LGBTQ rights in Turkey

1021:. Despite support from pro-Kurdish BDP, secularist CHP, and the abstention of Turkish nationalist party MHP, the motion was rejected by votes of the ruling party AKP. AKP MP Türkan Dağoğlu cited the scientific articles on homosexuality published in the US in 1974 and said, "Homosexuality is an abnormality. Same-sex marriages may not be allowed. It would cause social deterioration." For the research motion, CHP MP Binnaz Toprak said, "In the 1970s there were scientists suggesting that black people were not as smart as white people in the US. Hence the science of today doesn't accept the findings of those times. Your sayings can not be allowed." 1298:

identified as R.S., concluding that his contract was unjustly terminated. Three drivers of the garbage trucks owned by the Kağıthâne Municipality in Istanbul were fired by their employer after it was alleged that they were in a gay relationship with a 27-year-old garbage collector. The garbage collector, identified only as M.Ş., had told the authorities that he had engaged in sexual relationship "from time to time" with the three truck drivers. The drivers, aged between 43 and 51, had sued the municipality and its subcontractor in April 2018, citing what they described as unjust termination of their contract.

1344:, was banned by the Istanbul governorship hours before the event over "security concerns". Soon after, it was shut down through police intervention for the first time in its 13-year history. The parade had taken place the previous year during Ramadan without issue. In 2016, it was banned again and arrests were made as participants tried to hold the rally regardless of the prohibition. It was banned again in 2017, and in 2018 it was banned again and arrests were made as participants tried to hold the rally regardless of the prohibition. It was banned again in 2019. In 2020, due to the 150: 747: 1778:. The event first took place in 2003 and now occurs each year on either the last Sunday of June or the first Sunday of July, to mark the end of Istanbul pride week. About 30 people took part in the first Gay Pride Istanbul. The numbers have increased exponentially each year, reaching roughly 5,000 people by 2010. The 2011 gathering attracted over 10,000 people, therefore making Gay Pride Istanbul the biggest march of its kind in the Muslim World. The 2012 pride march, which took place on 1 July, attracted between 10,000 and 30,000 people. 1530: 765: 1147:

orientation in any form for a year if a military doctor agrees to grant them a 'fit report' and serve their conscription. Those who disclose their homosexuality and receive an 'unfit report' may be subject to future discrimination in public life as the military's record of homosexuals in the drafting process has resulted in several cases of public leaks. Homosexuality remains grounds for expulsion for commissioned officers, non-commissioned officers and military students under the Turkish Armed Forces Discipline Law.

832: 1367:-related discussions are banned. In November 2017, the Ankara governor's office under state of emergency imposed an indefinite ban on LGBTI-focused public events. The emergency rule ended in July 2018; however, the ban was still not lifted. In October 2018, the government extended the ban to LGBTI-focused events generally without giving any idea about the end date. In May 2019, police in Ankara violently ended a student-led Pride march at the 1081: 1070: 1812:

would not be allowed. "Within Law No: 5442, this request has not been approved due to the terror attacks that have taken place in our country and the area; because provocative acts and events may take place when the sensitivities that have emerged in society are taken into account; and because it may cause a disruption in public order and the people's- including the participants of the event- tranquility, security, and welfare."

1185: 1749: 1734: 7725: 6880: 5708: 6904: 7735: 6868: 5698: 2102: 790:, before the 19th-century, did not base sexual identities on attraction to a specific gender but distinguished between active and passive partners, often distinguished as "the lover" and "the beloved". Therefore, choice of a partner was merely based on taste and not on sexual identity. This made certain types of same-sex attraction permissible, but this attraction was most often legitimized in a 6916: 5758: 5686: 2116: 30: 639: 6892: 1521:, 27% of LGBTQ people who did not hide their sexual identity were discriminated against in the recruitment process in 2017, 8% in 2018, 11% in 2019. The study stated that LGBTQ people, who think that the institutions they apply for are biased, are more inclined to hide their sexual identity, so this rate will be higher if the applicants open to employers. 1174: 2040: 2001: 1880: 1867: 2085: 2069: 2057: 2028: 2016: 1989: 1977: 1965: 1953: 1941: 1929: 1917: 1905: 1893: 1302:

his dismissal was part of "rightful termination" due to the sexual relationship at work. If the ruling is approved in the appeals process, too, the subcontractor will be forced to return the plaintiff to his previous job or to compensate him. A hearing for one of the other two cases, which still continue, was held in February.

1508:, may be the first known example of an honour killing with a gay male victim. Studies for the years 2007–09 prepared by the German Democratic Turkey Forum show 13 killings in 2007, 5 in 2008 and at least 4 killings in 2009 related to the sexual identity of the victims. On 21 May 2008 the New York-based organization 1811:

In 2016, the pride march was banned by the local government "for the safety of our citizens, first and foremost the participants’, and for public order.". LGBTQ organizations have also not been allowed to make a press statement. The governorate of Istanbul once again claimed that a gathering of LGBTQ

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published a report entitled "We Need a Law for Liberation". The report documents how gay men and transgender people face beatings, robberies, police harassment, and the threat of murder. Human Rights Watch found that, in most cases, the response by the authorities is inadequate if not nonexistent. In

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Woman-lovers have increased in number, while boy-beloveds have decreased. It is as if the People of Lot have been swallowed by the earth. The love and affinity that were, in Istanbul, notoriously and customarily directed towards young men have now been redirected towards girls, in accordance with the

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In Turkey, prejudice against homosexuals is common in many areas. Due to common prejudices against homosexuals, since the early 2000s, administrative institutions have carried out many discriminatory practices such as police raids on gay bars, closure of LGBTI+ associations, raids on gay individuals

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In June 2019, the 7th İzmir Pride, the 3rd Antalya Pride and the 27th Istanbul pride were banned by the cities' governors. Amnesty International last week called for Turkey to lift the Pride bans. However, days later a court suspended İzmir pride week ban. That same month, Turkish police dispersed a

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In 2013, a Turkish vendor was charged with selling "immoral" DVDs because the DVD movies featured gay sexually explicit content. Judge Mahmut Erdemli from the court in Istanbul overturned the criminal charges. He ruled that gay sex is natural, stated that an individual's sexual orientation should be

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The 34th Labour Court in Istanbul ruled on 29 January in favor of one of the plaintiffs, identified as R.S., concluding that his contract was unjustly terminated. His attorney had told the court that the plaintiff "had got nothing to do with that incident," while the company lawyers had claimed that

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met with an LGBTQ organisation. She said that the government will actively work together with LGBTQ organisations. She submitted a proposal for the acceptance of LGBTQ individuals in the new constitution that Parliament planned to draft in the coming year. She was calling on Members of Parliament to

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On 25 June 2019, the Governorship of Mersin banned all LGBTQ events to be held in the province for 20 days under the Turkish Law on Meetings and Demonstrations "with the aim of maintaining public well-being and public peace, preventing crimes and protecting public health, public morality and safety

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protesters, making the 2013 Istanbul Pride the biggest pride event ever held in Turkey. The 2014 Istanbul pride attracted more than 100,000 people. The 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018 pride parades were banned by local authorities, and participants were faced with police attacks. In June 2013, the first

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has been openly gay throughout his professional life as a successful poet and writer. However, many gay and bisexual men who lived during this period have since said in interviews that they felt pressured by social attitudes and government policy to remain in the closet about their sexual identity.

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In 2017, the capital city of Ankara banned all LGBTQ or LGBTQ rights related events, under the pretext of providing "peace and security", with officials saying that such "exhibitions" could cause different groups of society to "publicly harbor hatred and hostility" towards each other; on the other

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In January 2019, the 34th Labor Court in Istanbul issued the first verdict in a legal case surrounding three men working at garbage who were fired by a municipality for allegedly engaging in a homosexual relationship with one of their co-workers. The court ruled in favour of one of the plaintiffs,

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In November 2015, the Turkish Armed Forces removed the clause stating that a draftee must "prove" their homosexuality. Draftees may decide to disclose their sexuality verbally and receive an 'unfit report' during their medical examination which exempts them from service, or must not disclose their

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In 1993, organisers were denied permission to hold an LGBTQ pride parade. Similar opposition was expressed by the government in 1995 and 1996 for an LGBTQ film festival and academic conference. Government officials cited vaguely worded laws designed to protect public morality as justification for

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of "establishing an organisation that is against the laws and principles of morality." It also attempted in July 2006 to close the human rights group Pink Life LGBT Association (Pembe Hayat), which works with transgender people, claiming to prosecutors that the association opposed "morality and

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There have been several cases of discrimination at the workplace, where LGBTQ employees have been fired because of their sexual orientation. Provisions of the Turkish Criminal Code on 'public exhibitionism' and 'offences against public morality' are sometimes used to discriminate against LGBTQ

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In October 2009 the report of the EU Commission on Enlargement stated: "The Turkish armed forces have a health regulation which defines homosexuality as a 'psychosexual' illness and identifies homosexuals as unfit for military service. Conscripts who declare their homosexuality have to provide

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in Istanbul in 2016, 33 percent of people said that LGBTQ people should have equal rights. This increased to 45 percent in 2020. Another survey by Kadir Has University in 2018 found that 55.3 percent of people would not want a homosexual neighbour. This decreased to 46.5 percent in 2019.

