390:
66:
37:
1073:(12 in) rears, and 150 to 250 mm (5.9 to 9.8 in) roofs. The secondary guns were protected with 170 mm (6.7 in) of armor plate. The forward conning tower had 350 to 400 mm (13.8 to 15.7 in) of armor protection and the aft conning tower received just 250 mm of side protection.
1051:
to slightly aft of the fourth barbette. Aft of the rearmost turret the belt was reduced to 300 mm (11.8 in), though it did not extend all the way to the stern. In the forward part of the ship, the belt was reduced to 250 mm (9.8 in) and the bow received only splinter protection in
910:
Two more proposals were completed in mid-1918; the first was almost the same as the L 20e α variant and the second was similar but had only six main battery guns and a top speed of 28 knots (52 km/h; 32 mph). By 11 September 1918, the L 20e α variant was selected as the
906:
turret and the submerged torpedo tubes. For his part, Scheer asked whether triple or quadruple turrets might be used to save enough weight for speed to be increased to 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph), which delayed completion of the design until mid-1918. By that time, the studies that had been
730:
By the end of 1916, design work on three proposals to meet Scheer's specifications was complete, all of which displaced around 42,000 metric tons (41,000 long tons). L 20b, L 21b and L 22c; L 20b would have eight 42 cm guns, L 21b and L 22c ten or eight 38 cm
726:
designs. Scheer demanded that the new ships should have guns of 42 cm caliber, an armored belt 350 mm (14 in) thick and be capable of speeds of up to 32 knots (59 km/h; 37 mph), all on a displacement of up to 50,000 metric tons (49,000 long tons). The new 42 cm gun was
1072:
The barbettes were also 350 mm thick on the front and sides, decreasing to 250 mm on the rear. Their lower portions, which were protected by the belt armor, were significantly reduced to 100 mm (3.9 in). The main gun turrets had 350 mm faces, 250 mm sides, 305 mm
1038:
on the upper deck and the other four would have been abreast of the rear superfiring turret on the main deck. The design was to have been equipped with three submerged torpedo tubes, either 60 or 70 cm (23.6 or 27.6 in) in diameter. One tube was placed in the bow, the other two on either
931:
February 1918, which stated that capital ship construction had stopped, primarily due to the shifting priorities to the U-boat war. Though the ships of the class were never built, the naval historian
Timothy Mulligan notes that with "the unresolved dilemma of conflicting design concepts and overly
543:
and the
Germans intended the 1916 battleship design to be superior to these and designs were drawn up with an armament of ten or twelve 38 cm guns. The designs included versions with the standard twin-gun turrets favored by the German navy, along with variants with both twin and quadruple
739:
construction. Work on L 20b continued, as the naval command preferred the 42 cm gun variant, with a refined version submitted on 21 August 1917 as L 20e; a new design, L 24, was also submitted, which was similar to L 20e but was slightly longer, faster by 1.5 knots
1060:
of armor plating which extended up to the upper deck. The ships' armored deck was to have been 50 mm (2 in) thick forward, increased to 50–60 mm (2.4 in) amidships and 50 to 120 mm (4.7 in) aft. Additional horizontal protection forward consisted of a
915:
below the waterline, the attachment of which was an extremely time-consuming process. It was believed that the higher speed of the class—26 knots (48 km/h; 30 mph)—would make up for the vulnerability to torpedo attack and make the armor unnecessary.
564:
then also under development. The battleships were the same size as the battlecruisers and L 1 and L 3 had the same armament of eight 38 cm guns (L 2 would have mounted ten of those guns) but they would have had a top speed of 25 to 26
752:, while the L 24 proposal used above-water launchers. Displacement for the designs was fixed at 45,000 t (44,000 long tons). Both ships had a top speed of only 23 knots (43 km/h; 26 mph), which was unacceptable to Scheer.
1101:, the main belt armor extended to 35 cm (14 in) below the waterline and then tapered to 17.2 cm (6.8 in) at the bottom edge. The L 20e α design discarded the use of the lower section of belt armor.
