1876:
2993:
2701:
675:
68:
181:
170:
271:
The soil structure is very homogeneous throughout the region and tends to be flat. It is formed of reddish-brown sandy clay, which is poor in organic material and rich in lime and chalk. Strata of lime are common and are often broken to allow the roots of the vines to pass through. The land rises
1500:
526:
262:
of La Mancha, which prevents moisture-bearing winds from crossing it; mean annual rainfall is about 300 to 400 mm. On the other hand, the vines are exposed to about 3,000 hours of sunlight per year.
1600:
504:
406:
Traditional Wines. Wines of the last vintage or previous, made in the traditional system of the DO. This section would also include naturally sweet white wines.
21:
235:
The first written documentation on viticulture in the region dates from the 12th century, though it is generally believed that vines were introduced by the
1580:
409:
Wines aged in oak barrels. Wines with a production equal to that of young wines or traditional, but with a minimum time in oak barrels for 60 days.
2927:
1590:
258:(long, hot summers and cold winters) and ranges from extremes of -15 °C in winter to 45 °C in summer. Drought is also common due to the
1824:
1719:
2749:
199:(DOP) for wines, with over 190,000 ha planted to vines, and is the largest continuous vine-growing area in the world. It is located in the
1672:
1621:
1616:
1451:
497:
735:
720:
2011:
1667:
1636:
421:
Semi-sparkling. Wines that by their particular development retain a small amount of carbon dioxide from the fermentation of sugars.
1595:
1565:
2300:
1986:
1861:
1751:
347:
200:
3023:
2467:
1682:
1657:
58:
1540:
2953:
1530:
1419:
490:
2958:
1814:
1772:
1735:
1677:
1477:
935:
2878:
2845:
2674:
1819:
1585:
1525:
1435:
2968:
2858:
1782:
1662:
684:
586:
194:
108:
2963:
2742:
2684:
2613:
2505:
2106:
2089:
1316:
1027:
2853:
2226:
2062:
1383:
216:
77:
2716:
2639:
2084:
1550:
1535:
930:
2654:
2423:
2067:
1545:
874:
243:. Wine production took off in the 1940s due to the setting up of numerous cooperatives in the region.
1875:
418:
Gran
Reserva wines. With a minimum of twenty four months aging in oak and thirty-six months in bottle.
2305:
2057:
1296:
513:
259:
212:
73:
2883:
2835:
2735:
2285:
1979:
1888:
1777:
1570:
1472:
1467:
1291:
1281:
1234:
1203:
1140:
1088:
1083:
1067:
991:
945:
879:
823:
818:
808:
771:
756:
540:
255:
2873:
2378:
1896:
1840:
1698:
1631:
1575:
1321:
1114:
884:
869:
813:
792:
425:
313:
224:
220:
85:
81:
1001:
2827:
2774:
2358:
2295:
1798:
1703:
1626:
1555:
1509:
1109:
1032:
849:
725:
705:
555:
387:
321:
246:
Viticulture is the economic mainstay of many of the municipalities that form part of the DOP.
240:
204:
174:
89:
415:
Reserva wines. With a minimum of twelve months aging in oak and twenty-four months in bottle.
2992:
2700:
2618:
2545:
2408:
2310:
1560:
986:
920:
787:
730:
560:
403:
Young Wines. Must be consumed in a period not exceeding nine months after their preparation.
367:
2973:
2794:
2711:
2497:
2325:
2260:
2203:
2166:
2046:
1767:
1641:
1403:
1388:
1362:
1331:
1326:
1286:
1156:
1124:
1062:
412:
Crianza wines. With two years of natural aging, of which one must be in barrel and bottle.
