620:. The Iowa House of Representatives has passed this legislation twice now, but both times the Republican controlled Iowa Senate has refused to take up the legislation, while still finding time to legislate that governmental agencies and entities, school districts, and public postsecondary educational institutions are banned from teaching so-called "divisive concepts" based on race or sex. This legislation has the opportunity to open the door to further discrimination against LGBTQ+ individuals, denying educators and others tasked with training and teaching the history of oppression faced by LGBTQ+ individuals and especially those who are Black, Indigenous, People of Color, while protecting conservative ideology and white supremacy.
397:
383:
632:(PRRI) opinion poll found that 59% of Iowans supported same-sex marriage, while 33% opposed it and 7% were unsure.The same poll found that 68% of Iowans supported an anti-discrimination law covering sexual orientation and gender identity, 23% were opposed. Furthermore, 55% were against allowing public businesses to refuse to serve LGBTQ people due to religious beliefs, while 37% supported allowing such religiously-based refusals.
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41:
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990:
978:
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898:
885:
872:
859:
846:
833:
820:
807:
1005:
939:
961:
911:
592:
On April 8, 2016, the Iowa Board of
Medicine announced it would look into a proposal to ban the use of conversion therapy on LGBT minors. The board, however, denied a petition from members of the State of Iowa Youth Advisory Council which wanted an administrative rule prohibiting Iowa doctors from
241:
In 1976, in a bitterly divided 5–4 ruling, the Iowa
Supreme Court held that heterosexual sodomy could not be prosecuted. "There no compelling state interest in the manner of sexual relations performed in private between consenting adults of the opposite sex not married to each other", the court
507:
to cisgender females only, effectively barring transgender girls and women from participation. The bill also gives legal cause for civil lawsuits for "any direct or indirect harm as a result of a violation". The bill applies all accredited educational institutions, public or private, including
229:
rights to the defendants, was not overturned until 1977. By 1948, 891 Iowans had been sterilized under the statute. In 1955, the state passed a psychopathic offender law, under which any person "having criminal propensities toward the commission of sex offenses" would be treated as "mental
596:
On August 12, 2016, the Iowa Board of
Psychology voted down a proposal to prohibit state-licensed professionals from engaging in conversion therapy. The board unanimously agreed that such practices should be banned; however, they argued that this was the responsibility of the
3026:
300:
which effectively forced the state to rescind any outstanding discrimination against same-sex couples who wish to have their marriages recognized and licensed under state law. Iowa marriage licenses were issued to same-sex couples for the first time on April 27, 2009.
220:
law, under which "moral or sexual perverts" could be sterilized; anyone twice convicted would be immediately sterilized. In 1914, the U.S. District Court for the
Eastern District of Iowa overturned this law as unconstitutional. The state appealed, and in 1917, in
196:. This included an anti-sodomy law providing punishment of up to three years' imprisonment. In 1843, shortly before statehood, the Iowa Territorial Legislature enacted Iowa's first criminal code. It made no mention to sodomy, making it legal in Iowa. In 1860, the
1295:
639:(PRRI) poll found that 75% of Iowans support same-sex marriage, while 20% were opposed and 4% were unsure. The same poll found that 85% of Iowans supported an anti-discrimination law covering sexual orientation and gender identity. 11% were opposed.
2506:
448:
Transgender people in Iowa may alter their legal gender on official documents such as driver's licenses, IDs and birth certificates by submitting to the Iowa
Department of Public Health or Department of Transportation a notarized affidavit from a
207:
In 1892, a statute was enacted, providing for imprisonment of between one and ten years for sodomy, whether heterosexual or homosexual. The law punished consensual activity as well. The first criminal conviction occurred in 1900, in the case of
3080:
2328:
At the time of Iowa legalization, only two states prior has permanently legalized same-sex marriage. California legalized it prior to Iowa, but also reversed that legalization. Making Iowa the fourth state chronologically, but the third state
315:
were removed from office as the result of judicial retention elections in
November 2010, following a campaign by groups opposed to same-sex marriage. However, in November 2012, a fourth member of the Iowa Supreme Court that participated in
2597:
359:
and said that "By naming the nonbirthing spouse on the birth certificate of a married lesbian couple's child, the child is ensured support from that parent and the parent establishes fundamental legal rights at the moment of birth".
225:, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the lower court ruling. 49 people were sterilized under the law. In 1929, however, the state enacted a new sterilization law. This law, different from the previous one as it guaranteed some
245:
The state's law criminalizing same-sex sexual activity was repealed in 1978. Following the 1976 Supreme Court ruling, which held that heterosexual relations could not be prosecuted under the state's sodomy statute, the
601:. The board added that any person may file a complaint if there are concerns about a psychologist's practice and any complaint regarding conversion therapy employed by a licensed psychologist will be investigated.
2999:
476:
quickly passed a bill in the final hours of the legislative session, banning state funding for sex reassignment surgeries, which reversed the
Supreme Court ruling. Days later, the bill was signed into law by
3031:
1735:
1152:
436:
2449:
3164:
3124:
336:
Joint adoption by married same-sex couples has been legal since a ruling by the Iowa
Supreme Court in 2008. Iowa law allows individuals and married couples, regardless of sexual orientation, to
1684:
2379:
531:
signed the bill, which took effect immediately. For minors who are currently receiving gender-affirming care, healthcare providers must cease providing it to that person within 180 days.
3215:
2905:
2892:
2494:
367:
and fertility treatments. State law recognizes the non-genetic, non-gestational mother as a legal parent to a child born via donor insemination, but only if the parents are married.
328:
In
February 2022, it was reported that effective since January 1, 2022 that the United Methodist Church within Iowa itself does permit recognition and practice of same-sex marriage.
2979:
1934:
568:
272:. Bunch was a custodian at the University of Iowa hospitals, as well as a spokesperson for the Gay Liberation Front. Saying they wanted "the right to exist", the men appeared in
2092:
2073:
216:(oral sex), whether heterosexual or homosexual, was made criminal in 1902. Over the following years, the courts convicted multiple people of sodomy. In 1911, the state passed a
404:
Since 2007, Iowa has outlawed discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity in employment, housing and public accommodations. The state's largest city,
3129:
3099:
3021:
3004:
593:
practicing conversion therapy on minors. Instead, the board said it would form a subcommittee to study the topic. On August 12, the board declined to take action on a ban.
347:, a state court ordered the Iowa Department of Public Health to list the names of two women, a married lesbian couple, on the death certificate of their stillborn son. The
1910:
608:
became the first city in Iowa to pass an ordinance banning conversion therapy on minors. The ordinance was approved 8–2 by the
Davenport City Council on April 22, 2020.
1566:
3038:
3014:
1262:
1962:
1308:
3043:
2945:
2915:
1654:
427:
approved a bill, in a 27–21 vote, that would have added gender identity to the law. However, the bill subsequently died without a vote in the Republican-controlled
3169:
2372:
2454:
2135:
3009:
355:
that ordered it to enter the names of two women as parents on a birth certificate. On May 3, 2013, the court unanimously affirmed the lower court's ruling in
2159:
2008:
2989:
2935:
1325:
3055:
1858:
1465:
1401:
3248:
3075:
2365:
3048:
1239:
3094:
2882:
2573:
2563:
320:
was retained after vigorous campaigning by groups opposed to same-sex marriage and groups supporting same-sex marriage and judicial independence.
1485:
3087:
2969:
2518:
1832:
1709:
1635:
268:, filed one of the first lawsuits in the country seeking the right of same-sex couples to marry. Lee Bjorgum was a 20-year-old student at the
3205:
2111:
1375:
1345:
250:
passed a comprehensive criminal code which made no mention to sodomy. The age of consent is 16, regardless of gender and sexual orientation.
154:
1153:"'It was an outrageous idea at the time': Men decades ahead of gay marriage movement remembered for their contributions to equality in Iowa"
308:, either by presenting a ballot initiative before the voters or calling a state constitutional convention, to ban same-sex marriage failed.
3154:
3070:
3065:
2994:
2984:
2974:
2044:
1056:
2664:
1976:
559:) officially bans "sexual orientation and gender identity lessons within Iowa state school classrooms between Kindergarten to grade 6".
1196:
121:
Lesbian, gay, bisexual transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) rights in the U.S. state of Iowa have evolved significantly in the 21st century.
3210:
3159:
2849:
636:
629:
374:
laws, courts are generally favorable to couples, different-sex or same-sex, who use the gestational or traditional surrogacy process.
2264:
1216:
2388:
578:
543:
to require students to have written permission from a parent or guardian before students to use a single-person restroom at school.
1361:
1259:
3134:
2900:
420:
law provides penalty enhancements for crimes committed on the basis of the victim's sexual orientation, but not gender identity.
63:
58:
2185:
2057:
238:
led to the mass detention of several gay men who were sent to asylums, despite none of them having been convicted of the crime.