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and gained legal recognition, becoming the first LGBTQ organisation in the country with legal status. In September of the same year, a lawsuit by the Governor of Ankara was filed to cancel this legal status, but the demand was rejected by the prosecutor. In August 2006, the gay march in

923:(since 2008) gay marches were being held each year with an increasing numbers of participation until 2015. The gay pride march in Istanbul started with 30 people in 2003, and in 2010, there were 5,000. The pride parades in 2011 and 2012 were attended by more than 15,000 participants. 3530: 897:

Reports of harassment and violence against LGBTQ people still occur in the twenty-first century. In 2008, a gay Kurdish-Turk student, Ahmet Yıldız, was shot outside a café by his father and later died in the hospital. Sociologists have called this Turkey's first publicised gay

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In 2018, for the fourth consecutive year the Istanbul Governor's Office yet again banned the LGBTQ Pride Parade, citing security concerns and public order, but around 1,000 people defied the ban, they were met with tear gas and rubber bullets. 11 participants were arrested.

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found that 27% of the Turkish public was in favor of legalizing same-sex marriage, while 19% preferred civil unions instead. 25% of those surveyed were against any form of legal recognition for same-sex couples and 29% stated that they did not know which option to choose.

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were invited to the National Congress on AIDS, marked the first time a Turkish LGBTQ organisation was represented at the government level. During the early 2000s (decade), new organisations began to be formed in cities other than Istanbul and Ankara, for example, the

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In Turkey, everyone has the constitutionally protected right to hold a peaceful protest without prior permission, so long as the topic of the protest is not explicitly banned by law. Even though there are not any laws explicitly forbidding LGBT-related protests, the

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In February 2015, the main opposition CHP introduced a bill to prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity in both public and private sectors. The bill seeks equal recruitment, pay, promotion, dismissal in the workplace and reforms in the

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Homophobia has resulted in cases of physical and sexual violence. The killing of several transsexuals and transvestites is a worrying development. Courts have applied the principle of 'unjust provocation' in favour of perpetrators of crimes against transsexuals and

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In Turkey, the minimum age required to get sex reassignment surgery is 18. In order for one to change one's gender section on an identity card, the procedure must be conducted at a state hospital. Sex reassignment surgery is available in Turkey's major cities like

1848:(AKP) ruled the city, due to provocative hate speech, and raised concerns over discrimination against the LGBTQ community. On 29 June, hundreds of people defied the ban, they were met with tear gas, shields, pepper gas and plastic bullets from the Police. 1126:

applies to all male Turkish citizens between the ages of 18 and 41. However, the Turkish military openly discriminates against homosexuals by barring them from serving in the military. At the same time, Turkey – in violation of its obligations under the

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expressed support for gay rights, including the work of a group of transgender people to protest police brutality. However, it was not until the 1990s that many members of the LGBTQ community in Turkey began to organise on behalf of their human rights.

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has put some pressure on the government to grant official recognition to LGBTQ rights. The report on progress in Turkey for the accession to the European Union of 14 October 2009, the European Commission for Enlargement wrote:

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people have been allowed to change their legal gender since 1988. Although discrimination protections regarding sexual orientation and gender identity or expression have been debated legally, they have not yet been legislated.

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https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/06/turkiye-istanbul-pride-showdown-highlights-threat-to-lgbti-rights/#:~:text=Istanbul%20Pride%20has%20been%20celebrated,the%20police%20and%20arbitrary%20detention.

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stated that transgender people were frequently harassed and beaten by police officers. One article even stated that police had set fire to an apartment block with many transgender people residing there.

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According to the 2020 Pew Research, 25% of the Turks said homosexuality should be accepted by society, with 57% opposing it. The acceptance was higher among educated people (41%) and young Turks (34%).

1264:, has agreed to provide constitutional protection against discrimination for LGBTQ people. The draft was later canceled due to nonconcurrences regarding other subjects in the new constitutional draft. 3269: 1150:

There is little support in the army in favour of greater acceptance; in a 2015 study asking 1,300 officers "whether homosexuals should be allowed to serve in the army", 96.3% answered negatively.

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In the 1980s, the national government, whether democratically elected or as a result of a coup d'état, opposed the existence of a visible LGBTQ community, especially within the political context.

1679:. In 2008, a court case was launched to close down Lambda Istanbul, and although a lower court initially decided in favour of closing down the association, the decision was overruled by the 4991: 413: 5376:

Yılmaz, Volkan; Göçmen, İpek (2016). "Denied Citizens of Turkey: Experiences of Discrimination Among LGBT Individuals in Employment, Housing and Health Care: DENIED CITIZENS OF TURKEY".

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On 12 August 2013, the Constitutional Reconciliation Commission, which was drafting a new constitution of the Republic and was composed of four major parliamentary parties including

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In 2019, for the fifth consecutive year the Istanbul Governor's Office yet again banned the LGBTQ Pride Parade, citing security concerns and public order. subsequently, opposition

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people from discrimination in employment, education, housing, health care, public accommodations or credit. In October 2009, the report of the EU Commission on Enlargement stated:

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Göçmen, İpek; Yılmaz, Volkan (2017). "Exploring Perceived Discrimination Among LGBT Individuals in Turkey in Education, Employment, and Health Care: Results of an Online Survey".

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handle the proposal positively. She asserted that "if freedom and equality is for everybody, then sexual orientation discrimination should be eliminated and the rights of these

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to vote in favor of the appointment of an independent expert to raise awareness of the discrimination faced by the LGBTQ community and to find ways to properly protect them.

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crowd gathered in the city of İzmir for a public press statement over the governorate's pride parade ban and detained 17 people, after the group read their press statement.

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asking why the deputy governor of Istanbul had banned Istanbul Pride. He also asked how many LGBTQ members had been killed in the last 17 years, the time the ruling party

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Research shows that the decline is in close relationship to the criminalization of homosexuality in the Western world, which followed repression of the queer community.

5248:Özbarlas, Ceylan Engin, Zeynep (2021). "Tracing the reverse history of homosexuality from the Ottoman Empire to contemporary Turkey: From tolerance to discrimination". 3096: 6954: 5273: 4800: 2812: 1050:

In November 2016, Turkey, along with Georgia, Israel, Japan, Mongolia, Nepal, the Philippines, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Thailand, East Timor and Vietnam, were the only

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and refugees in Turkey today. Their access to rights and services is limited in Turkey as a result of anti-LGBTQ sentiments of state actors and the general public.

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In June 2022, a small pride march was organized in Istanbul despite the ban. More than 360 people were subsequently arrested, according to the event's organizers.

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In September 2022, thousands of anti-LGBTQ demonstrators marched in Istanbul, demanding the censoring of LGBTQ organizations and the banning of their activities.

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took place with 2,000 participants. On 3 June 2018, the 6th İzmir Pride Parade peacefully took place with over 50,000 participants. Another pride took place in

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Report of the Human Rights Observation and Law Commission on LGBTT Individuals within Kaos GL, dated 27 October 2007. A summarized translation was done by the

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events in Turkey's capital. It is reported that it was Turkish LGBT+ rights group KAOS GL who managed to get it appealed after being unsuccessful last year.

698:—the predecessor of the modern-day Republic of Turkey—adopted a new penal code, which no longer contained any explicit articles criminalizing homosexuality, 3705: 4124: 3908: 1323:

LGBT-themed DVDs can also be legally sold in Turkey, albeit DVDs with sexually explicit content may only be sold to people eighteen years of age or older.

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face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBTQ residents, though the overall situation is considered to be less repressive when compared to most other

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During the early 1990s, the organisation's proposals for cooperation were refused by the Government Human Rights Commission. April 1997, when members of

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home, magazines and website censors. Similarly, in the 2010s, prohibitions on all LGBTQ events in province were made. According to the research of

730: ranked Turkey 39th out of 49 countries regarding the protection of LGBTQ rights, but in 2024, it fell to the 47th position, followed only by 7639: 7614: 5746: 4921: 523: 219: 4520: 3544: 5281:

Ozeren, Emir; Aydin, Erhan (28 October 2016). "What does being LGBT mean in the workplace? A comparison of LGBT equality in Turkey and the UK".

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In June 2018, the embassy of Turkey, along with ambassadors from 51 countries have signed an open letter of support for LGBTQ rights in Poland.

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also lent their support to the demonstration. The pride march in Istanbul does not receive any support of the municipality or the government.

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in Ankara. The organisation continued to grow with other branches in numerous other universities and a reported 2000 members. In March 2007,

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Ozeren, Emir; Ucar, Zeki; Duygulu, Ethem (2016). "Silence Speaks in the Workplace: Uncovering the Experiences of LGBT Employees in Turkey".

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By the late 19th century, homosexual contact started to decline and the focus of desire turned to young girls. Ahmet Cevdet Pasha stated:

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students organised for the first time as a student club (Gökkuşağı – in English: rainbow) and Club Gökkuşağı was officially approved by

1128: 468: 463: 187: 139: 2842: 6807: 6347: 6337: 5599: 5049: 4660: 3585: 3257: 2144: 1701:. Around 50,000 of LGBTQ members, allies, and human rights supporters participated at the Pride, walking along the waterfront street, 1257: 428: 252: 227: 5178: 4441: 3820: 3512: 7326: 7219: 7032: 6352: 6299: 6237: 5925: 5908: 5290: 4304: 2886: 2199: 1827: 1653:, officially approved by the Governor's Office, was cancelled due to large-scale public protests by an organised group of citizens. 1641: 1018: 659: 438: 358: 262: 1294:, a candidate of the left-wing People's Democratic Party (HDP), became the first openly gay man to run for the Turkish parliament. 5017: 3938: 7449: 7285: 7057: 6785: 6470: 6269: 6193: 5981: 5124: 1612: 1368: 363: 279: 77: 57: 4638: 3842: 2689: 7759: 7695: 6940: 6465: 5913: 4882: 4419: 3985: 3573:[The Constitution of the Republic of Turkey] (article 34) (in Turkish). Turkish Grand National Assembly. 16 April 2017. 1800:, making the 2013 Istanbul Pride the biggest pride ever held in Turkey. The 2014 pride attracted more than 100,000 people. The 1383:

of life and property of citizens." The ban went in effect in the 5th Mersin Pride Week, which was to be held between 1–7 July.