359:
1037:
761:
674:
2868:
2863:
2812:
2766:
2623:
2595:
2570:
2491:
2480:
2475:
2373:
2340:
2156:
2134:
2101:
2077:
1972:
1336:
1104:
1057:
1047:
981:
915:
905:
864:
854:
844:
751:
710:
236:
180:
67:
3017:
2893:
2802:
2608:
2603:
2280:
2096:
2072:
1930:
1920:
1306:
1265:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1022:
996:
859:
2679:
2270:
2208:
2198:
2151:
1915:
1910:
1892:
1378:
1249:
1198:
1177:
1119:
1052:
976:
966:
961:
900:
545:
329:
2428:
375:
2997:
2948:
2911:
2705:
2560:
2550:
2448:
2330:
2213:
2144:
2003:
1352:
1172:
1042:
1017:
910:
628:
550:
289:
2901:
2817:
2807:
2758:
2664:
2659:
2644:
2580:
2575:
2540:
2438:
2433:
2393:
2320:
2265:
2255:
2250:
2237:
2193:
2181:
2171:
2129:
1955:
1900:
1301:
1182:
839:
660:
644:
612:
565:
355:
325:
293:
36:
23:
2779:
2669:
2649:
2585:
2565:
2555:
2515:
2453:
2335:
2275:
2176:
1845:
940:
766:
363:
169:
2525:
2520:
2510:
2403:
2383:
2350:
2315:
2245:
2161:
2124:
2036:
2031:
2016:
925:
570:
383:
371:
343:
305:
297:
273:
184:
Official DO label as found on the back of a La Mancha region wine bottle
2978:
2784:
2535:
2388:
2363:
2290:
2139:
2026:
1945:
1925:
1311:
482:
399:
The following eight categories are authorised for La Mancha DOP wines:
379:
351:
309:
2943:
2906:
2530:
2418:
2413:
715:
575:
317:
301:
2443:
2398:
2368:
2021:
1357:
337:
333:
208:
179:
168:
126:
276:
in the north to 700 m above sea level in La Mancha in the south.
1995:
1951:
2731:
1968:
1949:
1498:
524:
486:
272:
constantly from north to south, from 480 m above sea level in
2727:
449:
477:
424:
Sparkling/Espumosos. White or rosé. Wines made with the
1964:
211:
and includes 182 municipalities: 12 in the province of
2936:
2920:
2892:
2844:
2826:
2793:
2765:
2632:
2594:
2489:
2466:
2349:
2236:
2224:
2117:
2045:
2002:
1854:
1833:
1807:
1791:
1760:
1744:
1728:
1712:
1691:
1650:
1609:
1518:
1507:
1460:
1444:
1428:
1412:
1401:
1371:
1345:
1274:
1258:
1247:
1212:
1191:
1165:
1149:
1133:
1097:
1076:
1010:
954:
893:
832:
801:
780:
744:
698:
682:
653:
637:
621:
605:
584:
159:
151:
140:
132:
122:
114:
104:
96:
284:The following are the authorised grape varieties:
2743:
1980:
498:
192:
8:
51:
2750:
2736:
2728:
2233:
1987:
1973:
1965:
1946:
1515:
1495:
1409:
1255:
695:
602:
521:
505:
491:
483:
66:
2928:Clarification and stabilization of wine
1591:Sierras de las Estancias y los Filabres
1501:PGI: Protected Geographical Indications
444:
442:
438:
527:PDO: Protected Denominations of Origin
109:Denominación de Origen Protegida (DOP)
50:
7:
72:La Mancha DOP in the provinces of
14:
2012:Annual growth cycle of grapevines
478:D.O.P. La Mancha official website
2991:
2699:
1874:
726:Manzanilla-Sanlúcar de Barrameda
673:
195:Denominación de Origen Protegida
136:165,470 hectares (408,885 acres)
1622:Ribera del Gállego-Cinco Villas
1683:Serra de Tramuntana-Costa Nord
426:traditional champenoise method
141:
1:
2954:Glossary of viticulture terms
1887:Multi-regional wine regions:
2959:Glossary of winemaking terms
239:as in other regions of the
3040:
2879:Yeast assimilable nitrogen
1526:Altiplano de Sierra Nevada
280:Authorised grape varieties
2987:
2969:History of the wine press
2859:Sparkling wine production
2693:
1962:
1883:
1872:
1494:
936:Tierra del Vino de Zamora
671:
533:
520:
310:Moravía Dulce / Crujidera
133:Size of planted vineyards
65:
56:
2964:Wine tasting descriptors
2685:Wine tasting descriptors
2614:Phenolic content in wine
2506:Alternative wine closure
2090:Great French Wine Blight
348:Moscatel de Grano Menudo
2854:Malolactic fermentation
