592:
Philips researchers
Adrianus de Vaan and Paulus Schaareman), generally achieved using so called DBEF films manufactured and supplied by 3M. These polarizers consist of a large stack of uniaxial oriented birefringent films that reflect the former absorbed polarization mode of the light. Such reflective polarizers using uniaxial oriented polymerized liquid crystals (birefringent polymers or birefringent glue) are invented in 1989 by Philips researchers Dirk Broer, Adrianus de Vaan and Joerg Brambring. The combination of such reflective polarizers, and LED dynamic backlight control make today's LCD televisions far more efficient than the CRT-based sets, leading to a worldwide energy saving of 600 TWh (2017), equal to 10% of the electricity consumption of all households worldwide or equal to 2 times the energy production of all solar cells in the world.
555:. This can be tested by a user simply by waving a hand or object in front of the screen. If the object appears to have sharply defined edges as it moves, the backlight is strobing on and off at a fairly low frequency. If the object appears blurry, the display either has a continuously illuminated backlight or is operating the backlight at a frequency higher than the brain can perceive. The flicker can be reduced or eliminated by setting the display to full brightness, though this may have a negative impact on image quality and battery life due to increased power consumption.
461:
for applications that require long lifetime in more demanding operational conditions. Because the phosphor sheet is placed at a distance (remote) of the LED it experiences much less temperature stress than phosphors in white LEDs. As a result, the white point is less dependent on individual LEDs, and degrading of individual LEDs over lifetime, leading to a more homogenous backlight with improved colour consistency and lower lumen depreciation.
262:
48:
270:
675:
690:
304:
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sets. Standards for power ratings for TV sets have been introduced, e.g., in the USA, EU, and
Australia as well as in China. Moreover, a 2008 study showed that among European countries, power consumption is one of the most important criteria for consumers when they choose a television, as important as the screen size.
600:
The evolution of energy standards and the increasing public expectations regarding power consumption have made it necessary for backlight systems to manage their power. As for other consumer electronics products (e.g., fridges or light bulbs), energy consumption categories are enforced for television
327:
to result in the emission of white light. However, because the spectral curve peaks at yellow, it is a poor match to the transmission peaks of the red and green color filters of the LCD. This causes the red and green primaries to shift toward yellow, reducing the color gamut of the display. RGB LEDs
547:
Using PWM (pulse-width modulation, a technology where the intensity of the LEDs are kept constant, but the brightness adjustment is achieved by varying a time interval of flashing these constant light intensity light sources), the backlight is dimmed to the brightest color that appears on the screen
252:
backlights are used on larger displays such as computer monitors, and are typically white in color; these also require the use of an inverter and diffuser. Incandescent backlighting was used by early LCD panels to achieve high brightness, but the limited life and excess heat produced by incandescent
436:
being recorded. White LEDs suffer from blue shifts at higher temperatures varying from 3141K to 3222K for 10 °C to 80 °C respectively. Power efficiency may be a challenge; first generation implementations could potentially use more power than their CCFL counterparts, though it is possible
460:
displays, and medical displays. This technology uses blue pump LEDs in combination with a sheet on which phosphorous luminescent materials are printed for colour conversion. The principle is similar to quantum dots, but the phosphors applied are much more robust than the quantum dot nano-particles
239:
Colored LED backlighting is most commonly used in small, inexpensive LCD panels. White LED backlighting is becoming dominant. ELP backlighting is often used for larger displays or when even backlighting is important; it can also be either colored or white. An ELP must be driven by relatively high
591:
The LCD backlight systems are made highly efficient by applying optical films such as prismatic structure to gain the light into the desired viewer directions and reflective polarizing films that recycle the polarized light that was formerly absorbed by the first polarizer of the LCD (invented by
281:
by using two CCFLs at opposite edges of the LCD or by an array of CCFLs behind the LCD (see picture of an array with 18 CCFLs for a 40-inch LCD TV). Due to the disadvantages in comparison with LED illumination (higher voltage and power needed, thicker panel design, no high-speed switching, faster
543:
LED backlight are often dynamically controlled using the video information (dynamic backlight control or dynamic "local dimming" LED backlight, also marketed as HDR, high dynamic range television, invented by
Philips researchers Douglas Stanton, Martinus Stroomer and Adrianus de Vaan).
