1577:
grades kindergarten through third grade, and prohibits any discussion deemed to be not age-appropriate by state standards. The act does not specify what is inappropriate or who makes this decision. This act also includes restrictions on a public schoolâs ability to protect and maintain the privacy of a studentâs gender identity or sexual orientation from their parents. As a result, school counselors will be limited in how they serve as a confidential resource for students. The act also gives parents the right to sue the school district if they feel their rights have been violated. On May 17, 2023, DeSantis signed a new bill expanding his measures on LGBTQ education in schools in the state of
Florida, including lengthening the prohibition of sex and gender topics in kindergarten through eighth grade, as well as restricting these topics in sixth through twelfth. The bill also requires that schools teach âthat sex is determined by biology and reproductive function at birth; that biological males impregnate biological females by fertilizing the female egg with male sperm; that the female then gestates the offspring; and that these reproductive roles are binary, stable, and unchangeable.â
1495:"Homosexual Health Social Sciences" was developed to be interdisciplinary to cover the social sciences, humanities, and public health. Interdependence on different academic focuses was achieved in the curriculum by covering "Theories of homosexuality and Chinese reality", "homosexual sub-culture" and "Men seeking men (MSM) intervention in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention," in addition to reading literature with gay characters and themes and taking field trips to a gay bar. The article goes on to describe the attendance of this course and its significance by clarifying that the official registration in the class was low, with only one student in 2003 and two in 2004. Officially registered students were not the only people attending the classes, though, because the course was open to the general public. The average attendance in 2003 was 89.9 and rose to 114 in 2004.
1563:
mini-library boxes and fill them with books of their choice. These books are available to take for free for any passers by. In 2022, the organization reported 140,000 Little Free
Libraries had been installed across the nation, with 87% of their owners stating that they make banned books available in their boxes. Bookstore owners and booksellers have been taking actions into their own hands and giving their books away, covering some costs out of their own pocket and gaining donations both in person and through social media. Authors and publishers have started taking similar actions, carrying around their own books, handing them out, and donating to free libraries. While in most cases a book ban hurts the bookâs sale rate and the authorâs exposure, some bans result in higher publicity and recognition, like in the case of
1484:, located in Shanghai, China, opened the country's first course on homosexuality and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention in 2003 entitled "Homosexual Health Social Sciences". In an article focusing on this college course, Gao and Gu utilize feedback from participants, detailed interviews with professors, and a review of course documents to discuss China's first course with homosexuality at its core. Their article analyzes the tactics used to create such a course and the strategies used to protect the course from adverse reactions in the press. The authors especially take note of the effects of the course on its attendees and the wider gay community in China. The authors note that "Homosexual Health Social Sciences" was described as a "breakthrough" by
1606:
on multiple social categorizations, and that this oppression is multiplicative â has made queer studies more inclusive.â The idea of intersectionality came to be after second-wave feminism, which is thought to only benefit straight, white, middle-class women. Third-wave feminism became the springboard for intersectionality when there became an awareness that women faced different types of oppression based on their race, gender, and class. KimberlĂ© Crenshaw maintains the fact that the idea of intersectionality and true feminism is lost if black women continue to be overshadowed by their white counterparts. The idea of intersectionality began when discussing feminism but has become relevant in many other subjects, such as LGBTQ discrimination.
1589:
banned the original version from
Florida schools. The new version is without names of major events in contemporary history, mention of the Black Lives Matter movement, black feminism, black queer theory, critical race theory, or intersectionality. According to a College Board representative, however, âTo be clear, no states or districts have seen the official framework that will be released on February 1, much less provided feedback on it.â However, College Board has historically given in to many conservative leaders' demands in other courses, such as AP United States History, where readings would focus less on colonial settlers' harm towards indigenous people and more on founding fathers and their religious influences.
1492:, a periodical for gay health intervention. Surveys were given to attendees of the class and many responded that the class helped them understand the homosexual perspective better. One student stated, "Even if we cannot fully understand these people, we need to respect them. That is the basis for real communication." Many of the course attendees admitted that the course changed their lives. One Chinese police officer who had been hiding his sexuality his entire life stated, "The course really enhanced my quality of lifeâŠ" Another man who had been prescribed treatment for his homosexuality for 30 years heard talk of the course in a newspaper and expressed, "This precious news has relieved my heart."
1234:
its subjects. In contrast, queer has a history of going from being a common descriptor for someone who exhibited any emotion from happy to drunk in the 19th century to being used as a slur against same-sex individuals in the 20th century. The term did not have an implicit sexual definition until the early 20th century, and reclamation of the slur started during the late 80's and 90's. This was a response to the overall LGBTQ+ movement, with influence from the AIDs crisis of the time. Some people believe that "queer" expands the definition without categorical labels, while others reject the term due to its harmful history.
1602:âintersectionalityâ, a word that has roots in black feminist activism. This term was coined by Columbia professor and activist KimberlĂ© Crenshaw. According to Crenshaw, âIntersectionality is a lens through which you can see where power comes and collides, where it interlocks and intersects. Itâs not simply that thereâs a race problem here, a gender problem here, and a class or LBGTQ problem there. Many times that framework erases what happens to people who are subject to all of these things.â The word intersectionality was added to the Oxford Dictionary in 2015.
1546:
secondary characters of color, and 22% featured sexual content. Regardless of topic, 40% of these book bans are estimated to be in direct result of lawmakersâ public opinion and presence, as well as enacted legislation. PEN America also reports that the overwhelming majority of these titles are books for young adults, restricting education relating to gender, sexuality, diversity, and differences from 13 to 17 years old. PEN America also reports that 96% of these bans were put into place against the
National Coalition Against Censorship and ALAâs guidelines.
1537:
that gave teachers the freedom to choose between using these homophobic curriculums or not including sex education in their curriculum at all. Many states also have curriculum laws that require teachers to educate their students from the viewpoint that abstinence before marriage is the sole option for safe prevention against pregnancy or sexually transmitted diseases. With an emphasis on abstinence before marriage, this often excludes same-sex couples due to their absence from the definition of marriage in their state.