1601:Villaviciosa de Córdoba
1581:Sierra Norte de Sevilla
1384:Pago de Los Balagueses
193:
185:
177:
3024:Wine regions of Spain
2655:Wine and food pairing
1546:Cumbres del Guadalfeo
183:
172:
16:Spanish DOP for wines
2306:Muscat of Alexandria
1297:Dominio de Valdepusa
514:Spanish wine regions
201:autonomous community
163:Data for 2016 / 2017
37:39.40556°N 3.20556°W
2884:Yeast in winemaking
2836:Carbonic maceration
1783:Val do Miño-Ourense
1778:Ribeiras do Morrazo
1551:Desierto de Almería
1473:Valles de Benavente
1468:Sierra de Salamanca
1292:Dehesa del Carrizal
1282:Campo de La Guardia
1084:Ribera del Guadiana
880:Valle de la Orotava
155:642,076 hectolitres
53:
33: /
2874:Traditional method
2675:Wine personalities
2379:Cabernet Sauvignon
1897:Ribera del Queiles
1841:Ribera del Queiles
1825:Campo de Cartagena
1699:Costa de Cantabria
1632:Ribera del Queiles
1586:Sierra Sur de Jaén
1576:Ribera del Andarax
885:Ycoden-Daute-Isora
870:Tacoronte-Acentejo
819:Txakoli de Getaria
814:Txakoli de Bizkaia
716:Jerez-Xeres-Sherry
576:Jerez-Xeres-Sherry
314:Cabernet Sauvignon
186:
178:
42:39.40556; -3.20556
3011:
3010:
3005:
3004:
2775:Late harvest wine
2725:
2724:
2462:
2461:
2359:Alicante Bouschet
2107:Judgment of Paris
1943:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1870:
1869:
1799:Valles de Sadacia
1729:Castile–La Mancha
1627:Ribera del Jiloca
1556:Laderas del Genil
1510:Vino de la tierra
1490:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1397:
1396:
1275:Castile–La Mancha
1243:
1242:
1033:Costers del Segre
955:Castile–La Mancha
736:Sierras de Málaga
706:Condado de Huelva
669:
668:
597:calificada (DOCa)
454:lamanchawines.com
241:Iberian peninsula
205:Castile-La Mancha
175:Castile-La Mancha
167:
166:
90:Castile-La Mancha
88:in the region of
3031:
2996:
2995:
2752:
2745:
2738:
2729:
2704:
2703:
2619:Proteins in wine
2286:Grüner Veltliner
2234:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1966:
1947:
1878:
1720:Castile and León
1713:Castile and León
1651:Balearic Islands
1571:Norte de Almería
1561:Laujar-Alpujarra
1516:
1496:
1461:Castile and León
1410:
1256:
1028:Conca de Barberà
992:Ribera del Júcar
921:Ribera del Duero
894:Castile and León
809:Txakoli de Álava
781:Balearic Islands
731:Montilla-Moriles
696:
688:
677:
603:
595:
590:
561:Ribera del Duero
522:
507:
500:
493:
484:
465:
464:
462:
460:
446:
198:
173:La Mancha DO in
143:
115:Year established
100:D.O.P. La Mancha
70:
54:
48:
47:
45:
44:
43:
38:
34:
31:
30:
29:
26:
3039:
3038:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3006:
3001:
2998:Wine portal
2990:
2983:
2974:History of wine
2932:
2916:
2888:
2840:
2822:
2803:Deacidification
2789:
2761:
2756:
2726:
2721:
2706:Wine portal
2698:
2689:
2628:
2590:
2495:
2485:
2458:
2345:
2326:Sauvignon blanc
2261:Cayetana blanca
2229:
2227:grape varieties
2220:
2113:
2041:
1998:
1993:
1958:
1944:
1935:
1879:
1866:
1850:
1829:
1803:
1787:
1768:Barbanza e Iria
1756:
1740:
1724:
1708:
1687:
1673:Isla de Menorca
1646:
1642:Valle del Cinca
1605:
1512:
1503:
1482:
1456:
1440:
1424:
1406:
1404:Vino de calidad
1393:
1389:Vera de Estenas
1367:
1363:Prado de Irache
1341:
1332:Pago Florentino
1327:Pago Calzadilla
1287:Casa del Blanco
1270:
1252:
1239:
1208:
1187:
1161:
1157:Vinos de Madrid
1145:
1129:
1093:
1072:
1006:
950:
889:
875:Valle de Güímar
828:
797:
776:
740:
692:
689:
686:
678:
665:
649:
633:
617:
599:
596:
593:
591:
588:
580:
529:
516:
511:
474:
469:
468:
458:
456:
448:
447:
440:
435:
397:
360:Sauvignon blanc
352:Macabeo / Viura
282:
269:
254:The climate is