2510:
290:
Iowa has allowed for state recognition of same-sex marriages performed in and out of the state since April 3, 2009, after the
1597:
1574:
281:
1736:"Iowa Senate passes bill prohibiting transgender girls from playing on girls' sports teams, bill to head to governor's desk"
3270:
3185:
2925:
2814:
2779:
1173:
586:
428:
217:
2026:
1662:
2854:
2759:
2719:
1948:
1099:
2819:
2809:
2804:
2784:
2586:
2301:
1808:
434:
Although Iowa's hate crime law does not cover gender identity, U.S. federal law has covered this category since the
2940:
2734:
2649:
2536:
2459:
2337:
2282:
2769:
2764:
2639:
2502:
997:
259:
102:
2859:
2824:
2729:
2704:
2530:
2465:
1502:
1322:
465:
97:
179:
who were assigned male at birth but act and behave as women. Likewise, the Omaha refer to such individuals as
1462:
616:
In March 2020, the state House of Representatives unanimously passed a bill by a vote of 95–0 to abolish the
2844:
2794:
2774:
2749:
2739:
2724:
2714:
2699:
2679:
2654:
2644:
2634:
2592:
2558:
2403:
2012:
457:
stating that the sex designation of the applicant has been changed by reason of surgery or other treatment.
82:
3060:
2864:
2839:
2744:
2684:
2659:
2629:
2619:
364:
204:, noted the lack of such a law. The state made no effort to overturn this decision or enact a sodomy law.
1236:
3200:
2799:
2754:
2694:
2669:
2624:
2568:
2525:
2472:
2436:
2423:
598:
540:
521:
493:
473:
247:
396:
382:
2829:
2709:
2674:
2478:
1882:
1482:
305:
273:
231:
2930:
2834:
2789:
2689:
2416:
524:
to ban the provision of any and all gender-affirming healthcare to transgender minors within Iowa.
276:
District Court, and requested a marriage license. It was denied. Months later they did the same in
193:
1783:
1444:
1342:
1279:
1193:
181:
2579:
931:
582:
509:
484:. In November 2021, a Polk County District Court judge ruled that this ban was unconstitutional.
461:
348:
291:
269:
197:
173:
differed significantly from that of the Western world. The Dakota recognize individuals known as
134:
126:
1963:"Iowa governor signs bill limiting gender identity and sexual orientation instruction in school"
1935:"Iowa governor signs bill restricting lessons on gender identity, sexual orientation in schools"
1060:
125:
began issuing marriage licenses to same-sex couples on April 27, 2009 following a ruling by the
3195:
2442:
1085:
954:
617:
512:
institutions such as colleges and universities. The new law goes into effect on July 1, 2022.
504:
277:
130:
110:
2209:
1685:"Case No. CVCV061729: Aiden Vasquez and Mika Covington vs. Iowa Department of Human Services"
2874:
2227:
556:
552:
525:
497:
478:
235:
2245:
1134:
1117:
1489:
1469:
1349:
1329:
1243:
1220:
1177:
605:
296:
150:
138:
72:
1213:
1038:
2160:"Lawmakers look at restrictions on training dealing with 'divisive concepts' in schools"
1617:"Iowa Republicans vote to prohibit Medicaid dollars from paying for transgender surgery"
1426:
1194:"Unanimous ruling: Iowa marriage no longer limited to one man, one woman," April 4, 2009
764:
735:
706:
677:
3190:
2486:
2429:
189:
1710:"Iowa Governor Signs Law Barring Transgender Athletes From Competing In School Events"
585:) on LGBT minors. The bill, however, died without a vote in the Republican-controlled
3264:
3106:
1266:
1200:
914:(Current DoD policy bans "hermaphrodites" from serving or enlisting in the military)
175:
158:
49:
2357:
17:
3236:
1911:"Iowa enacts transgender bathroom bill and ban on gender-affirming care for minors"
1567:"Iowa Gov. Kim Reynolds Signs Bill with Discriminatory, Anti-Transgender Provision"
528:
500:
481:
389:
162:
1784:"Movement Advancement Project | Bans on Transgender Youth Participation in Sports"
1010:
989:
977:
944:
923:
897:
884:
871:
858:
845:
832:
819:
806:
1549:
2351:
574:
424:
265:
226:
1170:
287:
Iowa has provided benefits to same-sex partners of state employees since 2003.