1581:
demonstrations on campus. Other educators have faced backlash for showing support for the LGBTQ community, such as discussions about gender identity in class and showing movies or documentaries that showed openly gay characters. Some have been censored, suspended, and even fired. Equality
Florida, an LGBTQ group that is currently suing the DeSantis administration for the proposed law, argues that it marks an âextraordinary government intrusion on the free speech and equal protection rightsâ in public schools.
1499:
this course at Fudan
University was delivered in English at the beginning. This phenomenon was explained by one journalist from China Radio InternationalâHomosexuality is very sensitive issue in Chinese culture so by discussing it in English, it is distanced from the conservative Chinese culture. Fudan University led Chinese academia to develop a more comprehensive curriculum that will educate future health care professionals on the needs of more Chinese citizens.
1559:
illustrations which include that of the human body, but no sex scenes. In an interview with NPR, Kokabe discusses how they felt they included the appropriate amount of illustrations to tell their story accurately and due to their importance in the representation of their journey with gender and sexuality. They also express their stance that they illustrated the book in a much less explicit manner than it could have been had it been written by a different author.
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against those who engaged in homosexual activity in public, or publicly encouraged or promoted homosexual activity towards co-workers and their students. Unlike Bryantâs movement, which focused solely on gay teachers, Briggsâ campaign could be applied to homosexual and heterosexual people alike since his initiative discriminated against the discussion of homosexual behavior, which anyone could do. Briggsâ initiative was ultimately denied in 1978.
1585:
but we chose not to take a public position on it because we thought we could be more effective working behind-the-scenes, engaging directly with lawmakers â on both sides of the aisle." He has stated that Disney has pledged 5 million dollars to the Human Rights
Campaign (HRC) in support of protecting LGBTQ rights, but the HRC has declined to accept the money until they further their commitment to supporting the LGBTQ community.
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1457:) that has become one of the biggest and most important academic events on Women and LGBT studies in Brazil. At the Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Marco Aurélio Måximo Prado has been running since 2007 Nuh UFMG (Human Rights and LGBT Citizenship Division), a successful initiative on LGBT studies. Scholars who focus on queer studies at other universities in Brazil include
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schoolteachers. Bryant claimed that they would molest the children and wrongfully serve as an example that any marriage outside of one between a man and a woman is respectable. The movement and its publicity gained Bryant much public support and eventually resulted in the overturning of the gay rights ordinance just half a year after it was implemented.
1319:. A 1993 alumnus gift evolved into the faculty committee-administered Fund for Lesbian and Gay Studies, which developed a listing of courses relevant to lesbian and gay studies called the "Pink Book" and established a small lending library named for Boswell. The committee began to oversee a series of one-year visiting professorships in 1994.
1417:(South Africa), S.N. Nyeck (Cameroon), Kwame E. Otu (Ghana), and Gibson Ncube (Zimbabwe) contributing to the development of this field. Their work critiques the eurocentric orientation of Western queer studies and examines the longstanding traditions of sexual and gender diversity, ambiguity, and fluidity in African cultures and societies.
1605:
While this was originally used as a term to describe the specific type of oppression that
African American women face, it has grown relevant to many other groups of people. According to them, âThe theory of 'intersectionality' â which posits that individuals simultaneously experience oppression based
1584:
The discourse surrounding this legislation also resulted in backlash from The Walt Disney Co. employees, who shared their disappointment with the company on social media for not publicly denouncing the bill. According to Disney CEO Bob Chapek, Disney leaders were opposed to the bill "from the outset,
1553:
is the most banned title, with bans in 30 districts. Kokabeâs memoir discusses their experience growing up feeling outside of the gender binary and not feeling like they fit into their body. It follows parts of Kokabeâs childhood into their early adult years and experiences coming to terms with their
1536:
In recent years, homophobic curriculum laws have continued to be present in schools across the US. In 2017, studies showed that 20 states had implemented anti-gay laws affecting school curriculums. These included laws that made it mandatory for teachers to educate from an anti-gay standpoint and ones
1532:
The US Supreme Court has made gay marriage legal, but, as a result, the discourse has shifted from the issue of legalizing gay marriage to attacking queer studies and prohibiting certain conversations around the queer community. Attempts are now being made in school settings to prohibit teachers from
1213:
Queer refers to the implicit identity of gender and sex and how it is integrated into individuals' lives. It can function as an adjective, verb, or noun. In academia, queer has become a mode of analysis recognizing the intersectionality of sex, gender, and sexuality intersecting with aspects of human
1562:
Attempts to educate and fight against these book bans have been taking place across the country. Free libraries, library pop-ups, and book giveaways have been go-to methods for grassroots organizations and activists to make banned books accessible. Little Free
Library members install wooden curbside
1378:
assumed the role of executive coordinator in 2002; in 2003, he commented that while women's studies or
African American studies have been embraced by American universities, lesbian and gay studies have not. He blamed institutionalized fear of alienating alumni of private universities, or legislators
1576:
The Parental Rights in Education Act (HB 1557), also known as the "Don't Say Gay or Trans'' Bill or Act, was signed by Florida Governor Ron DeSantis on March 28, 2022. The act prohibits public schools from discussing sensitive topics such as sex education, gender identity, and sexual orientation in
1545:
In 2022, an estimated 5,000 books featuring LGBTQ characters and stories have been banned from bookshelves, libraries, and classrooms according to a report by PEN America. Their research shows that 41% of books banned featured queer protagonists or secondary characters, 40% featured protagonists or
1348:
offered his alma mater, Yale, $ 4 million (and his personal papers) to endow a permanent, tenured professorship in gay studies and possibly build a gay and lesbian student center. His requirements were specific, as Yale was to use the money solely for "1) the study of and/or instruction in gay male
1331:
Bryantâs campaign caught the attention of California state Senator John Briggs, who eagerly expressed his interest in expanding the Save Our Children campaign to his state, which initially took the form of Proposition 6 or the Briggs Initiative. This initiative allowed for employment discrimination
1592:
Since 2021, 42 different versions of the âDonât Say Gayâ bill have been proposed in 22 state legislatures, including Arkansas, Georgia, Indiana, and many others. All of these bills similarly prohibit discussion and inclusion of LGBT Q related topics. These bills are also associated with many other
1233:
itself has become the topic of controversy over the reclaiming of a word which has been used against LGBTQ+ individuals for the last century. There is an ongoing debate within the community itself between the use of LGBTQ+ studies or queer studies. LGBTQ+ provides a more categorical description of
1588:
On February 1, 2023, College Board, the organization that is responsible for creating standardized tests such as the SAT and AP, revealed the changes that it made to its African American studies course. This came after Florida Governor Ron DeSantis and the Republican party condemned the class and
1507:
On the African continent, South Africa has been setting the trend of developing queer studies. This is partly due to the country's constitutional framework, which explicitly protects against discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. One of the leading South African queer studies scholars
1498:
Gao and Gu also reveal the precautions taken by the creators of the course to shelter the new class from harsh criticism. The authors depict the creators' fear of attracting too much negative attention from the Chinese media could adversely affect the course and its continuation. Most coverage of
1285:
claims to be the "First Queer Studies Department in the U.S.", with English instructor Dan Allen developing one of the first gay literature courses in the country in the fall of 1972, and the college establishing what it calls "the first Gay and Lesbian Studies Department in the United States" in
1356:
said that gay and lesbian studies was too narrow a specialty for a program in perpetuity, indicating a wish to compromise on some of the conditions Kramer had asserted. Negotiations broke down as Kramer, frustrated by what he perceived to be "homophobic" resistance, condemned the university in a
1412:
While queer studies initially emerged in the North American and, to a lesser extent, European academy and mostly relates to Western contexts, it recently has also developed in other parts of the world. For instance, since the 2000s there has been an emergent field of Queer African Studies, with
1327:
Anita Bryant, a popular face in the media and widely known by the public, was at the forefront of the âSave Our Childrenâ movement in 1977, born in response to an Oklahoma ordinance criminalizing discrimination due to sexual preference. This campaign aimed to discourage the hiring of homosexual
1395:
Visiting Professorship of Gender and Sexuality is named for a mid-20th century gay Harvard American studies scholar and literary critic who chaired the undergraduate program in history and literature. Harvard Board of Overseers member Mitchell L. Adams said, "This is an extraordinary moment in
1558:
was met with a contrast of responses, many expressing gratitude and love for the sharing of their story, as it was written with an audience of family, friends, and those that can identify and sympathize with Kokabe in mind. Others claimed the book is too sexually explicit, specifically in its
1310:
a notable center of lesbian and gay studies in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Each historian published several books on gay history; Boswell held three biennial conferences on the subject at the university, and Duberman sought to establish a center for lesbian and gay studies there in 1985.
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by George M. Johnson, now a bestseller. The publicity of its ban put it on the radar of many readers who would otherwise have never found it, and it is now in its 10th printing. In an increasingly accessible digital age, digital libraries and book websites are also making banned books more
1580:
There has been an increase in protests as students and parents across the country respond negatively to the bill, as some assert that the broad language is meant to specifically target the LGBTQ community. As a result, some public schools have punished and suspended students for staging
1601:
As more and more universities and schools begin to add more resources and classes for students to take about queer studies, there is also a growing recognition that gender, sex, and identity also coincide with race, nationalities, class, disabilities, etc. This overlap is also known as
1386:
announced that it would establish an endowed chair in LGBT studies. Believing the post to be "the first professorship of its kind in the country," Harvard President Drew G. Faust called it "an important milestone." Funded by a $ 1.5 million gift from the members and supporters of the
1255:, the initial emphasis was on "uncovering the suppressed history of gay and lesbian life;" it also made its way into literature departments, where the emphasis was on literary theory. Queer theory soon developed, challenging the "socially constructed" categories of sexual identity.
1404:
The concept of perverse presentism is often taught in queer studies classes at universities. This is the understanding that queer history cannot and should not be analyzed through contemporary perspectives. Ways to find out how people historically identified can include studying
1290:
was the first tenured faculty in queer studies in the country. Hobart and William Smith Colleges in upstate New York were among the first to offer a full-fledged major in LGBTQ Studies in the late 1990s. These colleges currently have one of the few tenure lines in a stand-alone
1242:
During the 1920s, same-sex subcultures were beginning to become more established in several larger US cities. Studies centering around queer life and culture originated in the 1970s with the publication of several "seminal works of gay history. Inspired by ethnic studies,
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1214:
identity such as class, race, age, and ethnicity. Once considered a slur, queer now encompasses inclusivity in the 21st century. Some people find that the term "queer studies" is more defining of universal experiences compared to "LGBTQ+ Studies."
1217:
Many topics within queer studies focus on the open possibilities beyond heteronormativity; detailing texts, cultural artifacts produced by queer individuals, as well as expanding beyond into how queer interacts with daily life.
2593:
Ahmet Atay (2021) Charting the future of queer studies in communication and critical/cultural studies: new directions and pathways, Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies, 18:2, vii-xi, DOI: 10.1080/14791420.2021.1907847
1434:(UFMG) in Brazil, there are many initiatives on Queer Studies. UFMG offers a multidisciplinary program on Gender and Sexuality for undergrad students: "Formação Transversal em GĂȘnero e Sexualidade: Perspective Queer/LGBTI" (
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encouraging same-sex relationships and sex before marriage, therefore leaving same-sex relationships outside the definition of marriage. This also results in a regulation on the education of safe sex, HIV, and AIDS.
