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released the third revision of this recommendation ITU-R BS.1770-3. In
October 2015, the ITU released the fourth revision of this recommendation ITU-R BS.1770-4. In November 2023, the ITU released the fifth revision of this recommendation ITU-R BS.1770-5.
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The EBU has suggested that the ITU should change the unit to LUFS, as LKFS does not comply with scientific naming conventions and is not in line with the standard set out in ISO 80000-8. Furthermore, they suggest the symbol for
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57:) introduced a loudness gate in the second revision of the recommendation, ITU-R BS.1770-2. In August 2012, the
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EBU Tech 3343 - Practical guidelines for
Production and Implementation in accordance with EBU R 128
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LKFS and LUFS are identical in that they are both measured in absolute scale and both equal to one
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EBU Recommendation R 128: Loudness normalisation and permitted maximum level of audio signals
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ITU-R BS.1770-5 Algorithms to measure audio programme loudness and true-peak audio level
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ITU-R BS.1770-4 Algorithms to measure audio programme loudness and true-peak audio level
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ITU-R BS.1770-3 Algorithms to measure audio programme loudness and true-peak audio level
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ITU-R BS.1770-2 Algorithms to measure audio programme loudness and true-peak audio level
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ITU-R BS.1770 Algorithms to measure audio programme loudness and true-peak audio level
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without direct absolute reference and therefore describes loudness level differences.
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Towards a
Recommendation for a European Standard of Peak and LKFS Loudness Levels
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R 128 LOUDNESS NORMALISATION AND PERMITTED MAXIMUM LEVEL OF AUDIO SIGNALS
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53:. In March 2011, the International Telecommunication Union (
116:) is an additional unit used in EBU R128. It describes L
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E.M. Grimm; R. van
Everdingen; M. J. L. C. Schöpping.
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and LUFS equivalent when LUFS indicates the value of L
72:) is a synonym for LKFS that was introduced in
8:
20:Loudness, K-weighted, relative to full scale
225:, International Telecommunication Union (
324:, International Telecommunication Union
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267:, International Telecommunication Union
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99:with reference to digital full scale.
66:Loudness units relative to full scale
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146:(Technical report). Archived from
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194:"Mixing and Mastering Using LUFS"
165:"Mastering & loudness – FAQ"
1:
372:, European Broadcasting Union
248:, European Broadcasting Union
36:broadcast television systems
345:European Broadcasting Union
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82:loudness level, k-weighted
30:measurement unit used for
16:Loudness measurement unit
347:, August 2011, p. 3
49:LKFS is standardized in
44:music streaming services
91:, which would make L
169:Spotify for Artists
32:audio normalization
391:Loudness Explained
198:Mastering The Mix
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418:Sound technology
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26:) is a standard
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153:on 2014-09-12.
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110:Loudness units
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51:ITU-R BS.1770
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201:. Retrieved
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177:. Retrieved
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124:References
84:should be
38:and other
74:EBU R 128
412:Category
28:loudness
104:decibel
106:(dB).
370:(PDF)
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40:video
70:LUFS
42:and
24:LKFS
227:ITU
76:.
59:ITU
55:ITU
34:in
414::
343:,
196:.
167:.
114:LU
46:.
229:)
206:.
182:.
118:k
112:(
97:k
93:k
88:k
86:L
68:(
22:(
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