2611:
1362:
Iowa District Court for Polk County, Buntemeyer v. Iowa DPH, December 12, 2012
417:
405:
133:. Same-sex couples may also adopt, and state laws ban discrimination based on
1859:"Ban on gender-affirming care for transgender minors heads to Reynolds' desk"
1004:
938:
2045:"Iowa Board of Psychology Votes Down Proposal to Ban Gay Conversion Therapy"
1833:"ICYMI: Iowa Governor Kim Reynolds Signs Gender Affirming Care Ban Into Law"
960:
910:
450:
386:
371:
170:
1759:
1655:"Iowa Supreme Court strikes down ban on coverage for trans-related surgery"
1532:
1503:"Bill Adding Transgender Protections to Hate Crimes Law Passes Iowa Senate"
284:
of Iowa filed a lawsuit on their behalf, but the lawsuit was unsuccessful.
40:
2302:"FDA eases blood donation requirements for gay men amid "urgent" shortage"
1990:
1309:"Iowa United Methodist Church now allows same-sex marriages, LGBTQ clergy"
1237:
Jason Hancock, "Gronstal: No gay marriage vote in 2010," December 31, 2009
880:
Lesbian, gay, and bisexual people allowed to serve openly in the military
351:
heard arguments that same day in the department's appeal of a decision in
1506:
469:
337:
213:
1616:
1376:"Supreme Court hears birth certificate case involving same-sex parents"
769:
740:
711:
682:
454:
2074:"Davenport becomes the first Iowa city to ban gay conversion therapy"
1280:"Gay Marriage Foes Back Push To Oust Iowa Justices," October 25, 2010
166:
1809:"Iowa's governor signs law banning gender-affirming care for minors"
87:
Sexual orientation and gender identity are protected characteristics
2112:"The Crucial Protection For LGBTQ Iowans Still Missing In Iowa Law"
1510:
1171:"States offering benefits for same-sex partners of state employees"
1323:"Iowa Supreme Court strikes down gay marriage ban," April 3, 2009
395:
381:
242:
wrote. It did not address same-sex sexual activity in its ruling.
2058:
Iowa state board explains vote against banning conversion therapy
294:
unanimously upheld a ruling by the Polk County District Court in
2283:"Medical Conditions That Can Keep You From Joining the Military"
408:, has had a non-discrimination ordinance of its own since 1991.
122:
45:
2361:
1598:"Iowa may soon stop covering transgender care through Medicaid"
2027:"Iowa medical, psychology boards mull conversion therapy rule"
1402:"Iowa Court: List Both Same-Sex Parents On Birth Certificates"
970:
437:
Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act
2450:
Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act
2186:"PERSPECTIVES: 'Divisive Concepts' and the Problem of Racism"
311:
Three of the Iowa Supreme Court justices who participated in
3165:
History of violence against LGBT people in the United States
3125:
U.S. state constitutional amendments banning same-sex unions
2265:"Biden reverses Trump ban on transgender people in military"
2136:"Bill banning diversity training on way to governor to sign"
77:
Transgender people may change legal gender, surgery required
1533:"Iowa SF2284 | 2015-2016 | 86th General Assembly"
893:
Transgender people allowed to serve openly in the military
304:
In response to the decision, several attempts to amend the
1991:"Iowa SF334 | 2015-2016 | 86th General Assembly"
192:
was established in 1838, it adopted all its laws from the
643:
Public opinion for LGBT anti-discrimination laws in Iowa
2495:
Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission
2009:"Iowa Board of Medicine to study conversion therapy ban"
1082:
Dishonorable Passions: Sodomy Laws in America, 1861-2003
1039:"The History of Sodomy Laws in the United States - Iowa"
906:
Intersex people allowed to serve openly in the military
1296:"Voters retain Justice David Wiggins," November 7, 2012
165:
peoples. Among these people groups, perceptions toward
3216:
Disney and Florida's Parental Rights in Education Act
2335:
828:
Anti-discrimination laws covering sexual orientation
569:
List of U.S. jurisdictions banning conversion therapy
1636:"Medicaid to cover sex reassignment surgery in Iowa"
3178:
3147:
3130:
Same-sex marriage law in the United States by state
3115:
2958:
2914:
2891:
2873:
2610:
2547:
2402:
2395:
1100:"The gay rights movement in Eastern Iowa -- Part 1"
264:In 1976, Tracy Lee Bjorgum and Kenneth Bunch, from
109:
96:
91:
81:
71:
57:
31:
1949:"Iowa signs copycat 'Don't Say Gay' bill into law"
985:Surrogacy arrangements legal for gay male couples
841:Anti-discrimination laws covering gender identity
141:in employment, housing and public accommodations.