371:-class battleships, at 238 m (780 ft 10 in) long, compared to 180 m (590 ft 7 in) for the preceding ships. The L 20e α class would have been significantly faster, with a top speed of 26
927:, the firm that had been awarded the contract to conduct the testing, informed the RMA that design work on the new turret would have to wait and Capelle accepted the news without much objection. The RMA filed a report dated 1
911:
basis for the next battleship to be built. During the design process, it was decided that the utmost concern was that the ships could be built and placed into service quickly. The ships were to discard the use of broadside
981:(75,000 kW). The steam plant consisted of six oil-fired and sixteen coal-fired boilers trunked into a large funnel. Bunkerage was 3,000 metric tons (2,953 long tons) of coal and 2,000 metric tons (1,968 long tons) of
957:, with a beam of 33.5 m (110 ft) and a draft of 9 m (30 ft). Displacement was to be approximately 44,500 metric tons (43,800 long tons) as designed and up to 49,500 metric tons (48,700 long tons)
1009:
class, in a superfiring arrangement on the center line; the aft pair of turrets were separated by engine rooms. The four turrets each mounted two 42 cm SK L/45 guns, for a total of eight guns on the
875:
By
October 1917, the L 20e and L 24e designs were refined into the L 20e α and L 24e α versions; these displaced 44,500 t (43,800 long tons) and 45,000 t respectively.
575:
s and heavier armor. Work on the designs continued at a slow pace, with thought given to armament alternatives, including batteries of eight or ten 38 cm or eight 42 cm (17 in) guns.
361:
Work on the design was completed by
September 1918, but by then there was no chance for them to be built. Germany's declining war situation and the reallocation of resources to support the
554:
By 1916, work had resumed on new battleship designs and, in April, the first three proposals were submitted: the L 1, L 2 and L 3 designs, which were similar to the
1069:
that was 50–60 mm thick. A sloped 30 mm thick splinter bulkhead to protect against shell fragments, extended from the top of the torpedo bulkhead up to the upper deck.
1709:
2266:
2611:
923:. The work that would have been necessary to design and test the new 42 cm turret clashed with U-boat construction, which had become the priority of the Navy.
1014:. The 42 cm gun fired a 1,000-kilogram (2,200 lb) shell out to 33,000 m (36,000 yd) at the maximum elevation of 30 degrees. The estimated
710:" (unified ship) that combined the armor and firepower of battleships and the high speed of battlecruisers. Another faction in the naval command, led by Admiral
2596:
907:
completed suggested that the weight savings would be minimal and that the more crowded triple or quadruple turrets would reduce the rate of fire too much.
340:
battleships began in 1914, but the outbreak of World War I in July 1914 led to these plans being shelved. Work resumed in early 1916 and lessons from the
1801:
2574:
1702:
409:
Just before the start of the 20th century, Germany embarked on a naval expansion to challenge
British control of the seas, under the direction of
1630:
Mulligan, Timothy P. (October 2005). "Ship-of-the-Line or
Atlantic Raider? Battleship "Bismarck" between Design Limitations and Naval Strategy".
1887:
1678:
1620:
1601:
1579:
1556:
1537:
1514:
1492:
432:
348:, the commander of the fleet, wanted larger main guns and a higher top speed than earlier vessels, to combat the latest ships in the British
919:
The ships were never built, primarily because the shipyard capacity available that late in the war had largely been diverted to support the
2309:
1695:
569:(46 to 48 km/h; 29 to 30 mph) compared to the 29 to 29.5 knots (53.7 to 54.6 km/h; 33.4 to 33.9 mph) speeds of the
2606:
2128:
2065:
460:
disrupted German plans but
Tirpitz nevertheless continued his program, securing the construction of a further twenty-one dreadnought
389:
2291:
1965:
555:
531:
896:
class. The proposals were submitted to the naval command in
January 1918; Wilhelm II continued to stress the importance of the "
2316:
1951:
1632:
1794:
1768:
732:
890:, mounted above the waterline, compared to L 20e α. The armor layout for both designs was similar to that of the
2175:
1958:
1901:
920:
444:
362:
2001:
1908:
1894:
1880:
1752:
1116:) denotes that the gun is quick loading, while the L/45 denotes the length of the gun. In this case, the L/45 gun is 45
450:
438:
426:
128:
94:
352:. A variety of proposals were submitted, with armament ranging from the same eight 38 cm (15 in) guns of the
2601:
748:. It also differed in the placement of the torpedo armament. The L 20 design placed them in the hull below the
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
1936:
1872:
1834:
545:
510:(Imperial Navy) began planning for the battleship design for the 1916 construction program, which would follow the
471:
422:
405:, the last German battleship to be completed for the Imperial fleet, and the basis for the L 20e α design
1568:
Die
Linienschiffe der Kaiserlichen Marine: 1906–1918; Konstruktionen zwischen Rüstungskonkurrenz und Flottengesetz
2356:
2149:
2015:
1848:
1787:
1031:
1018:
was 800 meters per second (2,600 ft/s) The ships were to have been armed with a secondary battery of twelve
902:" concept and he suggested that the speed of the design might be significantly increased by removing the forward
483:
248:
2079:
1549:
Naval
Weapons of World War One: Guns, Torpedoes, Mines and ASW Weapons of All Nations; An Illustrated Directory
1027:
537:
244:
2250:
2245:
2235:
2451:
2446:
2240:
2221:
2201:
2121:
2100:
2093:
1855:
1841:
1827:
1743:
1095:
1026:
in the main deck around the superstructure. The anti-aircraft battery was to have consisted of either eight
954:
489:
477:
465:
394:
334:
81:
2211:
2196:
2107:
1056:
and extended to 195 cm (76.8 in) above it. Directly above the main belt was a 250 mm thick
958:
146:
2506:
1481:
Campbell, N. J. M. & Sieche, Erwin (1986). "Germany". In Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal (eds.).
