 2022, astronomers reported the discovery of two Lyman break galaxies, named
1162:
995:
898:
893:
847:
790:
95:
91:
45:
416:
261:
1466:
1318:
1184:
1147:
918:
881:
869:
721:
716:
593:
534:
479:
424:
328:
269:
17:
1313:
1216:
1157:
1142:
1048:
973:
768:
758:
204:
174:
526:
471:
30:
609:"Are the newly-discovered z ~ 13 drop-out sources starburst galaxies or quasars?"
1414:
1231:
1121:
1111:
908:
874:
814:
694:
87:
68:
60:
34:
584:
549:
1116:
1053:
179:
123:
99:
637:
608:
1126:
157:
63:. The technique has primarily been used to select galaxies at redshifts of
55:
that are selected using the differing appearance of the galaxy in several
356:
303:
111:
52:
963:
948:
678:
156:, at z~12-13, based on studies using the Lyman technique. Also note
48:
627:
566:
509:
320:
1036:
1031:
1026:
983:
454:
399:
244:
342:
C. C. Steidel; et al. (July 1998). "Lyman Break
Galaxies at
651:
153:
149:
647:
550:"A Search for H-Dropout Lyman Break Galaxies at z ~ 12–16"
94:
is almost completely absorbed by neutral gas around
1327:
1242:
1135:
1094:
1004:
939:
830:
685:
614:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
548:Harikane, Yuichi; et al. (2 February 2022).
348:XTH Rencontres de Blois, "The Birth of Galaxies"
1304:List of the most distant astronomical objects
663:
8:
607:Pacussi, Fabio; et al. (7 April 2022).
383:<= 2.0 in GOODS-N with Herschel/SPIRE".
228:<= 2.0 in GOODS-N with Herschel/SPIRE".
670:
656:
648:
636:
626:
583:
565:
508:
453:
398:
355:
302:
243:
37:, an extremely distant Lyman-Break galaxy
29:
216:
27:Star-forming galaxies at high redshift
160:, a distant galaxy discovered by the
7:
102:of the emitting galaxy, the emitted
129:Candidate galaxies around redshift
25:
1444:
1433:
1432:
1375:Galaxy formation and evolution
1370:Galaxy color–magnitude diagram
1:
386:Astrophysical Journal Letters
290:Astrophysical Journal Letters
231:Astrophysical Journal Letters
98:regions of galaxies. In the
118:. For a galaxy at redshift
114:considerably because of the
1257:Galaxies named after people
527:10.1051/0004-6361/201527190
472:10.1051/0004-6361/201321478
417:10.1088/2041-8205/734/1/L12
262:10.1088/2041-8205/734/1/L12
59:due to the position of the
1494:
1390:Gravitational microlensing
1345:Galactic coordinate system
496:Astronomy and Astrophysics
441:Astronomy and Astrophysics
162:James Webb Space Telescope
1428:
554:The Astrophysical Journal
185:Damped Lyman-alpha system
116:expansion of the Universe
75:filters, but progress in
1355:Galactic magnetic fields
1168:Brightest cluster galaxy
1064:Luminous infrared galaxy
585:10.3847/1538-4357/ac53a9
1350:Galactic habitable zone
1335:Extragalactic astronomy
924:Supermassive black hole
838:Active galactic nucleus
519:2016A&A...587A.122A
464:2013A&A...554L...3O
67: = 3–4 using
1102:Low surface brightness
853:Central massive object
638:10.1093/mnrasl/slac035
38:
1380:Galaxy rotation curve
77:ultraviolet astronomy
33:
1415:Population III stars
1410:Intergalactic travel
1360:Galactic orientation
1227:Voids and supervoids
42:Lyman-break galaxies
18:Lyman-break galaxies
1405:Intergalactic stars
1294:Large quasar groups
1289:Groups and clusters
1153:Groups and clusters
1012:Lyman-alpha emitter
904:Interstellar medium
576:2022ApJ...929....1H
409:2011ApJ...734L..12B
366:1998astro.ph.12167S
313:1996ApJ...462L..17S
254:2011ApJ...734L..12B
195:Lyman-alpha emitter
1473:Physical cosmology
1400:Intergalactic dust
1385:Gravitational lens
1340:Galactic astronomy
1309:Starburst galaxies
1049:blue compact dwarf
1005:Energetic galaxies
969:BL Lacertae object
200:Lyman-alpha forest
81:infrared astronomy
39:
1460:
1459:
1420:Galaxy X (galaxy)
1395:Illustris project
1365:Galactic quadrant
1086:Wolf-Rayet galaxy
1076:Green bean galaxy
1071:Hot dust-obscured
1022:Luminous infrared
786:Elliptical galaxy
16:(Redirected from
1485:
1448:
1436:
1435:
1081:Hanny's Voorwerp
991:Relativistic jet
865:Dark matter halo
672:
665:
658:
649:
643:
642:
640:
630:
604:
598:
597:
587:
569:
545:
539:
538:
512:
490:
484:
483:
457:
435:
429:
428:
402:
376:
370:
369:
359:
357:astro-ph/9812167
346:~3 and Beyond".