2263:Baldor, Lolita; Miller, Zeke (January 25, 2021).
1977:"Iowa Senate votes to ban gay conversion therapy"
1760:"Iowa HF2416 | 2021-2022 | 89th General Assembly"
1260:"Iowans Dismiss Three Justices," November 3, 2010
867:Joint and stepchild adoption by same-sex couples
539:In March 2023, a bill passed both houses of the
520:In March 2023, a bill passed both houses of the
145:History and legality of same-sex sexual activity
129:, making Iowa the fourth U.S. state to legalize
1445:"What You Need to Know About Surrogacy in Iowa"
3170:2020s anti-LGBTQ movement in the United States
2373:
2093:"Davenport bans conversion therapy of minors"
157:tribes inhabited the area. These include the
8:
3032:State bans on local anti-discrimination laws
2068:
2066:
496:passed a bill, which was signed into law by
1214:"Iowa gay marriages delayed," April 7, 2009
1169:National Conference of State Legislatures:
516:Gender-affirming healthcare ban on children
370:Although Iowa does not possess any defined
153:of Iowa in the early 19th century, several
2962:
2598:Presidential Memorandum of August 25, 2017
2408:
2399:
2380:
2366:
2358:
1979:. The Des Moines Register. March 17, 2015.
39:
28:
234:. That same year, the murder of a boy in
3049:Florida Parental Rights in Education Act
2455:Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010
1807:Rose, Andy; Forrest, Jack (2023-03-23).
1554:National Center for Transgender Equality
798:
641:
555:signed a bill into law (that passed the
2574:Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
2564:Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952
2342:
2321:
1025:
2519:G.G. v. Gloucester County School Board
1033:
1031:
1029:
1014:(Since 2020; 3-month deferral period)
3206:Arnold Schwarzenegger and LGBT rights
1904:
1902:
1059:. Hrc.org. 2007-03-09. Archived from
472:program. However, a month later, the
440:was signed into law in October 2009.
254:Recognition of same-sex relationships
7:
3155:LGBTQ movements in the United States
1374:Danielson, Dar (December 12, 2012).
503:, that uses "sex at birth" to limit
1135:"The Daily Iowan, issue 1976-06-04"
1118:"The Daily Iowan, issue 1976-06-11"
3211:LGBT protests against Donald Trump
3160:LGBTQ history in the United States
2300:McNamara, Audrey (April 2, 2020).
2091:Ambrose, Graham (April 22, 2020).
765:Public Religion Research Institute
736:Public Religion Research Institute
707:Public Religion Research Institute
678:Public Religion Research Institute
637:Public Religion Research Institute
630:Public Religion Research Institute
468:must be covered under the state's
25:
2389:LGBTQ rights in the United States
1084:(NY: Penguin Group, 2008), 201n,
579:sexual orientation change efforts
115:Same-sex couples allowed to adopt
3243:
3242:
3230:
3135:Sodomy laws in the United States
2345:
1909:Lavietes, Matt (23 March 2023).
1653:Anya Crittenton (8 March 2019).
1151:Spoerre, Anna (August 4, 2019).
1009:
1003:
988:
976:
959:
943:
937:
922:
909:
896:
883:
870:
857:
844:
831:
818:
805:
343:On December 12, 2012, ruling in
2587:DoD Directive 1304.26
1509:. March 8, 2016. Archived from
1098:Langton, Diane (June 8, 2013).
802:Same-sex sexual activity legal
363:Lesbian couples have access to
2246:"PRRI – American Values Atlas"
2228:"PRRI – American Values Atlas"
2210:"PRRI – American Values Atlas"
2184:Martinez, Ruben (2021-06-19).
770:April 29, 2015-January 7, 2016
1:
3186:Congressional Equality Caucus
2110:Hytrek, Nikoel (2021-06-21).
1883:"Iowa Legislature - BillBook"
1596:Alex Bollinger (1 May 2019).
1400:Neuman, Scott (May 3, 2013).
1364:. Retrieved December 17, 2012
1298:, accessed November 13, 2012.
919:Right to change legal gender
587:Iowa House of Representatives
280:, were again denied, and the
1857:Opsahl, Robin (2023-03-08).
1615:John Riley (30 April 2019).
1431:Movement Advancement Project
787:
784:
779:
776:
773:
768:
758:
755:
750:
747:
744:
739:
729:
726:
721:
718:
715:
710:
700:
697:
692:
689:
686:
681:
324:Methodist church within Iowa
98:Recognition of relationships
1634:Gigi Sukin (9 March 2019).
