77:
296:
52:
304:
33:
566:
Although the plant was not part of human diet under normal conditions, its large, waxy leaves were important to food preparation and storage. They were commonly used to line berry baskets and to wrap around whole salmon and other foods when baked under a fire.
562:
The plant was used by indigenous people as medicine for burns and injuries, and in times of famine as an emergency food source, when the leaves were heated and eaten. The leaves have a somewhat spicy or peppery taste.
266:" odor that it emits when it blooms. This odor will permeate the area where the plant grows, and can be detected even in old, dried specimens. The distinctive odor attracts its pollinators, scavenging
362:
atop a 30–50 cm (12–20 in) stalk. The flowers are numerous and densely packed. It is among the first flowers to bloom in late winter or early spring (typically March–July). Unlike the genus
474:. This implies that this species cannot be imported, cultivated, transported, commercialized, planted, or intentionally released into the environment in the whole of the European Union
1686:
1706:
1681:
1062:. European parliament and of the council of 22 October 2014 on the prevention and management of the introduction and spread of invasive alien species. 22 October 2014.
586:
crystals, which result in a prickling sensation on the tongue and throat and can cause intestinal irritation; if consumed in large quantities it can even cause death.
1454:
1532:
1671:
1176:
1402:
696:
1480:
1415:
959:
1711:
1594:
1133:
841:
755:
466:, and in the north and west of the UK. Once established in an area, it can be very difficult to control. In 2016, it was classified by the
1200:
1696:
1376:
1243:
802:
671:
1073:
885:
868:
1188:
858:
1441:
287:, also called "skunk cabbage" but less malodorous, is grown as an ornamental plant on the margins of British aquatic gardens.
740:
1485:
1121:
Wildflowers of Oregon: A field guide to over 400 wildflowers, trees, and shrubs of the coast, cascades, and high desert
1519:
420:
1701:
318:
that measure 30 centimetres (12 inches) or longer, and 2.5 to 5 cm (1 to 2 in) in diameter. The short-stalked
1059:
1467:
1314:
1085:
494:
687:
196:
277:
Although similarly named and with a similar smell, the plant is easy to distinguish from the eastern skunk cabbage (
76:
1607:
1537:
505:
284:
1292:
570:
The leaves were also used as a medicated bandage to cure sores and swelling. Its sap was used as a treatment for
1306:
1233:
1691:
770:
283:), another species in the arum family found in eastern North America. A cross between it and a closely related
1612:
1192:
919:
728:
790:
510:
322:
are the largest of any native plant in the region, 30–150 cm (12–59 in) long and 10–70 cm (4–
1394:
1160:
1389:
1329:
1254:
1319:
1037:
1676:
370:
279:
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1420:
641:
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539:
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41:
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408:
208:
71:
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1139:
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864:
837:
667:
252:
1212:
1563:
1011:
636:
500:
471:
404:
295:
1545:
1089:
897:
596:
583:
380:
species do not produce heat, although this is widely and incorrectly said to be the case.
341:
200:
114:
618:
251:, is a plant found in swamps and wet woods, along streams and in other wet areas of the
1586:
1581:
467:
463:
439:
101:
1665:
1493:
627:
486:
447:
443:
392:
127:
61:
56:
947:
519:, are also cultivated. These have larger spathes than either of the parent species.
1648:
1573:
1342:
1125:
764:
364:
303:
32:
1635:
1524:
1506:
1428:
1286:
137:
1143:
1023:
983:
Armitage, James D. & Phillips, Barry W. (2011). "A hybrid swamp lantern".
396:
376:
157:
1381:
1277:
739:. Lab for Advanced Spatial Analysis, Department of Geography. Vancouver, BC:
1363:
1239:
551:
535:
455:
423:. Isolated populations are also found in northeastern Washington, northern
1472:
1119:
1625:
1620:
1550:
1271:
1015:
571:
547:
1008:
Practical
Management of Invasive Non-Native Weeds in Britain and Ireland
600:(bog arum): A similar plant grown as an ornamental herbaceous perennial.
1407:
490:
451:
432:
428:
315:
256:
147:
1433:
1301:
836:. Vol. Western Region (rev. ed.). Knopf. pp. 344–345.
459:
412:
400:
359:
337:
319:
271:
1248:
1446:
1368:
833:
National
Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers
700:
424:
302:
294:
263:
88:
1355:
543:
531:
1252:
267:
262:
The plant is called skunk cabbage because of the distinctive "
737:
E-FLORA BC: Electronic Atlas of the Flora of
British Columbia
493:, where it grows well in marshy conditions. As of 2018, the
863:. Vol. VI. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 421.