1446:) and a study group on Gender, Sexuality and Law, which is now led also by Pedro Nicoli. Diverso UFMG organizes since 2016 the Congress of Gender and Sexual Diversity (Congresso de Diversidade Sexual e de GĂȘnero:
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Harvard's history and in the history of this rapidly emerging field ... And because of Harvard's leadership in academia and the world, this gift will foster continued progress toward a more inclusive society."
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From 2001â2006, a generous gift from a donor allowed LGBTS to establish and oversee the Larry Kramer Initiative, which hosted a wide array of public programs on LGBT issues and strengthened LGBTS at Yale.
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Yanning, Gao; Gu, Steven (2006). "The Course on Homosexuality at Fudan University: Make a "Hole" to "Borrow" Light from Humanities and Social Sciences for Public Health Education in Mainland China".
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Though a new discipline, a growing number of colleges have begun offering academic programs on the expansive topics of queer. This has been a trend in higher education since the early 90's.
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accessible. Free library apps, like the Brooklyn Public Library, allow digital library cards and access to readers which can be used from any device anywhere in the country.
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1512:, who is an activist, writer, documentary film maker, and academic, working as Professor and South Africa Research Chair in Sexualities, Genders and Queer Studies at the
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bans that have taken place in Florida and many other states, such as bans on gender-affirming medical care, pride flags in public places, drag shows, and others.
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1374:. The five-year program aimed to bring in visiting faculty, host conferences and lectures, and coordinate academic endeavors in lesbian and gay studies.
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2357:"BANNED IN THE USA: RISING SCHOOL BOOK BANS THREATEN FREE EXPRESSION AND STUDENTS' FIRST AMENDMENT RIGHTS (APRIL 2022)"
2304:"Banned in the USA: Rising School Book Bans Threaten Free Expression and Students' First Amendment Rights (April 2022)"
2008:
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2514:"Expanded 'Don't Say Gay" Law in Florida is a "Flagrant Escalation" of Censorship in Schools, Says PEN America"
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literature..." including a tenured position, "and/or 2) the establishment of a gay student center at Yale..."
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McRuer, Robert (2006). "Crip Theory: Cultural Signs of Queerness and Disability", New York University Press.
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1438:). In its Faculty of Law, ranked amongst the best in the country, Marcelo Maciel Ramos established in 2014
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2423:"Florida's fight over 'Don't Say Gay' is getting more heated. And it hasn't even gone into effect yet"
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Studies program, while many such programs are being absorbed into Women and Gender Studies programs.
1190:, and other fields by an examination of the identity, lives, history, and perception of being queer.
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2165:"Harvard Gay & Lesbian Caucus: F. O. Matthiessen Visiting Professorship of Gender and Sexuality"
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2572:"She Coined the Term 'Intersectionality' Over 30 Years Ago. Here's What It Means to Her Today"
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Queer methods and methodologies : intersecting queer theories and social science research
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Queer Philosophy. Presentations of the Society for Lesbian and Gay Philosophy, 1998-2008.
1205:) that challenges the existence of "socially constructed" categories of sexual identity.
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The first undergraduate course in the United States on LGBTQ studies was taught at the
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1855:"Is The Word "Queer" Offensive? Here's A Look At Its History In The LGBTQA+ Community"
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2378:"Plot twist: Activists skirt book bans with guerrilla giveaways and pop-up libraries"
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748:
650:
532:
473:
151:
124:
31:
3414:
3332:
3078:
522:
1366:
In 2001, Yale accepted a $ 1 million grant from his older brother, money manager
1352:
With gender, ethnic, and race-related studies still relatively new, Yale Provost
1262:
in the spring of 1970. It was followed by similar courses in the fall of 1970 at
4739:
4711:
4228:
3958:
3953:
3704:
3500:
3434:
3419:
3349:
3344:
3327:
3282:
3063:
3031:
2959:
2898:
2728:
2724:
2005:"CCSF Educational Programs: Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender Studies Department"
1151:
1108:
911:
876:
839:
753:
557:
495:
468:
424:
250:
245:
240:
178:
146:
96:
91:
2640:
Undergraduate Journal of Sexual Diversity Studies at the University of Toronto
4669:
4245:
4070:
3735:
3649:
3550:
3523:
3495:
3459:
3444:
3376:
3141:
3026:
2979:
2935:
2915:
2873:
1774:
1202:
1175:
1171:
1159:
1116:
859:
515:
463:
402:
385:
255:
129:
3439:
2551:
2493:
2460:
2054:
4629:
4008:
3886:
3664:
3339:
3287:
3277:
2930:
2760:
2674:
1458:
1155:
906:
480:
235:
17:
2449:"Disney C.E.O. Says Company Is 'Opposed' to Florida's 'Don't Say Gay' Bill"
1754:
1281:
began the first university program in gay and lesbian studies in 1986. The
1150:, the field has expanded to include the academic study of issues raised in
2228:
1879:
Berkin, Carol; Miller, Christopher; Cherny, Robert; Gormly, James (2010).
1413:
leading scholars such as Stella Nyanzi (Uganda), Keguro Macharia (Kenya),
4649:
3729:
3354:
2969:
1179:
1132:
1104:
785:
770:
193:
2482:"The College Board Will Change Its A.P. African American Studies Course"
2062:
2038:
1035:
3570:
3560:
3429:
3302:
3111:
2893:
2720:
2716:
1885:(Brief Fifth ed.). Boston, MA: Wadsworth Publishing. p. 545.
1696:
lists these names and similar acronyms at various academic departments.