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hand news media noted that the ban came in the context of the steady erosion of civil liberties in Turkey following the failed

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In 2003, Turkey became the first Muslim-majority country in which a gay pride march was held. In Istanbul (since 2003) and in

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overturned a lower court's ruling and removed a child from her lesbian mother on the grounds that homosexuality is "immoral".

867:, a leading voice of the community, to successfully become the first transgender candidate for the local council elections in 7654: 7559: 7300: 7252: 7144: 7139: 6607: 6304: 6259: 6173: 6151: 6064: 4271: 2501: 2139: 1680: 4947: 2816: 955: 5724: 5427: 4859: 4697: 4192: 3490: 1040:, agreed to provide constitutional protection against discrimination for LGBTQ individuals. The draft was later cancelled. 6696: 6413: 6134: 2964: 609: 586: 576: 267: 4609:"Gay Pride in Istanbul groot succes - TV | Altijd op de hoogte van het laatste nieuws met Telegraaf.nl [tv]" 4397: 4029: 3770: 3312:

Unsafe Haven: The Security Challenges Facing Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Asylum Seekers and Refugees in Turkey

7664: 7257: 7104: 6908: 6780: 6475: 6106: 6086: 5578: 5482: 4353: 3798: 3784: 1834: 1249: 1229: 1029: 1011: 944: 852: 652: 581: 558: 390: 5658: 4375: 3337:"Who is "Queerer" and Deserves Resettlement?: Queer Asylum Seekers and Their Deservingness of Refugee Status in Turkey" 1501: 7609: 7574: 7529: 7262: 7224: 6735: 6362: 6342: 6264: 6188: 5933: 5739: 2908: 2711: 1611:, was founded as an organisation of Turkish university students, graduates and academicians, with its first office at 1135:

to military service. Some objectors must instead identify themselves as "sick" – and some were forced to undergo what

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On 29 May 2013, a parliamentary research motion regarding LGBTQ rights in Turkey was proposed and discussed in the

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case of hate murders against homosexuals, courts apply the condition of "heavy provocation" and lower sentences.

1253: 1025: 948: 731: 543: 343: 202: 5215:"Neoliberal governmentality and the (de)politicisation of LGBT rights: The case of the European Union in Turkey" 3916: 7705: 7584: 7579: 7459: 7381: 7357: 7290: 7109: 6834: 6500: 6198: 6127: 5896: 3638:[Press Release Regarding the 28th Istanbul LGBTI+ Pride Week and the 18th Pride Parade]. Archived from 3044: 2374: 2223: 2044: 1838: 1789:. This is a wide pedestrian boulevard and one of Istanbul's most important public spaces, the frequent home of 840: 284: 106: 5542: 4833: 4730: 1675:

was evicted from its premises as the landlady was not happy with the fact that the organisation was promoting

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since 1951, but same-sex couples are not given the same legal protections available to heterosexual couples.

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Arat, Zehra F. Kabasakal; Nuňez, Caryl (2017). "Advancing LGBT Rights in Turkey: Tolerance or Protection?".

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Sexual Orientation and Transgender Issues in Organizations: Global Perspectives on LGBT Workforce Diversity

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Can Çavuşoğlu, a Turkish activist, has launched a campaign as the first openly gay mayoral candidate of

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came out as gay and was subsequently banned from refereeing football matches. In December 2015, the

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Gay Turks and human rights activists chanting slogans against the Turkish government's policies on

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On 30 June 2013, the pride parade attracted almost 100,000 people. The protesters were joined by

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Throughout the 1990s, reports by IHD, Turkey's Human Rights Association as well as international

856: 503: 348: 308: 3221: 3123:"TURKEY: Conscientious objector Mehmet Bal beaten in prison | War Resisters' International" 2515: 2219:"Decolonizing Decriminalization Analyses: Did the Ottomans Decriminalize Homosexuality in 1858?" 1786: 1738: 754: 4015: 2284: 6920: 6829: 6792: 6678: 6663: 6480: 6418: 6405: 6379: 6247: 6178: 6122: 6041: 5834: 5809: 5770: 5362: 5343: 5324: 5305: 5286: 5253: 5199: 5157: 3356: 3144: 2628: 2250: 2195: 1364: 1345: 1165: 999: 715: 538: 528: 493: 301: 257: 116: 5357:Ünan, Ayşe Deniz (2015). "Gezi Protests and the LGBT Rights Movement: A Relation in Motion". 1235:

The main opposition, CHP, proposed gay rights to the Turkish parliament on 14 February 2013.

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people. The Law on Misdemeanours is often used to impose fines against transgender persons.

1080: 1069: 6884: 6817: 6797: 6728: 6723: 6668: 6641: 6552: 6525: 6203: 6168: 4308: 4111: 3318: 2641: 2457: 1790: 1672: 1633: 1575: 1563: 1399:

Attitudes towards the legalization of same-sex unions in Turkey are mixed. A 2015 poll by

1143:

photographic proof. A small number have had to undergo humiliating medical examinations."

1002:

in that constitution. It was rejected by the biggest party in the Turkish Parliament, the

860: 848: 824: 707: 619: 513: 488: 353: 192: 67: 5359:

Creativity and Humour in Occupy Movements: Intellectual Disobedience in Turkey and Beyond

5125:"An Overview of LGBT Rights and Health Legislation in Turkey from an Ethical Perspective" 4301: 4125:"TÜRKİYE'DE CİNSEL YÖNELİM VEYA CİNSİYET KİMLİĞİ TEMELİNDE AYRIMCILIĞIN İZLENMESİ RAPORU" 1924:

Anti-discrimination laws in all other areas (incl. indirect discrimination, hate speech)

1248:

In August 2013, three major political parties in the parliament including the secularist

1232:, or CHP. She was the first transgender lawmaker of Turkey during the general elections. 1177: 706:(young male slave dancers). The Ottoman Penal Code of 1858 was heavily influenced by the 3586:"Tens of thousands take to the streets in Istanbul's Gay Pride parade | DW | 29.06.2014" 1184: 835:

Original T-shirt designed for the first Christopher Street Day celebration march in 1993

6740: 6520: 6443: 6076: 5844: 5805: 5611: 5594: 5568: 5283:

Research Handbook of International and Comparative Perspectives on Diversity Management

5179:"The LGBT Community in Turkey: Discrimination, Violence, and the Struggle for Equality" 5024: 4218: 1801: 1759: 1752: 1748: 1728: 1694: 1628: 1554: 1497: 1337: 1055: 966: 936: 927: 903: 899: 768: 750: 695: 604: 518: 296: 274: 4948:"Istanbul police use tear gas to disperse gay pride march | DW | 30.06.2019" 1804:

praised Turkey that the parade went ahead without disruption. On Sunday 29 June 2015,

1733: 1570:, was finally overturned by the country's Supreme Court of Appeal on 22 January 2009. 998:

In May 2012, the BDP requested the writers of the new Turkish constitution to include

7753: 7728: 6872: 6812: 6713: 6453: 6448: 6081: 6026: 5817: 5690: 5240: 5088: 3368: 2739:"It Does Turkish LGBTQ+ People No Favors to Pretend Turkey Is a Homophobic Nightmare" 2262: 2209: 2121: 1782: 1646: 1601: 1549: 1242: 1189: 787: 548: 508: 5169: 1819:

yet again banned the LGBTQ Pride Parade, citing security concerns and public order.

6844: 6802: 6428: 5879: 5702: 4992:"Turkey: More than 200 arrests in Istanbul as LGBTQ marchers try to defy Pride ban" 4564: 3122: 2107: 1808:

reported that Turkish police used a water cannon to disperse the gay pride parade

1626:

In June 2003, the first public LGBTQ pride march in Turkey's history, organised by

1327:

respected, and cited examples of same-sex marriages in Europe and in the Americas.

1105: 992: 642: 614: 5153: 3352: 2236: 2039: 2000: 1879: 1866: 1092:

Gay sexual conduct between consenting adults in private is not a crime in Turkey.

5114: 5097: 2864: 7738: 6708: 6019: 5663: 5547: 3336: 2159: 1763: 1676: 1559: 1271:, Çavuşoğlu announced a bid to run in the Black Sea region, a town of Bulancak, 1224:

In 2011, Öykü Evren Özen, a transgender woman from the northwestern province of

864: 727: 719: 703: 325: 169: 165: 5434:

travelogue of Istanbul, including a comprehensive review of gay clubs and tips.

4350:"Lambdaistanbul Lezbiyen Gey Biseksüel Travesti Transseksüel Dayanışma Derneği" 3270:"Transsexual activist candidate to main opposition's list for Bursa – POLITICS" 3167: 3145:"Turkey: Homophobic Violence Points to Rights Crisis | Human Rights Watch" 1139:

calls "humiliating and degrading" examinations to "prove" their homosexuality.

5632: 5080: 4586: 3071:"CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF TURKEY: REFERRING TO GAYS AS PERVERTS IS HATE SPEECH" 2097: 1841: 1201: 5231: 5214: 4966:"More than 300 LGBTQ activists in Istanbul are released after being detained" 3360: 2084: 2068: 2056: 2027: 2015: 1988: 1976: 1964: 1952: 1940: 1928: 1916: 1904: 1892: 1562:, established in 1993 in Istanbul, was sued on the charges of acting against 1283:

Code of Discipline that would allow members of the military to serve openly.