978:
976:
825:
823:
821:
819:
527:
Flies are drawn by the odour to pollinate the flowers.
1006:". In Fennell, Mark; Jones, Laura; Wade, Max (eds.).
1261:
255:, where it is one of the few native species in the
1209:UBC Botanical Garden and Centre for Plant Research
722:
720:
538:may browse the leaves, and its roots are food for
358: in) large, bright yellow or yellowish green
1038:"List of Invasive Alien Species of Union concern"
1002:Almanzor, Elijah (2018). "American Skunk-Cabbage
642:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T64317583A67730052.en
438:The plant was introduced into cultivation in the
666:. UK: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136.
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
497:recommends that it should not be cultivated.
485:It was used as an ornamental garden plant in
374:, the eastern skunk cabbage), the flowers of
8:
1687:Flora of the West Coast of the United States
1010:. Liverpool University Press. pp. 1–3.
846:– via Internet Archive (archive.org).
1707:Flora of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
1249:
958:. Natural Resources Conservation Service.
50:
31:
20:
640:
446:to become naturalized in marshy areas in
697:Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland
1682:Flora of the Northwestern United States
960:United States Department of Agriculture
609:
530:While some consider the plant to be a
664:RHS A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants
215:
7:
799:Jepson Herbarium; eFlora: Taxon page
1672:IUCN Red List least concern species
857:Halevy, Abraham H. (23 July 2019).
628:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
542:. After emerging from hibernation,
344:contained within a 7–12 cm (3–
1244:University of California, Berkeley
803:University of California, Berkeley
769:. WTU Herbarium Image Collection.
14:
1613:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:147962-2
1189:University of Michigan, Dearborn
727:Klinkenberg, Brian, ed. (2014).
336: in) wide when mature. Its
75:
1060:"REGULATION (EU) No 1143/2014"
830:Spellenberg, Richard (2001) .
767:(biology.burke.washington.edu)
741:University of British Columbia
1:
1712:Taxa named by Harold St. John
918:Sullivan, Steven K. (2015).
1185:Native American Ethnobotany
1086:Royal Horticultural Society
754:Giblin, David, ed. (2015).
495:Royal Horticultural Society
1728:
506:Lysichiton camtschatcensis
221:(L.) Schott, orth. var.
16:Species of flowering plant
1697:Flora of British Columbia
247:(Britain and Ireland) or
214:
207:
186:
179:
72:Scientific classification
70:
48:
39:
30:
23:
771:University of Washington
635:: e.T64317583A67730052.
1221:"Lysichiton americanus"
1169:Flora of North America
1118:Fagan, Damian (2019).
617:Maiz-Tome, L. (2016).
311:
300:
245:American skunk-cabbage
1574:Lysichiton_americanus
1307:lysichiton-americanus
1293:Lysichiton americanus
1263:Lysichiton americanus
1235:Lysichiton americanus
1203:Lysichiton americanus
1179:Lysichiton americanus
1163:Lysichiton americanus
1076:Lysichiton americanus
1040:. European Commission
1004:Lysichiton americanus
950:Lysichiton americanus
922:Lysichiton americanus
888:Lysichiton americanus
860:Handbook of Flowering
793:Lysichiton americanus
758:Lysichiton americanus
731:Lysichiton americanus
621:Lysichiton americanus
389:Lysichiton americanus
314:The plant grows from
306:
298:
280:Symplocarpus foetidus
237:western skunk cabbage
232:Lysichiton americanus
218:Lysichitum americanum
190:Lysichiton americanus
25:Lysichiton americanus
1016:10.2307/j.ctv34h08r7
540:American black bears
241:yellow skunk cabbage
1702:Flora of California
1226:Plants for a Future
883:See as one example
582:The plant contains
417:Northern California
340:are produced in a
42:Conservation status
1092:on 3 December 2013
1082:RHS Plant Selector
312:
301:
285:species from Japan
172:L. americanus
1659:
1658:
1559:Open Tree of Life
1255:Taxon identifiers
1135:978-1-4930-3633-2
928:Wildflower Search
843:978-0-375-40233-3
454:, for example in
421:Santa Cruz County
253:Pacific Northwest
228:
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1525:NHMSYS0000460540
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1242:photo database,
1230:
1216:
1211:. Archived from
1196:
1191:. Archived from
1187:. Dearborn, MI:
1172:
1148:
1147:
1124:. Guilford, CT:
1115:
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1099:
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1088:. Archived from
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905:
896:. Archived from
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848:
847:
827:
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811:
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801:. Berkeley, CA:
787:
781:
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778:
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724:
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714:
712:
711:
705:
699:. Archived from
694:
684:
678:
677:
660:
654:
653:
651:
649:
644:
614:
472:invasive species
442:in 1901 and has
419:as far south as
405:British Columbia
371:S. foetidus
368:(which includes
357:
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352:
349:
335:
334:
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220:
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59:
54:
53:
35:
21:
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1692:Flora of Alaska
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1546:Observation.org
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1128:. p. 101.