1096:
86:
81:
1518:
Reclaiming Afrikan: Queer Perspectives on Sexual and Gender Identities
4065:
3789:
3669:
3545:
3464:
3322:
3121:
3116:
2303:
1882:
Making America: A History of the United States, Volume II: Since 1865
1197:, which is an analytical viewpoint within queer studies (centered on
1187:
790:
117:
2168:
3590:
3404:
3394:
3371:
3366:
3361:
2736:
2732:
1447:
1311:
However, Boswell died in 1994, and in 1991, Duberman left for the
1230:
1124:
208:
101:
49:
27:
Study of issues relating to sexual orientation and gender identity
3755:
3449:
2655:
1341:
1292:
4505:
4399:
4151:
3824:
3237:
2847:
2751:
2689:
1913:
Poisoned Ivy: Lesbian and Gay Academics Confronting Homophobia.
1247:, and similar identity-based academic fields influenced by the
3555:
3307:
2681:
LGBT Studies Minor at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette
2540:"How White Feminism Threw Its Black Counterpart Under the Bus"
2382:
2361:
1100:
625:
2664:
2644:
2398:"Florida expands 'Don't Say Gay'; House OKs anti-LGBTQ bills"
1522:
Queer in Africa: LGBTQI Identities, Citizenship, and Activism
1443:
2252:"If Book Bans Continue, What's Left on the Classroom Shelf?"
1440:
Diverso UFMG - Legal Division of Gender and Sexual Diversity
1379:
who fund public ones. The five-year program ended in 2006.
2669:
2665:
The Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender Historical Society
2105:
1811:"Queer: The Creation of Power Structures within Deviancy"
2675:
Lesbian and Gay Research in UK Universities and Colleges
2610:
Halwani, Raja, Carol V. A. Quinn, and Andy Wible (Eds.)
1932:
1930:
1928:
2276:"Banned in the USA: The Growing Movement to Ban Books"
4720:
4622:
4530:
4332:
4211:
4168:
4089:
3972:
3943:
3902:
3837:
3632:
3486:
3477:
3385:
3264:
3140:
3097:
1372:
Larry Kramer Initiative for Lesbian and Gay Studies
2332:"4 in 10 Books Banned in 2022 Are LGBTQ+-Related"
2106:"Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Studies"
1968:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1827:Hall, Donald E.; Jagose, Annamarie (2012-06-04).
2217:Journal of Gay & Lesbian Issues in Education
2143:"Harvard to Endow Chair in Gay, Lesbian Studies"
1759:. Kath Browne, Catherine J. Nash. London. 2016.
2480:Goldstein, Dana; Saul, Stephanie (2023-04-25).
2081:"Gay Writer And Yale Finally Agree On Donation"
1939:"Harvard to endow professorship in gay studies"
4702:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups
1720:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1571:
4131:2020s anti-LGBT movement in the United States
2701:
2607:New York and London, Garland Publishing, 1990
1915:Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1997.
1057:
671:2020s anti-LGBT movement in the United States
8:
3775:Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures
2192:Finding Out: An Introduction to LGBT Studies
4489:Timeline of sexual orientation and medicine
4004:Florida Legislative Investigation Committee
4755:Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany
4527:
4502:
4396:
4165:
4148:
3994:Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany
3834:
3821:
3483:
3270:
3261:
3234:
2866:
2844:
2748:
2708:
2694:
2686:
1787:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1064:
1050:
273:
36:
4045:Front homosexuel d'action révolutionnaire
3877:History of Christianity and homosexuality
1904:
1902:
1264:Southern Illinois University Edwardsville
4687:Discrimination against non-binary people
2614:Amsterdam and New York, NY, Rodopi, 2012
3852:History of gay men in the United States
1999:
1997:
1975:"Harvard to Endow Chair in Gay Studies"
1651:
1549:PEN America reports that Maia Kokabeâs
326:
276:
48:
4203:List of LGBT rights articles by region
2074:
2072:
1780:
1690:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1683:
1421:Queer studies at non-U.S. universities
984:LGBT conservatism in the United States
2326:
2324:
2298:
2296:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
1804:
1802:
1572:"Don't Say Gay or Trans'' Bill or Act
7:
4775:Unlawfully killed transgender people
4760:Acts of violence against LGBT people
4735:Capital punishment for homosexuality
4219:Capital punishment for homosexuality
1432:Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
4770:Violence against transgender people
4170:LGBT rights by country or territory
2658:research in the public interest at
2250:Marshall, Tanji Reed (2022-10-13).
2079:Arenson, Karen W. (April 2, 2001).
1973:Steinberg, Jacques (June 3, 2009).
1087:is the study of topics relating to
4300:Legal status of transgender people
3751:Legal status of transgender people
1830:The Routledge Queer Studies Reader
1317:Center for Lesbian and Gay Studies
1260:University of California, Berkeley
25:
3387:Third sex / Third gender
2116:from the original on May 28, 2020
1725:Branch, Mark Alden (April 2003).
1193:Queer studies is not the same as
4812:
4811:
4799:
4404:â Medicine, science and sexology
4234:Criminalization of homosexuality
3541:Attraction to transgender people
2660:Alliant International University
1554:gender identity and coming out.
1389:Harvard Gay & Lesbian Caucus
1034:
4682:Discrimination against lesbians
4614:Transgender people and religion
4429:Disability and LGBTQ identities
3988:Institut fĂŒr Sexualwissenschaft
2670:Trikster - Nordic Queer Journal
2376:Smith, Tovia (March 23, 2023).
1400:Academic field of queer studies
3804:Sexual practices between women
2605:Encyclopedia of Homosexuality.
1520:(2014) and co-edited the book
1268:University of NebraskaâLincoln
588:Rights by country or territory
1:
4750:History of violence in the US
4745:History of violence in the UK
4229:Civil unions and partnerships
4099:Timeline of same-sex marriage
3800:Women who have sex with women
3780:Social construction of gender
2447:Barnes, Brooks (2022-03-09).