252:
233:
92:
41:
39:
35:
32:
27:
24:
22:
20:
19:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3037:
3035:
3027:
3026:
3016:
3015:
3009:
3008:
3003:
3002:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2924:
2922:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2898:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2864:Sugars in wine
2861:
2856:
2850:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2832:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2813:Chaptalization
2810:
2805:
2799:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2771:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2747:
2740:
2732:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2640:Classification
2636:
2634:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2624:Sugars in wine
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2600:
2598:
2596:Wine chemistry
2592:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2571:Wine dispenser
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2502:
2500:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2478:
2472:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2374:Cabernet Franc
2371:
2366:
2361:
2355:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2341:Welschriesling
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2296:Müller-Thurgau
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2242:
2240:
2231:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2099:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2063:Ancient Greece
2060:
2051:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2008:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1950:
1941:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1522:
1520:
1513:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1452:Islas Canarias
1448:
1446:
1445:Canary Islands
1442:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1416:
1414:
1407:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1262:
1260:
1253:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1146:
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368:Pedro Ximénez
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260:micro-climate
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191:is a Spanish
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152:Wine produced
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97:Official name
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55:
52:La Mancha DOP
49:
46:
2989:
2846:Fermentation
2697:
2680:Wine tasting
2301:Muscat blanc
2271:Chenin blanc
2068:Ancient Rome
1916:Catalan wine
1911:Spanish wine
1596:Torreperogil
1566:Los Palacios
1379:El Terrerazo
1250:Vino de Pago
1053:Pla de Bages
971:
850:Gran Canaria
685:Denominación
587:Denominación
457:. Retrieved
453:
398:
330:Petit Verdot
283:
270:
253:
245:
234:
188:
187:
57:
18:
2949:Wine bottle
2921:Other steps
2912:Wine cellar
2869:Süssreserve
2561:Wine cellar
2551:Wine bottle
2492:accessories
2490:Packaging,
2449:Tempranillo
2078:Noah's wine
2058:Phoenicians
2004:Viticulture
1752:Extremadura
1745:Extremadura
1617:Bajo Aragón
1337:Vallegarcía
1110:Rías Baixas
1077:Extremadura
556:Rías Baixas
459:24 December
256:continental
217:Ciudad Real
207:in central
144:of wineries
78:Ciudad Real
59:Wine region
40: /
2828:Maceration
2818:Wine press
2808:Destemming
2759:Winemaking
2665:Wine fraud
2660:Wine fault
2645:Oenophilia
2581:Wine label
2576:Wine glass
2541:Port tongs
2439:Sangiovese
2434:Pinot noir
2394:Douce noir
2321:Rkatsiteli