705:
106:
are built without an internal light source, requiring external light sources to convey the display image to the user. Most LCD screens, however, are built with an internal light source. Such screens consist of several layers. The backlight is usually the first layer from the back.
740:
515:, i.e. several LEDs are placed at the edges of a lightguide (Light guide plate, LGP), which distributes the light behind the LC panel. Advantages of this technique are the very thin flat-panel construction and low cost. A more expensive version is called
403:
in 2013. With a blue LED and optimized nanocrystals for green and red colors in front of it, the resulting combined white light allows for an equivalent or better color gamut than that emitted by a more expensive set of three RGB LEDs. At the
451:
To overcome the aforementioned challenges with RGB and white LED backlights an 'advanced remote phosphor' LED technology has been developed by NDF Special Light
Products, specifically for high-end and long-life LCD applications such as
423:
There are several challenges with LED backlights. Uniformity is hard to achieve, especially as the LEDs age, with each LED aging at a different rate. The use of three separate light sources for red, green, and blue means that the
355:
can be narrowed so that each color component lets only a very narrow band of spectrum through the LCD. This improves the efficiency of the display since less light is blocked when white is displayed. The actual
332:
and can be controlled to produce different color temperatures of white. RGB LEDs for backlighting are found in high end color proofing displays such as the HP DreamColor LP2480zx monitor or selected
371:(QDs). The quantum dots convert the blue wavelengths to the desired longer wavelengths as narrow-bandwidth green and red colors for optimal illumination of the LCD from behind. The manufacturer,
1211:
1320:
LCD Television Power Draw Trends from 2003 to 2015; B. Urban and K. Roth; Fraunhofer USA Center for
Sustainable Energy Systems; Final Report to the Consumer Technology Association; May 2017;
1423:
Mantel, Claire; Burini, Nino; Nadernejad, Ehsan; Korhonen, Jari; Forchhammer, Soren; Pedersen, Jesper
Meldgaard (2013). "Controlling Power Consumption for Displays with Backlight Dimming".
1175:
563:
For a non-ELP backlight to produce even lighting, which is critical for displays, the light is first passed through a lightguide (Light guide plate, LGP) - a specially designed layer of
1269:
Broadband reflective polarizers based on form birefringence for ultra-thin liquid crystal displays; S.U. Pan; L. Tan and H.S. Kwok; Vol. 25, No. 15; 24 July 2017; Optics
Express 17499;
1051:
437:
for an LED display to be more power efficient. In 2010, current generation LED displays can have significant power consumption advantages. For example, the non-LED version of the 24"
1293:
Energy
Efficiency Success Story: TV Energy Consumption Shrinks as Screen Size and Performance Grow, Finds New CTA Study; Consumer Technology Association; press release 12 July 2017;
1231:
996:
1295:
1133:
Pixel-by-pixel local dimming for high dynamic range liquid crystal displays; H. Chen; R. Zhu; M.C. Li; S.L. Lee and S.T. Wu; Vol. 25, No. 3; 6 February 2017; Optics
Express 1973;
865:
Competing display technologies for the best image performance; A.J.S.M. de Vaan; Journal of the society of information displays, Volume 15, Issue 9 September 2007 Pages 657–666;
1322:
1151:
1194:
652:
504:
introduced since
September 2009 uses LED-backlit panels. This is also the case for most LCD television sets, which are marketed in some countries under the misleading name
445:
441:
1212:
https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?CC=EP&NR=0606939B1&KC=B1&FT=D&ND=5&date=19980506&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EP#
1094:
Method of and device for generating an image having a desired brightness; D.A. Stanton; M.V.C. Stroomer; A.J.S.M. de Vaan; US patent USRE42428E; 7 June 2011;
551:
If the frequency of the pulse-width modulation is too low or the user is very sensitive to flicker, this may cause discomfort and eye-strain, similar to the
253:
bulbs were severe limitations. The heat generated by incandescent bulbs typically requires the bulbs to be mounted away from the display to prevent damage.