1463:Iowa Non-Discrimination Law
712:January 3-December 30, 2018
683:January 2-December 30, 2019
3287:
3044:Anti-LGBTQ curriculum laws
2537:303 Creative LLC v. Elenis
2460:Violence Against Women Act
1565:Nick Morrow (3 May 2019).
1481:Human Resources Campaign:
1461:Human Resources Campaign:
1341:Human Resources Campaign:
815:Equal age of consent (16)
566:
378:Discrimination protections
257:
83:Discrimination protections
3224:
3022:Employment discrimination
2965:
2589:("Don't ask, don't tell")
2411:
1427:"Iowa's equality profile"
1203:, accessed March 13, 2011
1180:, accessed April 16, 2011
1088:, accessed April 10, 2011
741:April 5-December 23, 2017
260:Same-sex marriage in Iowa
230:psychopaths" and sent to
38:
2936:Northern Mariana Islands
2531:Respect for Marriage Act
2466:United States v. Windsor
1492:, accessed June 26, 2011
1472:, accessed June 26, 2011
1352:, accessed June 26, 2011
1332:, accessed June 26, 2011
1282:, accessed June 26, 2011
1269:, accessed June 26, 2011
1246:, accessed June 26, 2011
1223:, accessed June 26, 2011
1000:allowed to donate blood
466:sex reassignment surgery
2980:Conversion therapy bans
2593:Defense of Marriage Act
2559:Immigration Act of 1917
2013:The Des Moines Register
1157:The Des Moines Register
573:On March 17, 2015, the
400:Iowa City Pride in 2017
2990:Housing discrimination
1242:July 17, 2011, at the
488:Transgender sports ban
423:On March 8, 2016, the
401:
393:
365:in vitro fertilization
345:Buntemeyer v. Iowa DPH
332:Adoption and parenting
3201:LGBT people in prison
3076:Domestic partnerships
3056:Public accommodations
2569:Executive Order 10450
2526:Executive Order 13988
2473:Executive Order 13672
2437:Executive Order 13087
2424:Executive Order 12968
2164:Iowa Capital Dispatch
1863:Iowa Capital Dispatch
1837:Human Rights Campaign
1571:Human Rights Campaign
1080:William N. Eskridge,
541:Iowa General Assembly
522:Iowa General Assembly
494:Iowa General Assembly
474:Iowa General Assembly
399:
385:
248:Iowa General Assembly
232:psychiatric hospitals
223:Davis v. Berry et al.
3271:LGBTQ rights in Iowa
3061:Religious exemptions
2883:District of Columbia
2507:Harris Funeral Homes
2479:Obergefell v. Hodges
1665:on 27 September 2021
1483:Iowa Hate Crimes Law
973:for lesbian couples
67:(Legislative repeal)
33:LGBTQ rights in Iowa
18:LGBT history in Iowa
2946:U.S. Virgin Islands
2417:One, Inc. v. Olesen
2289:. 25 February 2022.
1292:Des Moines Register
1256:Des Moines Register
1190:Des Moines Register
854:Same-sex marriages
644:
577:voted 26–24 to ban
492:In March 2022, the
460:In March 2019, the
194:Wisconsin Territory
151:European settlement
3095:Transgender rights
3015:Sexual orientation
2580:Bowers v. Hardwick
2140:www.thegazette.com
2116:Iowa Starting Line
2047:. August 12, 2016.
2033:. August 12, 2016.
1887:www.legis.iowa.gov
1691:. 19 November 2021
1513:on October 8, 2018
1488:2012-04-25 at the
1468:2012-03-11 at the
1449:American Surrogacy
1348:2012-04-25 at the
1328:2011-06-05 at the
1265:July 28, 2012, at
1219:2009-04-10 at the
1199:June 29, 2012, at
1176:2010-12-30 at the
932:Conversion therapy
642:
583:conversion therapy
563:Conversion therapy
462:Iowa Supreme Court
444:Transgender rights
402:
394:
349:Iowa Supreme Court
306:state Constitution
292:Iowa Supreme Court
270:University of Iowa
198:Iowa Supreme Court
135:sexual orientation
127:Iowa Supreme Court
3258:
3257:
3196:Save Our Children
3143:
3142:
2954:
2953:
2606:
2605:
2443:Lawrence v. Texas
2080:. April 23, 2020.