1238:

Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) individuals are among the most

4815:"Eleven arrested at Istanbul Pride as march goes ahead despite official ban" 3545:"Turkish Court says gay sex is natural in ruling against pornography vendor" 3513:"Turkish court issues first verdict in 'gay garbage men case' - Turkey News" 1340:

parade in June 2015, which overlapped with the Muslim holy fasting month of

983: 931: 791: 5415: 5161: 4635:"Taksim'deki Onur Yürüyüşü'ne BBC yorumu: Bugüne kadar... - Milliyet Haber" 3939:"Mersin'de Onur Haftası etkinlikleri 'genel ahlak' gerekçesiyle yasaklandı" 2912: 2715: 2686:"Taksim'deki Onur Yürüyüşü'ne BBC yorumu: Bugüne kadar... – Milliyet Haber" 2254: 714:

period. LGBTQ people have had the right to seek asylum in Turkey under the

29: 5319:

Sansal, Barbaros (2021). "LGBTQ Rights in Turkey: Do Not Touch My Body!".

4498: 4472: 3408: 2191: 1173: 851:

was created to campaign on behalf of LGBTQ rights in Turkey. In 1994, the

6932: 6574: 6564: 5891: 1775: 1742: 1698: 1657: 1312: 1085: 1074: 1003: 978: 868: 758: 711: 5340:

LGBTI Politics and Value Change in Ukraine and Turkey: Exporting Europe?

3636:"28. İstanbul LGBTİ+ Onur Haftası ve 18. Onur Yürüyüşü Basın Açıklaması" 2245: 638: 5563: 5431: 5389: 4782: 4542: 2938: 2786: 1805: 1664: 1637: 1593: 1545: 1518: 1341: 1272: 962:

was ordered to pay 23,000 lira in compensation for dismissing Dinçdağ.

940: 161: 157: 7342: 4883:"Turkish opposition deputy questions gov't over banning pride marches" 4142:"Targeted by Erdogan, Turkey's LGBT+ community face 'tsunami of hate'" 3986:"Public Perceptions of Gender Roles and the Status of Women in Turkey" 2986: 2357: 1290:

publicly announced that they will have LGBTQ and Feminist candidates.

930:

parade attracted almost 100,000 people. The protesters were joined by

6569: 5762: 5757: 3813:"17 detained during press statement over Pride ban in Turkey's İzmir" 2496: 2494: 2375:"What Ottoman erotica teaches us about sexual pluralism | Aeon Ideas" 1771: 1585: 1360: 1268: 1047:

ruled that referring to gays as "perverted" constitutes hate speech.

920: 699: 684: 42: 36: 1228:, has become a candidate for deputy from the main opposition party, 4057:"Was Ahmed Yildiz the victim of Turkey's first gay honour killing?" 911:

The legal framework is not adequately aligned with the EU acquis...

5467: 5196:

LGBTI Rights in Turkey: Sexuality and the State in the Middle East

3321:, a joint publication of Helsinki Citizens' Assembly – Turkey and 2543:"Was Ahmet Yildiz the victim of Turkey's first gay honor killing?" 2450: 2184:

LGBTI Rights in Turkey: Sexuality and the State in the Middle East

1767: 1713: 1616: 1400: 1225: 1208: 1183: 1172: 1079: 1068: 971: 830: 680: 173: 3754:"İzmir LGBTI+ Pride Week and Antalya Pride Week Banned - english" 965:

On 21 September 2011, the Minister of Family and Social Policies

5412:– Gays & Lesbians aus der Türkei (based in Berlin / Germany) 5403: 3785:"Governor of İstanbul Rejects Pride March Application - english" 3736:"A Pride march in Ankara has been violently broken up by police" 1900:

Anti-discrimination laws in the provision of goods and services

1705:. It started on Kıbrıs Şehitleri Avune and it ended in front of 1687: 1505: 1051: 823:

Some openly gay people were able to be successful in the 1980s.

7346: 6936: 5728: 5471: 4420:"Court lifts ban on LGBT Pride events in Turkey's capital city" 3431:"Meet The Pro-Gay, Pro-Women Party Shaking Up Turkish Politics" 2599: 2480: 1936:

Hate crime laws include sexual orientation and gender identity

1496:

Homosexuality is a taboo subject in Turkey and the culture of "

4398:"In Turkey, Ankara Wakes Up to Court Lifting LGBTI Events Ban" 3965:"Nearly Half of People Think LGBTI+s Should Have Equal Rights" 3843:"7. İzmir LGBTİ+ Onur Yürüyüşü'ne polis saldırısı: 17 gözaltı" 3405:"Turkey's main opposition proposed labor bill for LGBT people" 2481:"Ehrenmord in der Türkei: "Jeder soll wissen, ich bin schwul"" 5437: 5418:

LGBTI Equal Rights Association for Western Balkans and Turkey

1544:

The major LGBTQ community-based civil rights organisation is

3771:"'On What Grounds is Pride Parade not Permitted?' - english" 3639: 3325:– Organization for Refuge, Asylum & Migration, June 2009 3012:"LGBT hakları, 'eşitlik' maddesinin gerekçesinde yer alacak" 4852:"Authorities block Pride March in second Istanbul location" 3799:"'Love Wins': Court Suspends İzmir Pride Week Ban - bianet" 3483:"Turkish man sacked for gay relationship wins legal battle" 3457:"Turkey now has its first ever gay parliamentary candidate" 3383:"Can Cavusoglu wants to be Turkey's first openly gay mayor" 1996:

Adoption by single people regardless of sexual orientation

1275:, home to about 60,000, in the March 2014 local elections. 977:

On 9 January 2012, a columnist named Serdar Arseven for an

3222:"Başbakanlık Mevzuatı Geliştirme ve Yayın Genel Müdürlüğü" 2757:"Antalya ve İzmir, Onur Haftası'nı Yürüyüşle Selamlayacak" 2023:

Gays and lesbians allowed to serve openly in the military

92:

No, constitutional protection proposed but never enacted (

5461: 4834:"Istanbul pride: Hundreds of LGBTI+ campaigners defy ban" 4521:"Homosexuals demand rights at Istanbul's Gay Pride March" 4442:"Thousands march in Turkey to demand ban on LGBTQ groups" 3706:"Police violently break up student Pride march in Turkey" 2935:"Haber 10 – BDP'nin eşcinsel evlilik isteği tartışılıyor" 2504:

and the subsequent court case; accessed on 31 March 2011.

2165:

Istanbul Convention#Turkey's withdrawal of the convention

1668:

family structure." Both charges were ultimately dropped.

5449: 2500:

The German Democratic Turkey Forum (DTF) has prepared a

1663:

In September 2005, the Ankara Governor's Office accused

5323:. Springer International Publishing. pp. 141–155. 5304:. Springer International Publishing. pp. 217–232. 3909:"Turkey's southern province of Mersin bans Pride March" 2883:"LGBT gains recognition from government for first time" 995:

fine and Serdar Arseven with 2,000 TL for hate speech.

5409: 4167:"İstanbul Valiliği: Onur yürüyüşüne izin verilmeyecek" 3291:"Gay rights proposed to Turkish Parliament – POLITICS" 2813:"ARTS-CULTURE – Istanbul becoming proud of Pride Week" 2047:, medical examination, and with a court's permission) 1548:, established in 1994 in Ankara by students including 4801:"Governor's Office bans LGBT Pride March in Istanbul" 4469:"19. LGBTT Onur Haftası, Onur Yürüyüşü ile Sona Erdi" 4272:""Public Morality" Disturbed by LTGB organization..." 3611:"Istanbul LGBT march banned over 'security concerns'" 2300:"The Tanzimat: Secular Reforms in the Ottoman Empire" 875:

refusing to allow these public events to take place.

5428:

Istanbul: Asia meets Europe and Ancient meets modern

2712:"İzmir'de İlk Onur Yürüyüşünde Sokaklar Doldu Taştı" 2516:"Soul-Searching in Turkey After a Gay Man Is Killed" 1348:, it was held online with no official interference. 1010:, while supported by the main opposition party, the 987:

wrote an article calling LGBTQ people perverts. The

7678: 7638: 7380: 7319: 7271: 7233: 6970: 6677: 6595: 6511: 6404: 6330: 6285: 6230: 6221: 6115: 6063: 6054: 6007: 5974: 5924: 5843: 5804: 5778: 5769: 5646: 5625: 5587: 5556: 5535: 5519: 5503: 5443: 5183:

Creighton International and Comparative Law Journal

4302:

Turkey: Court Shows Bias, Dissolves Lambda Istanbul

3531:"The heavy price to pay for a sex change in Turkey" 2451:

report of Kaos GL: Turkey's LGBT History: The 1990s

1452:"Same-sex couples should not be allowed to marry or 115: 105: 100: 86: 76: 66: 56: 20: 5654:List of victims of anti-LGBT hate crimes in Turkey 1437:"Same-sex couples should be allowed to obtain some 5321:Human Rights in Turkey: Assaults on Human Dignity 4376:"6th İzmir Pride Parade: 'We'll Walk Up to Fear'" 1200:, but the general public opinion was that he was 902:. The wish of the Turkish Government to join the 4219:"Ankara Valiliği'nden LGBT etkinliklerine yasak" 2285:"What LGBTQ travelers need to know about Turkey" 1375:, authorities arrested 25 students during that. 1168:, Ex-Minister of Women and Family Affairs, 2010 679:Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer ( 5177:McClain, Michael; Waite-Wright, Olenka (2016). 3765: 3763: 3662:"Turkish capital bans LGBT cinema, exhibitions" 1158: 93: 82:No, LGBT people are not allowed to serve openly 5023:(4721, 40) (in Turkish). 2001. Archived from 4729:. in.reuters.com. 28 June 2015. Archived from 4246:"Defending Human Rights in Turkey: Yasemin Öz" 4081:The series can be found under the headline of 3190: 3188: 3039: 3037: 2961:"BDP'nin eşcinsel evlilik isteği tartışılıyor" 943:. Politicians from the main opposition party, 7358: 6948: 5740: 5483: 5250:The Routledge Handbook on Contemporary Turkey 5096:Biçmen, Zümrüt; Bekiroğulları, Zafer (2014). 4030:"The Global Divide on Homosexuality Persists" 4006: 4004: 4002: 2909:"Biz Üskül'ü Eleştirdik Davayı Kaos GL Açtı!" 1837:(CHP) lodged a parliamentary question to the 1441:kind of legal recognition, but not to marry." 660: 8: 5272:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4297: 4295: 4293: 4291: 3018:(in Turkish). 12 August 2013. Archived from 1712:In April 2019, Ankara court lifted a ban on 72:Gender reassignment surgery legal since 1988 5404:Lambdaistanbul LGBTQ Solidarity Association 5123:Ekmekei, Perihan Elif; Arda, Berna (2017). 3045:"Hopes fade for a new Turkish constitution" 7365: 7351: 7343: 6955: 6941: 6933: 6674: 6227: 6060: 5775: 5747: 5733: 5725: 5490: 5476: 5468: 5098:"Social Problems of LGBT People in Turkey" 4328:"Appeals court says gay rights unit is OK" 3869:"LGBTI+ Events Banned in Mersin - english" 3006: 3004: 2064:Commercial surrogacy for gay male couples 1656:The organisations actively participate in 667: 653: 126: 28: 17: 5361:. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 75–94. 5230: 5113: 5102:Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 4753:"T.C. İstanbul Valiliği - BASIN DUYURUSU" 2839:"Gay rights in Turkey face uphill battle" 2566: 2564: 2474: 2472: 2369: 2367: 2365: 2244: 2155:Accession of Turkey to the European Union 5607:March against Homophobia and Transphobia 3684:"Turkey: End Ankara Ban on LGBTI Events" 3168:"Proving you're gay to the Turkish army" 2987:"Tension in Parliament over LGBT Rights" 2421:Martin, Susan Taylor (17 January 2003). 1972:Step-child adoption by same-sex couples 1862:Same-sex sexual activity decriminalized 1858: 1747: 1732: 1660:education programs and May Day parades. 1528: 1406: 763: 745: 111:No recognition of same-sex relationships 45: (darker shade) – [ 4637:. Dunya.milliyet.com.tr. Archived from 4543:"İstiklal Caddesi 10 bin renk! - Genel" 4497:. KAOS GL. 24 June 2011. Archived from 3241:"Eşcinsellik hastalık, tedavi edilmeli" 2276: 1888:Anti-discrimination laws in employment 1391:According to a survey conducted by the 138: 5265: 4093: 4091: 4014:. Ipsos. 29 March 2015. Archived from 3686:. Human Rights Watch. 14 February 2019 2637: 2626: 1912:Anti-discrimination laws in education 1456:obtain any kind of legal recognition." 1192:, one of the prominent figures of the 855:banned discrimination on the basis of 710:, as part of wider reforms during the 1828:Member of the Grand National Assembly 1785:before marching the entire length of 1607:In 1996, another LGBTQ organisation, 1504:, a 26-year-old Kurdish gay man from 1207:No laws exist in Turkey that protect 1096:Recognition of same-sex relationships 7: 6903: 6891: 4352:. Lambdaistanbul.org. Archived from 2865:"Gay referee wins Turkey court case" 2656:"Gay Pride in Istanbul groot succes" 2312:from the original on 17 October 2016 2298:Ishtiaq Hussain (15 February 2011). 1686:In 2011, advocacy and support group 4523:. Hürriyet Daily News. 27 June 2011 4400:. Human Rights Watch. 25 April 2019 3084:Anti-LGBTI push at U.N. falls short 2989:(in Turkish). Ntvmsnbc. 29 May 2013 2358:https://rainbowmap.ilga-europe.org/ 2145:Timeline of LGBTQ history in Turkey 1984:Joint adoption by same-sex couples 1422:"Same-sex couples should be allowed 1371:(METU). According to a report from 1129:European Convention on Human Rights 559:Political ideologies regarding LGBT 5600:Genetically Modified Tomato Awards 5579:Pyramid LGBT Diyarbakır Initiative 5440:, English-only LGBTI news website. 5406:, Istanbul-based LGBTQ association 4565:"EUROPRIDE BID FOR 2015, ISTANBUL" 4330:. Hurriyet.com.tr. 24 January 2009 3668:. 19 November 2017. Archived from 3198:. 17 November 2015. Archived from 3073:. LGBTI News Turkey. 17 July 2014. 2514:Bilefsky, Dan (26 November 2009). 2502:report with details on the killing 2334:. 11 November 2015. Archived from 1683:and Lambda Istanbul remains open. 1598:Piramid LGBT Diyarbakır Initiative 1108:or domestic partnership benefits. 954:In 2009, amateur football referee 14: 7332:Sovereign Military Order of Malta 4587:"Gay Pride İstanbul - 01.07.2012" 3239:BİLDİRİCİ, Faruk (7 March 2010). 3166:Azizlerli, Emre (26 March 2012). 2479:Yücel, Deniz (7 September 2009). 2043:(Since 1988, in conjunction with 7733: 7724: 7723: 6914: 6902: 6890: 6879: 6878: 6866: 6270:Court of Jurisdictional Disputes 5756: 5707: 5706: 5696: 5684: 4972:. Associated Press. 27 June 2022 4467:Tahaoğlu, Çicek (27 June 2011). 4270:Çakır, Bawer (29 October 2009). 4055:Birch, Nicholas (19 July 2008). 2737:Networks, Hornet (8 July 2018). 2114: 2100: 2083: 2067: 2055: 2038: 2026: 2014: 1999: 1987: 1975: 1963: 1960:Recognition of same-sex couples 1951: 1939: 1927: 1915: 1903: 1891: 1878: 1865: 1613:Middle East Technical University 1525:LGBTQ civil rights organisations 1369:Middle East Technical University 974:citizens should be recognised." 637: 364:Criminalization of homosexuality 148: 6915: 5458:, LGBTI Radio Station in Turkey 5378:Gender, Work & Organization 3883:"Mersin'de Onur Haftası yasağı" 2787:"İstiklal Caddesi 10 bin renk!" 2541:Nicholas Birch (19 July 2008). 2140:LGBTQ rights in Northern Cyprus 1770:demonstration held annually in 1131:– withholds any recognition of 991:penalised Yeni Akit with 4,000 863:within the party and nominated 7691:British Indian Ocean Territory 5198:. Cambridge University Press. 4611:. Telegraaf.nl. Archived from 4250:Netherlands Helsinki Committee 4225:(in Turkish). 19 November 2017 4193:"Onur Yürüyüşü'nde 20 gözaltı" 4097:The report can be accessed at 3584:(www.dw.com), Deutsche Welle. 3335:Koçak, Mert (2 January 2020). 2186:. Cambridge University Press. 1306:Gender identity and expression 1065:Legality of same-sex relations 947:and another opposition party, 841:Radical Democratic Green Party 1: 5213:Muehlenhoff, Hanna L (2019). 5154:10.1080/00918369.2016.1236598 3712:. 10 May 2019. Archived from 3571:Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasası 3353:10.1080/19436149.2020.1704506 2688:. 1 July 2013. Archived from 2572:"TURKEY 2009 PROGRESS REPORT" 2423:"Floridian: A city comes out" 2237:10.1080/00918369.2020.1715142 2035:Right to change legal gender 1846:Justice and Development Party 1707:Türkan Saylan Cultural Center 1315:, Ankara, İzmir and Antalya. 6761:Intangible cultural heritage 6107:Southeastern Anatolia Region 5939:Proclamation of the republic 5115:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.029 4887:Stockholm Center for Freedom 4244:Tunali, Tan (30 June 2020). 4101:; accessed on 31 March 2011. 4085:; accessed on 31 March 2011. 2460:. Retrieved 16 October 2009. 1681:Turkish Constitutional Court 1642:Ministry of Interior Affairs 1286:In 2015, pro-LGBTQ Kurdish, 1256:on the matter, conservative 853:Freedom and Solidarity Party 554:Political parties affiliates 107:Recognition of relationships 6032:Ancient peoples of Anatolia 4661:"100.000 KİŞİ! DİLE KOLAY!" 