2501:
2486:
2135:
2086:
2072:
2051:
365:
meant the ships would never be built. The ships would have been significantly larger than the preceding
2526:
2521:
2142:
1985:
1671:
Building the Kaiser's Navy: The Imperial Navy Office and German Industry in the Tirpitz Era, 1890–1919
1572:
The Battleships of the Imperial Navy: 1906–1918; Constructions between Arms Competition and Fleet Laws
2516:
2496:
2481:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2441:
2436:
2301:
2273:
2228:
2216:
2167:
2114:
2058:
1052:
the form of 30 mm (1.2 in) thick plate. The belt began 35 cm (13.8 in) below the
275:
71:
2511:
2491:
2476:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
1117:
587:
140:
1047:
The ships had a 350 mm (13.8 in) armored belt running from slightly forward of the fore
2206:
2008:
1993:
1657:
1526:
Deutsche Großkampfschiffe 1915 bis 1918 – Die Entwicklung der Typenfrage im Ersten Weltkrieg
877:
735:
in February 1917, Capelle argued that capital ship construction should not be halted in favor of
711:
505:
418:
324:
375:(48 km/h; 30 mph), compared to the 21-knot (39 km/h; 24 mph) maximum of the
2159:
1674:
1649:
1616:
1597:
1575:
1552:
1533:
1510:
1488:
1469:
1460:
Campbell, N. J. M. (1977). Preston, Antony (ed.). "German Dreadnoughts and Their Protection".
1065:
deck that was 20 to 40 mm (0.8 to 1.6 in) thick. The ships were also protected by a
1011:
1000:
741:
690:
341:
200:
381:
s and would have been the first German warships to have mounted guns larger than 38 cm.
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2283:
1928:
1641:
1482:
1066:
1053:
727:
designed by 29 December 1916 and was approved on 11 September 1918, though none were built.
1779:
1530:
German Large Warships 1915 to 1918 –The Development of the Type in the First World War
1977:
1015:
717:
686:
682:
601:
551:
that had been laid down in 1913. The outbreak of war led to the abandonment of the plans.
345:
1589:
697:
June 1916, Scheer pushed for new, more powerful battleships, which were in concert with
2022:
966:
17:
2590:
2035:
1920:
1661:
1035:
1019:
974:
745:
722:(RMA—Imperial Navy Office), opposed the idea and favored traditional, differentiated
561:
299:
237:
213:
2188:
1943:
1502:
887:
723:
606:
523:
255:
36:
1816:
962:
566:
499:
457:
412:
372:
330:
1819:
1062:
978:
912:
701:
527:
461:
349:
318:
314:
293:
269:
193:
1653:
1473:
1687:
970:
903:
749:
400:
973:
aft of the funnel. They to have been powered by either two or four sets of
1645:
1034:
guns. Four of these would have been mounted on either side of the forward
2043:
1048:
1023:
982:
287:
281:
1596:. Vol. I: Major Surface Vessels. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
1121:
2328:
1057:
977:
driving four shafts, which were to have a combined output of 100,000
736:
698:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
2471:
940:
the Imperial Navy bequeathed a dubious legacy to its successors".
924:
388:
880:
were reduced to twelve guns, compared to the sixteen guns of the
1783:
1691:
344:, fought later that year, were incorporated into the design.