2266:Chardonnay
2256:Catarratto
2230:by acreage
2204:Biodynamic
2167:Aromatized
1956:winemaking
1658:Formentera
1637:Valdejalón
1478:Valtiendas
1307:Finca Élez
1302:El Vicario
1266:Pago Aylés
1125:Valdeorras
1063:Terra Alta
1002:Valdepeñas
788:Binissalem
433:References
356:Chardonnay
326:Monastrell
294:Pinot Noir
223:and 46 in
25:39°24′20″N
2780:Noble rot
2670:Winemaker
2650:Sommelier
2586:Wine rack
2566:Wine cork
2556:Wine cave
2546:Screw cap
2516:Corkscrew
2481:New World
2476:Old World
2454:Zinfandel
2429:Mourvèdre
2336:Trebbiano
2276:Colombard
2177:Noble rot
2157:Fortified
2135:Sparkling
2102:New World
1846:3 Riberas
1692:Cantabria
1519:Andalusia
1413:Andalusia
1317:La Jaraba
1105:Monterrei
1058:Tarragona
1023:Catalunya
1011:Catalonia
977:Manchuela
972:La Mancha
865:Lanzarote
855:La Gomera
845:El Hierro
767:Somontano
752:Calatayud
699:Andalusia
622:Catalonia
592:de origen
376:Torrontés
364:Parellada
189:La Mancha
28:3°12′20″W
3018:Category
2795:Pressing
2717:Glossary
2633:Industry
2526:Jug wine
2521:Decanter
2511:Box wine
2409:Isabella
2404:Grenache
2384:Carignan
2331:Sémillon
2316:Riesling
2311:Palomino
2054:Ancient
2037:Vineyard
2032:Veraison
2017:Oenology
1907:See also
1862:Castelló
1855:Valencia
1815:Abanilla
1792:La Rioja
1773:Betanzos
1736:Castilla
1678:Mallorca
1429:Asturias
1372:Valencia
1353:Arínzano
1230:Valencia
1220:Alicante
1213:Valencia
1134:La Rioja
1043:Montsant
987:Mondéjar
982:Méntrida
860:La Palma
762:Cariñena
638:La Rioja
384:Viognier
372:Riesling
298:Graciano
290:Cencibel
274:Aranjuez
219:, 66 in
215:, 58 in
213:Albacete
160:Comments
74:Albacete
2979:Terroir
2937:Related
2785:Vintage
2767:Harvest
2712:Outline
2536:Muselet
2498:storage
2389:Cinsaut
2364:Barbera
2291:Macabeo
2251:Aligoté
2209:Organic
2199:Natural
2152:Dessert
2097:Georgia
2047:History
2027:Terroir
2022:Species
1926:Txakoli
1893:Jumilla
1834:Navarre
1761:Galicia
1704:Liébana
1541:Córdoba
1420:Lebrija
1346:Navarre
1312:Guijoso
1199:Navarra
1192:Navarre
1178:Jumilla
1120:Ribeiro
1098:Galicia
1048:Penedès
1038:Empordà
967:Jumilla
962:Almansa
916:Cigales
906:Arribes
901:Arlanza
711:Granada
654:Navarre
629:Priorat
551:Priorat
546:Navarra
380:Verdejo
342:White:
250:Climate
231:History
123:Country
2944:Winery
2907:Solera
2531:Kvevri
2419:Merlot
2414:Malbec
2214:Kosher
2190:Other
2145:Orange
2118:Styles
2085:France
1931:Malaga
1820:Murcia
1808:Murcia
1610:Aragon
1531:Bailén
1436:Cangas
1259:Aragon
1173:Bullas
1166:Murcia
1150:Madrid
1018:Alella
911:Bierzo
745:Aragon
721:Málaga
687:
594:
589:
386:, and
336:, and
322:Mencía
318:Merlot
302:Malbec
225:Toledo
221:Cuenca
86:Toledo
82:Cuenca
2894:Aging
2444:Syrah
2399:Gamay
2369:Bobal
2281:Glera
2246:Airén
2238:White
2194:Table
2182:Straw
2172:Fruit
2130:White
2073:China
1952:Wines
1901:Rioja
1663:Ibiza
1536:Cádiz
1358:Otazu
1183:Yecla
997:Uclés
926:Rueda
840:Abona
661:Rioja
645:Rioja
613:Rioja
571:Rueda
566:Rioja
395:Wines
344:Airén
338:Syrah
334:Bobal
288:Red:
209:Spain
127:Spain
2496:and
2225:Top
2140:Rosé
1996:Wine
1954:and
1889:Cava
1235:Cava
1204:Cava
1141:Cava
1089:Cava
1068:Cava
946:Cava
941:Toro
824:Cava
772:Cava
541:Cava
461:2019
267:Soil
118:1932
105:Type
84:and
2902:Oak
2351:Red
2162:Ice
2125:Red
328:,
203:of
147:247
142:No.
3020::
1899:·
1895:·
1891:·
452:.
441:^
382:,
378:,
374:,
370:,
366:,
362:,
358:,
354:,
350:,
346:,
332:,
324:,
320:,
316:,
312:,
308:,
304:,
300:,
296:,
292:,
227:.
80:,
76:,
2751:e
2744:t
2737:v
2494:,
1988:e
1981:t
1974:v
506:e
499:t
492:v
463:.
428:.
390:.
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