1343:Iowa Adoption Law
1057:"Iowa Sodomy Law"
1018:
1017:
955:gay panic defense
953:Abolition of the
948:(Davenport only)
934:banned on minors
792:
791:
618:gay panic defence
612:Gay panic defense
551:In May 2023, the
353:Gartner v. Newton
200:, in the case of
131:same-sex marriage
119:
118:
103:Same-sex marriage
16:(Redirected from
3278:
3246:
3245:
3237:LGBTQ portal
3235:
3234:
3233:
2963:
2875:Federal district
2511:Altitude Express
2409:
2400:
2382:
2375:
2368:
2359:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2341:
2330:
2326:
2310:
2309:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2269:Associated Press
2260:
2254:
2253:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2070:
2061:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2031:Associated Press
2023:
2017:
2016:
2015:. April 8, 2016.
2005:
1999:
1998:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1906:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1819:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1734:Delgado, Emily.
1731:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1696:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1661:. Archived from
1650:
1644:
1643:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1573:. Archived from
1562:
1556:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1499:
1493:
1479:
1473:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1371:
1365:
1359:
1353:
1339:
1333:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1305:
1299:
1289:
1283:
1276:
1270:
1253:
1247:
1233:Iowa Independent
1230:
1224:
1210:
1204:
1187:
1181:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1095:
1089:
1086:available online
1078:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1035:
1013:
1007:
992:
980:
963:
947:
941:
926:
913:
900:
887:
874:
861:
848:
835:
822:
809:
799:
645:
599:General Assembly
557:Iowa Legislature
553:Governor of Iowa
498:Governor of Iowa
64:Legal since 1978
43:
29:
21:
3286:
3285:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3254:
3231:
3229:
3220:
3174:
3139:
3117:
3111:
3081:by municipality
3066:Same-sex unions
3027:by municipality
2995:Intersex rights
2950:
2917:
2910:
2887:
2869:
2602:
2551:
2549:
2543:
2391:
2386:
2356:
2346:
2344:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2327:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2194:
2192:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2169:
2167:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2144:
2142:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2120:
2118:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2097:Quad City Times
2090:
2089:
2085:
2072:
2071:
2064:
2056:
2052:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1919:
1917:
1908:
1907:
1900:
1891:
1889:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1867:
1865:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1842:
1840:
1839:. 22 March 2023
1831:
1830:
1826:
1817:
1815:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1792:
1790:
1788:www.lgbtmap.org
1782:
1781:
1777:
1768:
1766:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1744:
1742:
1740:The Daily Iowan
1733:
1732:
1728:
1719:
1717:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1694:
1692:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1668:
1666:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1580:
1578:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1548:
1544:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1516:
1514:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1490:Wayback Machine
1480:
1476:
1470:Wayback Machine
1460:
1456:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1410:
1408:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1384:
1382:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1360:
1356:
1350:Wayback Machine
1340:
1336:
1330:Wayback Machine
1320:
1316:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1290:
1286:
1277:
1273:
1254:
1250:
1244:Wayback Machine
1231:
1227:
1221:Wayback Machine
1211:
1207:
1188:
1184:
1178:Wayback Machine
1168:
1164:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1079:
1075:
1066:
1064:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1037:
1036:
1027:
1023:
797:
662:
657:
652:
626:
614:
604:In April 2020,
571:
565:
549:
537:
518:
490:
446:
414:
380:
334:
326:
297:Varnum v. Brien
262:
256:
202:Estes v. Carter
155:Native American
147:
139:gender identity
73:Gender identity
66:
53:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3284:
3282:
3274:
3273:
3263:
3262:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3240:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3191:Lavender Scare
3188:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3151:
3149:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3121:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3104:
3103:
3102:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3073:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3041:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3019:
3018:
3017:
3012:
3007:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2975:Age of consent
2972:
2966:
2960:
2956:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2926:American Samoa
2922:
2920:
2916:Unincorporated
2912:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2906:Indian Country
2903:
2897:
2895:
2893:Tribal nations
2889:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2879:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2815:South Carolina
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2780:North Carolina
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2616:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2584:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2555:
2553:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2515:
2499:
2491:
2487:Pavan v. Smith
2483:
2475:
2470:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2439:
2434:
2430:Romer v. Evans
2426:
2421:
2412:
2406:
2397:
2393:
2392:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2377:
2370:
2362:
2355:
2354:
2332:
2331:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2292:
2274:
2255:
2237:
2219:
2201:
2176:
2151:
2127:
2102:
2083:
2062:
2050:
2036:
2018:
2000:
1982:
1968:
1965:. 28 May 2023.