1284:
1282:
1003:
was arranged in four twin-gun turrets, as in the preceding
254:
3 × 60 cm (23.6 in) or 70 cm (27.6 in)
953:
The L 20e α design was 238 m (781 ft)
516:-class battleships that were then under construction. The
421:. Over the following decade, Germany built some two dozen
1507:
The Kaiser's Battlefleet: German Capital Ships 1871–1918
333:. Design work on the class of battleship to succeed the
1120:, meaning that the gun is 45 times as long as it is in
936:..." that the L 20 α design represented, "...
29:
Cancelled battleship design of the German Imperial Navy
1574:] (in German). Bonn: Bernard & Graefe Verlag.
1524:
Forstmeier, Friedrich & Breyer, Siegfried (2002).
1269:
1267:
1440:
1438:
1254:
1252:
961:. The ships were intended to have the typical single
530:. The British had begun building the similarly-armed
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
2327:
2300:
2282:
2259:
2186:
2158:
2034:
1976:
1919:
1871:
1815:
1487:. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 134–189.
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
886:class. L 24e α also had an additional pair of
1613:"Luxury" Fleet: The Imperial German Navy 1888–1918
1335:
1333:
1484:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921
1393:
1351:
1155:
1110:In Imperial German Navy gun nomenclature, "SK" (
526:of 38-centimeter (15 in) guns in four twin-
1532:] (in German). Bonn: Bernard & Graefe.
932:ambitious demands in battleship characteristics
358:class to eight 42 cm (16.5 in) guns.
1795:
1703:
740:(2.8 km/h; 1.7 mph), had two extra
180:Full load: 9.90 m (32 ft 6 in)
8:
1405:
1312:
1300:
1288:
1111:
1094:In previous battleship designs, such as the
1004:
986:
985:. Externally, the ships were similar to the
897:
891:
881:
715:
705:
677:
570:
517:
511:
503:
410:
376:
366:
353:
322:
41:Line-drawing of the L 20e α design
1468:(4). London: Conway Maritime Press: 12–20.
866:27.5 knots (50.9 km/h; 31.6 mph)
852:26.5 knots (49.1 km/h; 30.5 mph)
793:22.5 knots (41.7 km/h; 25.9 mph)
731:guns, respectively. After the beginning of
302:: 350 to 400 mm (13.8 to 15.7 in)
1802:
1788:
1780:
1710:
1696:
1688:
841:235 to 237 m (777 ft 7 in)
754:
577:
296:: 150 to 350 mm (5.9 to 13.8 in)
290:: 100 to 350 mm (3.9 to 13.8 in)
233:8 × 42 cm (16.5 in) SK L/45 guns
2575:List of ships of the Imperial German Navy
272:: 30 to 350 mm (1.2 to 13.8 in)
2566:Building for the Netherlands when seized
1810:German naval ship classes of World War I
854:
834:
812:
801:
798:
795:
786:
704:'s call for what he referred to as the "
278:: 60 to 250 mm (2.4 to 9.8 in)
2612:Battleships of the Imperial German Navy
1136:
1087:
177:Normal: 9 m (29 ft 6 in)
1039:beam to the rear of the engine rooms.
31:
949:General characteristics and machinery
869:33.5 m (109 ft 11 in)
838:25 knots (46 km/h; 29 mph)
656:26 knots (48 km/h; 30 mph)
642:25 knots (46 km/h; 29 mph)
622:26 knots (48 km/h; 30 mph)
7:
1673:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
1551:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
1444:
1429:
1417:
1273:
1258:
223:26 knots (48 km/h; 30 mph)
855:240 m (787 ft 5 in)
665:8.8 m (28 ft 10 in)
662:30.4 m (99 ft 9 in)
659:230 m (754 ft 7 in)
625:220 m (721 ft 9 in)
502:broke out in July 1914, the German
321:to be built in 1918 for the German
2597:World War I battleships of Germany
2560:Building for Argentina when seized
1370:
1324:
1243:
1231:
1219:
1180:
1143:
1032:10.5 cm (4.1 in) SK L/45
631:8.6 m (28 ft 3 in)
249:10.5 cm (4.1 in) SK L/45
149:: 48,700 t (47,900 long tons)
143:: 43,800 t (43,100 long tons)
25:
1509:. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing.