339:
333:
332:
306:
304:astro-ph/9602024
280:
274:
273:
247:
221:
190:Lyman-alpha blob
21:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1463:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1424:
1323:
1238:
1131:
1090:
1000:
935:
914:Galaxy filament
858:Galactic Center
826:
681:
676:
646:
606:
605:
601:
547:
546:
542:
492:
491:
487:
437:
436:
432:
378:
377:
373:
341:
340:
336:
282:
281:
277:
223:
222:
218:
214:
209:
170:
57:imaging filters
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1491:
1489:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1465:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1442:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1248:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1212:Stellar stream
1209:
1204:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1150:
1145:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1019:
1014:
1008:
1006:
1002:
1001:
999:
998:
993:
988:
987:
986:
981:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
945:
943:
937:
936:
934:
933:
932:
931:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
899:Galactic ridge
896:
894:Galactic plane
891:
890:
889:
879:
878:
877:
867:
862:
861:
860:
850:
845:
840:
834:
832:
828:
827:
825:
824:
823:
822:
812:
807:
806:
805:
795:
794:
793:
783:
782:
781:
776:
771:
766:
756:
755:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
714:
713:
712:
707:
697:
691:
689:
683:
682:
677:
675:
674:
667:
660:
652:
645:
644:
599:
540:
485:
430:
371:
334:
321:10.1086/310029
275:
215:
213:
210:
208:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
171:
169:
166:
164:in July 2022.
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1490:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1314:Superclusters
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1217:Superclusters
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1148:Galactic tide
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1107:Ultra diffuse
1105:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1003:
997:
994:
992:
989:
985:
982:
980:
977:
976:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
946:
944:
942:
941:Active nuclei
938:
930:
927:
926:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
888:
885:
884:
883:
880:
876:
873:
872:
871:
868:
866:
863:
859:
856:
855:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
835:
833:
829:
821:
818:
817:
816:
813:
811:
808:
804:
801:
800:
799:
796:
792:
789:
788:
787:
784:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
761:
760:
757:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
719:
718:
715:
711:
708:
706:
703:
702:
701:
698:
696:
693:
692:
690:
688:
684:
680:
673:
668:
666:
661:
659:
654:
653:
650:
639:
634:
629:
624:
620:
616:
615:
610:
603:
600:
595:
591:
586:
581:
577:
573:
568:
563:
559:
555:
551:
544:
541:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
511:
506:
502:
498:
497:
489:
486:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
456:
451:
447:
443:
442:
434:
431:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
401:
396:
392:
388:
387:
382:
375:
372:
367:
363:
358:
353:
349:
345:
338:
335:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
305:
300:
296:
292:
291:
286:
279:
276:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
246:
241:
237:
233:
232:
227:
220:
217:
211:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
172:
167:
165:
163:
159:
155:
151:
146:
143:
139:
136:
132:
127:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
84:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
47:
43:
36:
32:
19:
1450:
1438:
1173:fossil group
1095:Low activity
1016:
929:Ultramassive
759:Dwarf galaxy
742:intermediate
737:grand design
618:
612:
602:
557:
553:
543:
500:
494:
488:
445:
439:
433:
390:
384:
380:
374:
347:
343:
337:
294:
288:
284:
278:
235:
229:
225:
219:
205:Lyman series
175:Balmer break
147:
144:
140:
135:spectroscopy
130:
128:
119:
96:star-forming
90:at 912
85:
64:
46:star-forming
41:
40:
1232:void galaxy
1195:cannibalism
1180:Interacting
1136:Interaction
1122:Blue Nugget
1112:Dark galaxy
1017:Lyman-break
909:Protogalaxy
875:Disc galaxy
297:: L17–L21.