4114:; accessed on 31 March 2011 3258:2009 Turkey Progress Report 2217:Ozsoy, Elif Ceylan (2021). 2052:Access to IVF for lesbians 1196:who never commented on his 1124:compulsory military service 1006:, and an opposition party, 960:Turkish Football Federation 7776: 5863:Conquest of Constantinople 5452:, HEVI LGBTI+ Association. 5424:, Turkish LGBTQ Community. 5338:Shevtsova, Maryna (2021). 4422:. Pink News. 20 April 2019 4199:(in Turkish). 22 June 2019 4173:(in Turkish). 17 June 2016 3889:(in Turkish). 26 June 2019 1875:Equal age of consent (18) 1817:Istanbul Governor's Office 1726: 1693:On June 10, 2018, the 6th 1582:Pink Life LGBT Association 1460: 1445: 1430: 1154:Discrimination protections 1115: 1100:Turkey does not recognise 887:human rights organizations 813: 782:LGBT in the Ottoman Empire 779: 88:Discrimination protections 7719: 6862: 6370:The constitutional system 5902:Second Constitutional Era 5887:Decline and modernization 5679: 5081:10.1007/s12142-016-0439-x 4471:. KAOS GL. Archived from 2332:"islam and homosexuality" 2072:(Banned for all couples) 1835:Republican People's Party 1781:Participants assemble in 1331:Restriction of expression 1288:Peoples' Democratic Party 1230:Republican People's Party 776:During the Ottoman Empire 689:Muslim-majority countries 27: 7440:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 6353:Ministry of the Interior 6338:Administrative divisions 5897:First Constitutional Era 5232:10.1177/0263395718770890 5142:Journal of Homosexuality 4307:13 November 2008 at the 2224:Journal of Homosexuality 2080:allowed to donate blood 2045:sex reassignment surgery 1839:Vice President of Turkey 1793:and regional festivals. 7701:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 6300:Parliamentary elections 6102:Eastern Anatolia Region 6097:Central Anatolia Region 5779:Ancient and Middle Ages 5511:LGBTQ history in Turkey 5446:, LGBTI Union in Turkey 4567:. Facebook. 4 July 2012 4083:"Hate Crimes in Turkey" 2761:Siyah Pembe Üçgen İzmir 2487:– via www.taz.de. 1194:Turkish classical music 1133:conscientious objection 7760:LGBTQ rights in Turkey 7013:Bosnia and Herzegovina 6964:LGBTQ rights in Europe 6471:Science and technology 6305:Presidential elections 5786:Prehistory of Anatolia 5671:Human rights in Turkey 5527:LGBTQ rights in Turkey 5194:Muedini, Fait (2018). 4589:. YouTube. 1 July 2012 4495:"Stonewall'dan Bugüne" 4197:www.gazeteduvar.com.tr 3887:www.gazeteduvar.com.tr 3317:5 October 2011 at the 3226:www.resmigazete.gov.tr 3147:. Hrw.org. 21 May 2008 2182:Muedini, Fait (2018). 2150:Human rights in Turkey 2130:LGBTQ rights in Europe 1756: 1745: 1541: 1502:murder of Ahmet Yıldız 1220: 1204: 1181: 1162: 1089: 1077: 1045:Turkey's Supreme Court 836: 816:LGBT history in Turkey 804: 772: 761: 62:Decriminalised in 1858 22:LGBTQ rights in Turkey 6466:Free trade agreements 6348:Intelligence Services 6145:North Anatolian Fault 5464:LGBTI News in English 2485:Die Tageszeitung: Taz 2192:10.1017/9781108265133 1751: 1736: 1532: 1373:Amnesty International 1215: 1187: 1176: 1083: 1072: 956:Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ 891:Amnesty International 834: 799: 767: 749: 627:LGBT people in prison 7615:United Arab Emirates 7374:LGBT rights in Asia 6850:World heritage sites 6375:Turkish Armed Forces 6260:Constitutional Court 6174:Flora and vegetation 6152:Environmental issues 6140:East Anatolian Fault 6087:Mediterranean Region 4881:SCF (25 June 2019). 4862:on 12 September 2021 3672:on 19 November 2017. 3341:Middle East Critique 2428:St. Petersburg Times 2135:LGBTQ rights in Asia 1798:Gezi Park protesters 1393:Kadir Has University 1281:Turkish Armed Forces 1073:X Large Gay Club in 1019:parliament of Turkey 434:Military and Veteran 7642:limited recognition 7234:States with limited 6419:Banking and Finance 6037:History of Anatolia 5934:War of Independence 5926:Republic of Türkiye 5823:Battle of Manzikert 5617:Pink Life QueerFest 5069:Human Rights Review 5050:"Have you had MSM?" 4763:on 14 December 2018 4703:on 15 November 2013 4448:. 18 September 2022 4034:Pew Research Center 3517:Hürriyet Daily News 3493:on 12 February 2019 3435:The Huffington Post 3245:www.hurriyet.com.tr 3101:Hürriyet Daily News 3022:on 11 December 2013 2871:. 29 December 2015. 2845:on 11 November 2013 2819:on 3 September 2011 2718:on 10 November 2014 2602:on 13 February 2012 2456:24 May 2009 at the 1948:Same-sex marriages 1409: 224:Transgender rights 6476:Telecommunications 6265:Court of Cassation 5966:Multi-party period 5875:Ottoman Old Regime 5796:Byzantine Anatolia 5791:Classical Anatolia 5390:10.1111/gwao.12122 5018:Turkish Civil Code 4641:on 4 November 2013 4356:on 29 January 2010 4314:Human Rights Watch 3716:on 7 November 2020 3642:on 1 December 2020 3551:. 20 February 2013 3533:. 20 January 2020. 3519:. 30 January 2019. 3293:. 15 February 2013 3202:on 24 October 2017 3051:. 18 November 2013 2967:on 8 December 2015 2692:on 4 November 2013 2338:on 25 October 2015 2009:Conversion therapy 1757: 1746: 1568:Human Rights Watch 1542: 1510:Human Rights Watch 1426:to marry legally." 1407: 1252:which worked with 1205: 1198:sexual orientation 1182: 1137:Human Rights Watch 1102:same-sex marriages 1090: 1078: 989:Court of Cassation 857:sexual orientation 839:In the 1980s, the 837: 773: 762: 349:Conversion therapy 203:Germany (pre-1933) 7747: 7746: 7684:other territories 7340: 7339: 6930: 6929: 6858: 6857: 6400: 6399: 6343:Foreign relations 6317:Political parties 6217: 6216: 6050: 6049: 6042:History of Thrace 5944:Atatürk's reforms 5835:Anatolian beyliks 5722: 5721: 5691:Turkey portal 5438:LGBTI News Turkey 5368:978-1-137-47363-9 5349:978-1-000-37545-9 5330:978-3-030-57476-5 5311:978-3-319-29623-4 5259:978-0-429-26403-0 5205:978-1-108-41724-2 4832:Sheena McKenzie. 3615:www.aljazeera.com 3411:on 19 August 2015 3086:Erasing 76 Crimes 2915:on 12 August 2014 2636:Missing or empty 2305:. Faith Matters. 2231:(12): 1979–2002. 2091: 2090: 1774:'s biggest city, 1690:was established. 1649:organised by the 1492:Living conditions 1485: 1484: 1354:2016 coup attempt 1346:COVID-19 pandemic 1319:Media regulations 1166:Selma Aliye Kavaf 1054:countries in the 1043:On 17 July 2014, 1000:same-sex marriage 981:newspaper called 926:On 30 June 2013, 810:Republican period 716:Geneva Convention 677: 676: 539:Sexual revolution 494:Bisexual politics 253:Decriminalization 125: 124: 35:Location of 7767: 7737: 7727: 7726: 7696:Christmas Island 7382:Sovereign states 7367: 7360: 7353: 7344: 7272:Dependencies and 6971:Sovereign states 6957: 6950: 6943: 6934: 6918: 6917: 6906: 6905: 6894: 6893: 6882: 6881: 6870: 6675: 6560:Cities and towns 6541:Turkish language 6496:Turkish Airlines 6312:Electoral system 6275:Council of State 6228: 6162:Waste management 6092:Black Sea Region 6070: 6061: 6015:Turkic migration 5961:One-party period 5830:Sultanate of Rum 5776: 5761: 5760: 5749: 5742: 5735: 5726: 5710: 5709: 5703:LGBTQ portal 5701: 5700: 5699: 5689: 5688: 5687: 5492: 5485: 5478: 5469: 5393: 5372: 5353: 5334: 5315: 5296: 5285:. Elgar Online. 5277: 5271: 5263: 5244: 5234: 5209: 5190: 5173: 5148:(8): 1052–1068. 5136: 5129:Medicine and Law 5119: 5117: 5092: 5054: 5053: 5046: 5040: 5039: 5037: 5035: 5029: 5022: 5014: 5008: 5007: 5005: 5003: 4988: 4982: 4981: 4979: 4977: 4962: 4956: 4955: 4944: 4938: 4937: 4935: 4933: 4924:. Archived from 4918: 4912: 4911: 4904: 4898: 4897: 4895: 4893: 4878: 4872: 4871: 4869: 4867: 4858:. Archived from 4848: 4842: 4841: 4829: 4823: 4822: 4811: 4805: 4804: 4797: 4791: 4790: 4779: 4773: 4772: 4770: 4768: 4759:. Archived from 4749: 4743: 4742: 4740: 4738: 4719: 4713: 4712: 4710: 4708: 4702: 4696:. Archived from 4695: 4687: 4681: 4680: 4678: 4676: 4667:. 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In July 2005, 1621:Bilgi University 1536:parade in 2012, 1410: 1260:and nationalist 1169: 1118:Pink certificate 1112:Military service 802:state of nature. 