1028:8.8 cm (3.5 in) SK L/45
863:45,000 t (44,289 long tons)
849:43,000 t (42,321 long tons)
832:42,000 t (41,337 long tons)
821:41,700 t (41,041 long tons)
787:42,000 t (41,337 long tons)
685:became commander in chief of the
650:38,000 t (37,400 long tons)
628:30 m (98 ft 5 in)
616:34,000 t (33,463 long tons)
245:8.8 cm (3.5 in) SK L/45
1339:
1020:15 cm (5.9 in) SK L/45
965:mounted atop the large, forward
802:9 m (29 ft 6 in)
238:15 cm (5.9 in) SK L/45
64:
35:
1633:The Journal of Military History
1769:List of battleships of Germany
733:unrestricted submarine warfare
544:turrets similar to the French
1:
2260:Small / Coastal torpedo boats
858:
844:
827:
816:
805:
782:
714:, the State Secretary of the
645:
634:
611:
868:
865:
862:
851:
848:
840:
837:
831:
823:
820:
809:
792:
789:
744:and a correspondingly wider
672:Development and cancellation
664:
661:
658:
655:
649:
641:
621:
129:Super-dreadnought battleship
1873:Pre-dreadnought battleships
1615:. Amherst: Humanity Books.
423:pre-dreadnought battleships
284:: 170 mm (6.7 in)
2628:
1594:German Warships: 1815–1945
759:
582:
2607:Proposed ships of Germany
2535:
1764:
1738:
1725:
1719:L 20e α-class battleships
1547:Friedman, Norman (2011).
859:
845:
828:
817:
806:
796:235 m (771 ft)
783:
778:
775:
772:
769:
766:
763:
760:
646:
635:
630:
627:
624:
615:
612:
605:
600:
597:
594:
591:
586:
583:
579:Initial design proposals
212:4 shafts, 2 or 4 sets of
167:33.5 m (110 ft)
119:
46:
34:
1611:Herwig, Holger (1998) .
799:32 m (105 ft)
159:238 m (781 ft)
1566:Grießmer, Axel (1999).
1406:Forstmeier & Breyer
1313:Forstmeier & Breyer
1301:Forstmeier & Breyer
1289:Forstmeier & Breyer
991:-class battlecruisers.
756:Later design proposals
329:(Imperial Navy) during
120:General characteristics
55:L 20e α class
18:L 20 α class battleship
1669:Weir, Gary E. (1992).
1112:
1005:
987:
898:
892:
882:
716:
706:
678:
571:
518:
512:
504:
458:dreadnought revolution
411:
406:
377:
367:
354:
323:
199:22 Schulz-Thornycroft
2302:Coastal defense ships
1646:10.1353/jmh.2005.0246
1394:Campbell & Sieche
1352:Campbell & Sieche
1156:Campbell & Sieche
955:long at the waterline
810:10 × 38 cm guns
639:10 × 38 cm guns
392:
2542:Single ship of class
1889:Kaiser Friedrich III
835:8 × 42 cm guns
824:8 × 38 cm guns
790:8 × 42 cm guns
653:8 × 38 cm guns
619:8 × 38 cm guns
522:s were armed with a
434:Kaiser Friedrich III
72:Imperial German Navy
1354:, pp. 149–159.
1246:, pp. 223–224.
1158:, pp. 134–149.
969:and a lighter pole
878:Secondary batteries
757:
580:
313:was a design for a
2602:Battleship classes
2160:Protected cruisers
755:
712:Eduard von Capelle
693:on 31 May – 1
578:
549:-class battleships
541:-class battleships
506:Kaiserliche Marine
464:by 1914, with the
419:Alfred von Tirpitz
407:
325:Kaiserliche Marine
2582:
2581:
2284:Aircraft carriers
1777:
1776:
1680:978-1-55750-929-1
1622:978-1-57392-286-9
1603:978-0-87021-790-6
1581:978-3-7637-5985-9
1558:978-1-84832-100-7
1539:978-3-7637-6230-9
1516:978-1-84832-229-5
1494:978-0-85177-245-5
1146:, pp. 33–81.
873:
872:
691:Battle of Jutland
676:In January 1916,
669:
668:
498:Beginning before
398:-class battleship
342:Battle of Jutland
311:L 20e α
308:
307:
91:Succeeded by
16:(Redirected from
2619:
2170:Kaiserin Augusta
1978:Armored cruisers
1804:
1797:
1790:
1781:
1712:
1705:
1698:
1689:
1684:
1665:
1640:(4): 1013–1044.