1954:
1951:. 27 May 2023.
1940:
1937:. 27 May 2023.
1926:
1898:
1874:
1849:
1824:
1799:
1775:
1751:
1726:
1701:
1676:
1645:
1626:
1607:
1588:
1557:
1542:
1524:
1494:
1474:
1454:
1436:
1418:
1392:
1366:
1354:
1334:
1314:
1300:
1284:
1271:
1248:
1225:
1205:
1182:
1162:
1143:
1126:
1109:
1090:
1073:
1048:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1001:
994:
993:
986:
982:
981:
974:
966:
965:
957:
950:
949:
935:
928:
927:
920:
916:
915:
907:
903:
902:
894:
890:
889:
881:
877:
876:
868:
864:
863:
855:
851:
850:
842:
838:
837:
829:
825:
824:
816:
812:
811:
803:
796:
793:
790:
789:
786:
783:
778:
775:
772:
767:
761:
760:
757:
754:
749:
746:
743:
738:
732:
731:
728:
725:
720:
717:
714:
709:
703:
702:
699:
696:
691:
688:
685:
680:
674:
673:
670:
667:
664:
659:
654:
649:
625:
624:Public opinion
622:
613:
610:
564:
561:
548:
545:
536:
533:
517:
514:
510:post-secondary
505:women's sports
489:
486:
464:declared that
445:
442:
413:
412:Hate crime law
410:
379:
376:
333:
330:
325:
322:
274:Johnson County
258:Main article:
255:
252:
190:Iowa Territory
146:
143:
117:
116:
113:
107:
106:
100:
94:
93:
89:
88:
85:
79:
78:
75:
69:
68:
61:
55:
54:
44:
36:
35:
32:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3283:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3251:
3250:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3227:
3226:
3223:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3114:
3108:
3107:Bathroom bill
3105:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3089:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2964:
2961:
2957:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2913:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2901:Navajo Nation
2899:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2855:West Virginia
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2760:New Hampshire
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2720:Massachusetts
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2546:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2401:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2383:
2378:
2376:
2371:
2369:
2364:
2363:
2360:
2353:
2343:
2339:
2325:
2322:
2315:
2307:
2303:
2296:
2293:
2288:
2284:
2278:
2275:
2270:
2266:
2259:
2256:
2251:
2247:
2241:
2238:
2233:
2229:
2223:
2220:
2215:
2211:
2205:
2202:
2191:
2187:
2180:
2177:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2152:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2128:
2117:
2113:
2106:
2103:
2098:
2094:
2087:
2084:
2079:
2075:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2051:
2046:
2040:
2037:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2019:
2014:
2010:
2004:
2001:
1996:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1978:
1972:
1969:
1964:
1958:
1955:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1936:
1930:
1927:
1916:
1912:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1888:
1884:
1878:
1875:
1864:
1860:
1853:
1850:
1838:
1834:
1828:
1825:
1814:
1810:
1803:
1800:
1789:
1785:
1779:
1776:
1765:
1761:
1755:
1752:
1741:
1737:
1730:
1727:
1715:
1711:
1705:
1702:
1690:
1689:DocumentCloud
1686:
1680:
1677:
1664:
1660:
1659:Gay Star News
1656:
1649:
1646:
1641:
1637:
1630:
1627:
1622:
1618:
1611:
1608:
1603:
1599:
1592:
1589:
1577:on 4 May 2019
1576:
1572:
1568:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1546:
1543:
1538:
1534:
1528:
1525:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1484:
1478:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1458:
1455:
1450:
1446:
1440:
1437:
1432:
1428:
1422:
1419:
1407:
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2785:North Dakota
2583: (1986)
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2490: (2016)
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2482: (2015)
2477:
2469: (2013)
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2433: (1996)
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1695:2021-11-27
1380:Radio Iowa
1067:2013-11-02
1021:References
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964:(Pending)
666:% support
567:See also:
418:hate crime
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236:Sioux City
105:since 2009
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451:physician
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2190:Future U
1995:LegiScan
1915:NBC News
1764:LegiScan
1714:HuffPost
1537:LegiScan
1517:March 9,
1507:One Iowa
1486:Archived
1466:Archived
1385:March 6,
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526:Governor
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111:Adoption
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2745:Montana
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628:A 2017
455:surgeon
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182:mix'uga
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663:error
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318:Varnum
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167:gender
159:Dakota
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2316:Notes
1640:Axios
1581:4 May
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