771:in Taksim Square 669: 662: 655: 641: 424:Community centre 280:Military service 220:Social attitudes 152: 142: 127: 32: 18: 7775: 7774: 7770: 7769: 7768: 7766: 7765: 7764: 7750: 7749: 7748: 7743: 7715: 7683: 7674: 7655:Northern Cyprus 7641: 7634: 7376: 7371: 7341: 7336: 7315: 7273: 7267: 7253:Northern Cyprus 7235: 7229: 7145:North Macedonia 6966: 6961: 6931: 6926: 6854: 6673: 6669:Women in Turkey 6637:Law enforcement 6591: 6587:Life expectancy 6553:Islam in Turkey 6507: 6396: 6358:National Police 6326: 6281: 6213: 6204:Turkish Riviera 6111: 6068: 6067: 6046: 6003: 5970: 5949:Language reform 5920: 5839: 5800: 5765: 5755: 5753: 5723: 5718: 5705: 5697: 5695: 5685: 5683: 5675: 5642: 5621: 5583: 5552: 5543:Enderûnlu Fâzıl 5531: 5515: 5499: 5498:LGBTQ in Turkey 5496: 5400: 5375: 5369: 5356: 5350: 5337: 5331: 5318: 5312: 5299: 5293: 5280: 5264: 5260: 5247: 5212: 5206: 5193: 5176: 5139: 5122: 5095: 5066: 5063: 5061:Further reading 5058: 5057: 5048: 5047: 5043: 5033: 5031: 5030:on 14 July 2023 5027: 5020: 5016: 5015: 5011: 5001: 4999: 4990: 4989: 4985: 4975: 4973: 4964: 4963: 4959: 4946: 4945: 4941: 4931: 4929: 4920: 4919: 4915: 4906: 4905: 4901: 4891: 4889: 4880: 4879: 4875: 4865: 4863: 4850: 4849: 4845: 4831: 4830: 4826: 4819:The Independent 4813: 4812: 4808: 4799: 4798: 4794: 4781: 4780: 4776: 4766: 4764: 4757:istanbul.gov.tr 4751: 4750: 4746: 4736: 4734: 4733:on 7 March 2016 4721: 4720: 4716: 4706: 4704: 4700: 4693: 4689: 4688: 4684: 4674: 4672: 4671:on 4 March 2016 4659: 4658: 4654: 4644: 4642: 4633: 4632: 4628: 4618: 4616: 4615:on 28 July 2017 4607: 4606: 4602: 4592: 4590: 4585: 4584: 4580: 4570: 4568: 4563: 4562: 4558: 4548: 4546: 4541: 4540: 4536: 4526: 4524: 4519: 4518: 4514: 4504: 4502: 4493: 4492: 4488: 4478: 4476: 4466: 4465: 4461: 4451: 4449: 4440: 4439: 4435: 4425: 4423: 4418: 4417: 4413: 4403: 4401: 4396: 4395: 4391: 4381: 4379: 4374: 4373: 4369: 4359: 4357: 4348: 4347: 4343: 4333: 4331: 4326: 4325: 4321: 4309:Wayback Machine 4300: 4289: 4279: 4277: 4269: 4268: 4264: 4254: 4252: 4243: 4242: 4238: 4228: 4226: 4223:BBC News Türkçe 4217: 4216: 4212: 4202: 4200: 4191: 4190: 4186: 4176: 4174: 4171:BBC News Türkçe 4165: 4164: 4160: 4150: 4148: 4140: 4139: 4135: 4127: 4123: 4122: 4118: 4109: 4105: 4096: 4089: 4080: 4076: 4066: 4064: 4054: 4053: 4049: 4039: 4037: 4028: 4027: 4023: 4018:on 3 June 2015. 4010: 4009: 4000: 3990: 3988: 3984: 3983: 3979: 3969: 3967: 3963: 3962: 3958: 3948: 3946: 3937: 3936: 3932: 3922: 3920: 3919:on 14 July 2019 3907: 3906: 3902: 3892: 3890: 3881: 3880: 3876: 3867: 3866: 3862: 3852: 3850: 3841: 3840: 3836: 3826: 3824: 3811: 3810: 3806: 3797: 3796: 3792: 3783: 3782: 3778: 3769: 3768: 3761: 3752: 3751: 3747: 3740:www.amnesty.org 3734: 3733: 3729: 3719: 3717: 3704: 3703: 3699: 3689: 3687: 3682: 3681: 3677: 3660: 3659: 3655: 3645: 3643: 3634: 3633: 3629: 3619: 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Istanbul 825:Murathan Mungan 818: 812: 784: 778: 755:İstiklal Avenue 744: 708:Napoleonic Code 673: 632: 631: 620:Minority rights 600: 592: 591: 572: 564: 563: 514:Homonationalism 484: 476: 475: 404: 396: 395: 354:Corrective rape 339: 331: 330: 248: 240: 239: 215:Intersex rights 183: 140: 68:Gender identity 52: 51: 23: 12: 11: 5: 7773: 7771: 7763: 7762: 7752: 7751: 7745: 7744: 7742: 7741: 7731: 7720: 7717: 7716: 7714: 7713: 7708: 7703: 7698: 7693: 7687: 7685: 7676: 7675: 7673: 7672: 7667: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7646: 7644: 7636: 7635: 7633: 7632: 7627: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7592: 7587: 7582: 7577: 7572: 7567: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7532: 7527: 7522: 7517: 7512: 7507: 7502: 7497: 7492: 7487: 7482: 7477: 7472: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7437: 7432: 7427: 7422: 7417: 7412: 7407: 7402: 7397: 7392: 7386: 7384: 7378: 7377: 7372: 7370: 7369: 7362: 7355: 7347: 7338: 7337: 7335: 7334: 7329: 7327:European Union 7323: 7321: 7320:Other entities 7317: 7316: 7314: 7313: 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6593: 6592: 6590: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6578: 6577: 6572: 6567: 6557: 6556: 6555: 6545: 6544: 6543: 6533: 6528: 6523: 6521:Turkish people 6517: 6515: 6509: 6508: 6506: 6505: 6504: 6503: 6498: 6493: 6486:Transportation 6483: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6462: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6410: 6408: 6402: 6401: 6398: 6397: 6395: 6394: 6393: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6372: 6367: 6366: 6365: 6360: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6334: 6332: 6328: 6327: 6325: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6308: 6307: 6302: 6291: 6289: 6283: 6282: 6280: 6279: 6278: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6252: 6251: 6250: 6240: 6234: 6232: 6225: 6219: 6218: 6215: 6214: 6212: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6194:National parks 6191: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6165: 6164: 6159: 6149: 6148: 6147: 6142: 6132: 6131: 6130: 6128:Climate change 6119: 6117: 6113: 6112: 6110: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6077:Marmara Region 6073: 6071: 6069:(west to east) 6058: 6052: 6051: 6048: 6047: 6045: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6023: 6022: 6011: 6009: 6005: 6004: 6002: 6001: 5996: 5995: 5994: 5984: 5982:Constitutional 5978: 5976: 5972: 5971: 5969: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5957: 5956: 5951: 5941: 5936: 5930: 5928: 5922: 5921: 5919: 5918: 5917: 5916: 5906: 5905: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5884: 5883: 5882: 5872: 5870:Transformation 5867: 5866: 5865: 5855: 5849: 5847: 5845:Ottoman Empire 5841: 5840: 5838: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5826: 5825: 5814: 5812: 5802: 5801: 5799: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5782: 5780: 5773: 5767: 5766: 5754: 5752: 5751: 5744: 5737: 5729: 5720: 5719: 5717: 5716: 5693: 5680: 5677: 5676: 5674: 5673: 5668: 5667: 5666: 5661: 5650: 5648: 5644: 5643: 5641: 5640: 5635: 5629: 5627: 5623: 5622: 5620: 5619: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5603: 5602: 5595:Istanbul Pride 5591: 5589: 5585: 5584: 5582: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5569:Lambdaistanbul 5566: 5560: 5558: 5554: 5553: 5551: 5550: 5545: 5539: 5537: 5533: 5532: 5530: 5529: 5523: 5521: 5517: 5516: 5514: 5513: 5507: 5505: 5501: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5494: 5487: 5480: 5472: 5466: 5465: 5462:news.lgbti.org 5459: 5453: 5447: 5441: 5435: 5425: 5419: 5413: 5407: 5399: 5398:External links 5396: 5395: 5394: 5384:(5): 470–488. 5373: 5367: 5354: 5348: 5335: 5329: 5316: 5310: 5297: 5291: 5278: 5258: 5245: 5225:(2): 202–217. 5210: 5204: 5191: 5174: 5137: 5120: 5093: 5062: 5059: 5056: 5055: 5041: 5009: 4998:. 27 June 2022 4983: 4957: 4939: 4928:on 2 July 2019 4913: 4899: 4873: 4843: 4824: 4821:. 2 July 2018. 4806: 4792: 4774: 4744: 4714: 4682: 4652: 4626: 4600: 4578: 4556: 4545:. ntvmsnbc.com 4534: 4512: 4501:on 1 July 2011 4486: 4475:on 1 July 2011 4459: 4433: 4411: 4389: 4367: 4341: 4319: 4287: 4262: 4236: 4210: 4184: 4158: 4133: 4116: 4103: 4087: 4074: 4047: 4036:. 25 June 2020 4021: 3998: 3977: 3956: 3945:. 26 June 2019 3930: 3900: 3874: 3860: 3834: 3823:on 3 July 2021 3804: 3790: 3776: 3759: 3745: 3742:. 10 May 2019. 3727: 3697: 3675: 3653: 3627: 3602: 3576: 3562: 3536: 3522: 3504: 3474: 3448: 3422: 3396: 3374: 3327: 3304: 3282: 3261: 3250: 3231: 3213: 3184: 3158: 3136: 3114: 3103:. 10 June 2018 3088: 3076: 3062: 3033: 3000: 2978: 2952: 2926: 2900: 2889:on 21 May 2015 2874: 2856: 2830: 2804: 2793:. 27 June 2011 2778: 2767:on 1 July 2013 2748: 2729: 2703: 2677: 2647: 2613: 2587: 2560: 2533: 2522:. pp. A16 2520:New York Times 2506: 2490: 2468: 2462: 2442: 2413: 2391: 2361: 2349: 2323: 2290: 2275: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2268: 2267: 2214: 2200: 2177: 2174: 2173: 2172: 2167: 2162: 2157: 2152: 2147: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2126: 2125: 2111: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2088: 2081: 2074: 2073: 2065: 2061: 2060: 2053: 2049: 2048: 2036: 2032: 2031: 2024: 2020: 2019: 2012: 2005: 2004: 1997: 1993: 1992: 1985: 1981: 1980: 1973: 1969: 1968: 1961: 1957: 1956: 1949: 1945: 1944: 1937: 1933: 1932: 1925: 1921: 1920: 1913: 1909: 1908: 1901: 1897: 1896: 1889: 1885: 1884: 1876: 1872: 1871: 1863: 1856: 1853: 1802:European Union 1760:Istanbul Pride 1755:parade in 2012 1753:Istanbul Pride 1729:Istanbul Pride 1727:Main article: 1724: 1723:Istanbul Pride 1721: 1632:, was held at 1629:Lambdaistanbul 1558:, a member of 1555:Lambdaistanbul 1526: 1523: 1493: 1490: 1483: 1482: 1479: 1473: 1472: 1469: 1463: 1462: 1459: 1448: 1447: 1444: 1433: 1432: 1429: 1418: 1417: 1414: 1408:Ipsos Results 1388: 1387:Public opinion 1385: 1338:Istanbul Pride 1332: 1329: 1320: 1317: 1307: 1304: 1243:asylum seekers 1222: 1221: 1157: 1155: 1152: 1113: 1110: 1097: 1094: 1066: 1063: 1056:United Nations 928:Istanbul Pride 917: 916: 915:transvestites. 