1626:
1607:
1585:
1562:
1543:
1520:
1498:
1477:
1448:
1442:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1374:
1368:
1355:
1349:
1343:
1337:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1304:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1277:
1271:
1262:
1256:
1247:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1184:
1178:
1159:
1153:
1147:
1141:
1125:
1115:
1113:Schnelladekanone
1108:
1102:
1092:
1067:torpedo bulkhead
1022:guns mounted in
1008:
990:
979:shaft horsepower
939:
935:
930:
901:
895:
885:
758:
721:
709:
696:
689:. Following the
681:
581:
574:
521:
515:
509:
416:
380:
370:
357:
328:
196:(75,000 kW)
70:
68:
67:
39:
32:
21:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2587:
2586:
2583:
2578:
2531:
2323:
2296:
2278:
2255:
2182:
2177:Victoria Louise
2154:
2030:
1972:
1915:
1867:
1811:
1808:
1778:
1773:
1760:
1734:
1721:
1716:
1681:
1668:
1629:
1623:
1610:
1604:
1588:
1582:
1565:
1559:
1546:
1540:
1523:
1517:
1501:
1495:
1480:
1459:
1456:
1451:
1443:
1436:
1428:
1424:
1416:
1412:
1404:
1400:
1392:
1377:
1369:
1358:
1350:
1346:
1338:
1331:
1323:
1319:
1311:
1307:
1299:
1295:
1287:
1280:
1276:, p. 1017.
1272:
1265:
1257:
1250:
1242:
1238:
1230:
1226:
1218:
1187:
1179:
1162:
1154:
1150:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1128:
1109:
1105:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1045:
1016:muzzle velocity
997:
963:tripod foremast
951:
946:
944:Characteristics
937:
933:
928:
921:U-boat campaign
718:Reichsmarineamt
694:
687:High Seas Fleet
683:Reinhard Scheer
674:
533:Queen Elizabeth
417:(Vice Admiral)
387:
363:U-boat campaign
346:Reinhard Scheer
187:Installed power
65:
63:
42:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2625:
2623:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2589:
2588:
2580:
2579:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2333:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2314:
2306:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2288:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2226:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2193:
2191:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2173:
2164:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2140:
2133:
2126:
2119:
2112:
2105:
2098:
2091:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2063:
2056:
2049:
2040:
2038:
2036:Light cruisers
2032:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2020:
2013:
2006:
2003:Prinz Adalbert
1999:
1996:Prinz Heinrich
1991:
1988:Fürst Bismarck
1982:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1963:
1956:
1949:
1941:
1934:
1925:
1923:
1921:Battlecruisers
1917:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1906:
1899:
1892:
1885:
1877:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1839:
1832:
1824:
1822:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1799:
1792:
1784:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1749:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1732:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1715:
1714:
1707:
1700:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1679:
1666:
1627:
1621:
1608:
1602:
1586:
1580:
1563:
1557:
1544:
1538:
1521:
1515:
1499:
1493:
1478:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1434:
1422:
1420:, p. 177.
1410:
1398:
1396:, p. 150.
1375:
1373:, p. 232.
1356:
1344:
1342:, p. 179.
1329:
1317:
1305:
1293:
1278:
1263:
1261:, p. 131.
1248:
1236:
1234:, p. 161.
1224:
1222:, p. 230.
1185:
1183:, p. 126.
1160:
1148:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1103:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1044:
1041:
1030:guns or eight
996:
993:
975:steam turbines
967:superstructure
950:
947:
945:
942:
899:Einheitsschiff
871:
870:
867:
864:
861:
857:
856:
853:
850:
847:
843:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
826:
825:
822:
819:
815:
814:
811:
808:
804:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
781:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
765:
762:
707:Einheitsschiff
673:
670:
667:
666:
663:
660:
657:
654:
651:
648:
644:
643:
640:
637:
633:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
610:
609:
604:
599:
596:
593:
590:
585:
562:battlecruisers
386:
383:
306:
305:
304:
303:
297:
291:
285:
279:
273:
265:
261:
260:
259:
258:
252:
241:
234:
229:
225:
224:
221:
217:
216:
214:steam turbines
210:
206:
205:
204:
203:
197:
188:
184:
183:
182:
181:
178:
173:
169:
168:
165:
161:
160:
157:
153:
152:
151:
150:
144:
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
117:
116:
113:
109:
108:
105:
101:
100:
92:
88:
87:
79:
75:
74:
61:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
47:Class overview
44:
43:
40:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2624:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2585:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2534:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2189:torpedo boats
2185:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2007:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1805:
1800:
1798:
1793:
1791:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1757:
1755:
1751:Followed by:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1742:Preceded by:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1724:
1720:
1713:
1708:
1706:
1701:
1699:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1682:
1676:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1634:
1628:
1624:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1605:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1590:Gröner, Erich
1587:
1583:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1564:
1560:
1554:
1550:
1545:
1541:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1522:
1518:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1503:Dodson, Aidan
1500:
1496:
1490:
1486:
1485:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1447:, p. 20.