1354:
1256:
1421:
Controlling Power Consumption for Displays With Backlight Dimming; Claire Mantel et al; Journal of Display Technology; Volume: 9, Issue: 12, Dec. 2013;
375:, claims that the color output of the dots can be tuned precisely by controlling the size of the nanocrystals. Other companies pursuing this method are
492:
has announced LED-backlit notebooks. In October 2008, Apple announced that it would be using LED backlights for all of its notebooks and new 24-inch
1172:
1373:
71:(LCDs) that provides illumination from the back or side of a display panel. LCDs do not produce light by themselves, so they need illumination (
1367:"Implementing directive 2005/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to ecodesign requirements for televisions", 2009;
844:
277:
For several years (until about 2010), the preferred backlight for matrix-addressed large LCD panels such as in monitors and TVs was based on a
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887:
1070:
278:
1224:
989:
636:
Illuminating Arrangement for a Field-Effect Liquid-Crystal Display as well as Fabrication and Application of the Illuminating Arrangement
285:
Many LCD models, from cheap TN-displays to color proofing S-IPS or S-PVA panels, have wide gamut CCFLs representing more than 95% of the
1299:
428:
of the display can move as the LEDs age at different rates; white LEDs are affected by this phenomenon, with changes of several hundred
1282:
336:
notebooks, as well as more recent consumer-grade displays such as Dell's Studio series laptops which have an optional RGB LED display.
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571:
the light through a series of unevenly spaced bumps. The density of bumps increases further away from the light source according to a
1147:
1112:
1191:
1494:
648:
1210:
Illumination system and display device including such a system; A.J.S.M. de Vaan; P.B. Schaareman; European patent EP0606939B1;
1296:"CTA - Energy Efficiency Success Story: TV Energy Consumption Shrinks as Screen Size and Performance Grow, Finds New CTA Study"
1021:
1281:
Polarisation-sensitive beam splitter; D.J. Broer; A.J.S.M. de Vaan; J. Brambring; European patent EP0428213B1; 27 July 1994;
34:
1474:
96:
817:
575:. The diffused light then travels to either side of the diffuser; the front faces the actual LCD panel, the back has a
774:
38:
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405:
799:
1270:
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971:
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Many types of displays other than LCD generate their own light and do not require a backlight, for example,
1222:
Brochure 3M Display Materials & Systems Division Solutions for Large Displays: The right look matters;
1499:
1489:
194:
68:
52:
395:
has adapted quantum dot technology from the US company QD Vision to introduce LCD TVs with an improved
29:
This article is about backlights in liquid crystal displays. For the rear window of an automobile, see
1369:
500:, meaning all of Apple's new computer screens became LED-backlit displays. Almost every laptop with a
111:
then vary the amount of light reaching the eye, by blocking its passage in some way. Most use a fixed
1432:
493:
363:
A method to further improve the color gamut of LED-backlit LCD panels is based on blue LEDs (such as
156:
92:
1283:
https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?CC=EP&NR=0428213B1&KC=B1&FT=D#
840:
838:
The Evolution of LED Backlights; Adam Simmons; PCM PC monitors, Monitor articles, 12 November 2017;
787:
457:
444:
consumer display has a 49W consumption compared to the 24W of the LED version of the same display (
409:
241:
163:
56:
879:
1448:
572:
360:
points can be moved farther out so that the display is capable of reproducing more vivid colors.