1283:City College of San Francisco
1004:Social construction of gender
953:Academic fields and discourse
4722:Violence against LGBT people
4623:Prejudice and discrimination
4439:Homosexuality and psychology
4116:Anti-Homosexuality Act, 2014
4051:Florida orange juice boycott
3765:Sexual practices between men
3655:Erotic target location error
1528:Present-day issues in the US
1465:, among others who write on
1436:https://www.ufmg.br/prograd/
1286:1989. Then-department chair
4484:Sexual orientation identity
4305:Transgender rights movement
3675:Gender and sexual diversity
3044:Queerplatonic relationships
2538:Morgan, Joan (2021-10-05).
1937:Jan, Tracy (June 3, 2009).
1809:Erb, Michael (3 May 2018).
1313:City University of New York
1279:City University of New York
622:Blood donation restrictions
4886:
4660:Grooming conspiracy theory
4609:Homosexuality and religion
3882:History of same-sex unions
2194:. SAGE Publications, Inc.
2167:. HGLC.org. Archived from
2039:"Anti-Gay Curriculum Laws"
2007:. CCSF.edu. Archived from
764:Grooming conspiracy theory
701:Mixed-orientation marriage
631:LGBT medical organizations
29:
4793:
4526:
4501:
4409:
4395:
4224:Censorship of LGBT issues
4164:
4147:
3964:First homosexual movement
3833:
3820:
3761:Men who have sex with men
3514:
3273:
3260:
3233:
2869:
2865:
2843:
2769:
2747:
2628:University Queer Programs
2190:Gibson, Michelle (2013).
1516:. She curated the volume
1225:Queer as a reclaimed slur
1009:Socialism and LGBT rights
959:Communism and LGBT rights
4592:Suicide among LGBT youth
4444:Homosexuality in the DSM
4081:Bar Abanicos police raid
4061:Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS
4034:Festival of Light action
4014:Compton's Cafeteria riot
3847:History of homosexuality
3313:Non-binary / genderqueer
3170:Gay flag of South Africa
2774:LGBT topics in education
2037:Rosky, Clifford (2017).
1735:. YaleAlumniMagazine.com
1486:South China Morning Post
1448:www.congressodiverso.com
1407:queer community archives
1323:Anti-Gay Curriculum Laws
1315:, where he founded its
1081:sexual diversity studies
30:Not to be confused with
4599:Monuments and memorials
4587:Suicides of LGBT people
4324:Commonwealth of Nations
4156:Rights and legal issues
3795:Transgender health care
2603:Dynes, Wayne R. (ed.)
1514:University of Fort Hare
1490:Friends' Correspondence
1336:YaleâKramer controversy
1142:Originally centered on
872:Intersex discrimination
641:Transgender health care
4570:LGBT rights opposition
4479:Split attraction model
3982:Dance of the Forty-One
3893:Category:LGBTQ history
3862:LGBTQ history timeline
3770:Sexâgender distinction
3720:Human female sexuality
3059:Same-sex relationships
1551:Gender Queer: A Memoir
1471:LGBT history in Brazil
696:LGBT rights opposition
231:Sexâgender distinction
4357:LGBT rights activists
4334:LGBT rights movements
4314:Yogyakarta Principles
4273:Assisted reproduction
4251:Intersex human rights
4111:Russian anti-LGBT law
3857:History of lesbianism
3318:Queer heterosexuality
2645:The Rockway Institute
2229:10.1300/J367v03n04_08
1791:) CS1 maint: others (
1626:Queer heterosexuality
1467:LGBT rights in Brazil
598:Yogyakarta Principles
568:Intersex human rights
491:Same-sex relationship
214:Queer heterosexuality
4870:Gender and education
4640:Anti-gender movement
4076:Tasty nightclub raid
4024:Gay Liberation Front
3725:Human male sexuality
3601:Romantic orientation
3400:Balkan sworn virgins
3298:Gender nonconformity
1732:Yale Alumni Magazine
1565:All Boys Arenât Blue
1357:front-page story in
1340:In 1997, writer and
1095:usually focusing on
974:Lavender linguistics
4865:LGBTQ and education
4575:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
3690:Gender essentialism
3488:Sexual orientations
2256:The Education Trust
2043:Columbia Law Review
2011:on January 19, 2008
1636:Transgender studies
1463:Moisés Lino e Silva
1444:www.diversoufmg.com
1376:Jonathan David Katz
1370:, to establish the
1288:Jonathan David Katz
1019:Transgender studies
759:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
4855:Post-structuralism
4675:Liberal homophobia
4532:Societal attitudes
4510:Societal attitudes
4474:Conversion therapy
4402:Sexual orientation
4362:Rainbow capitalism
4352:LGBT rights groups
4261:Same-sex parenting
4212:LGBT rights topics
3925:pre-Columbian Peru
3606:Same gender loving
3252:Sexual diversities
2906:Bisexual community
2677:(compiled in 2006)
2650:2008-05-17 at the
2633:2021-02-24 at the
2544:The New York Times
2486:The New York Times
2453:The New York Times
2085:The New York Times
1980:The New York Times
1909:McNaron, Toni A.H.
1727:"Back in the Fold"
1453:2021-05-06 at the
1384:Harvard University
1360:The New York Times
1275:Harvard University
1168:history of science
1089:sexual orientation
979:LGBTQ conservatism
593:Transgender rights
114:Sexual orientation
4827:
4826:
4789:
4788:
4785:
4784:
4765:Stop Murder Music
4565:Gay panic defense
4545:Heteronormativity
4497:
4496:
4464:Prenatal hormones
4391:
4390:
4387:
4386:
4278:Same-sex marriage
4239:decriminalization
4143:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4105:Lawrence v. Texas
4039:White Night riots
4029:Handkerchief code
3816:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3710:Gender transition
3700:Gender neutrality
3695:Gender expression
3680:Gender assignment
3628:
3627:
3479:Sexual identities
3473:
3472:
3247:Sexual identities
3242:Gender identities
3229:
3228:
3225:
3224:
2948:Awareness periods
2921:Community centers
2839:
2838:
2201:978-1-4522-3528-8
1861:. 4 February 2016
1840:978-1-135-71944-9
1766:978-0-7546-7843-4
1672:on March 19, 2013
1597:Intersectionality
1393:F. O. Matthiessen
1184:political science
1074:
1073:
917:Non-binary people
808:Domestic violence
691:Heteronormativity
563:Decriminalization
413:Awareness periods
364:
363:
291:Same-sex marriage
204:Non-binary gender
16:(Redirected from
4877:
4815:
4814:
4806:LGBTQ portal
4804:
4803:
4802:
4582:LGBT stereotypes
4550:Heteropatriarchy
4540:Amatonormativity
4528:
4503:
4469:Sexual inversion
4397:
4256:Military service
4166:
4149:
3872:Social movements
3835:
3822:
3581:Non-heterosexual
3484:
3271:
3262:
3235:
3210:Rainbow crossing
3049:Religious groups
2995:New queer cinema
2867:
2845:
2789:LGBT linguistics
2784:Lesbian feminism
2749:
2710:
2703:
2696:
2687:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2328:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2300:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2171:on June 12, 2009
2161:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2141:(June 3, 2009).