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956:PLANTS Database
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597:Calla palustris
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584:calcium oxalate
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1649:wfo-0000231603
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1217:
1215:on 2003-12-23.
1197:
1195:on 2012-02-06.
1173:
1155:
1154:External links
1152:
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1024:j.ctv34h08r7.6
994:
987:. New Series.
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468:European Union
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440:United Kingdom
403:south through
391:is found from
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991:(3): 155–157.
990:
986:
985:The Plantsman
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900:on 2013-12-03
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309:L. americanus
305:
299:Flower detail
297:
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249:swamp lantern
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57:Least Concern
47:
43:
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22:
19:
1677:Orontioideae
1262:
1234:
1224:
1213:the original
1208:
1202:
1193:the original
1184:
1178:
1168:
1162:
1126:FalconGuides
1120:
1094:. Retrieved
1090:the original
1081:
1075:
1068:
1054:
1042:. Retrieved
1032:
1007:
1003:
997:
988:
984:
964:. Retrieved
955:
949:
942:
931:. Retrieved
927:
921:
913:
902:. Retrieved
898:the original
894:Learn 2 Grow
893:
887:
879:
859:
852:
832:
807:. Retrieved
798:
792:
785:
774:. Retrieved
765:Burke Museum
763:
757:
749:
736:
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708:. Retrieved
701:the original
688:
682:
663:
658:
646:. Retrieved
632:
626:
620:
612:
595:
581:
569:
565:
561:
546:eat it as a
529:
526:
515:
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462:, including
437:
388:
387:
384:Distribution
375:
369:
365:Symplocarpus
363:
313:
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1507:NatureServe
1429:iNaturalist
1287:Wikispecies
481:Cultivation
307:Foliage of
291:Description
257:arum family
138:Alismatales
115:Angiosperms
1666:Categories
1587:kew-116108
1582:Plant List
1327:Calflora:
1144:1073035766
966:2015-06-16
933:2015-06-16
904:2012-12-04
809:2015-06-16
776:2015-06-16
710:2014-10-17
605:References
512:Lysichiton
409:Washington
397:Cook Inlet
377:Lysichiton
159:Lysichiton
1395:222000246
1240:CalPhotos
552:cathartic
516:hortensis
509:, called
456:Hampshire
201:H.St.John
166:Species:
85:Kingdom:
1633:VASCAN:
1621:Tropicos
1571:PalDat:
1512:2.159884
1499:64317583
1460:10425406
1447:147962-2
1272:Wikidata
648:5 August
590:See also
578:Toxicity
572:ringworm
548:laxative
316:rhizomes
209:Synonyms
144:Family:
128:Monocots
62:IUCN 3.1
1626:2103013
1408:2869311
1356:1140099
1278:Q469972
1238:in the
523:Ecology
501:Hybrids
491:Ireland
487:Britain
452:Ireland
448:Britain
444:escaped
433:Wyoming
429:Montana
353:⁄
338:flowers
331:⁄
272:beetles
154:Genus:
148:Araceae
134:Order:
89:Plantae
60: (
1595:PLANTS
1564:375226
1538:374417
1486:503629
1382:185892
1320:411563
1302:ARKive
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470:as an
460:Surrey
431:, and
415:, and
413:Oregon
401:Alaska
360:spathe
342:spadix
320:leaves
264:skunky
243:(UK),
239:(US),
199:&
197:Hultén
1600:LYAM3
1551:18775
1473:31580
1455:IRMNG
1434:48537
1421:23003
1377:EUNIS
1369:LSYAM
1343:3WTZ6
1096:1 May
1044:1 May
1020:JSTOR
704:(xls)
693:(xls)
544:bears
503:with
425:Idaho
268:flies
122:Clade
109:Clade
96:Clade
1636:2678
1608:POWO
1533:NCBI
1494:IUCN
1481:ITIS
1442:IPNI
1416:GRIN
1403:GBIF
1364:EPPO
1330:5255
1315:BOLD
1140:OCLC
1130:ISBN
1098:2018
1046:2018
865:ISBN
838:ISBN
668:ISBN
650:2023
633:2016
558:Uses
536:deer
532:weed
489:and
458:and
450:and
395:and
270:and
1644:WFO
1520:NBN
1468:ISC
1390:FNA
1351:EoL
1338:CoL
1012:doi
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