88:Lyman limit
69:ultraviolet
61:Lyman limit
35:UNCOVER-z13
1467:Categories
1272:Polar-ring
1117:Red nugget
1059:faint blue
919:Spiral arm
774:spheroidal
764:elliptical
747:Magellanic
732:flocculent
700:Lenticular
687:Morphology
628:2201.00823
621:: L6–L10.
567:2112.09141
510:1512.04120
212:References
180:BzK galaxy
124:telescopes
100:rest frame
1207:Satellite
1202:Jellyfish
1190:collision
1127:Dead disk
1044:Starburst
959:Markarian
831:Structure
798:Irregular
769:irregular
594:246823511
535:119241956
480:118408031
455:1304.3230
400:1105.0646
393:(1): 12.
287:> 3".
245:1105.0646
238:(1): 12.
158:GLASS-z12
112:stretched
1478:Galaxies
1439:Category
1328:See also
1252:Galaxies
979:X-shaped
810:Peculiar
752:unbarred
710:unbarred
679:Galaxies
560:(1): 1.
503:: A122.
425:36669348
329:15038797
270:36669348
168:See also
104:spectrum
53:redshift
51:at high
49:galaxies
1299:Quasars
1267:Nearest
1262:Largest
1163:cluster
996:Seyfert
572:Bibcode
515:Bibcode
460:Bibcode
405:Bibcode
362:Bibcode
309:Bibcode
250:Bibcode
108:dropout
79:and in
73:optical
1451:Portal
1282:Spiral
1185:merger
964:Quasar
949:Blazar
887:corona
803:barred
779:spiral
727:barred
722:anemic
717:Spiral
705:barred
592:
533:
478:
448:: L3.
423:
327:
268:
1319:Voids
1244:Lists
1222:Walls
1158:group
1143:Field
1037:ELIRG
1032:HLIRG
1027:ULIRG
984:DRAGN
974:Radio
954:LINER
848:Bulge
820:Polar
623:arXiv
590:S2CID
562:arXiv
531:S2CID
505:arXiv
476:S2CID
450:arXiv
421:S2CID
395:arXiv
352:arXiv
325:S2CID
299:arXiv
266:S2CID
240:arXiv
1277:Ring
882:Halo
870:Disc
815:Ring
695:Disc
152:and
71:and
44:are
1054:pea
843:Bar
633:doi
619:514
580:doi
558:929
523:doi
501:587
468:doi
446:554
413:doi
391:734
317:doi
295:462
258:doi
236:734
154:HD2
150:HD1
1469::
791:cD
631:.
617:.
611:.
588:.
578:.
570:.
556:.
552:.
529:.
521:.
513:.
499:.
474:.
466:.
458:.
444:.
419:.
411:.
403:.
389:.
360:.
350:.
323:.
315:.
307:.
293:.
264:.
256:.
248:.
234:.
126:.
671:e
664:t
657:v
641:.
635::
625::
596:.
582::
574::
564::
537:.
525::
517::
507::
482:.
470::
462::
452::
427:.
415::
407::
397::
381:z
368:.
364::
354::
344:z
331:.
319::
311::
301::
285:z
272:.
260::
252::
242::
226:z
131:z
120:z
92:Ă…
65:z
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