2139:Associated Press
2135:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2121:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2076:
2067:
2066:
2049:(6): 1461â1541.
2034:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2001:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1970:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1943:The Boston Globe
1934:
1923:
1906:
1897:
1896:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1806:
1797:
1796:
1786:
1778:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1722:
1697:
1695:
1689:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1671:
1665:. Archived from
1664:
1656:
1631:Sexual diversity
1482:Fudan University
1253:Frankfurt School
1199:literary studies
1113:gender dysphoric
1066:
1059:
1052:
1038:
969:Lesbian feminism
850:Heteropatriarchy
721:Sexual diversity
681:Amatonormativity
664:Social attitudes
578:Military service
457:in New York City
440:New queer cinema
396:African-American
274:
199:Non-heterosexual
73:
70:
67:
64:
61:
58:
37:
21:
4885:
4884:
4880:
4879:
4878:
4876:
4875:
4874:
4830:
4829:
4828:
4823:
4800:
4798:
4781:
4730:Corrective rape
4716:
4618:
4555:Homonationalism
4522:
4493:
4405:
4383:
4328:
4319:La Francophonie
4288:List of couples
4246:Hate crime laws
4207:
4160:
4135:
4085:
4019:Stonewall riots
3968:
3939:
3935:Medieval Europe
3898:
3829:
3808:
3624:
3611:Sexual minority
3529:Gray asexuality
3510:
3469:
3381:
3266:Gender identity
3256:
3221:
3136:
3093:
2861:
2835:
2794:LGBT literature
2765:
2756:Academic fields
2743:
2714:
2652:Wayback Machine
2635:Wayback Machine
2624:
2600:
2598:Further reading
2590:
2581:
2579:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2556:
2554:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2523:
2521:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2498:
2496:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2465:
2463:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2432:
2430:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2407:
2405:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2341:
2339:
2330:
2329:
2322:
2313:
2311:
2302:
2301:
2294:
2285:
2283:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2260:
2258:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2202:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2174:
2172:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2148:
2146:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2119:
2117:
2110:Yale University
2104:
2103:
2099:
2089:
2087:
2078:
2077:
2070:
2036:
2035:
2024:
2014:
2012:
2003:
2002:
1995:
1985:
1983:
1972:
1971:
1958:
1948:
1946:
1936:
1935:
1926:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1864:
1862:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1841:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1813:
1808:
1807:
1800:
1779:
1767:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1738:
1736:
1724:
1723:
1700:
1682:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1662:
1660:"Archived copy"
1658:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1641:Women's studies
1612:
1599:
1574:
1543:
1530:
1505:
1479:
1455:Wayback Machine
1428:
1423:
1402:
1338:
1325:
1308:Yale University
1304:Martin Duberman
1249:critical theory
1245:women's studies
1240:
1227:
1211:
1148:literary theory
1093:gender identity
1070:
1029:
1028:
989:Queer anarchism
954:
946:
945:
818:Straightwashing
803:Criminalization
739:
731:
730:
706:Media portrayal
676:Allonormativity
666:
656:
655:
613:
603:
602:
548:
538:
537:
376:
366:
365:
360:
322:
318:Stonewall riots
313:Same-sex unions
271:
261:
260:
226:Sexual identity
184:Gender variance
174:Gender identity
169:Gender fluidity
135:Gray asexuality
120:
106:
71:
68:
65:
62:
59:
56:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4883:
4881:
4873:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4832:
4831:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4821:
4809:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4787:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4779:
4778:
4777:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4726:
4724:
4718:
4717:
4715:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4678:
4677:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4626:
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4347:Gay liberation
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4310:United Nations
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3903:Pre-modern era
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3566:Heteroflexible
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3132:Rainbow plaque
3129:
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3107:Black triangle
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2955:Film festivals
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2926:Cross-dressing
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2779:Gender studies
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2622:External links
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1616:Gender studies
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1510:Zethu Matebeni
1504:
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1415:Zethu Matebeni
1401:
1398:
1382:In June 2009,
1354:Alison Richard
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418:Largest events
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4850:Postmodernism
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4126:Rainbow Night
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3999:Cadet scandal
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3915:Ancient Egypt
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3839:LGBTQ history
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3785:Straight ally
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3715:Hermaphrodite
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3685:Gender binary