1446:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1432:, p. 13.
1431:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1411:
1408:, p. 83.
1407:
1402:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1327:, p. 30.
1326:
1321:
1318:
1315:, p. 46.
1314:
1309:
1306:
1303:, p. 45.
1302:
1297:
1294:
1291:, p. 44.
1290:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1137:
1131:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1098:
1091:
1088:
1081:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1036:conning tower
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1007:
1002:
994:
992:
989:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
948:
943:
941:
926:
922:
917:
914:
908:
905:
900:
894:
889:
888:torpedo tubes
884:
879:
860:L 24e α
767:Main battery
764:Displacement
753:
751:
747:
743:
738:
734:
728:
725:
720:
719:
713:
708:
703:
700:
692:
688:
684:
680:
671:
652:
638:
618:
608:
603:
592:Main battery
589:
576:
573:
568:
563:
560:
558:
552:
550:
548:
542:
540:
535:
534:
529:
525:
520:
514:
508:
507:
501:
496:
494:
492:
487:
486:
481:
480:
475:
474:
469:
468:
463:
459:
455:
453:
448:
447:
442:
441:
436:
435:
430:
429:
424:
420:
415:
414:
404:
403:
399:
397:
391:
384:
382:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
356:
351:
347:
343:
339:
337:
332:
327:
326:
320:
316:
312:
301:
300:Conning tower
298:
295:
292:
289:
286:
283:
280:
277:
274:
271:
268:
267:
266:
263:
262:
257:
256:torpedo tubes
253:
250:
246:
242:
239:
235:
232:
231:
230:
227:
226:
222:
219:
218:
215:
211:
208:
207:
202:
198:
195:
192:100,000
191:
190:
189:
186:
185:
179:
176:
175:
174:
171:
170:
166:
163:
162:
158:
155:
154:
148:
145:
142:
139:
138:
137:
134:
133:
130:
127:
124:
123:
118:
114:
111:
110:
106:
103:
102:
99:
97:
93:
90:
89:
86:
84:
80:
77:
76:
73:
62:
59:
58:
54:
51:
50:
45:
38:
33:
27:
19:
2584:
2570:
2569:
2317:
2310:
2267:
2229:
2222:
2176:
2169:
2150:FK proposals
2143:
2136:
2129:
2122:
2115:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2087:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2024:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1995:
1987:
1967:Ersatz Yorck
1966:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1937:
1931:Von der Tann
1930:
1909:
1903:Braunschweig
1902:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1862:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1753:
1744:
1729:
1718:
1670:
1637:
1631:
1612:
1593:
1571:
1567:
1548:
1529:
1525:
1506:
1483:
1465:
1461:
1425:
1413:
1401:
1347:
1320:
1308:
1296:
1239:
1227:
1151:
1139:
1106:
1096:
1090:
1071:
1046:
998:
988:Ersatz Yorck
959:fully loaded
952:
918:
909:
874:
729:
724:capital ship
675:
588:Displacement
572:Ersatz Yorck
557:Ersatz Yorck
556:
553:
546:
538:
532:
524:main battery
497:
490:
484:
478:
472:
466:
451:
446:Braunschweig
445:
439:
433:
427:
408:
401:
395:
360:
335:
310:
309:
135:Displacement
95:
82:
26:
2554:Conversions
2017:Scharnhorst
1953:Derfflinger
1910:Deutschland
1896:Wittelsbach
1882:Brandenburg
1820:battleships
1817:Dreadnought
1754:Scharnhorst
904:superfiring
829:L 20e
818:L 22c
807:L 21a
784:L 20b
679:Vizeadmiral
528:gun turrets
500:World War I
462:battleships
452:Deutschland
440:Wittelsbach
428:Brandenburg
413:Vizeadmiral
331:World War I
319:battleships
96:Scharnhorst
78:Preceded by
2591:Categories
2130:Königsberg
2067:Königsberg
1730:None built
1454:References
1063:forecastle
913:belt armor
846:L 24
702:Wilhelm II
385:Background
350:Royal Navy
209:Propulsion
2548:Cancelled
2311:Siegfried
2168:SMS
2123:Wiesbaden
2102:Karlsruhe
2095:Magdeburg
2044:SMS
2023:SMS
1994:SMS
1986:SMS
1960:Mackensen
1944:SMS
1929:SMS
1836:Helgoland
1662:159780706
1654:1543-7795
1474:0142-6222
1132:Citations
1124:diameter.