200:
An ELP gives off uniform light over its entire surface, but other backlights frequently employ a
184:
1066:
1064:
LED TVs: 10 things you need to know; David Carnoy, David Katzmaier; CNET.com/news; 3 June 2010;
900:
866:
380:
347:) the backlight can produce a color spectrum that closely matches the color filters in the LCD
1348:
1250:
748:
713:
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to guide otherwise wasted light back toward the LCD panel. The reflector is sometimes made of
433:
319:
and desktop screens, and make up virtually all mobile LCD screens. A white LED is typically a
316:
201:
112:
103:
87:. They are used in small displays to increase readability in low light conditions such as in
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187:
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123:
80:
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1179:
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364:
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72:
1145:
Dimming options for LCD brightness; J. Moronski; Electronicproducts.com; 3 Januari 2004;
1108:
1436:
1412:"International survey on the importance of the energy efficiency of TV appliances", 2008
527:
of LEDs), such that large panels can be evenly illuminated. This arrangement allows for
413:
344:
245:
228:
84:
408:
2015, a number of companies showed QD-enhanced LED-backlighting of LCD TVs, including
1483:
580:
141:
1452:
75:
or a special light source) to produce a visible image. Backlights are often used in
1025:
333:
169:
47:
548:
while simultaneously boosting the LCD contrast to the maximum achievable levels
425:
388:
368:
175:
108:
1096:
https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?CC=US&NR=RE42428E
649:"First-Hand Histories: Liquid Crystal Display Evolution - Swiss Contributions"
630:
485:
208:
130:
76:
1444:
227:
backlights, while color displays use white backlights that cover most of the
30:
1271:
https://www.osapublishing.org/oe/viewmedia.cfm?uri=oe-25-15-17499&seq=0
17:
488:
introduced LED backlights into some of their notebook models. As of 2008,
136:
A review of some early backlighting schemes for LCDs is given in a report
1135:
https://www.osapublishing.org/oe/viewmedia.cfm?uri=oe-25-3-1973&seq=0
352:
324:
1106:
LED local dimming explained; G. Morrison; CNET.com/news; 26 March 2016;
1048:"Technology Development of Remote Phosphor for Avionic Cockpit Displays"
813:
1394:"EU Australia and US regulation on energy consumption in TV sets", 2008
689:
Kobayashi, Shunsuke; Mikoshiba, Shigeo; Lim, Sungkyoo (15 April 2009).
564:
473:
453:
372:
576:
489:
429:
376:
367:(GaN) LEDs) that illuminate a layer of nanocrystal phosphors, called
315:
backlights and RGB LED backlights. White LEDs are used most often in
212:
269:
972:"CES 2015: Placing Bets on the New TV Technologies - IEEE Spectrum"
931:
303:
464:
The use of LED backlights in notebook computers has been growing.
348:
340:
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268:
260:
224:
216:
88:
46:
788:
https://www.mouser.com/datasheet/2/208/GF%20STYLE%20T-2-4786.pdf
674:
Lee, Jiun-Haw; Liu, David N.; Wu, Shin-Tson (20 November 2008).
501:
497:
481:
477:
469:
465:
438:
392:
311:
LED backlighting in color screens comes in two varieties: white
286:
249:
220:
119:
775:"[Ben Krasnow] Looks Inside Film Camera Date Stamping"
329:
320:
312:
867:
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1889/1.2785199/abstract
523:
LED and consists of many LEDs placed behind the LC panel (an
1469:
476:
introduced notebooks with LED backlights in 2006. In 2007,
384:
1403:"China Regulation on Energy Consumption in TV Sets", 2010
508:, although the image is still generated by an LCD panel.
990:"White Light LEDs - Importance of measurement standards"
1475:
Animated tutorial of LCD and Backlight technology by 3M
468:
has used LED backlights in some of its higher-end slim
1470:
World's first incandescent backlight computer monitor
59:
backlight switched on (top) and switched off (bottom)
841:"The Evolution of LED Backlights | PC Monitors"
44:
Form of illumination used in liquid crystal displays
282:aging), LED backlighting is becoming more popular.
115:and a switching one, to block the undesired light.
91:. Typical sources of light for backlights include
1192:Migraine headaches from LED backlighting in x200t
954:"What the Heck Are Quantum Dots? - IEEE Spectrum"
693:. John Wiley & Sons – via Google Books.
678:. John Wiley & Sons – via Google Books.