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3534:Demisexuality
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3309:
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3293:Gender bender
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3259:
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3127:Pink triangle
3125:
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3012:Organizations
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2831:Transfeminism
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2821:Queer studies
2819:
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4459:Neuroscience
4449:Kinsey scale
4424:Demographics
4121:Rainbow wave
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3645:Detransition
3618: /
3519:Aromanticism
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2965:Gay-friendly
2826:Queer theory
2820:
2611:
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2580:. Retrieved
2578:. 2020-02-20
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2100:
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1978:
1947:. Retrieved
1945:. Boston.com
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1863:. Retrieved
1858:
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1164:anthropology
1144:LGBT history
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1040:LGBTQ portal
999:Queer theory
993:
939:Trans people
855:Heterosexism
716:trans people
714: /
651:Detransition
636:Reproduction
624: /
159:Demographics
152:Pansexuality
125:Aromanticism
50:LGBTQ topics
32:Queer theory
18:LGBT Studies
4740:Gay bashing
4712:Transphobia
4645:AIDS stigma
4560:Pinkwashing
4434:Environment
4419:Birth order
3959:Section 377
3954:Molly house
3596:Questioning
3420:Femminiello
3350:Trans woman
3345:Transsexual
3328:Transgender
3217:Transgender
3142:Pride flags
3032:Pride Month
3000:Periodicals
2960:Gay village
2809:Transgender
2729:transgender
2518:PEN America
2308:PEN America
2280:PEN America
1739:January 29,
1298:Historians
1266:and at the
1152:archaeology
1135:people and
1129:questioning
1109:transgender
927:Trans women
912:Transphobia
881:LGBT youth
877:Lesbophobia
840:Gay bashing
754:AIDS stigma
726:Stereotypes
558:Civil union
506:Subcultures
486:QPR and QPP
469:Pride Month
445:Periodicals
425:Gay village
351:Transgender
346:Bisexuality
251:Transsexual
246:Transgender
241:Trans woman
221:Questioning
179:Gender role
164:Environment
147:Bisexuality
97:Transgender
4834:Categories
4670:Homophobia
4454:Klein Grid
4367:Separatism
4071:Section 28
4009:Sea queens
3736:Androgynos
3650:Effeminacy
3576:Monosexual
3551:Bi-curious
3524:Asexuality
3506:Homosexual
3460:Two-spirit
3445:Mukhannath
3410:Faʻafafine
3377:Xenogender
3195:Non-binary
2975:Literature
2936:Drag queen
2916:Coming out
2911:Businesses
2816:Psychology
2582:2023-05-20
2557:2023-05-20
2524:2023-05-20
2499:2023-05-20
2466:2023-05-20
2433:2023-05-20
2408:2023-05-20
2342:2023-05-19
2314:2023-05-19
2286:2023-05-19
2261:2023-05-19
1865:2022-10-31
1775:1076634823
1647:References
1209:Background
1203:philosophy
1176:psychology
1172:philosophy
1160:psychiatry
860:Homophobia
781:Censorship
528:Moe aikÄne
403:Dyke March
386:Coming out
327:Identities
256:Two-spirit
130:Asexuality
4655:Gayphobia
4635:Acephobia
4630:Arophobia
4514:Prejudice
4342:Homophile
4295:Socialism
3887:Pederasty
3867:Migration
3665:Ex-ex-gay
3586:Pansexual
3415:Fakaleitī
3340:Trans man
3333:Akava'ine
3288:Cisgender
3278:Androgyny
3200:Pansexual
3150:Aromantic
3079:TakatÄpui
3005:Portrayal
2931:Drag king
2852:Community
2761:Discourse
2552:0362-4331
2494:0362-4331
2461:0362-4331
2237:144887787
2055:0010-1958
1783:cite book
1541:Book Bans
1459:Luiz Mott
1344:activist
1229:The term
1156:sociology
1121:aromantic
922:Trans men
907:Sexualism
897:Migration
845:Gayphobia
749:Arophobia
744:Acephobia
583:Parenting
523:TakatÄpui
481:Queer art
391:Community
303:Movements
236:Trans man
4818:Category
4650:Biphobia
4518:Violence
4283:Timeline
4266:Adoption
4183:Americas
3944:16th to
3730:Intersex
3640:Acronyms
3501:Bisexual
3455:Travesti
3355:Mak nyah
3180:Intersex
3165:Bisexual
2884:Literary
2725:bisexual
2648:Archived
2631:Archived
2427:POLITICO
2114:Archived
2063:44392956
1686:cite web
1676:July 12,
1610:See also
1524:(2018).
1451:Archived
1180:sexology
1137:cultures
1133:intersex
1105:bisexual
1024:Travesti
934:Violence
823:Bisexual
786:Closeted
776:Bullying
771:Biphobia
573:Marriage
553:Adoption
381:Business
356:Intersex
286:Timeline
194:Intersex
92:Bisexual
42:a series
40:Part of
4414:Biology
4377:Lesbian
4198:Oceania
3827:History
3633:Related
3571:Lesbian
3561:Gay men
3496:Asexual
3430:Kathoey
3303:Khanith
3205:Rainbow
3190:Lesbian
3185:Leather
3175:Gay men
3155:Asexual
3112:Gaysper
3099:Symbols
3089:Tourism
3084:Theatre
3069:Slogans
2899:Lesbian
2874:Anthems
2857:Culture
2804:Lesbian
2717:Lesbian
2402:AP NEWS
2175:June 4,
2149:June 4,
2120:May 28,
2090:June 4,
2015:June 4,
1986:June 4,
1949:June 3,
1469:and on
1270:(UNL).
1251:of the
1238:History
1117:asexual
1097:lesbian
885:Suicide
865:Liberal
828:Lesbian
813:Erasure
798:Comphet
533:Tourism
511:Symbols
374:Culture
341:Gay men
336:Lesbian
277:General
269:History
142:Biology
82:Lesbian
4692:Racism
4193:Europe
4178:Africa
4066:ACT UP
3790:Tomboy
3743:Tumtum
3670:Female
3660:Ex-gay
3546:Banjee
3465:Winkte
3323:Theyby
3122:Lambda
3117:Labrys
3074:Sports
3054:Rodeos
3017:People
2943:Events
2879:Awards
2741:topics
2550:
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546:Rights
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118:gender
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2980:Music
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2890:Bars
2737:LGBTQ
2733:queer
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2059:JSTOR
1814:(PDF)
1670:(PDF)
1663:(PDF)
1477:China
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