1082:Footnotes
1054:waterline
1024:casemates
1012:broadside
999:The main
971:main mast
750:waterline
647:L 3
636:L 2
613:L 1
547:Normandie
473:Helgoland
425:over the
288:Barbettes
276:Bulkheads
147:Full load
112:Completed
60:Operators
2571:See also
2109:Graudenz
2081:Nautilus
1946:Seydlitz
1592:(1990).
1505:(2016).
1445:Campbell
1430:Campbell
1418:Grießmer
1274:Mulligan
1259:Friedman
1118:calibers
1049:barbette
995:Armament
983:fuel oil
813:Unknown
282:Casemate
228:Armament
2329:U-boats
2137:Brummer
2088:Kolberg
2074:Dresden
2053:Gazelle
2025:Blücher
1863:L 20e α
1462:Warship
1001:battery
773:Length
761:Design
742:boilers
598:Length
584:Design
539:Revenge
493:classes
454:classes
294:Turrets
201:boilers
107:Unknown
104:Planned
2502:UC III
2487:UB III
2187:Large
2116:Pillau
2060:Bremen
1938:Moltke
1857:Bayern
1843:Kaiser
1829:Nassau
1745:Bayern
1677:
1660:
1652:
1619:
1600:
1578:
1555:
1536:
1513:
1491:
1472:
1371:Dodson
1325:Gröner
1244:Herwig
1232:Herwig
1220:Dodson
1181:Dodson
1144:Herwig
1097:Bayern
1058:strake
1006:Bayern
938:
934:
929:
893:Bayern
883:Bayern
779:Draft
770:Speed
746:funnel
737:U-boat
699:Kaiser
695:
595:Speed
559:-class
519:Bayern
513:Bayern
491:Bayern
488:, and
479:Kaiser
467:Nassau
456:. The
396:Bayern
378:Bayern
368:Bayern
355:Bayern
338:-class
336:Bayern
156:Length
141:Normal
83:Bayern
69:
2517:UE II
2497:UC II
2482:UB II
2467:U 151
2462:U 142
2457:U 139
2452:U 135
2447:U 131
2442:U 127
2437:U 115
2241:1916M
1850:König
1756:class
1747:class
1658:S2CID
1570:[
1528:[
1099:class
1077:Notes
1043:Armor
925:Krupp
776:Beam
607:Draft
567:knots
485:König
402:Baden
373:knots
315:class
264:Armor
236:12 ×
220:Speed
172:Draft
98:class
85:class
2512:UE I
2507:UD 1
2492:UC I
2477:UB I
2432:U 93
2427:U 87
2422:U 81
2417:U 66
2412:U 63
2407:U 57
2402:U 51
2397:U 43
2392:U 31
2387:U 27
2382:U 23
2377:U 19
2372:U 17
2367:U 16
2362:U 13
2318:Odin
2251:1918
2246:1917
2236:1916
2230:V105
2223:G101
2217:1914
2212:1913
2207:1911
2202:1906
2197:1898
2144:Cöln
2046:Hela
2010:Roon
1675:ISBN
1650:ISSN
1617:ISBN
1598:ISBN
1576:ISBN
1553:ISBN
1534:ISBN
1511:ISBN
1489:ISBN
1470:ISSN
1340:Weir
1122:bore
602:Beam
536:and
449:and
393:The
270:Belt
251:guns
243:8 ×
240:guns
164:Beam
125:Type
115:None
52:Name
2357:U 9
2352:U 5
2347:U 3
2342:U 2
2337:U 1
2292:"I"
1642:doi
317:of
247:or
194:shp
2593::
2573::
2527:UG
2522:UF
2472:UA
2268:S7
1656:.
1648:.
1638:69
1636:.
1464:.
1437:^
1378:^
1359:^
1332:^
1281:^
1266:^
1251:^
1188:^
1163:^
495:.
482:,
476:,
470:,
443:,
437:,
431:,
2563:N
2557:A
2551:V
2545:X
2539:S
2274:A
1803:e
1796:t
1789:v
1711:e
1704:t
1697:v
1683:.
1664:.
1644::
1625:.
1606:.
1584:.
1561:.
1542:.
1519:.
1497:.
1476:.
1466:I
20:)
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