204:to provide even lighting from an uneven source.
634:: W. Boller, M. Donati, J. Fingerle, P. Wild,
1201:Post on Lenovo's support forum, 12 March 2008
1182:Post on Lenovo's support forum, 17 March 2009
1090:
1088:
496:, and one year later it introduced a new LED
8:
1148:"Dimming options for LCD brightness control"
743:. Ziff Davis, Inc. – via Google Books.
708:. Ziff Davis, Inc. – via Google Books.
343:to screens. When using three separate LEDs (
265:18 parallel CCFLs as backlight for an LCD TV
651:. Engineering and Technology History Wiki.
133:, which illuminates an LCD from the front.
102:Simple types of LCDs such as those used in
1022:"ARPHOS®, a revolution in LCD backlights"
535:pixels depending on the image displayed.
129:A similar type of technology is called a
33:. For the lighting design practice, see
1173:Flickering LED Screen on my X200 Tablet
622:
339:RGB LEDs can deliver an enormous color
1353:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1346:
1255:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1248:
905:avantama.com. Retrieved 17 August 2019
756:
746:
721:
711:
399:LED backlight marketed under the term
387:a licensee of Nanosys and Avantama of
1370:"EUR-Lex - 32009R0642 - EN - EUR-Lex"
1115:from the original on 23 November 2017
1067:"LED TVs: 10 things you need to know"
1002:from the original on 25 February 2012
820:from the original on 11 February 2012
676:"Introduction to Flat Panel Displays"
583:or a simple white-pigmented surface.
7:
1073:from the original on 1 December 2017
1054:from the original on 15 August 2016.
916:Quantum Dots Are Behind New Displays
847:from the original on 1 December 2017
351:themselves. In this way, the filter
279:cold-cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL)
152:The light source can be made up of:
1376:from the original on 17 August 2017
704:Inc, Ziff Davis (11 October 1988).
1237:from the original on 2 August 2017
138:Engineering and Technology History
126:(CRT), and plasma (PDP) displays.
67:is a form of illumination used in
25:
1154:from the original on 28 July 2017
914:IEEE Spectrum, 2012, 8, p.11-12,
902:Cadmium-free quantum dot display.
890:from the original on 29 May 2014.
739:Inc, Ziff Davis (11 March 1986).
511:Most LED backlights for LCDs are
655:from the original on 3 July 2017
273:LCD with edge-lit CCFL backlight
207:Backlights come in many colors.
244:power, which is provided by an
330:a red, a blue, and a green LED
170:Cold cathode fluorescent lamps
97:cold cathode fluorescent lamps
35:Backlighting (lighting design)
1:
1425:Journal of Display Technology
1109:"LED local dimming explained"
802:– via Internet Archive.
307:LCD with LED matrix backlight
323:with broad spectrum yellow
1516:
800:"Manual: RX1001VBK SM JVC"
472:notebooks since 2005, and
296:
39:Backlight (disambiguation)
28:
406:Consumer Electronics Show
1445:10.1109/JDT.2013.2260131
1178:29 November 2010 at the
638:, filed 15 October 1976.
1495:Liquid crystal displays
553:flicker of CRT displays
195:incandescent lightbulbs
69:liquid-crystal displays
308:
274:
266:
60:
53:liquid-crystal display
37:. For other uses, see
631:U.S. patent 4,096,550
587:Reflective polarizers
306:
289:color specification.
272:
264:
157:Light-emitting diodes
93:light-emitting diodes
50:
1197:16 July 2011 at the
1028:on 19 September 2016
928:"QD Vision Displays"
884:Quantum Dot Pioneers
494:Apple Cinema Display
358:red, green, and blue
211:LCDs typically have
1437:2013JDisT...9..933M
934:on 2 September 2013
458:air traffic control
410:Samsung Electronics
1302:on 4 November 2017
777:. 15 October 2019.