912: 904:European Union 900:honour killing 814:Main article: 811: 808: 780:Main article: 777: 774: 769:Istanbul Pride 751:Istanbul Pride 743: 740: 726:In 2013, 696:Ottoman Empire 675: 674: 672: 671: 664: 657: 649: 646: 645: 634: 633: 630: 629: 624: 623: 622: 612: 607: 605:Discrimination 601: 598: 597: 594: 593: 590: 589: 584: 579: 573: 570: 569: 566: 565: 562: 561: 556: 551: 546: 541: 536: 531: 526: 524:Libertarianism 521: 516: 511: 506: 501: 496: 491: 485: 482: 481: 478: 477: 474: 473: 472: 471: 466: 461: 453: 452: 451: 446: 436: 431: 426: 421: 416: 411: 405: 402: 401: 398: 397: 394: 393: 388: 383: 378: 373: 372: 371: 361: 359:Discrimination 356: 351: 346: 340: 337: 336: 333: 332: 329: 328: 323: 322: 321: 311: 306: 305: 304: 294: 293: 292: 282: 277: 272: 271: 270: 265: 255: 249: 246: 245: 242: 241: 238: 237: 236: 235: 230: 222: 217: 212: 211: 210: 205: 200: 190: 184: 181: 180: 177: 176: 154: 153: 145: 144: 136: 135: 123: 122: 119: 113: 112: 109: 103: 102: 98: 97: 90: 84: 83: 80: 74: 73: 70: 64: 63: 60: 54: 53: 34: 33: 25: 24: 21: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7772: 7761: 7758: 7757: 7755: 7740: 7736: 7732: 7730: 7722: 7721: 7718: 7712: 7709: 7707: 7704: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7694: 7692: 7689: 7688: 7686: 7681: 7677: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7665:South Ossetia 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7647: 7645: 7643: 7637: 7631: 7628: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7583: 7581: 7578: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7528: 7526: 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7096: 7093: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7049: 7046: 7044: 7041: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6975: 6973: 6969: 6965: 6958: 6953: 6951: 6946: 6944: 6939: 6938: 6935: 6923: 6922: 6913: 6911: 6910: 6901: 6899: 6898: 6889: 6887: 6886: 6877: 6875: 6874: 6869: 6865: 6864: 6861: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6824: 6821: 6820: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6773: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6730: 6727: 6726: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6694: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6684: 6682: 6680: 6676: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6639: 6638: 6635: 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6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6157:Air pollution 6155: 6154: 6153: 6150: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6137: 6136: 6133: 6129: 6126: 6125: 6124: 6121: 6120: 6118: 6114: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6082:Aegean Region 6080: 6078: 6075: 6074: 6072: 6066: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6053: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6027:Turkification 6025: 6021: 6018: 6017: 6016: 6013: 6012: 6010: 6006: 6000: 5997: 5993: 5990: 5989: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5979: 5977: 5973: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5946: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5931: 5929: 5927: 5923: 5915: 5912: 5911: 5910: 5907: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5889: 5888: 5885: 5881: 5878: 5877: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5864: 5861: 5860: 5859: 5858:Classical Age 5856: 5854: 5851: 5850: 5848: 5846: 5842: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5824: 5821: 5820: 5819: 5818:Seljuk Empire 5816: 5815: 5813: 5811: 5807: 5803: 5797: 5794: 5792: 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Routledge. 5341: 5336: 5332: 5326: 5322: 5317: 5313: 5307: 5303: 5298: 5294: 5292:9781784719692 5288: 5284: 5279: 5275: 5269: 5261: 5255: 5252:. Routledge. 5251: 5246: 5242: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5224: 5220: 5216: 5211: 5207: 5201: 5197: 5192: 5188: 5184: 5180: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5143: 5138: 5134: 5130: 5126: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5107: 5103: 5099: 5094: 5090: 5086: 5082: 5078: 5074: 5070: 5065: 5064: 5060: 5052:(in Turkish). 5051: 5045: 5042: 5026: 5019: 5013: 5010: 4997: 4993: 4987: 4984: 4971: 4967: 4961: 4958: 4953: 4949: 4943: 4940: 4927: 4923: 4922:"| Time" 4917: 4914: 4909: 4903: 4900: 4888: 4884: 4877: 4874: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4847: 4844: 4839: 4835: 4828: 4825: 4820: 4816: 4810: 4807: 4802: 4796: 4793: 4788: 4784: 4778: 4775: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4748: 4745: 4732: 4728: 4724: 4718: 4715: 4699: 4692: 4691:"Turkey 2013" 4686: 4683: 4670: 4666: 4662: 4656: 4653: 4640: 4636: 4630: 4627: 4614: 4610: 4604: 4601: 4588: 4582: 4579: 4566: 4560: 4557: 4544: 4538: 4535: 4522: 4516: 4513: 4500: 4496: 4490: 4487: 4474: 4470: 4463: 4460: 4447: 4443: 4437: 4434: 4421: 4415: 4412: 4399: 4393: 4390: 4377: 4371: 4368: 4355: 4351: 4345: 4342: 4329: 4323: 4320: 4317:, 2 June 2008 4316: 4315: 4310: 4306: 4303: 4298: 4296: 4294: 4292: 4288: 4276: 4273: 4266: 4263: 4251: 4247: 4240: 4237: 4224: 4220: 4214: 4211: 4198: 4194: 4188: 4185: 4172: 4168: 4162: 4159: 4147: 4143: 4137: 4134: 4126: 4120: 4117: 4113: 4107: 4104: 4100: 4094: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4078: 4075: 4062: 4058: 4051: 4048: 4035: 4031: 4025: 4022: 4017: 4013: 4007: 4005: 4003: 3999: 3987: 3981: 3978: 3966: 3960: 3957: 3944: 3940: 3934: 3931: 3918: 3914: 3910: 3904: 3901: 3888: 3884: 3878: 3875: 3870: 3864: 3861: 3848: 3844: 3838: 3835: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3808: 3805: 3800: 3794: 3791: 3786: 3780: 3777: 3772: 3766: 3764: 3760: 3755: 3749: 3746: 3741: 3737: 3731: 3728: 3715: 3711: 3710:Gay Star News 3707: 3701: 3698: 3685: 3679: 3676: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3657: 3654: 3641: 3637: 3631: 3628: 3616: 3612: 3606: 3603: 3591: 3587: 3580: 3577: 3572: 3566: 3563: 3550: 3546: 3540: 3537: 3532: 3526: 3523: 3518: 3514: 3508: 3505: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3478: 3475: 3463:. 25 May 2015 3462: 3458: 3452: 3449: 3437:. 8 June 2015 3436: 3432: 3426: 3423: 3410: 3406: 3400: 3397: 3384: 3378: 3375: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3331: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3313: 3308: 3305: 3292: 3286: 3283: 3271: 3265: 3262: 3259: 3254: 3251: 3246: 3242: 3235: 3232: 3227: 3223: 3217: 3214: 3201: 3197: 3191: 3189: 3185: 3173: 3169: 3162: 3159: 3146: 3140: 3137: 3125:. Wri-irg.org 3124: 3118: 3115: 3102: 3098: 3092: 3089: 3085: 3080: 3077: 3072: 3066: 3063: 3050: 3046: 3040: 3038: 3034: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3007: 3005: 3001: 2988: 2982: 2979: 2966: 2962: 2956: 2953: 2940: 2936: 2930: 2927: 2914: 2910: 2904: 2901: 2888: 2884: 2878: 2875: 2870: 2866: 2860: 2857: 2844: 2840: 2834: 2831: 2818: 2814: 2808: 2805: 2792: 2788: 2782: 2779: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2752: 2749: 2744: 2740: 2733: 2730: 2717: 2713: 2707: 2704: 2691: 2687: 2681: 2678: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2651: 2648: 2643: 2630: 2623: 2617: 2614: 2601: 2597: 2591: 2588: 2573: 2567: 2565: 2561: 2548: 2544: 2537: 2534: 2521: 2517: 2510: 2507: 2503: 2497: 2495: 2491: 2486: 2482: 2475: 2473: 2469: 2466: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2452: 2446: 2443: 2430: 2429: 2424: 2417: 2414: 2401: 2395: 2392: 2380: 2376: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2362: 2359: 2353: 2350: 2337: 2333: 2327: 2324: 2308: 2301: 2294: 2291: 2286: 2280: 2277: 2270: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2247: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2225: 2220: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 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