759:has generic name (
724:has generic name (
573:diffusion equation
416:, and the Chinese
317:notebook computers
309:
275:
267:
185:External electrode
164:electroluminescent
148:Light source types
104:pocket calculators
61:
57:electroluminescent
976:spectrum.ieee.org
958:spectrum.ieee.org
816:. Ledtele.co.uk.
814:"What is LED TV?"
596:Power consumption
539:Backlight dimming
531:to obtain darker
434:color temperature
188:fluorescent lamps
179:fluorescent lamps
113:polarizing filter
81:computer monitors
16:(Redirected from
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1024:. Archived from
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379:Group PLC (UK),
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1199:Wayback Machine
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611:Khalil Kalantar
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418:TCL Corporation
365:gallium nitride
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299:LED-backlit LCD
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257:CCFL backlights
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85:LCD televisions
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414:LG Electronics
345:additive color
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293:LED backlights
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229:color spectrum
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581:aluminum foil
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142:Peter J. Wild
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73:ambient light
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40:
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27:
19:
1428:
1424:
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1408:
1399:
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1378:. Retrieved
1363:
1337:. Retrieved
1330:the original
1316:
1304:. Retrieved
1300:the original
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1277:
1265:
1239:. Retrieved
1218:
1206:
1187:
1168:
1156:. Retrieved
1141:
1129:
1117:. Retrieved
1102:
1075:. Retrieved
1060:
1042:
1030:. Retrieved
1026:the original
1016:
1004:. Retrieved
984:
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948:
936:. Retrieved
932:the original
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849:. Retrieved
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822:. Retrieved
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502:16:9 display
463:
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369:quantum dots
362:
338:
334:HP EliteBook
310:
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109:Light valves
101:
89:wristwatches
64:
62:
55:, both with
26:
1380:22 November
1339:20 November
1306:20 November
1241:20 November
1158:20 November
1119:20 November
1077:22 November
1006:19 February
851:27 November
824:19 February
757:|last=
722:|last=
426:white point
389:Switzerland
328:consist of
176:Hot cathode
166:panel (ELP)
95:(LEDs) and
77:smartphones
51:Views of a
18:LED-backlit
1484:Categories
617:References
517:full-array
456:displays,
401:Triluminos
297:See also:
209:Monochrome
193:Formerly,
131:frontlight
122:displays,
577:reflector
559:Diffusers
446:G2420HDBL
381:QD Vision
248:circuit.
99:(CCFLs).
65:backlight
31:Car glass
1453:24082090
1374:Archived
1349:cite web
1251:cite web
1232:Archived
1195:Archived
1176:Archived
1152:Archived
1113:Archived
1071:Archived
1052:Archived
997:Archived
888:Archived
845:Archived
818:Archived
749:cite web
741:"PC Mag"
714:cite web
706:"PC Mag"
653:Archived
605:See also
569:diffuses
513:edge-lit
442:G2420HDB
397:edge-lit
353:passband
325:phosphor
321:blue LED
246:inverter
240:voltage
202:diffuser
1433:Bibcode
1032:29 July
938:23 July
659:30 June
565:plastic
474:Fujitsu
454:cockpit
430:kelvins
373:Nanosys
190:(EEFLs)
181:(HCFLs)
172:(CCFLs)
1451:
880:"QDEF"
521:direct
506:LED TV
490:Lenovo
484:, and
377:Nanoco
349:pixels
213:yellow
159:(LEDs)
83:, and
1449:S2CID
1333:(PDF)
1326:(PDF)
1235:(PDF)
1228:(PDF)
1000:(PDF)
993:(PDF)
567:that
533:black
525:array
486:Apple
341:gamut
235:Usage
225:white
223:, or
217:green
1382:2017
1355:link
1341:2017
1308:2017
1257:link
1243:2017
1160:2017
1121:2017
1079:2017
1034:2016
1008:2012
940:2013
853:2017
826:2012
761:help
726:help
661:2017
498:iMac
482:Dell
478:Asus
470:VAIO
466:Sony
439:Benq
393:Sony
287:NTSC
250:CCFL
221:blue
120:OLED
1441:doi
519:or
448:).
432:of
313:LED
162:An
140:by
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